Nalini (Sanskrit: नलिनी) is a female given name meaning lotus-plant or lovely in Sanskrit, it may refer to:

• Nalini Balbir, French Indologist
• Nalini Jaywant, Indian movie actress
• Nalini Joshi, Australian mathematician
• Nalini Nadkarni, American ecologist
• Nalini Netto, Indian civil servant
• Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, Bengali politician
• Nalini Singh, Indian journalist
• Nalini Venkatasubramanian, Indian scientist
• Nalini http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalini

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

Nadkarni speaking at TED in 2009.

Nalini Nadkarni (born 1954 in Bethesda, Maryland) is an American ecologist who pioneered the study of Costa Rican rain forest canopies. Using mountain climbing equipment to make her ascent, Nadkarni first took an inventory of the canopy in 1981, followed by two more inventories in 1984.^[1]

Career[link]

Nadkarni's interest was first drawn to rain forest ecology due to the contradiction offered by its plant life. There was a great abundance and variety of plant life within the rain forest despite its nutrient poor soil, and her goal was to discover how the plant life was sustained. Her studies within the canopy revealed that the epiphytes, which are non-parasitic plants such as orchids and ferns that live on the branches and trunks of other plants, were trapping organic material beneath their root system. This organic material eventually formed a nutrient rich mat, and trees in the rain forest had developed aerial roots, stemming from their trunks and branches, in order to absorb these nutrients as well. The aerial roots growing into the mats aided the rain forest trees by providing the nourishment that they did not receive from the nutrient poor soil.

Nadkarni and her work in the Costa Rican rain forest were featured in the 1988 PBS series, The Second Voyage of the Mimi, starring a young Ben Affleck. She maintains an interest in public outreach, and her work was highlighted on the web page of the National Science Foundation.^[2] She also wrote some text (foreword and quotes) for a book for young explorers entitled, Kingfisher Voyages: Rain Forest, published in 2006. Her work has included developing moss growing techniques with prisoners.^[3]

Personal life[link]

Nadkarni was born in Bethesda, Maryland, the third child to Moreshwar and Goldie Nadkarni. Her father immigrated to Iowa from Thana, India, while her mother is a Jewish Brooklyn native of Russian and Ukrainian descent. She has three living siblings-sister Saroj and brothers Vinay and Mohan. Another sister, Susheela, died in 1994. Nadkarni attended Brown University for her undergraduate degree and received a Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She currently resides in Olympia, Washington, where she teaches at The Evergreen State College. She is married to Jack Longino, who also teaches at Evergreen. They have two children, August and Erika Longino.

References[link]

1. ^ Nadkarni, N.M. 1981. Canopy Roots: Convergent Evolution in Rainforest Nutrient Cycles. Science, 214: 1023 - 1024
2. ^ http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=114406
3. ^ Fischer, Adelheid. 2005. Moss Conservation behind Bars. Conservation in Practice 6(3):35-36. Article on Dr. Nadkarni's project to involve prison inmates in moss cultivation and conservation.

External links[link]

• Official website
• Bio details, Evergreen State College, Washington
• Nalini Nadkarni on the National Geographic Speaker's Bureau website.

Dev Anand
Felicitation of Dev Anand by the Indo-American Society
Born	Dharam Dev Pishorimal Anand (1923-09-26)26 September 1923 Gurdaspur, Punjab, British India (now in Punjab, India)
Died	3 December 2011(2011-12-03) (aged 88) London, England
Residence	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Nationality	Indian
Other names	Dev Sahaab
Occupation	Actor, producer, director, co-founder Navketan Films (1949)
Years active	1946–2011
Spouse	Kalpana Kartik (1954–2011 his death)
Signature	150px

Dharam Dev Pishorimal Anand (26 September 1923 – 3 December 2011), better known as Dev Anand, was an Indian film actor, writer, director and producer known for his work in Hindi cinema. Part of the Anand family, he co-founded Navketan Films in 1949 with his elder brother Chetan Anand.^[1][2][3]

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002 for his contribution to Indian cinema. His career spanned more than 65 years with acting in 114 Hindi films of which 109 have him play the main solo lead hero and he did 2 English films.

Early life[link]

Dev was born Dharam Dev Pishorimal Anand on 26 September 1923 ^[4] in the Shakargarh tehsil of the Gurdaspur district in Punjab (British India) (present-day Narowal district of Pakistan). His father Pishori Lal Anand was a well-to-do advocate. Dev was the third of four sons born to Pishori Lal Anand. One of Dev's younger sister is Sheela Kanta Kapur, who is mother of Shekhar Kapur. His older brothers were Manmohan Anand (Advocate, Gurdaspur Dist. Court) and Chetan Anand and younger one was Vijay Anand. Dev Anand spent his early years in Gharota village near Gurdaspur, Gurdaspur town. He did his schooling till matriculation from Sacred Heart School, Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh (then in Punjab) and went to college Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh before going to Lahore to study.^[5][6] Later Dev completed his graduation in English Literature from the Government College, Lahore in British India.

Career[link]

After graduating in English Literature from the Government College, Lahore (then in British India, now in Pakistan), Anand left his hometown for Bombay in the early 1940s. He began his career in the military censor's office at Churchgate, for a monthly salary of Rs. 165. Later he joined as a clerk in an accountancy firm for a salary of Rs. 85.^[7] He joined his older brother, Chetan, as a member of the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA).Dev Anand aspired to become a performer after seeing Ashok Kumar's performance in films like Achhut Kanya and Kismat.^[8] Dev Anand quoted in an interview that "I remember when I gatecrashed into the office of the man who gave me the first break, he kept looking at me — Babu Rao Pai of Prabhat Film Studios. At that time he made up his mind that this boy deserves a break and later mentioned to his people that ‘this boy struck me because of his smile and beautiful eyes and his tremendous confidence."^[9] Then he was soon offered the lead role in Prabhat Films' Hum Ek Hain (1946), a film about Hindu-Muslim unity, where Dev Anand played a Hindu boy and was paired opposite Kamala Kotnis.^[10] While shooting the film in Pune, Anand befriended the actor Guru Dutt. Between them, they agreed that if one of them was to become successful in the film industry, they would help the other to be successful. They formed a mutual understanding that when Anand produced a film, Dutt would direct it and when Dutt directed a film, Anand would act in it.^[11]

Late 40s and romance with Suraiya[link]

Dev Anand and Nargis starred in Birha Ki Raat (1950).

In the late 1940s, Anand was offered a few roles starring as the male lead opposite singer-actress Suraiya in woman-oriented films. He considered himself to be lucky to get a chance to star opposite such an established actress and accepted the offers. While shooting these films, he became romantically involved with Suraiya. The two of them were paired in seven films together: Vidya (1948), Jeet (1949), Shair (1949), Afsar (1950), Nili (1950), Do Sitare (1951) and Sanam (1951), all of which were successful at the box office. In these films, Suraiya was always first-biller in the credits, indicating that she was a bigger star than Anand. She fell in love with him during the shooting of the song Kinare kinare chale jayen ge from the film Vidya—while shooting the scene, the boat they were in capsized, and Anand saved Suraiya from drowning. Their entire affair was conducted in a clandestine manner, with friends like Durga Khote and Kamini Kaushal going out of their way to engineer secret rendezvous. On the sets of the film Jeet, Anand finally proposed to Suraiya and gave her a diamond ring worth Rs 3,000. Her maternal grandmother opposed the relationship as they were Muslim and Anand was Hindu, and so, Suraiya remained unmarried. They stopped acting together after her grandmother opposed their partnership, and Do Sitare was the last film in which they appeared.^[12][13] Although the films he starred in with Suraiya had been successful, the producers and directors of those films attributed their success to the acting prowess and screen presence of Suraiya. Anand began looking for an opportunity to play the main male lead in a film where his acting skills could be demonstrated, so as to dispel scepticism about his acting abilities.

Break and the 1950s[link]

Anand was offered his first big break by Ashok Kumar. He spotted Anand hanging around in the studios and picked him as the hero for the Bombay Talkies production, Ziddi (1948), co-starring Kamini Kaushal, which became an instant success. After Ziddi's success, Anand decided that he would start producing films. It was in the film Ziddi, where the first-ever Kishore-Lata duet, Yeh Kaun Aaya Karke Yeh Sola Singhar, was recorded.^[14] This duet was an instant hit, and from here, on both the playback singers' association with Dev Anand began. It continued for next four decades. His association with Kishore Kumar started when the former sang the first solo of his playback singing career – Marne Ki Duayen – picturised on Dev Anand in the movie Ziddi. Dev had forged a very strong bond of friendship with Kishore Kumar during the making of the film. In 1949, he launched his own company Navketan Films (which means "newness"), which, as of 2011, had produced 35 films.^[15]

Dev chose Guru Dutt as director for the crime thriller, Baazi (1951). The film, starring Dev Anand, Geeta Bali and Kalpana Kartik was a trendsetter, regarded as the forerunner of the spate of urban crime films that followed in Bollywood in the 1950s. The film Baazi saw debut of Kalpana Kartik (aka Mona Singh) as the lead female actress and Guru Dutt as a director. The collaboration was a success at the box office and the duo of Dev Anand and Kalpana Kartik were offered many films to star in together. They signed all the film offers and subsequently the movies Aandhiyan, Taxi Driver, House No. 44 and Nau Do Gyarah went on to become big hits too. During the making of film Taxi Driver, the couple fell in love and Dev proposed marriage to his heroine Kalpana. In 1954, Taxi Driver was declared a hit and the two decided to marry in a quiet ceremony. The couple had a son, Suneil Anand in 1956 and later a daughter, Devina, was born. After her marriage, Kalpana decided not to pursue her acting career further. Nau Do Gyarah was the couple's last movie together.

A rapid-fire style of dialogue delivery and a penchant for nodding while speaking became Dev's style in films like House No. 44, Pocket Maar, Munimji, Funtoosh, C.I.D. and Paying Guest.^[16] In the 1950s his films were of the mystery genre or light comedy love stories or were films with social relevance like Ek ke baad ek and Funtoosh.His style was lapped up by the audience and was widely imitated. He starred in a string of box office successes for the remainder of the 1950s opposite newcomer Waheeda Rehman in C.I.D., Solva Saal, Kala Pani, Kala Bazar and Baat Ek Raat Ki. Waheeda first became a star with C.I.D becoming a hit.^[17] In 1955 he also co-starred with Dilip Kumar in Insaniyat. With his acting in Kala Pani (1958), as the son who is willing to go to any lengths to clear his framed father's name, he won his first Filmfare award for Best Actor for the film.^[18] He attempted films of tragic genre occasionally like Pocketmaar (1956), Kala Pani (1958), Bombai Ka Baboo (1960) and Sharabi (1964) and tasted success with them. Dev also played a few characters with a negative shade, like in Jaal(1952) where he played a smuggler, then as an absconding gang member in Dushman, as a black marketer in Kala Bazar.^[19] Apart from his pair with Suraiya and Kalpana Kartik, his pair with Nutan and Waheeda Rehman was popular among the audiences in late 50’s and 60’s. His films Rahee and Aandhiyaan, were screened along with Raj Kapoor's Awaara. From the early fifties till mid sixties, the trio of Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand ruled the roost.

Romance hero image in the 60s[link]

In the sixties, Dev Anand acquired a romantic image with films like Manzil and Tere Ghar Ke Samne with Nutan, Kinaare Kinaare with Meena Kumari, Maya with Mala Sinha, Asli-Naqli with Sadhana Shivdasani, Jab Pyar Kisise Hota Hai and Mahal with Asha Parekh and Teen Deviyaan opposite three heroines Kalpana, Simi Garewal and Nanda. In the film Teen Deviyaan, Dev Anand played a playboy.

His first colour film, Guide with Waheeda Rehman was based on the novel of the same name by R. K. Narayan. Dev Anand himself was the impetus for making the film version of the book. He met and persuaded Narayan to give his assent to the project.^[20] Dev Anand tapped his friends in Hollywood to launch an Indo-US co-production that was shot in Hindi and English simultaneously and was released in 1965. Guide, directed by younger brother Vijay Anand, was an acclaimed movie. Dev played Raju, a voluble guide, who supports Rosy (Waheeda) in her bid for freedom. He is not above thoughtlessly exploiting her for personal gains. Combining style with substance, he gave an affecting performance as a man grappling with his emotions in his passage through love, shame and salvation.

He reunited with Vijay Anand for the movie Jewel Thief, based on thriller genre which featured Vaijayantimala, Tanuja, Anju Mahendru, Faryal and Helen. Their next collaboration, Johny Mera Naam (1970), again a thriller, where Dev was paired opposite Hema Malini was a big hit.^[17] It was Johnny Mera Naam which made Hema Malini a big star.^[21]

Directorial debut and the 70s[link]

His directorial debut, the espionage drama Prem Pujari, was a flop but has developed a cult following over the years. He tasted success with his 1971 directorial effort, Hare Rama Hare Krishna which talked about the prevalent hippie culture. His find Zeenat Aman, who played the mini-skirt sporting, pot-smoking Janice, became an overnight sensation. Dev also became known as a filmmaker of trenchantly topical themes. This same year, he starred with Mumtaz in Tere Mere Sapne, an adaptation of A. J. Cronin's novel, The Citadel. The film was directed by Dev's brother, Vijay and was also successful.

In the 1970s, Raj Kapoor started playing roles of father in films like Kal Aaj Aur Kal in 1971 and Dharam Karam in 1974 and had put lot of weight and films with Dilip Kumar as lead hero were failures at the box office . Some of the hurriedly-made films with Dev Anand as the leading man—three each opposite Hema Malini and Zeenat Aman and Yeh Gulistaan Hamara with Sharmila Tagore became flops and posed a threat to his career as leading man. But he delivered commercial hits again with young heroines Yogita Bali and Rakhee in Banarasi Babu (1973), Hema Malini in Chhupa Rustam (1973) and Amir Garib (1974),^[22] Zeenat Aman in Heera Panna(1973), Warrant(1975)^[23] and Darling Darling(1977) and Parveen Babi in Bullet(1976). The presence of his discoveries in the 1970s—Zeenat, and later Tina Munim, in films and his good onscreen chemistry with beautiful young stars like Rakhee, Parveen Babi, Hema Malini, Zeenat Aman in various films boosted Dev's image as the evergreen star even though he was well into his fifties.

Political activism during the Emergency in the late 70s[link]

Dev Anand has also been politically active. He led a group of film personalities who stood up against the Internal Emergency imposed by the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. He actively campaigned against her with his supporters in Indian parliamentary elections in 1977. He also formed a party called the "National Party of India", which he later disbanded.

The 1978 hit Des Pardes, directed by Dev Anand was the debut movie of actress Tina Munim and this film’s success gave him the tag of evergreen hero. He was 55 but he shared very good chemistry with the 20 year old Tina Munim. Dev Anand was offered lead role in Man Pasand by director Basu Chatterjee. Dev Anand’s successful run at the box office continued in the 1980s with Man Pasand, Lootmaar (both opposite Tina Munim), Swami Dada (1982) being both critically acclaimed and box office hits.

Later career[link]

Felicitation of Dev Anand by the Indo-American Society

Though Dev Anand’s demand as the lead hero had not decreased even in the 1980s, he decided that it was the right time to introduce his son Suneil Anand in films as the hero. He launched his son in the Kramer vs. Kramer inspired Anand Aur Anand (1984), which was produced and directed by Dev Anand himself and had music by R. D. Burman. He expected the film to do well but the film was a box office disaster and Suneil Anand decided not to act in films any more.

But films with Dev Anand as the lead hero Hum Naujawan (1985), Lashkar (1989) continued to be box office success and was appreciated by critics.^[24] Awwal Number (1990), where Dev Anand co-starred with Aamir Khan became an average grosser. Aamir said in an interview that Awwal Number is the only film he signed without reading the script because it was being directed by his senior Dev Anand. Aamir quoted “Dev saab was an icon for many generations and entertained us throughout his life.^[25] He was already 60 years old in 1983 when he acted with Padmini Kolhapure in Swami Dada but looked half his age and shared a good on screen chemistry. In 1989, his directorial venture Sachche ka Bolbala was released. Though critically acclaimed, it was a commercial failure.

Since the 1990s except for Awwal Number, rest of the eight films directed by him were box office failures. But Sau Crore (1991) and Censor (2000) were critically acclaimed. His last film Chargesheet (2011) was panned by critics across the board. The only two hero film he acted in were Insaniyat in 1955 with Dilip Kumar and Return of Jewel Thief with Dharmendra in 1996. He also starred in English films like The Evil Within(1970) where he was paired opposite Vietnamese actress Kieu Chinh and Zeenat Aman^[7] and Guide (English Version). Off the 114 Hindi films he appeared in 6 decades, Kahin Aur Chal (1968) and multistarrer film Ek Do Teen Chaar (1980) remained unreleased and Shrimanji (1968) had him in guest appearance and 82 were box office hits and 29 were commercial failures. By 2011, he held the record for being the first actor from Hindi films who has played the central solo lead character in maximum films—109.

Comparisons with Gregory Peck[link]

Often compared to the famous actor Gregory Peck the world over,^[26] Dev Anand said that he didn't feel ecstatic bearing the tag line bestowed on him in his hey days. "When you are at an impressionable age you make idols. But when you grow out of the phase, you develop your own persona. I don't want to be known as India's Gregory Peck, I am Dev Anand".^[27]

Acquainted to the Bollywood actor, Peck's personal interactions with him spanned four to five long meetings in Europe and Mumbai.^[27][28][29]

Dev Anand and Suraiya met Peck for the first time at Mumbai's Willingdon Club,after the Filmfare Awards in 1954, on Peck's stopover in the city from a schedule at Sri Lanka after shooting for Purple Plane. He knew of the 'Indian Star' as an actor, more so probably because of his romance with Suraiya was grabbing the headlines, and they had a chat. The second time they met in Rome when Dev Anand was on his way back from the Venice Film Festival, he visited him on the sets of Roman Holiday. "I was returning from the Venice film fest. I stopped my car and joined the crowd watching the shoot, hoping that his eyes would fall on me. As expected, he nodded and I walked up to him. He remembered me and we exchanged pleasantries." The third meeting was at London on the sets of Moby Dick. However, Suraiya asked for an exclusive meeting with her idol at her house. Though Anand says jealousy was natural for anyone in love, he didn't mind that he was not invited. "I didn't quite feel anything. It wasn't as if they were going to fall in love or make love. Even if they would have, it wouldn't have mattered. I was mature enough. Moreover, he wasn't my rival. I too was a big star by then," says Anand.

Critical appraisal[link]

Dev Anand has directed 19 films and produced 35 films of which 7 directorial ventures and 18 films respectively were commercially successful at the box office. He wrote the story for 13 of his films. Critics say his directorial ventures have always been ahead of its time. Dev Anand's films are well known for their hit songs. He is known to have been an active participant in the music sessions of a number of his films. His association with music composers Shankar-Jaikishen, O. P. Nayyar, Kalyanji-Anandji, Sachin Dev Burman and his son Rahul Dev Burman, lyricists Hasrat Jaipuri, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Neeraj, Shailendra, Anand Bakshi, and playback singers Mohammad Rafi, Hemant Kumar and Kishore Kumar produced some very popular songs. S.D Burman, R.D Burman, Rafi, Pran and Kishore Kumar were his closest friends from film industry.^[30][31]

In September 2007, Dev's own autobiography Romancing with Life was released at a birthday party with the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.^[32] In February 2011, his 1961 black and white film Hum Dono was digitised and colourised and released.

Dev Anand is credited with giving actors like Zarina Wahab in Ishq Ishq Ishq, Jackie Shroff in Swami Dada, Tabu in Hum Naujawan and Richa Sharma(Sanjay Dutt’s first wife) a break into the film industry, discovered Zeenat Amaan, Tina Munim and encouraging music composer Rajesh Roshan.^[7] Amit Khanna started his career with Navketan as executive producer in 1971 and had been secretary to Dev Anand in 70's. He adds, "The uniqueness of Navketan today is that it's the only film company in the world still run by the one who started it."^[33] Shatrughan Sinha disclosed in an interview that it was Dev Anand who gave him a break in films by giving a role in 'Prem Pujari' and since Dev had given Sinha a very small role in that film, he compensated for it by giving Sinha another role in his next film 'Gambler'. Sinha quoted "Later on we worked together in 'Sharif Badmash' and it was really a privilege to work with him,".^[34] It was under Dev Anand's Navketan Banner where Guru Dutt, Raj Khosla, Waheeda Rahman, S.D. Burman, Jaidev, Sahir Ludhianvi, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Yash Johar, Shekhar Kapoor, Kabir Bedi were given breaks into Hindi films and Dev launched actors Zaheera, Zaheeda Hussain, Zarina Wahab, Natasha Sinha, Ekta Sohini, Sabrina.

Death[link]

Dev Anand died in his room at The Washington Mayfair Hotel in London at the age of 88 on 3 December 2011 (4 December 2011 by Indian Standard Time) of a cardiac arrest.^[35][36][37] His death came just months after the release of his last film, Charge Sheet.^[38] Anand was reportedly in London for a medical check up at the time of his death.^[39] Condolences poured in from all corners of the Indian film industry, with most of them remembering his positive attitude towards life.^[38][40] On 10 December, his funeral service was held at a small chapel in London after which his casket was taken to the Putney Vale Crematorium in West London for cremation. His ashes were returned to India for immersion burial in the Godavari river.^[41]

Awards, honors and recognitions[link]

Civilian Honors[link]

• 2001 – Padma Bhushan (India's third highest civilian award from the Government of India)^[42]

National Film Awards[link]

• 2002 – Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award for cinematic excellence^[43]

Filmfare Awards[link]

• 1959 - Winner Best Actor for Kalapani ^[44]
• 1967 - Winner Best Film for Guide ^[45]
• 1967 - Winner Best Actor for Guide ^[45]
• 1991 - Winner Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award ^[46]

National honors and recognitions[link]

• 1996 – Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award
• 1997 – Mumbai Academy of Moving Images Award for his Outstanding Services to the Indian Film Industry
• 1998 – Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ujala Anandlok Film Awards Committee in Calcutta^[47]
• 1999 – Sansui Lifetime Achievement Award for his 'Immense Contribution to Indian Cinema' in New Delhi^[48]
• 2000 – Film Goers' Mega Movie Maestro of the Millennium Award in Mumbai^[49]
• 2001 – Special Screen Award for his contribution to Indian cinema
• 2001 – Evergreen Star of the Millennium Award at the Zee Gold Bollywood Awards on 28 April 2001 at the Nassau Coliseum, New York^[50]

• 2003 – Lifetime Achievement Award for "Outstanding Achievement in Indian Cinema" at IIFA Award in Johannesburg, South Africa ^[51]
• 2004 – Legend of Indian Cinema Award at Atlantic City (United States) ^[52]
• 2004 – Living Legend Award by the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) in recognition of his contribution to the Indian entertainment industry^[53]
• 2005 – Sony Golden Glory Award^[54]
• 2006 – ANR Award by the Akkineni International Foundation^[55]
• 2006 – Glory of India Award by IIAF, London^[56]
• 2007 – Punjab Ratan (Jewel of Punjab) Award by the World Punjabi Organisation (European Division) for his outstanding contribution in the field of art and entertainment.^[57]
• 2008 – Lifetime Achievement Award by Ramya Cultural Academy in association with Vinmusiclub^[58]
• 2008 – Lifetime Achievement Award by Rotary Club of Bombay^[59]
• 2008 – Awarded at the IIJS Solitaire Awards^[60]
• 2009 – Outstanding contribution to Indian cinema at the Max Stardust Awards^[61]
• 2009 – Legend Award was given to Dev Anand by Rajnikanth^[62]
• 2010 – Phalke Ratna Award by Dadasaheb Phalke Academy^[63]
• 2010 – Rashtriya Gaurav Award^[64]
• 2011 – Rashtriya Kishore Kumar Samman from the Government of Madhya Pradesh^[65]
• 2011 – NDTV Indian of the Year's Lifetime Achievement Award with Rahul Dravid^[66]

International honors and recognitions[link]

• In July 2000, in New York City, he was honoured by an Award at the hands of the then First Lady of the United States of America, Hillary Rodham Clinton, for his 'Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema'.^[67]
• In 2000, he was awarded the Indo-American Association "Star of the Millennium" Award in the Silicon Valley, California.
• Donna Ferrar, Member New York State Assembly, honoured him with a "New York State Assembly Citation" for his 'Outstanding Contribution to the Cinematic Arts Worthy of the Esteem and Gratitude of the Great State of New York' on 1 May 2001.
• In 2005, he was honoured with a "Special National Film Award" by the Government of Nepal at Nepal’s first NationIndian film festival in Stockholm.
• In 2008, he was guest of honour at a dinner hosted by the Provost of Highland Council in Inverness, Scotland to celebrate 10 years since he first worked in the Scottish Highlands. He spent several days in the area, en route to Cannes, as a guest of the Highlands and Islands Film Commission.

Filmography[link]

Further reading[link]

• Cinema Modern: Navketan Story, by Sidharth Bhatia. Harpercollins, 2011. ISBN 978-93-5029-096-5.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dev Anand

• RIP Dev Anand – Bollywood Mourns Dev Anand’s Death
• Dev Anand at the Internet Movie Database
• Dev Anand on Twitter
• List of Dev Anand songs
• Dev Anand at Find a Grave
• The Telegraph - Dev Anand Bio and Obituary

Nalini Jaywant
Born	(1926-02-18)18 February 1926 Bombay, British India
Died	20 December 2010(2010-12-20) (aged 84) Mumbai, India
Occupation	Actress

Nalini Jaywant (18 February 1926 – 20 December 2010) was an Indian movie actress from Bollywood in the 1940s and 1950s.

Personal life and education[link]

Jaywant was born in Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1926. She is first cousin to actress Shobhna Samarth, the mother of actresses Nutan and Tanuja.^[1] Since 1983, she has been living mostly a reclusive life.^[2]

She was married to director Virendra Desai in the 1940s. Later, she married her second husband, actor Prabhu Dayal, with whom she acted in several movies.^[3]

Nalini Jaywant died on 20 December 2010, aged 84, at her bungalow of 60 years at Union Park, Chembur, Mumbai.

Career[link]

In her teens, appeared in Mehboob Khan's Bahen (1941), a film about a brother's obsessive love for his sister. The movie had strong shades of incest. She performed in a few more movies before filming Anokha Pyaar (1948). In 1950, she garnered fame when she became a top star with her performances opposite Ashok Kumar in Samadhi and Sangram. Samadhi was a patriotic drama concerning Subash Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army. Although the leading movie magazine of the day, Film India, called it "politically obsolete", it enjoyed success at the box office. Sangram was a crime drama in which Nalini played the heroine reforming the anti-hero. She and Ashok Kumar performed together in other films, such as Jalpari (1952), Kafila (1952), Naubahar (1952), Saloni (1952), Lakeeren (1954), Naaz (1954), Mr. X (1957), Sheroo (1957) and Toofan Mein Pyar Kahan (1963).

Nalini remained an important leading actress through the mid-1950s, appearing in such films as Rahi (1953), Shikast (1953), Railway Platform (1955)), Nastik (1954), Munimji (1955), and Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956). The 1958 film, Kaala Pani, directed by Raj Khosla, was Nalini's last successful movie, for which she won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award. Bombay Race Course (1965) was the last film she made, aside from a 1983 film appearance.

Selected filmography[link]

• Nastik (1983)
• Bombay Race Course (1965)
• Toofaan Mein Pyar Kahan (1963)
• Girls Hostel (1963)
• Zindagi Aur Hum (1962)
• Senapati (1961)
• Amar Rahe Ye Pyar(1961)
• Mukti(1960)
• Maa Ke Aansu(1959)
• Kaala Pani (1958)
• Milan (1958)
• Sheroo (1957)
• Mr. X (1957)
• Neelmani (1957)
• Miss Bombay (1957)
• Kitna Badal Gaya Insaan (1957)
• Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956)
• Durgesh Nandini (1956)
• Awaaz (1956)
• Insaaf (1956)
• Fifty Fifty^{[disambiguation needed ]} (1956)
• Aan Baan (1956)
• 26 January 1950 (1956)
• Railway Platform (1955)
• Munimjee (1955)
• Rajkanya (1955)
• Chingari (1955)
• Nastik (1954)
• Kavi (1954)
• Baap Beti (1954)
• Naaz (1954)
• Lakirein (1954)
• Mehbooba (1954)
• Shikast (1953)
• Rahi (1953)
• Jalpari (1952)
• Saloni (1952)
• Kafila (1952)
• Naubahaar (1952)
• Do Raah (1952)
• Naujawan (1951)
• Jaadu (1951)
• Ek Nazar (1951)
• Nandkishor (1951)
• Sangram (1950)
• Samadhi (1950)
• Muqaddar (1950)
• Aankhen (1950)
• Anokha Pyaar (1948)
• Gunjan (1948)
• Adaab Arz (1943)
• Aankh Michauli(1942)
• Radhika (1941)
• Nirdosh (1941)
• Bahen (1941)

References[link]

1. ^ Rediff On The NeT, Movies: Down memory lane with Shobhana Samarth
2. ^ Nalini Jaywant profile
3. ^ The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Ludhiana Stories

External links[link]

• Nalini Jaywant at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Bollywood (Hindi cinema) Directors · Actors · Playback singers · Music Directors · Songs · Bibliography Hindi films A–Z—Highest-grossing Films by year: 1930s · 1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 · 1948 · 1949 · 1950 · 1951 · 1952 · 1953 · 1954 · 1955 · 1956 · 1957 · 1958 · 1959 · 1960 · 1961 · 1962 · 1963 · 1964 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 1968 · 1969 · 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 · 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979 · 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 · 2010 · 2011 · 2012

Sachin Dev Burman (1 October 1906 - 31 October 1975), also credited as Burman da, Kumar Sachindra Dev Barman, Sachin karta or S. D. Burman, was one of the most famous music composers for Hindi movies and a Bengali singer and composer. His son Rahul Dev Burman also achieved great success as a Bollywood music director in his own right. S D Burman composed music for 100 movies, including Bengali films.

S.D. Burman's compositions have been mainly sung to a large extent by the likes of Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammad Rafi, Geeta Dutt, Manna Dey, Kishore Kumar, Hemant Kumar, Asha Bhonsle and Shamshad Begum. Mukesh and Talat Mahmood have also sung songs composed by him. He also sang about 20 film songs (inclusive of Bengali films) for which he composed music though he may not have been the music director of the films.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

S. D. Burman was born on 1 October 1906, in Comilla, British India, now in Bangladesh, to Rajkumari Nirmala Devi, princess of Manipur and Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman, the only son of 'Ishanachandra Dev Burman', Raja of Tripura, (r. 1849-1862).His father hailed from the royal family of Tripura while his mother hailed from the royal family of Manipur.Sachin was the youngest of the five sons, of his parents, who had nine children in all.

He did his B.A. from Calcutta University^[1] He started his formal music education by training under the famous musician K. C. Dey from 1925 to 1930; thereafter in 1932 he came under the tutelage of Bhismadev Chattopadhaya, who was only three years his senior. This was followed by training from Kahifa Badal Khan, Sarangi player, and Ustad Allauddin Khan.^[2] Eventually he got K.C. Dey, Ustad Badal Khan and Allauddi Khan into Agartala, noted Bengal poet laureate, Kazi Nazrul Islam also spent time in their family home, Comilla House, in Agartala and Comilla.

1930s[link]

He started working as a radio singer on Calcutta Radio Station in 1932, where his early work was based on Bengali folk-music, and soon made a reputation for himself in folk and light classical music, consequently his film compositions were often influenced by his huge repertory of folk-tunes from the Bengali, Bhatiali, Sari and Dhamail folk traditions of Bangladesh.His music also bore heavy influences of Rabindra sangeet and Nazrul Geeti.In the same year, his first record was also released (Hindustan Musical Product), with "Khamaj" semi classical, E Pathery Aaj Eso Priyo on one side and the folk Dakle Kokil Roj Bihane on the reverse side" on 78 rpm for Hindustan Records.^[3] In the following decade he reached his peak as a singer, cutting as many as 131 songs in Bengali, and also sang for composers like Himangsu Dutta, RC Boral, Nazrul Islam and Sailesh Das Gupta.^[4]

In 1934, he attended the All India Music Conference, at the invitation of Allahabad University, where he presented his Bengali Thumri, all to an illustrious audience, with the likes of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and the inimitable Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana. Later in the year, he was invited to Bengal Music Conference, Kolkata, which was inaugurated by Rabindranath Tagore, here again he sang his thumri, and was awarded a Gold Medal.^[4]

He built a house, in Southend Park, Ballygunge, Kolkata, and in 1937, at the All India Music Conference, Allahabad, he met a music student at Rabindranath Tagore’s Shantiniketan, Meera Dasgupta (1923–2007), the granddaughter of Justice Raibahadur Kamalnath Dasgupta from Dhaka; soon she became his student and they married on 10 February 1938 in Calcutta,^[5][6] though according to some,having married a non-royal, created a furor within the royal family, and subsequently he severed his ties with the family, and forfeited his inheritance.^[7][8]According to some others,S.D.Burman severed his ties with the royal family cause he was frustrated with the treatment meted out to his father and his brothers by the royal family of Tripura.The couple's only child, Rahul Dev Burman was born in 1939, and later, both Meera Devi and Rahul assisted, S.D. Burman with some of the musical compositions.^[9][10] S D Burman also did a singing role in Urdu film Selima (1934) and another role in Dhiren Ganguli's film, Bidrohi (1935)^[2]

As a music composer, he started with Bengali plays, Sati Tirtha and Janani, and eventually gave his first score in film, Rajgee in 1937, his second film Rajkumarer Nirbashan (1940) became a hit, there was no turning back after that. He gave successful music in Bengali films like, Jevaan Sangini, Protishodh (1941), Abhoyer Biye (1942), and Chaddobeshi (1944), he continued giving music in Bengali cinema, even after he moved to Mumbai in 1944, and started the second inning of his musical career, giving music for over 17 Bengali films in the all.^[4]

He made his film debut singing in Yahudi ki Ladki (1933) but the songs were scrapped and re-sung by Pahari Sanyal. His first film as a singer was finally Sanjher Pidim (1935).

1940s[link]

In 1944, he moved to Mumbai, at the request of Sasadhar Mukherjee of Filmistan, who asked him to give score for two Ashok Kumar starrers, Shikari (1946) and Aath Din,^[11] but his first major breakthrough came the following year with the company's Do Bhai (1947). The song Mera Sundar Sapna Beet Gaya sung by Geeta Dutt was her breakthrough song into the film industry. In 1949, came Shabnam, his biggest hit yet with Filmistan, especially noticeable for its multi-lingual hit song Yeh Duniya Roop ki Chor, by Shamshad Begum, which became a rage in those days^[12]

1950s[link]

Disillusioned with the materialism of Mumbai, S D Burman left the Ashok Kumar starrer Mashaal (1950) incomplete and decided to board the first train back to Calcutta. Fortunately, he was dissuaded from doing so.

In 1950s, S D Burman teamed up with Dev Anand's Nav Ketan Productions to create musical hits like Taxi Driver, Nau do Gyarah (1957) and Kala Paani(1958). In addition, he gave music for Munimji (1955) and Paying Guest (1957). The songs sung by Mohammad Rafi and Kishore Kumar became popular. Burman da composed the music for Dev Anand's production company Navketan's first film Afsar (1950). With the success of their second film, Baazi (1951) he made it to the top and a long association with Navketan and Dev Anand was on its way. "Baazi"'s jazzy musical score revealed a new facet of singer Geeta Dutt, who was mainly known for melancholy songs and bhajans. While every song in the film was a hit, one stood out for special appeal - "Tadbir se Bigdi Hui Taqdeer", a ghazal that was occidentalized into a seductive song.The 'jaal' song 'Yeh raat Yeh chandni' by Hemant Kumar is an all time great classic.

He also wrote music for the Guru Dutt classics - Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959). The soundtrack of Devdas (1955) was also composed by him. House No. 44 (1955), Funtoosh (1956), and Solva Saal (1958) were other S D Burman hits. In 1959 came Sujata, a masterpiece by Bimal Roy, and S D created magic again with "Jalte hai jiske liye" by Talat Mamood. When Guru Dutt made comparatively light-weight films like Baazi and Jaal (1952), Burmanda reflected their mood with compositions like Suno Gajar Kya Gaye or De Bhi Chuke Hum and when Guru Dutt made his somber masterpieces - Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz ke Phool (1959), he was right on target with Jinhe Naaz Hai Hind and Waqt ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam. In 2004, the soundtrack for Pyaasa was chosen as one of "The Best Music in Film" by Sight & Sound, the British Film Institute magazine.^[13]

In 1957, S D Burman fell out with Lata Mangeshkar and adopted her younger sister Asha Bhosle as his lead female singer. The team of S D Burman, Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle and lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri became popular for their duet songs. Thus, he was responsible along with O.P. Nayyar for shaping Asha Bhosle as a singer of repute, who became his daughter-in-law after she married Rahul Dev Burman.

In 1958, S D Burman gave music for Kishore Kumar's house production Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, the same year he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Music direction of Lajwanti and remains the only music director to have won the prestigious award.^[14]

1960s[link]

Early on in his career, he refused to allow his voice be lip-synced on film by actors,^[4] as a result, even later on, in Hindi cinema, his thin yet powerful voice was often used as bardic commentary to haunting results, as in Ore Majhi Mere Sajan Hai Us Paar Bandini (1963), Wahaan Kaun hai Tera from "Guide" (1965) and finally Safal Hogi Teri Aradhana from Aradhana (1969),^[15] for which he received the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the year, 1970 .

Ill health caused a slump in his career in the early 1960s but he gave many hit films in late 1960s. In 1961, S D Burman and Lata Mangeshkar came together during the recording of R D Burman's first song for the movie Chhote Nawab (1961). They reconciled their differences and started working again in 1962.

The Dev Anand-S D Burman partnership, under Navketan banner, continued to churn out musical hits like Bombai Ka Baboo (1960), Tere Ghar Ke Samne (1963), Teen Devian (1965), Guide (1965) and Jewel Thief (1967). In 1963, he composed songs for Meri Surat Teri Aankhen and Manna Dey sang the song "Poocho Na Kaise Maine" in raga Ahir Bhairav. This song is based on a Bengali composition by Kazi Nazrul Islam, Aruno-kaanti ke go jogi bhikaari, based on raga bhairavi (morning raga)^{[citation needed]}.

Other S D Burman hits from this period were Bandini (1963) and Ziddi (1964). In Bandini, Sampooran Singh (well known as Gulzar), made his debut as a lyricist with the song "Mora Gora Ang lai le, mohe shaam rang daai de", although other songs were written by Shailendra. Guide (1965) starring Dev Anand, was probably the best^{[citation needed]} of his work during the time with all the songs super hit as well as the film; but unfortunately it did not receive the Filmfare award in best music director category for that year, which remained always a discussion among the Bollywood film pandits.

Aradhana (1969) is considered a landmark score in the Bollywood history. The music of the movie shaped the careers of singer Kishore Kumar, lyricist Anand Bakshi, filmmaker Shakti Samanta and R D Burman (associate music director). For the song "Mere Sapno ki raani", Sachin Dev made R.D play the mouth organ^{[citation needed]}.Dev Anand and S D Burman continued their musical partnership in Prem Pujari (1969).

S D Burman was a frank and outspoken man, with a strong sense of self-pride. He openly criticized people whom he disliked or whose abilities he suspected (like the singer Mukesh).^{[citation needed]} But he was widely respected by the industry as a cranky genius.There was a time when Lata Mangeshkar refused to sing duets with Mohammad Rafi due to a dispute arising from sharing of royalty, and it was at the insistence of S. D. Burman, the two decided to reconcile, and again sing duets together.

1970s[link]

Tere Mere Sapne (1971), Sharmilee (1971), Abhimaan (1973), Prem Nagar (1974), Sagina (1974), Chupke Chupke (1975), and Mili (1975) are other classics from this period.

S D Burman went into coma soon after recording the song Badi sooni sooni (sung by Kishore Kumar) for the film Mili. He died on 31 October 1975 in Mumbai Mumbai.

On 1 October 2007, marking his 101st birth anniversary, India postal department released a commemorative postage stamp, in Agartala, where an exhibition on his life and work was also inaugurated; the state government of Tripura, also confers the yearly, 'Sachin Dev Burman Memorial Award' in Music^[16][17]

Cultural references[link]

British singer of South Asian heritage, Najma Akhtar, recorded a Shanachie Records CD of Burman's work, Forbidden Kiss: The Music of S.D. Burman, an album of covers of Burman compositions.

The legendary Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar was named after the composer by Sachin's grandfather, who was an ardent fan of Burman.

The singer and mimicry artist Sudesh Bhonsle frequently parodies the nasal high-pitched voice and quixotic singing style of S. D. Burman.

Burman paired with tabla maestro late Brajen Biswas for his Bengali songs. The beats or 'thekas' created by Brajen Babu for these songs are unique and no one in the world can sing these songs in the original 'thekas'. All the thekas are according to the mood of the songs. But recently, painter, sculptor and singer Ramita Bhaduri sang the tough songs of Burman like 'Ami chhinu aka', 'Rangeela', 'Aankhi duti jhare' etc. in the original theka on the taleem of Brajen Biswas. The CD from 'Raga Music' (Symphony) was released at Kolkata Press Club. The CDs are available in M. Biswas & Symphony.

Filmography[link]

• Rajgee (1937)
• Jakher Dhan (1939)
• Jevaan Sangini (1940)
• Protishodh (1941)
• Abhoyer Biye (1942)
• Chaddobeshi (1944)
• Shikari (1945)
• Aath Din (1946)
• Chittor Vijay (1947)
• Dil Ki Rani (1947)
• Do Bhai (1947)
• Vidya (1948)
• Kamal (1949)
• Shabnam (1949)
• Afsar (1950)
• Mashal (1950)
• Pyar (1950)
• Baazi (1951)
• Bahar (1951)
• Buzdil (1951)
• Ek Nazar (1951)
• Naujawan (1951)
• Sazaa (1951)
• Jaal (1952)
• Lal Kunwar (1952)
• Arman (1953)
• Babla (1953)
• Jeevan Jyoti (1953)
• Shahenshah (1953)
• Baaz (1953)
• Angarey (1954)
• Chalis Baba Ek Chor (1954)
• Radha Krishna (1954)
• Taxi Driver (1954)
• Munimji (1955)
• Devdas (1955)
• House No. 44 (1955)
• Madh Bhare Nain (1955)
• Society (1955)
• Funtoosh (1956)
• Miss India (1957)
• Nau Do Gyarah 1957)
• Paying Guest (1957)
• Pyaasa (1957)
• Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958)
• Kala Pani (1958)
• Solva Saal (1958)
• Lajwanti (1958)
• Sitaron Se Aage (1958)
• Insan Jaag Utha (1959)
• Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959)
• Sujata (1959)
• Apna Haath Jagannath (1960)
• Bewaqoof (1960)
• Kala Bazar (1960)
• Bambai Ka Babu (1960)
• Ek Ke Baad Ek (1960)
• Manzil (film) (1960)
• Miya Biwi Raazi (1960)
• Baat Ek Raat Ki (1962)
• Dr. Vidya (1962)
• Naughty Boy (1962)
• Tere Ghar Ke Samne (1963)
• Bandini (1963)
• Meri Surat Teri Ankhen (1963)
• Benazir (1964)
• Kaise Kahun (1964)
• Ziddi (1964)
• Guide (1965)
• Teen Deviyan (1965)
• Jewel Thief (1967)
• Aradhana (1969)
• Talash (1969)
• Jyoti (1969)
• Prem Pujari (1970)
• Ishq Par Zor Nahin (1970)
• Gambler (1971)
• Sharmilee (1971)
• Naya Zamana (1971)
• Tere Mere Sapne (1971)
• Anuraag (1972)
• Ye Gulistan Hamara (1972)
• Zindagi Zindagi (1972)
• Phagun (1973)
• Jugnu (1973)
• Chhupa Rustam (1973)
• Abhimaan (1973)
• Prem Nagar (1974)
• Us Paar (1974)
• Sagina (1974)
• Chupke Chupke (1975)
• Mili (1975)
• Barood (1976)
• Arjun Pandit (1976)
• Deewangi (1976)
• Tyag (1977)

Awards and recognitions[link]

• 1934: Gold Medal, Bengal All India Music Conference, Kolkata 1934
• 1958: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
• 1958: Asia Film Society Award
• National Film Awards
  • 1970: National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer: Aradhana: Safal Hogi Teri Aradhana
  • 1974: National Film Award for Best Music Direction: Zindagi Zindagi
• 1969: Padma Shri
• International Jury on Folk Music
• Filmfare Awards
  • 1954: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Taxi Driver
  • 1973: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Abhimaan
  • 1959: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Sujata: Nomination
  • 1965: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Guide: Nomination
  • 1969: Filmfare Best Music Director Award : Aradhana: Nomination
  • 1970: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Talaash: Nomination
  • 1974: Filmfare Best Music Director Award: Prem Nagar : Nomination
• BFJA Awards
  • 1965: Best Music (Hindi Section): Teen Devian
  • 1966: Best Music (Hindi Section): Guide
  • 1966: Best Male Playback Singer (Hindi Section): Guide
  • 1969: Best Music (Hindi Section): Aradhana
  • 1973: Best Music (Hindi Section): Abhimaan

Notes[link]

[1]

References[link]

• "Sachin Karta", by Pannalal Roy. Parul Prakashani, Agartala. 2005.
• The Hundred Luminaries of Hindi Cinema, by Dinesh Raheja, Jitendra Kothari. India Book House Publishers, 1996. ISBN 81-7508-007-8, page 1919.

External links[link]

• Sachin Dev Burman at the Internet Movie Database
• A website dedicated to Sachin Dev Burman
• Another website dedicated to Sachin Dev Burman
• Best of Sachin Dev Burman compositions
• S. D. Burman songs