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- The Early Middle Ages, 284--1000 With Paul Freedman
- Yale University's Lectures: The Early Middle Ages, 284-1000
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Middle Ages
Cast
- Peter Riegert
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- Season 1
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Episode 1: The Pig in the Python
USA:10 September 1992...
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Episode 3: Night Moves
USA:17 September 1992...
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Episode 5: Murmur of the Heart
USA:1 October 1992...
- Season
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Episode : Pygmalian in the Python
USA:10 September 1992...
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Episode : Forever Young
USA:24 September 1992...
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Episode : Women in Love
USA:3 September 1992...
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Children of the Middle Ages HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:11
- Updated: 25 Aug 2013
Medievalist Dr Stephen Baxter takes a fresh look at the Middle Ages through the eyes of children. At a time when half the population was under 18, he argues that although they had to grow up quickly and take on adult responsibility early, the experience of childhood could also be richly rewarding. Focusing on the three pillars of medieval society - religion, war and work - Baxter reveals how children played a vital role in creating the medieval world.
http://wn.com/Children_of_the_Middle_Ages_HD
Medievalist Dr Stephen Baxter takes a fresh look at the Middle Ages through the eyes of children. At a time when half the population was under 18, he argues that although they had to grow up quickly and take on adult responsibility early, the experience of childhood could also be richly rewarding. Focusing on the three pillars of medieval society - religion, war and work - Baxter reveals how children played a vital role in creating the medieval world.
Middle Age Monarchs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:45
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
The Middle Ages is a period of European history that lasted from the 5th until the 15th centuries. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, an...
http://wn.com/Middle_Age_Monarchs
The Middle Ages is a period of European history that lasted from the 5th until the 15th centuries. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, an...
- published: 24 Feb 2013
- views: 20512
- author: Darelle Lubit
The Dark Ages...How Dark Were They, Really?: Crash Course World History #14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:08
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
John Green teaches you about the so-called Dark Ages, which it turns out weren't as uniformly dark as you may have been led to believe. While Europe was inde...
http://wn.com/The_Dark_AgesHow_Dark_Were_They,_Really?_Crash_Course_World_History_14
John Green teaches you about the so-called Dark Ages, which it turns out weren't as uniformly dark as you may have been led to believe. While Europe was inde...
- published: 26 Apr 2012
- views: 789341
- author: crashcourse
The Dark Ages documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:45
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
DISCLAIMER: THIS VIDEO HAS BEEN POSTED FOR ENTERTAINMENT AND/OR EDUCATIONAL VALUE ONLY!
http://wn.com/The_Dark_Ages_documentary
DISCLAIMER: THIS VIDEO HAS BEEN POSTED FOR ENTERTAINMENT AND/OR EDUCATIONAL VALUE ONLY!
- published: 04 Dec 2012
- views: 4931
- author: katy665412
Medieval Mind - Sex 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:42
- Updated: 13 Jul 2013
1 of 6 "One of the world's greatest authorities on the Middle Ages, Professor Robert Bartlett of St Andrew's University, investigates the intellectual landsc...
http://wn.com/Medieval_Mind_Sex_1
1 of 6 "One of the world's greatest authorities on the Middle Ages, Professor Robert Bartlett of St Andrew's University, investigates the intellectual landsc...
- published: 29 Dec 2009
- views: 96811
- author: EvolvedAtheist
Terry Jones' Medieval Lives - S1 Ep 1 - The Peasant
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:12
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
The stereotype of the medieval peasant is a toothless, filthy, ignorant wretch. Or were they? Terry Jones discovers that peasants were in fact literate, eman...
http://wn.com/Terry_Jones'_Medieval_Lives_S1_Ep_1_The_Peasant
The stereotype of the medieval peasant is a toothless, filthy, ignorant wretch. Or were they? Terry Jones discovers that peasants were in fact literate, eman...
- published: 10 Apr 2009
- views: 241838
- author: BBCWorldwide
Kings and Queens of England: Episode 2: Middle Ages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:25
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
This episode covers the time from the Magna Carta through to Henry VI,taking in the 100 Years War,the Peasant's Revolt and the Battle of Agincourt along the ...
http://wn.com/Kings_and_Queens_of_England_Episode_2_Middle_Ages
This episode covers the time from the Magna Carta through to Henry VI,taking in the 100 Years War,the Peasant's Revolt and the Battle of Agincourt along the ...
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 54445
- author: AngelDocs
The Worst Jobs in History - The Middle Ages - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:59
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Think your Job sucks? You aint seen nothing yet! Creative Planet, Creative Thinking.
http://wn.com/The_Worst_Jobs_in_History_The_Middle_Ages_Part_1
Think your Job sucks? You aint seen nothing yet! Creative Planet, Creative Thinking.
- published: 07 Mar 2008
- views: 224950
- author: Mike Z
Were the Middle Ages Dark? -- Prager University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:47
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
There is no period in history more misunderstood than the Middle Ages. Providence College Professor of English, Anthony Esolen, vividly demonstrates why the ...
http://wn.com/Were_the_Middle_Ages_Dark?_-_Prager_University
There is no period in history more misunderstood than the Middle Ages. Providence College Professor of English, Anthony Esolen, vividly demonstrates why the ...
- published: 27 May 2013
- views: 40029
- author: PragerUniversity
Conquest - Weird Weapons of the Middle Ages - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Conquest Tv show.
http://wn.com/Conquest_Weird_Weapons_of_the_Middle_Ages_Part_1
Illuminations: Part 1 of 6 - The Private Lives of Medieval Kings
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:27
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
1a. Ruling by the Book Dr Janina Ramirez unlocks the secrets of illuminated manuscripts that were custom-made for kings and explores the medieval world they ...
http://wn.com/Illuminations_Part_1_of_6_The_Private_Lives_of_Medieval_Kings
1a. Ruling by the Book Dr Janina Ramirez unlocks the secrets of illuminated manuscripts that were custom-made for kings and explores the medieval world they ...
- published: 26 Jan 2012
- views: 102697
- author: MyDigitalRealm
Christina: A Medieval Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:17
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad you can browse documentaries by host like YouTube or Mega.Video, or by topic l...
http://wn.com/Christina_A_Medieval_Life
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad you can browse documentaries by host like YouTube or Mega.Video, or by topic l...
- published: 15 Jun 2011
- views: 132103
- author: docufans1
(2) Kings and Queens of England - The Middle Ages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:25
- Updated: 18 Jul 2013
http://wn.com/2_Kings_and_Queens_of_England_The_Middle_Ages
The Hidden Masters of the Middle Ages: the Limbourg Brothers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:17
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
The three Limbourg brothers painted landscapes and portraits with a precision that was unheard of in their time. They gave us the first snowy landscape in th...
http://wn.com/The_Hidden_Masters_of_the_Middle_Ages_the_Limbourg_Brothers
The three Limbourg brothers painted landscapes and portraits with a precision that was unheard of in their time. They gave us the first snowy landscape in th...
- published: 10 Feb 2012
- views: 7877
- author: Getty Museum
The Worst Jobs In History - 1x02 - Medieval
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:43
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
The Worst Jobs In History - Season 1 Episode 2 - Medieval.
http://wn.com/The_Worst_Jobs_In_History_1x02_Medieval
The Worst Jobs In History - Season 1 Episode 2 - Medieval.
- published: 11 Jul 2011
- views: 43573
- author: SonicGameReviews
Worst jobs in Middle Ages 06 The Fuller
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 09 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Worst_jobs_in_Middle_Ages_06_The_Fuller
Measly Middle Ages - Wat Tyler & the knights' code of chivalry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Measly_Middle_Ages_Wat_Tyler_the_knights'_code_of_chivalry
Middle Ages Lesson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:47
- Updated: 18 Jul 2013
A quick review of the Middle Ages. Most concise review book available -- http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords;=no+bu...
http://wn.com/Middle_Ages_Lesson
A quick review of the Middle Ages. Most concise review book available -- http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_1?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords;=no+bu...
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 4424
- author: mrklaffdotcom
1 - Hour of Early Middle Ages Music
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:19
- Updated: 17 Sep 2013
Medieval music is Western music written during the Middle Ages. This era begins with the fall of the Roman Empire and ends sometime in the early fifteenth century. Establishing the end of the medieval era and the beginning of the Renaissance is difficult; the usage in this article is the one usually adopted by musicologists.
All music and images belong to their rightful owners no copyright infringement intended.
Enjoy!!!
http://wn.com/1_Hour_of_Early_Middle_Ages_Music
Medieval music is Western music written during the Middle Ages. This era begins with the fall of the Roman Empire and ends sometime in the early fifteenth century. Establishing the end of the medieval era and the beginning of the Renaissance is difficult; the usage in this article is the one usually adopted by musicologists.
All music and images belong to their rightful owners no copyright infringement intended.
Enjoy!!!
- published: 17 Sep 2013
- views: 52
The Middle Ages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:23
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
The Middle Ages - Between Ancient and Modern - Feudalism - Primogeniture - Christendom - The Huns - The Barbarians - The Byzantine Empire - The Moors - The F...
http://wn.com/The_Middle_Ages
The Middle Ages - Between Ancient and Modern - Feudalism - Primogeniture - Christendom - The Huns - The Barbarians - The Byzantine Empire - The Moors - The F...
- published: 16 Jan 2012
- views: 7543
- author: CCWhippets
Dating In The Middle Ages, Episode 2.1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
"THE UNIFORM" http://datinginthemiddleages.com
Samantha (played by Devin Mills) has a lusty dream about her man in "The Uniform," (played by Matthew Ashford) and all goes well until a nosy relative butts in...
DON'T FORGET TO SUBSCRIBE TO OUR CHANNEL!
http://wn.com/Dating_In_The_Middle_Ages,_Episode_21
"THE UNIFORM" http://datinginthemiddleages.com
Samantha (played by Devin Mills) has a lusty dream about her man in "The Uniform," (played by Matthew Ashford) and all goes well until a nosy relative butts in...
DON'T FORGET TO SUBSCRIBE TO OUR CHANNEL!
- published: 30 Jul 2013
- views: 1551
Women in the Middle Ages
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 30 May 2013
Women in the Middle Ages.
http://wn.com/Women_in_the_Middle_Ages
The Middle Ages in 3 1/2 minutes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
An animated timeline from the book 'Science: a Discovery in Comics' by Margreet de Heer. More information: http://margreetdeheer.com/eng/science.html.
http://wn.com/The_Middle_Ages_in_3_1_2_minutes
An animated timeline from the book 'Science: a Discovery in Comics' by Margreet de Heer. More information: http://margreetdeheer.com/eng/science.html.
- published: 12 Jul 2013
- views: 412
- author: Margreet de Heer
Send this Playlist by SMS
Avril Lavigne - When You're Gone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 03 Oct 2009
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing When You're Gone. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 696,566 (C) 2007 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on April 23, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Avril_Lavigne_When_You're_Gone
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing When You're Gone. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 696,566 (C) 2007 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on April 23, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 03 Oct 2009
- views: 152283449
Nice Guys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 31 May 2011
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches.
Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425
Subscribe to these lovely people:
Chester See (Check out Chester's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/chestersee
Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba
Dtrix
http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow
Cathy Nguyen
http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg
Kina Grannis
http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI
Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic
Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei
http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei
http://wn.com/Nice_Guys
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches.
Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes!
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425
Subscribe to these lovely people:
Chester See (Check out Chester's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/chestersee
Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version)
http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba
Dtrix
http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow
Cathy Nguyen
http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg
Kina Grannis
http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI
Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic
Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei
http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 48586319
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 05 Aug 2010
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Eminem_Love_The_Way_You_Lie_ft_Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Aug 2010
- views: 610544594
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 05 Jun 2010
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 447867503
Eminem - When I'm Gone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 16 Jun 2009
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records
http://wn.com/Eminem_When_I'm_Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 172868943
![Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/W-w3WfgpcGg/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 10 Nov 2011
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI
Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS
'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
© 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'It Will Rain' by Bruno Mars from the Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - available now on Atlantic Records.
Directed by Phil Pinto & Bruno Mars
http://brunomars.com
http://facebook.com/brunomars
http://twitter.com/brunomars
LYRICS
If you ever leave me, baby,
Leave some morphine at my door
'Cause it would take a whole lot of medication
To realize what we used to have,
We don't have it anymore.
There's no religion that could save me
No matter how long my knees are on the floor (Ooh)
So keep in mind all the sacrifices I'm makin'
To keep you by my side
To keep you from walkin' out the door.
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
I'll never be your mother's favorite
Your daddy can't even look me in the eye
Ooh, if I was in their shoes, I'd be doing the same thing
Sayin' "There goes my little girl
Walkin' with that troublesome guy"
But they're just afraid of something they can't understand
Ooh, but little darlin' watch me change their minds
Yeah for you I'll try I'll try I'll try I'll try
I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding
If that'll make you mine
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
Oh, don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye),
Don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye)
I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding
If that'll make it right
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_It_Will_Rain_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI
Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS
'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
© 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'It Will Rain' by Bruno Mars from the Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - available now on Atlantic Records.
Directed by Phil Pinto & Bruno Mars
http://brunomars.com
http://facebook.com/brunomars
http://twitter.com/brunomars
LYRICS
If you ever leave me, baby,
Leave some morphine at my door
'Cause it would take a whole lot of medication
To realize what we used to have,
We don't have it anymore.
There's no religion that could save me
No matter how long my knees are on the floor (Ooh)
So keep in mind all the sacrifices I'm makin'
To keep you by my side
To keep you from walkin' out the door.
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
I'll never be your mother's favorite
Your daddy can't even look me in the eye
Ooh, if I was in their shoes, I'd be doing the same thing
Sayin' "There goes my little girl
Walkin' with that troublesome guy"
But they're just afraid of something they can't understand
Ooh, but little darlin' watch me change their minds
Yeah for you I'll try I'll try I'll try I'll try
I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding
If that'll make you mine
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
Oh, don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye),
Don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye)
I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding
If that'll make it right
'Cause there'll be no sunlight
If I lose you, baby
There'll be no clear skies
If I lose you, baby
Just like the clouds
My eyes will do the same, if you walk away
Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 175929839
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 14 Dec 2009
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19,591,123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Rehab_ft_Justin_Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19,591,123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group
- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 65516063
Avril Lavigne - Wish You Were Here
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 09 Sep 2011
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Wish You Were Here. Director: Dave Meyers. (C) 2011 RCA Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on May 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Avril_Lavigne_Wish_You_Were_Here
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Wish You Were Here. Director: Dave Meyers. (C) 2011 RCA Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on May 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 09 Sep 2011
- views: 169878192
Avril Lavigne - Girlfriend
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 03 Oct 2009
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Girlfriend. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 5,361,100 (C) 2006 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on December 3, 2009. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Avril_Lavigne_Girlfriend
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Girlfriend. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 5,361,100 (C) 2006 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment
#VEVOCertified on December 3, 2009. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 03 Oct 2009
- views: 216096861
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal
Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal
Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 219472266
P!nk - Try
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music...
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 96004434
- author: PinkVEVO
Jabba the Hutt (PewDiePie Song) by Schmoyoho
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 14 Sep 2013
Check out Schmoyoho! ► http://bit.ly/SchmoyohoChannel
Song Download ► http://bit.ly/JabbaTheHuttDownload
Click Here To Subscribe! ► http://bit.ly/JoinBroArmy
FAQ in this video (lol no one reads this anyway)
Q1: Did you make this Pewds?
A1: 2:04
Q2: Does your dog only have one eye?
A2: Yes, she lost one while sailing the 7 seas.
Q3: I have this rash on my butt...
A3: Let me take a look at it.
Facebook ► http://facebook.com/pewdiepie
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/pewdiepie
Awesome PewDiePie merch
► Newest collection! http://bit.ly/TshirtsPewdiepie
► http://pewdiepie.spreadshirt.com/ (EU+US)
-------------------------------------------
Please:
Respect each other in the comments.
Thanks for all your support bros, rating the video and leaving a comment
is always appreciated!
...........
...................__
............./´¯/'...'/´¯¯`·¸
........../'/.../..../......./¨¯\
........('(...´...´.... ¯~/'...')
.........\.................'...../
..........''...\.......... _.·´
............\..............(
BROFIST ...........
http://wn.com/Jabba_the_Hutt_PewDiePie_Song_by_Schmoyoho
Check out Schmoyoho! ► http://bit.ly/SchmoyohoChannel
Song Download ► http://bit.ly/JabbaTheHuttDownload
Click Here To Subscribe! ► http://bit.ly/JoinBroArmy
FAQ in this video (lol no one reads this anyway)
Q1: Did you make this Pewds?
A1: 2:04
Q2: Does your dog only have one eye?
A2: Yes, she lost one while sailing the 7 seas.
Q3: I have this rash on my butt...
A3: Let me take a look at it.
Facebook ► http://facebook.com/pewdiepie
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/pewdiepie
Awesome PewDiePie merch
► Newest collection! http://bit.ly/TshirtsPewdiepie
► http://pewdiepie.spreadshirt.com/ (EU+US)
-------------------------------------------
Please:
Respect each other in the comments.
Thanks for all your support bros, rating the video and leaving a comment
is always appreciated!
...........
...................__
............./´¯/'...'/´¯¯`·¸
........../'/.../..../......./¨¯\
........('(...´...´.... ¯~/'...')
.........\.................'...../
..........''...\.......... _.·´
............\..............(
BROFIST ...........
- published: 14 Sep 2013
- views: 10160542
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 05 Jul 2013
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb
We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!!
tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS
Grab our version of Cups here: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cups-when-im-gone-single/id670084540
We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here:
http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store
_______________________________
GET IN TOUCH!
SAM TSUI:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/samtsuimusic
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/samueltsui
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/thesamtsui
KURT SCHNEIDER:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschne...
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kurthugoschneider
KINA GRANNIS:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kinagrannis
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kinagrannis
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
ALEX G:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/HelloAlexG
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AlexGMusic7
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/AlexGMusic7
_______________________________
"Cups (When I'm Gone)" -- originally by The Carter Family, more recently Lulu and the Lampshades and then Anna Kendrick from the 2012 film, 'Pitch Perfect'.
Written by: A.P. Carter, Luisa Gerstein and Heloise Tunstall-Behrens
Published by: Peer International & BMG Gold Songs
http://wn.com/CUPS!!_Pitch_Perfect_Sam_Tsui,_Alex_G,_Kina_Grannis,_Kurt_Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb
We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!!
tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS
Grab our version of Cups here: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cups-when-im-gone-single/id670084540
We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here:
http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store
_______________________________
GET IN TOUCH!
SAM TSUI:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/samtsuimusic
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/samueltsui
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/thesamtsui
KURT SCHNEIDER:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschne...
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kurthugoschneider
KINA GRANNIS:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kinagrannis
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kinagrannis
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis
ALEX G:
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/HelloAlexG
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AlexGMusic7
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/AlexGMusic7
_______________________________
"Cups (When I'm Gone)" -- originally by The Carter Family, more recently Lulu and the Lampshades and then Anna Kendrick from the 2012 film, 'Pitch Perfect'.
Written by: A.P. Carter, Luisa Gerstein and Heloise Tunstall-Behrens
Published by: Peer International & BMG Gold Songs
- published: 05 Jul 2013
- views: 9302401
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 05 Dec 2009
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Russian_Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group
- published: 05 Dec 2009
- views: 110769622
![Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/nPvuNsRccVw/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]")
Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 14 Jun 2013
Unorthodox Jukebox available now http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
Directed By: Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
German fans watch here: http://www.dooloop.tv/video/3967871/bruno-mars-treasure
Get tickets for the Moonshine Jungle World Tour http://brunomars.com/moonshinejungletour
http://brunomars.com
https://twitter.com/brunomars
http://facebook.com/brunomars
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_Treasure_Official_Music_Video_
Unorthodox Jukebox available now http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
Directed By: Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars
German fans watch here: http://www.dooloop.tv/video/3967871/bruno-mars-treasure
Get tickets for the Moonshine Jungle World Tour http://brunomars.com/moonshinejungletour
http://brunomars.com
https://twitter.com/brunomars
http://facebook.com/brunomars
- published: 14 Jun 2013
- views: 61935816
Eminem - Without Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 16 Jun 2009
Music video by Eminem performing Without Me. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records
http://wn.com/Eminem_Without_Me
Music video by Eminem performing Without Me. (C) 2002 Aftermath Records
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 128819936
![Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/LjhCEhWiKXk/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 08 Sep 2010
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops
New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh
© 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'Just The Way You Are' by Bruno Mars from doo-wops and hooligans - available now on Elektra Records!
Directed by Ethan Lader
Inspired by the artwork of Erika Iris Simmons
http://brunomars.com
http://facebook.com/brunomars
http://twitter.com/brunomars
LYRICS
Oh, her eyes, her eyes, make the stars look like they're not shining
Her hair, her hair, falls perfectly without her trying
She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day
Yeah, I know, I know, when I compliment her she won't believe me
And it's so, it's so, sad to think that she don't see what I see
But every time she asks me do I look ok, I say
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah.
Her lips, her lips, I could kiss them all day if she let me
Her laugh, her laugh, she hates but I think it's so sexy
She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day
Oh, you know, you know, you know, I'd never ask you to change
If perfect's what you're searching for then just stay the same
So, don't even bother asking if you look ok
You know I'll say
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are
The way you are, the way you are
Girl you're amazing, just the way you are
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Cause girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah.
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_Just_The_Way_You_Are_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops
New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh
© 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'Just The Way You Are' by Bruno Mars from doo-wops and hooligans - available now on Elektra Records!
Directed by Ethan Lader
Inspired by the artwork of Erika Iris Simmons
http://brunomars.com
http://facebook.com/brunomars
http://twitter.com/brunomars
LYRICS
Oh, her eyes, her eyes, make the stars look like they're not shining
Her hair, her hair, falls perfectly without her trying
She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day
Yeah, I know, I know, when I compliment her she won't believe me
And it's so, it's so, sad to think that she don't see what I see
But every time she asks me do I look ok, I say
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah.
Her lips, her lips, I could kiss them all day if she let me
Her laugh, her laugh, she hates but I think it's so sexy
She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day
Oh, you know, you know, you know, I'd never ask you to change
If perfect's what you're searching for then just stay the same
So, don't even bother asking if you look ok
You know I'll say
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are
The way you are, the way you are
Girl you're amazing, just the way you are
When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change
Cause you're amazing, just the way you are
And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while
Cause girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah.
- published: 08 Sep 2010
- views: 331946701
"Beauty And A Beat" - Justin Bieber (Alex Goot, Kurt Schneider, and Chrissy Costanza Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS
I'm coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!!
tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour
Had a blast making this video with Alex and Chrissy! If you like it, it's on iTunes here:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/beauty-beat-ft.-kurt-schneider/id591439425
And check out some behind the scenes fun here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH320hMQFKY
We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here:
http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store
_______________________
GET IN TOUCH!
ALEX GOOT:
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/GootMusic
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/gootmusic
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/alexgoot
KURT SCHNEIDER
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/KurtHugoSchneider
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschneider
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider
CHRISSY COSTANZA (from Against The Current)
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/AgainstTheCurrentNY
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/againstthecurrentband
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/ChrissyCostanza
_______________
"Beauty and a Beat" - originally by Justin Bieber ft. Nicki Minaj
Written by: Max Martin, Anton Zaslavski, Savan Kotecha, Onika Maraj
Published by: Kobalt Music Publishing, Universal Music Publishing & Gema
http://wn.com/Beauty_And_A_Beat_Justin_Bieber_Alex_Goot,_Kurt_Schneider,_and_Chrissy_Costanza_Cover
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS
I'm coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!!
tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour
Had a blast making this video with Alex and Chrissy! If you like it, it's on iTunes here:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/beauty-beat-ft.-kurt-schneider/id591439425
And check out some behind the scenes fun here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH320hMQFKY
We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here:
http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store
_______________________
GET IN TOUCH!
ALEX GOOT:
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/GootMusic
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/gootmusic
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/alexgoot
KURT SCHNEIDER
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/KurtHugoSchneider
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschneider
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider
CHRISSY COSTANZA (from Against The Current)
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/AgainstTheCurrentNY
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/againstthecurrentband
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/ChrissyCostanza
_______________
"Beauty and a Beat" - originally by Justin Bieber ft. Nicki Minaj
Written by: Max Martin, Anton Zaslavski, Savan Kotecha, Onika Maraj
Published by: Kobalt Music Publishing, Universal Music Publishing & Gema
- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 43815006
![Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fLexgOxsZu0/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2011 WMG. The o...
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_The_Lazy_Song_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2011 WMG. The o...
- published: 15 Apr 2011
- views: 410665912
- author: Bruno Mars
2 Chainz, Wiz Khalifa - We Own It (Fast & Furious)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 17 May 2013
http://thefastandthefurious.com
Vin Diesel, Paul Walker and Dwayne Johnson lead the returning cast of all-stars as the global blockbuster franchise built on speed races to its next continent in Fast & Furious 6. Reuniting for their most high-stakes adventure yet, fan favorites Jordana Brewster, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Sung Kang, Gal Gadot, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges and Elsa Pataky are joined by badass series newcomers Luke Evans and Gina Carano.
Since Dom (Diesel) and Brian's (Walker) Rio heist toppled a kingpin's empire and left their crew with $100 million, our heroes have scattered across the globe. But their inability to return home and living forever on the lam have left their lives...
http://wn.com/2_Chainz,_Wiz_Khalifa_We_Own_It_Fast_Furious
http://thefastandthefurious.com
Vin Diesel, Paul Walker and Dwayne Johnson lead the returning cast of all-stars as the global blockbuster franchise built on speed races to its next continent in Fast & Furious 6. Reuniting for their most high-stakes adventure yet, fan favorites Jordana Brewster, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Sung Kang, Gal Gadot, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges and Elsa Pataky are joined by badass series newcomers Luke Evans and Gina Carano.
Since Dom (Diesel) and Brian's (Walker) Rio heist toppled a kingpin's empire and left their crew with $100 million, our heroes have scattered across the globe. But their inability to return home and living forever on the lam have left their lives...
- published: 17 May 2013
- views: 30618646
One Direction - What Makes You Beautiful (5 Piano Guys, 1 piano) - ThePianoGuys
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Get our brand new album on Amazon: http://amzn.to/QoFwML (please leave a review) Order this album on iTunes: http://bit.ly/Xa3oYo Download the MP3 single of ...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_What_Makes_You_Beautiful_5_Piano_Guys,_1_piano_ThePianoGuys
Get our brand new album on Amazon: http://amzn.to/QoFwML (please leave a review) Order this album on iTunes: http://bit.ly/Xa3oYo Download the MP3 single of ...
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 24231388
- author: ThePianoGuys
Preguntas De twitter 6 | Hola Soy German
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Updated: 12 Oct 2013
Suscribete → http://bit.ly/SuscribeteHSG
Facebook → http://bit.ly/FacebookHSG
Twitter → http://bit.ly/TwitterHSG
Ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría muucho :'D y no olvides suscribirte, subo video todos los viernes! ABRAZOS PSICOLOGICOOOS :'D
http://wn.com/Preguntas_De_twitter_6_|_Hola_Soy_German
Suscribete → http://bit.ly/SuscribeteHSG
Facebook → http://bit.ly/FacebookHSG
Twitter → http://bit.ly/TwitterHSG
Ojalá te guste el video, ponle "me gusta" y compartelo con tus amigos por Facebook y/o twitter, de verdad que me ayudaría muucho :'D y no olvides suscribirte, subo video todos los viernes! ABRAZOS PSICOLOGICOOOS :'D
- published: 12 Oct 2013
- views: 3415161
"Take Back the Night" - A Minecraft Original Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 31 Aug 2013
Download the song, part of TryHardNinja's new album!
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/take-back-the-night/id692264114?i=692264186
Watch the prequel, Fallen Kingdom: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-sH53vXP2A
Behind the scenes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIvzmrOZpXg
Credits:
Modeling, rigging, animation, post production, and effects by Bootstrap Buckaroo
http://www.youtube.com/user/DigBuildLive
Animation by Slamacow Creations:
http://www.youtube.com/user/SlamacowCreations
Animated, directed, and produced by CaptainSparklez:
http://www.youtube.com/user/CaptainSparklez
Take Back the Night written and performed by TryHardNinja:
http://www.youtube.com/user/TryHardNinja
Audio production by Doc Exx:
http://www.youtube.com/user/DocExxMusic
Vocal production and editing by The Jerry Farley:
http://www.youtube.com/thejerryfarley
Lyrics:
Closet full of secrets and skeletons awakes but nothing's true
I used to own a castle now it's boxes that I have to move
Right here in the darkness there's nothing left for me to do
It's easier to run away but today
Today we got to
Cast the shadows out from sight
A final stand a shouting cry
All the wrongs now turned to right
So fight the past
Take back the night
And call upon the torch tonight
To bring out all the ghosts to light
Because at last we have to go it's time
To take back the night
Bridges burned and broken on different sides we start anew
Being chased by monsters to face head on or be consumed
Reaching out for something grasping on to nothing to lose
Paybacks left too long unpaid but today
Today we got to
Cast the shadows out from sight
A final stand a shouting cry
All the wrongs now turned to right
So fight the past
Take back the night
And call upon the torch tonight
To bring out all the ghosts to light
Because at last we have to go it's time
To take back the night
http://wn.com/Take_Back_the_Night_A_Minecraft_Original_Music_Video
Download the song, part of TryHardNinja's new album!
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/take-back-the-night/id692264114?i=692264186
Watch the prequel, Fallen Kingdom: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-sH53vXP2A
Behind the scenes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIvzmrOZpXg
Credits:
Modeling, rigging, animation, post production, and effects by Bootstrap Buckaroo
http://www.youtube.com/user/DigBuildLive
Animation by Slamacow Creations:
http://www.youtube.com/user/SlamacowCreations
Animated, directed, and produced by CaptainSparklez:
http://www.youtube.com/user/CaptainSparklez
Take Back the Night written and performed by TryHardNinja:
http://www.youtube.com/user/TryHardNinja
Audio production by Doc Exx:
http://www.youtube.com/user/DocExxMusic
Vocal production and editing by The Jerry Farley:
http://www.youtube.com/thejerryfarley
Lyrics:
Closet full of secrets and skeletons awakes but nothing's true
I used to own a castle now it's boxes that I have to move
Right here in the darkness there's nothing left for me to do
It's easier to run away but today
Today we got to
Cast the shadows out from sight
A final stand a shouting cry
All the wrongs now turned to right
So fight the past
Take back the night
And call upon the torch tonight
To bring out all the ghosts to light
Because at last we have to go it's time
To take back the night
Bridges burned and broken on different sides we start anew
Being chased by monsters to face head on or be consumed
Reaching out for something grasping on to nothing to lose
Paybacks left too long unpaid but today
Today we got to
Cast the shadows out from sight
A final stand a shouting cry
All the wrongs now turned to right
So fight the past
Take back the night
And call upon the torch tonight
To bring out all the ghosts to light
Because at last we have to go it's time
To take back the night
- published: 31 Aug 2013
- views: 12203197
Send this Playlist by SMS
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_Titanium_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 206129443
- author: davidguettavevo
Rihanna - Take A Bow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 30 Nov 2009
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Take_A_Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 107149318
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 29 Sep 2010
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Eminem_No_Love_Explicit_Version_ft_Lil_Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 29 Sep 2010
- views: 126453396
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
http://wn.com/David_Guetta_She_Wolf_Falling_To_Pieces_ft_Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 176875018
- author: davidguettavevo
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 11 Nov 2011
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" story. Do you have "The One That Got Away"?
Download "The One That Got Away", the sixth single off Katy's album 'Teenage Dream' here: http://goo.gl/LYiQG
Music video by Katy Perry performing The One That Got Away.
Directed by: Floria Sigismondi / Produced by: Jannie McInnes & Danny Lockwood
(P) (C) 2011 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
#VEVOCertified on April 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified...
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_The_One_That_Got_Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" story. Do you have "The One That Got Away"?
Download "The One That Got Away", the sixth single off Katy's album 'Teenage Dream' here: http://goo.gl/LYiQG
Music video by Katy Perry performing The One That Got Away.
Directed by: Floria Sigismondi / Produced by: Jannie McInnes & Danny Lockwood
(P) (C) 2011 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028.
#VEVOCertified on April 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified...
- published: 11 Nov 2011
- views: 191776833
Eminem - Space Bound
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 27 Jun 2011
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records
http://wn.com/Eminem_Space_Bound
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records
- published: 27 Jun 2011
- views: 100449557
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...
http://wn.com/Avicii_Wake_Me_Up_Lyric_Video
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...
- published: 28 Jun 2013
- views: 69855928
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 06 Jun 2013
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_Everything_Has_Changed_ft_Ed_Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.
- published: 06 Jun 2013
- views: 41450986
Evolution of Music - Pentatonix
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
ORDER "PTX VOL. 1" HERE! http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/ptx-volume-1/id534570842 http://www.ptxofficial.com http://www.twitter.com/ptxofficial @ptxoffic...
http://wn.com/Evolution_of_Music_Pentatonix
ORDER "PTX VOL. 1" HERE! http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/ptx-volume-1/id534570842 http://www.ptxofficial.com http://www.twitter.com/ptxofficial @ptxoffic...
- published: 15 Apr 2013
- views: 16597084
- author: PTXofficial
![Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/SR6iYWJxHqs/default.jpg "Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]")
Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2010 WMG. The o...
http://wn.com/Bruno_Mars_Grenade_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2010 WMG. The o...
- published: 22 Nov 2010
- views: 309041826
- author: Bruno Mars
![THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/mO1QBTG6EXs/default.jpg "THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]")
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 18 Nov 2011
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf
GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y
COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b
------------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
==LYRICS==
Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne
Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME!
I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise
And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice
"Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy
I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry
I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think?
Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK.
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin'
I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right)
I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out
Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now
Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now
Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town
Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina
So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole?
Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled.
You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!)
The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008!
Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style
Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child?
You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll
Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old?
You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often?
She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in.
Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face
L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay.
Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore
It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword
It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule
'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled"
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
==CREDITS==
Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz)
Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez
Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia)
Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty
==SONG CREDITS==
-Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari)
-Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
-Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon
-Link Vocals: Ian Hecox
-Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla
-Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE)
-Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty
-Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios
==CAST==
-Link: Ian Hecox
-Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner)
-Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla
-Tingle: Anthony Padilla
-Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland
-Santa Claus: Gary Agid
==ADDITIONAL CREW==
-Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner
-Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley
-Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan
-Colorist: Mike Burton
-Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber
-Art Director: Patrick Egan
-Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner
-Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy
-Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg
-Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland
-Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis
-Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife
-Casting Director: Julliane Gabert
-Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff
-Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor
-Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions
-Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES
-Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission
-Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.
http://wn.com/THE_LEGEND_OF_ZELDA_RAP_MUSIC_VIDEO_
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf
GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y
COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b
------------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
==LYRICS==
Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne
Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME!
I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise
And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice
"Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy
I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry
I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think?
Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK.
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin'
I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right)
I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out
Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now
Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now
Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town
Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina
So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole?
Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled.
You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!)
The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008!
Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style
Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child?
You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll
Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old?
You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often?
She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in.
Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face
L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay.
Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore
It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword
It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule
'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled"
----------
'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K
Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say
Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel
And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil
----------
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
==CREDITS==
Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz)
Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez
Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia)
Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty
==SONG CREDITS==
-Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari)
-Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox
-Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon
-Link Vocals: Ian Hecox
-Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla
-Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE)
-Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty
-Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios
==CAST==
-Link: Ian Hecox
-Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner)
-Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla
-Tingle: Anthony Padilla
-Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland
-Santa Claus: Gary Agid
==ADDITIONAL CREW==
-Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner
-Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley
-Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan
-Colorist: Mike Burton
-Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber
-Art Director: Patrick Egan
-Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner
-Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy
-Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg
-Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland
-Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis
-Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife
-Casting Director: Julliane Gabert
-Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff
-Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor
-Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions
-Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES
-Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission
-Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.
- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 42266282
Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 17 Jun 2013
The official video for Martin Garrix' monster track 'Animals'! Subscribe to Spinnin' TV NOW: http://bit.ly/SPINNINTV
Download on Beatport: http://btprt.dj/19cYwWG
Download on iTunes: http://www.smarturl.it/MGANIMALS
Martin Garrix on Facebook: http://facebook.com/martingarrixofficial
Directed by: http://markloonen.nl
Produced by: http://visionairies.nl
http://wn.com/Martin_Garrix_Animals_Official_Video
The official video for Martin Garrix' monster track 'Animals'! Subscribe to Spinnin' TV NOW: http://bit.ly/SPINNINTV
Download on Beatport: http://btprt.dj/19cYwWG
Download on iTunes: http://www.smarturl.it/MGANIMALS
Martin Garrix on Facebook: http://facebook.com/martingarrixofficial
Directed by: http://markloonen.nl
Produced by: http://visionairies.nl
- published: 17 Jun 2013
- views: 36892285
Rihanna - Unfaithful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 23 Nov 2009
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group
#VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group
#VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 159814295
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 21 Aug 2013
Wake Me Up (Official Video) by Avicii. Out now on: iTunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Univers...
http://wn.com/Avicii_Wake_Me_Up_Official_Video
Wake Me Up (Official Video) by Avicii. Out now on: iTunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Univers...
- published: 29 Jul 2013
- views: 27818200
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
One Direction - Little Things
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now!
Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things.
iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D
Amazon: http://amzn.to/OXqkoD
Official Store: http://myplay.me/vxl
Music video by One Direction performing Little Things. (C) 2012 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited
http://wn.com/One_Direction_Little_Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now!
Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things.
iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D
Amazon: http://amzn.to/OXqkoD
Official Store: http://myplay.me/vxl
Music video by One Direction performing Little Things. (C) 2012 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 128843708
Avicii - Levels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Buy Avicii Levels EP- http://www.smarturl.it/AviciiLevelsEP iTunes Australia http://itunes.apple.com/au/album/levels/id475906408?i=475906909 iTunes UK http:/...
http://wn.com/Avicii_Levels
Buy Avicii Levels EP- http://www.smarturl.it/AviciiLevelsEP iTunes Australia http://itunes.apple.com/au/album/levels/id475906408?i=475906909 iTunes UK http:/...
- published: 29 Nov 2011
- views: 70438782
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Skrillex & Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley - Make It Bun Dem [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Buy the track here: http://atlr.ec/TZ8yBf Directed by Tony T. Datis.
http://wn.com/Skrillex_Damian_Jr_Gong_Marley_Make_It_Bun_Dem_OFFICIAL_VIDEO_
Buy the track here: http://atlr.ec/TZ8yBf Directed by Tony T. Datis.
- published: 06 Sep 2012
- views: 52020519
- author: TheOfficialSkrillex
![ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131025185034im_/http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/12PWq22E9CQ/default.jpg "ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]")
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean
DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit
WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer
GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ
GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN
●LYRICS●
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand
Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man
I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos
Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues
When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me
In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry
Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss
What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop!
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
From Boston to NY, always up to no good
Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood
Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back
Using my hidden blade for a secret attack
Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man
Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can
Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat
What? A man's gotta eat...
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth
Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat
Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef
I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs
You can't step up to me and my gang
Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb'
Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son
I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
...
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
●CREDITS●
Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd
Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd
Mixed by Peter de Leon
Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty
Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff
Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez
Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder
Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley
Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez
Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner
Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney
Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower
Set Designer - Edward Duffy
Scenic - Lynn Malmburg
Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke
Art Director - Patrick Egan
Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher
Art PA - Karl Mollohan
Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty
Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd
CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani
Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey
DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton
Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck
Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann
Casting - Julianne Gabert
●CAST●
Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla
George Washington - Ian Hecox
British General - Keenan Johnston
Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers
General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton
Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos
Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler
Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower
Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur
British Guards
Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters
Common Folk
Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette
Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio
Colonial Dancers
Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal
●Special thanks●
The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission
The Carry House Hotel
Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch
...
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!
http://wn.com/ULTIMATE_ASSASSIN'S_CREED_3_SONG_Music_Video_
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean
DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit
WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer
GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ
GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN
●LYRICS●
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand
Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man
I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos
Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues
When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me
In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry
Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss
What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop!
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
From Boston to NY, always up to no good
Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood
Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back
Using my hidden blade for a secret attack
Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man
Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can
Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat
What? A man's gotta eat...
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth
Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat
Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef
I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs
You can't step up to me and my gang
Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb'
Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son
I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done
How many fools can I kill today?
Too many to count, don't get in my way
I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow
Tomahawk chop is my death blow
...
This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends:
●CREDITS●
Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd
Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd
Mixed by Peter de Leon
Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty
Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff
Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez
Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder
Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley
Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez
Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner
Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney
Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower
Set Designer - Edward Duffy
Scenic - Lynn Malmburg
Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke
Art Director - Patrick Egan
Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher
Art PA - Karl Mollohan
Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty
Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd
CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani
Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey
DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton
Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck
Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann
Casting - Julianne Gabert
●CAST●
Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla
George Washington - Ian Hecox
British General - Keenan Johnston
Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers
General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton
Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos
Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler
Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower
Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur
British Guards
Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters
Common Folk
Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette
Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio
Colonial Dancers
Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal
●Special thanks●
The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission
The Carry House Hotel
Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch
...
HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 40962834
Send this Playlist by SMS
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 16 Jun 2009
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC
#VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_You_Belong_With_Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC
#VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 270535565
Bromance (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...
http://wn.com/Bromance_Official_Music_Video
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...
- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 21915393
- author: nigahiga
Bryan Adams - Heaven (Boyce Avenue feat. Megan Nicole acoustic cover) on iTunes & Spotify
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2d Spotify: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2dSpotify Boyce Avenue feat....
http://wn.com/Bryan_Adams_Heaven_Boyce_Avenue_feat_Megan_Nicole_acoustic_cover_on_iTunes_Spotify
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2d Spotify: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2dSpotify Boyce Avenue feat....
- published: 27 May 2012
- views: 14046708
- author: boyceavenue
Taylor Swift - Love Story
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 16 Jun 2009
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Love Story. (C) 2008 Big Machine Records, LLC
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift_Love_Story
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Love Story. (C) 2008 Big Machine Records, LLC
- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 134980742
FIRETRUCK! (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
BLOOPERS: http://bit.ly/FiretruckBloopers
GET THE SONG: http://smo.sh/WMZv7l
MILKSHAKE MUSIC VIDEO: http://bit.ly/MilkyMilkshake
CHECK OUT THIS FIRETRUCK TEE: http://smo.sh/ZsKdpt
-----------------------------------
In this music video, we give you an alternative to the F-word. Your mother will be pleased.
Special thanks to iJustine for making a cameo: http://youtube.com/ijustine
-----------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
------------LYRICS------------
Now here's the thing about saying firetruck
It starts F and it ends with UCK
So whenever you're in trouble or out of luck
You no longer have to exclaim "OH F**K"
Hey look at that they just bleeped me
Instead say firetruck, it's so easy
And I'd like to take a moment just sit right there
I'll tell you how you can say firetruck anywhere
Stub your toe, FIRETRUCK
Lose your cash, FIRETRUCK
You're naked and your parents come home, FIRETRUCK
Fail your class, FIRETRUCK
Scratch your ass, FIRETRUCK
Clip your nails too short and it hurts, FIRETRUCK
Crap your pants, FIRETRUCK
Bite your tongue, FIRETRUCK
No one shows up to your party, FIRETRUCK
Red Ring of Death, FIRETRUCK
Forget to breathe, FIRETRUCK
Found out your mom is your dad, FIRETRUCK
Say firetruck every chance you see
It's even more fun when it gets bleeped
Say it with me now, don't make this suck
F****************UCK!
-Whoa man, did you just say f**k?
Naw man, I just said Firetruck
-But when you bleep it, it says f**k
Who cares man, we're sayin' firetruck!
Lose your teeth, FIRETRUCK
iPhone bill, FIRETRUCK
Jonas Brothers stuck in your head, FIRETRUCK
Crash your car, FIRETRUCK
Into your dog, FIRETRUCK
Turns out your dog is your mom, FIRETRUCK-
Wait, so now my mom's a dog?
And your dad
This is just getting ridiculous
You act like that's not normal-
IT ISN'T NORMAL.
It is in Canada
So they have man-dog-women in Canada?
...Yes
Fail science, FIRETRUCK
Eat a pencil, FIRETRUCK
There's over 500 Pokemon, WHAT THE FIRETRUCK?!
Lose the game, FIRETRUCK
David Blaine, FIRETRUCK
Get ran over by a... (what?) FIRETRUCK
So, yeah. Next time you wanna say the F word, just say firetruck. It's more polite.
And if you didn't like this song, go firetruck yourself.
http://wn.com/FIRETRUCK!_Official_Music_Video
BLOOPERS: http://bit.ly/FiretruckBloopers
GET THE SONG: http://smo.sh/WMZv7l
MILKSHAKE MUSIC VIDEO: http://bit.ly/MilkyMilkshake
CHECK OUT THIS FIRETRUCK TEE: http://smo.sh/ZsKdpt
-----------------------------------
In this music video, we give you an alternative to the F-word. Your mother will be pleased.
Special thanks to iJustine for making a cameo: http://youtube.com/ijustine
-----------------------------------
Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com
Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh
Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh
------------LYRICS------------
Now here's the thing about saying firetruck
It starts F and it ends with UCK
So whenever you're in trouble or out of luck
You no longer have to exclaim "OH F**K"
Hey look at that they just bleeped me
Instead say firetruck, it's so easy
And I'd like to take a moment just sit right there
I'll tell you how you can say firetruck anywhere
Stub your toe, FIRETRUCK
Lose your cash, FIRETRUCK
You're naked and your parents come home, FIRETRUCK
Fail your class, FIRETRUCK
Scratch your ass, FIRETRUCK
Clip your nails too short and it hurts, FIRETRUCK
Crap your pants, FIRETRUCK
Bite your tongue, FIRETRUCK
No one shows up to your party, FIRETRUCK
Red Ring of Death, FIRETRUCK
Forget to breathe, FIRETRUCK
Found out your mom is your dad, FIRETRUCK
Say firetruck every chance you see
It's even more fun when it gets bleeped
Say it with me now, don't make this suck
F****************UCK!
-Whoa man, did you just say f**k?
Naw man, I just said Firetruck
-But when you bleep it, it says f**k
Who cares man, we're sayin' firetruck!
Lose your teeth, FIRETRUCK
iPhone bill, FIRETRUCK
Jonas Brothers stuck in your head, FIRETRUCK
Crash your car, FIRETRUCK
Into your dog, FIRETRUCK
Turns out your dog is your mom, FIRETRUCK-
Wait, so now my mom's a dog?
And your dad
This is just getting ridiculous
You act like that's not normal-
IT ISN'T NORMAL.
It is in Canada
So they have man-dog-women in Canada?
...Yes
Fail science, FIRETRUCK
Eat a pencil, FIRETRUCK
There's over 500 Pokemon, WHAT THE FIRETRUCK?!
Lose the game, FIRETRUCK
David Blaine, FIRETRUCK
Get ran over by a... (what?) FIRETRUCK
So, yeah. Next time you wanna say the F word, just say firetruck. It's more polite.
And if you didn't like this song, go firetruck yourself.
- published: 27 Aug 2010
- views: 14154096
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video!
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... Get teehee merch here if ya want!:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Ryan_Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video!
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... Get teehee merch here if ya want!:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 11562987
YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Jimmy Kimmel Live - YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy.
http://wn.com/YouTube_Challenge_I_Told_My_Kids_I_Ate_All_Their_Halloween_Candy
Jimmy Kimmel Live - YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy.
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 41786348
- author: Jimmy Kimmel Live
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx
Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Music Group
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx
Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Music Group
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 203232114
Candy Crush The Movie (Official Fake Trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 11 Jun 2013
Dedicated to all the Candy Crush and Other Phone Game addicts out there!
CANDY CRUSH THE MOVIE
ft. Candy Crush, Fruit Ninja, Angry Birds, Temple Run, Draw Something and That One Girl That Looks Like The Candy Crush Guy.
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... for TEEHEE and LESS THAN THREE merch:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
http://wn.com/Candy_Crush_The_Movie_Official_Fake_Trailer
Dedicated to all the Candy Crush and Other Phone Game addicts out there!
CANDY CRUSH THE MOVIE
ft. Candy Crush, Fruit Ninja, Angry Birds, Temple Run, Draw Something and That One Girl That Looks Like The Candy Crush Guy.
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is MY SITE... for TEEHEE and LESS THAN THREE merch:
http://www.higatv.com
OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM!
http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga
- published: 11 Jun 2013
- views: 7183219
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved at www.rednoseday.com/1D
Music video by One Direction performing One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks). (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited
http://wn.com/One_Direction_One_Way_Or_Another_Teenage_Kicks
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved at www.rednoseday.com/1D
Music video by One Direction performing One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks). (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 154949776
4:00
Avril Lavigne - When You're Gone
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing When You're Gone. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 69...
published: 03 Oct 2009
Avril Lavigne - When You're Gone
Avril Lavigne - When You're Gone
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing When You're Gone. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 696,566 (C) 2007 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment #VEVOCertified on April 23, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 03 Oct 2009
- views: 152283449
2:50
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Two losers take a "how to pick up girl...
published: 31 May 2011
Nice Guys
Nice Guys
Behind the Scenes at http://www.youtube.com/higatv Two losers take a "how to pick up girls" class and realize that Nice Guys finish last which results in the ultimate douches. Get "Nice Guys" on iTunes! http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/nice-guys-single/id441177425 Subscribe to these lovely people: Chester See (Check out Chester's Version) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee Kevjumba (Check out Kev's Version) http://www.youtube.com/kevjumba Dtrix http://www.youtube.com/thedominicshow Cathy Nguyen http://www.youtube.com/lilcdawg Kina Grannis http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis Andy Lange recorded and produced the music. See how he did it in his "Making the Music" video here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oifnuRe8LFI Be sure to subscribe to Andy's channel! http://www.youtube.com/andylangemusic Subscribe to Justin! Filmed and Edited by Justin Safaei http://www.youtube.com/jsafaei- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 48586319
4:28
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCerti...
published: 05 Aug 2010
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Music video by Eminem performing Love The Way You Lie. © 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 13, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 05 Aug 2010
- views: 610544594
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
Eminem - Not Afraid
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 447867503
6:09
Eminem - When I'm Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscop...
published: 16 Jun 2009
Eminem - When I'm Gone
Eminem - When I'm Gone
Music video by Eminem performing When I'm Gone. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 172868943
4:27
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI
Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS
...
published: 10 Nov 2011
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Bruno Mars - It Will Rain [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://atlr.ec/vyzLjI Get the video now! http://atlr.ec/rLVANS 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'It Will Rain' by Bruno Mars from the Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack - available now on Atlantic Records. Directed by Phil Pinto & Bruno Mars http://brunomars.com http://facebook.com/brunomars http://twitter.com/brunomars LYRICS If you ever leave me, baby, Leave some morphine at my door 'Cause it would take a whole lot of medication To realize what we used to have, We don't have it anymore. There's no religion that could save me No matter how long my knees are on the floor (Ooh) So keep in mind all the sacrifices I'm makin' To keep you by my side To keep you from walkin' out the door. 'Cause there'll be no sunlight If I lose you, baby There'll be no clear skies If I lose you, baby Just like the clouds My eyes will do the same, if you walk away Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain I'll never be your mother's favorite Your daddy can't even look me in the eye Ooh, if I was in their shoes, I'd be doing the same thing Sayin' "There goes my little girl Walkin' with that troublesome guy" But they're just afraid of something they can't understand Ooh, but little darlin' watch me change their minds Yeah for you I'll try I'll try I'll try I'll try I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding If that'll make you mine 'Cause there'll be no sunlight If I lose you, baby There'll be no clear skies If I lose you, baby Just like the clouds My eyes will do the same, if you walk away Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain Oh, don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye), Don't just say (don't just say) goodbye (goodbye) I'll pick up these broken pieces 'til I'm bleeding If that'll make it right 'Cause there'll be no sunlight If I lose you, baby There'll be no clear skies If I lose you, baby Just like the clouds My eyes will do the same, if you walk away Everyday it'll rain, rain, ra-a-a-ain- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 175929839
4:39
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19,591,123. (C) 200...
published: 14 Dec 2009
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Rihanna - Rehab ft. Justin Timberlake
Music video by Rihanna performing Rehab. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 19,591,123. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group- published: 14 Dec 2009
- views: 65516063
3:47
Avril Lavigne - Wish You Were Here
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Wish You Were Here. Director: Dave Meyers. (C) 201...
published: 09 Sep 2011
Avril Lavigne - Wish You Were Here
Avril Lavigne - Wish You Were Here
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Wish You Were Here. Director: Dave Meyers. (C) 2011 RCA Records, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment #VEVOCertified on May 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 09 Sep 2011
- views: 169878192
3:48
Avril Lavigne - Girlfriend
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Girlfriend. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 5,361,10...
published: 03 Oct 2009
Avril Lavigne - Girlfriend
Avril Lavigne - Girlfriend
Music video by Avril Lavigne performing Girlfriend. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 5,361,100 (C) 2006 RCA/JIVE Label Group, a unit of Sony Music Entertainment #VEVOCertified on December 3, 2009. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 03 Oct 2009
- views: 216096861
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me A Reason. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 219472266
4:10
P!nk - Try
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by ...
published: 10 Oct 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try
P!nk - Try
The new album, The Truth About Love, Available Now: http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music...- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 96004434
- author: PinkVEVO
2:12
Jabba the Hutt (PewDiePie Song) by Schmoyoho
Check out Schmoyoho! ► http://bit.ly/SchmoyohoChannel
Song Download ► http://bit.ly/Jabba...
published: 14 Sep 2013
Jabba the Hutt (PewDiePie Song) by Schmoyoho
Jabba the Hutt (PewDiePie Song) by Schmoyoho
Check out Schmoyoho! ► http://bit.ly/SchmoyohoChannel Song Download ► http://bit.ly/JabbaTheHuttDownload Click Here To Subscribe! ► http://bit.ly/JoinBroArmy FAQ in this video (lol no one reads this anyway) Q1: Did you make this Pewds? A1: 2:04 Q2: Does your dog only have one eye? A2: Yes, she lost one while sailing the 7 seas. Q3: I have this rash on my butt... A3: Let me take a look at it. Facebook ► http://facebook.com/pewdiepie Twitter ► https://twitter.com/pewdiepie Awesome PewDiePie merch ► Newest collection! http://bit.ly/TshirtsPewdiepie ► http://pewdiepie.spreadshirt.com/ (EU+US) ------------------------------------------- Please: Respect each other in the comments. Thanks for all your support bros, rating the video and leaving a comment is always appreciated! ........... ...................__ ............./´¯/'...'/´¯¯`·¸ ........../'/.../..../......./¨¯\ ........('(...´...´.... ¯~/'...') .........\.................'...../ ..........''...\.......... _.·´ ............\..............( BROFIST ...........- published: 14 Sep 2013
- views: 10160542
2:44
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb
We're coming to SINGAPORE ...
published: 05 Jul 2013
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
CUPS!! - Pitch Perfect - Sam Tsui, Alex G, Kina Grannis, Kurt Schneider
Check out this Coca Cola video I did!! :) http://bit.ly/12T5qlb We're coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS Grab our version of Cups here: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cups-when-im-gone-single/id670084540 We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store _______________________________ GET IN TOUCH! SAM TSUI: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/samtsuimusic Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/samueltsui Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/thesamtsui KURT SCHNEIDER: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschne... Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kurthugoschneider KINA GRANNIS: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kinagrannis Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kinagrannis Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/kinagrannis ALEX G: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/HelloAlexG Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/AlexGMusic7 Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/AlexGMusic7 _______________________________ "Cups (When I'm Gone)" -- originally by The Carter Family, more recently Lulu and the Lampshades and then Anna Kendrick from the 2012 film, 'Pitch Perfect'. Written by: A.P. Carter, Luisa Gerstein and Heloise Tunstall-Behrens Published by: Peer International & BMG Gold Songs- published: 05 Jul 2013
- views: 9302401
4:24
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Grou...
published: 05 Dec 2009
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
Rihanna - Russian Roulette
Music video by Rihanna performing Russian Roulette. (C) 2009 The Island Def Jam Music Group- published: 05 Dec 2009
- views: 110769622
Vimeo results:
2:48
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes...
published: 24 Apr 2012
author: Daily Tous Les Jours
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes over a high-traffic area in Montréal’s Quartier des spectacles and sets a collective ritual. The installation offers a fresh look at the idea of cooperation, the notion that we can achieve more together than separately.
The result is a giant instrument made of 21 musical swings; each swing in motion triggers different notes, all the swings together compose a piece, but some sounds only emerge from cooperation.
The project stimulates ownership of the public space, bringing together people of all ages and backgrounds, and creating a place for playing and hanging out in the middle of the city centre.
A traveling version of the project is currently being made for these collective moments to spread around the world.
dailytouslesjours.com
A Project by Daily tous les jours
Created by Mouna Andraos & Melissa Mongiat
Executive Producer Antoine Clayette (2012), Hugues Monfroy
(2011)
Music Radwan Ghazi Moumneh
Concept Team Dominique Côté, Alexandre Landry, Yolène Leroux, Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Design Sébastien Dallaire, Alexandre Landry
Technical Direction Eva Schindling
Production Coordinator Tara DeSimone
Technological Partner ESKI
Technical Direction Vincent Leclerc
Project Manager Josiane Mercier
Programming Patrick Keroulas, Vincent de Belleval
Production Philippe Savard, Marc-André Tessier
Video Geoffrey Boulangé
0:33
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than l...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Jo Hamilton Art
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than life portraits in yarn from start to finish. In my work I use a traditional basic crochet technique taught to me at an early age by my Gran. I work one knot at a time, from the inside out, row by row. I always begin my crochet portraits in the middle with the eyes and work out from there until the piece is completed. I work directly from photographs, using no sketches, graphs or computer imaging. Nothing is planned ahead; I make it up as I go along. I spend a lot of time simply looking, unraveling, and reworking until I get it right. To make this video I photographed the work after each new yarn colour or two was added, and edited the photos into a sequence. This 30 second sequence contains over 300 photos of the work in progress. The portrait is of my dear friend Arthur Cheesman, who is sadly no longer with us. Website www.johamiltonart.com. Music by Aikamusic/Goldcard.
4:51
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
...
published: 17 Feb 2013
author: La Blogotheque
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
Director of Photography: Fabien Benzaquen
Art Direction / Stylism: Colin Johnco & Ylva Falk
Hair: Eugene Davis
Make-up: Abigail Johnson
Editor: David Poucet
Color Grading: Julien Hery (Royal Post)
Produced by La Blogothèque: Matthieu Buchsenschutz & Chryde
Lianne La Havas no longer needs any introduction; her trajectory has been well documented. Her name has become synonymous with beautiful, soulful, emotive songs about heartbreak. Aged 22, her debut album reached number 4 in the UK album charts, was nominated for this years Mercury Music Prize and she can now count Stevie Wonder, Prince, Erykah Badu, Bon Iver and Jill Scott as fans.
Lianne announces the release of a two-part video with Noisey.com and Essence.com for singles "Elusive" and "Gone". Director Colin Solal Cardo (La Blogotheque) said of their partnership:
"I've been collaborating with Lianne for more than a year now, but working on this project felt like something completely new. Lianne's a brilliant storyteller, there's a true cinematic quality to her songs. When you listen to them, you go through all these emotions and narratives, like a collection of short movies. We felt like it was finally time to build a world around these songs, give life to these love stories and let Lianne actually become these characters. Be it a candid young girl falling in love, or a heartbroken femme fatale in the middle of the woods. I feel fortunate for the trust relationship I have with Lianne, it's something any music video director has to cherish because it's rare and precious. Ultimately, that's what allows an ambitious project like this one to exist."
3:20
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental film...
published: 09 Dec 2009
author: HUMBLE TV
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental films by our in-house directing collaborative, Hydra. Conceived of and directed by Sam Stephens, Homunculus is a dark and twisted fable of spontaneous generation and untrammeled id. Taking its title from the Latin word for "Little Human", the piece is an associative mashup between the two concepts behind the word: The first being middle-age alchemical beliefs that "little men" could be spontaneous generated from dead or decaying matter. The second being Carl Jung's usage as a personification of pure id. These ideas, combined with our love of Dutch still life's "beautiful decay," sowed the seeds for this unique little monster of a film.
The Hydra team assembled an entire still-life spread; fruits, cheeses, flowers, fish, and an uncooked pheasant. They then sealed it off in a 6x6 foot plexiglass box. 3 DSLrs, set at varying angles, were set to shoot a frame every 5 minutes for 11 days. Meanwhile, co-director Chris Mauch began to design a series of "little men," some cute and cuddly, some not so much. In Maya, Chris and our team of volunteer animators and modelers began to build and rig the creatures.
Over the course of 4 months, in between jobs and on weekends, Sam, Chris, and the team pieced together the sometimes funny, sometimes disturbing madcap narrative --a mixture of Tex Avery cartoons and H.R. Giger inspired body horror.
True to its subject, and to the surprise of its producers, what was to be a small 30 second blip organically grew into an entire HD short film. With the completion of the 12-tone score by Koven Smith and the surround sound mix by Joe Muiccio, we're pleased to premiere our furry little labor of love. Please enjoy...hopefully on an empty-ish stomach.
Youtube results:
3:12
Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]
Unorthodox Jukebox available now http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox
Directed By: Cameron...
published: 14 Jun 2013
Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]
Bruno Mars - Treasure [Official Music Video]
Unorthodox Jukebox available now http://smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox Directed By: Cameron Duddy & Bruno Mars German fans watch here: http://www.dooloop.tv/video/3967871/bruno-mars-treasure Get tickets for the Moonshine Jungle World Tour http://brunomars.com/moonshinejungletour http://brunomars.com https://twitter.com/brunomars http://facebook.com/brunomars- published: 14 Jun 2013
- views: 61935816
4:02
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops
New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" ava...
published: 08 Sep 2010
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Bruno Mars - Just The Way You Are [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops New single "Locked Out Of Heaven" available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/looh © 2011 WMG. The official music video for 'Just The Way You Are' by Bruno Mars from doo-wops and hooligans - available now on Elektra Records! Directed by Ethan Lader Inspired by the artwork of Erika Iris Simmons http://brunomars.com http://facebook.com/brunomars http://twitter.com/brunomars LYRICS Oh, her eyes, her eyes, make the stars look like they're not shining Her hair, her hair, falls perfectly without her trying She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day Yeah, I know, I know, when I compliment her she won't believe me And it's so, it's so, sad to think that she don't see what I see But every time she asks me do I look ok, I say When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change Cause you're amazing, just the way you are And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah. Her lips, her lips, I could kiss them all day if she let me Her laugh, her laugh, she hates but I think it's so sexy She's so beautiful, and I tell her every day Oh, you know, you know, you know, I'd never ask you to change If perfect's what you're searching for then just stay the same So, don't even bother asking if you look ok You know I'll say When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change Cause you're amazing, just the way you are And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while Because girl you're amazing, just the way you are The way you are, the way you are Girl you're amazing, just the way you are When I see your face, there's not a thing that I would change Cause you're amazing, just the way you are And when you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while Cause girl you're amazing, just the way you are. Yeah.- published: 08 Sep 2010
- views: 331946701
3:58
"Beauty And A Beat" - Justin Bieber (Alex Goot, Kurt Schneider, and Chrissy Costanza Cover)
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS
I'm coming to SINGAPORE and H...
published: 05 Jan 2013
"Beauty And A Beat" - Justin Bieber (Alex Goot, Kurt Schneider, and Chrissy Costanza Cover)
"Beauty And A Beat" - Justin Bieber (Alex Goot, Kurt Schneider, and Chrissy Costanza Cover)
SUBSCRIBE! I promise, it's fun :1 http://bit.ly/SubscribeKHS I'm coming to SINGAPORE and HONG KONG!! tickets: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/tour Had a blast making this video with Alex and Chrissy! If you like it, it's on iTunes here: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/beauty-beat-ft.-kurt-schneider/id591439425 And check out some behind the scenes fun here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH320hMQFKY We just opened an online store with shirts, cd's and other cool stuff here: http://www.kurthugoschneider.com/store _______________________ GET IN TOUCH! ALEX GOOT: YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/GootMusic Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/gootmusic Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/alexgoot KURT SCHNEIDER YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/KurtHugoSchneider Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kurthugoschneider Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/kurthschneider CHRISSY COSTANZA (from Against The Current) YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/AgainstTheCurrentNY Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/againstthecurrentband Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/ChrissyCostanza _______________ "Beauty and a Beat" - originally by Justin Bieber ft. Nicki Minaj Written by: Max Martin, Anton Zaslavski, Savan Kotecha, Onika Maraj Published by: Kobalt Music Publishing, Universal Music Publishing & Gema- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 43815006
4:06
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 21 Dec 2011
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
David Guetta - Titanium ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 206129443
- author: davidguettavevo
3:50
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C...
published: 30 Nov 2009
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66,288,884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 107149318
5:15
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records
#VEVOCertified on Jul...
published: 29 Sep 2010
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
Eminem - No Love (Explicit Version) ft. Lil Wayne
Music video by Eminem performing No Love. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on July 30, 2012. http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 29 Sep 2010
- views: 126453396
3:58
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it...
published: 28 Sep 2012
author: davidguettavevo
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
David Guetta - She Wolf (Falling To Pieces) ft. Sia
From the album Nothing But The Beat Ultimate - Download on iTunes here: http://smarturl.it/NBTBiTunes?IQid=vevo Featuring Sia, Ne-Yo, Akon, Nicki Minaj, Flo ...- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 176875018
- author: davidguettavevo
4:51
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry ...
published: 11 Nov 2011
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
Katy Perry - The One That Got Away
Sometimes you promise someone forever but it doesn't work out that way. Watch Katy Perry and Diego Luna star in the sixth chapter of the "Teenage Dream" story. Do you have "The One That Got Away"? Download "The One That Got Away", the sixth single off Katy's album 'Teenage Dream' here: http://goo.gl/LYiQG Music video by Katy Perry performing The One That Got Away. Directed by: Floria Sigismondi / Produced by: Jannie McInnes & Danny Lockwood (P) (C) 2011 Capitol Records, LLC. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records, LLC, 1750 North Vine Street, Hollywood, CA 90028. #VEVOCertified on April 22, 2012. http://www.vevo.com/certified...- published: 11 Nov 2011
- views: 191776833
4:25
Eminem - Space Bound
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records...
published: 27 Jun 2011
Eminem - Space Bound
Eminem - Space Bound
Eminem performing Space Bound. buy now http://bit.ly/lVFDxd © 2010 Aftermath Records- published: 27 Jun 2011
- views: 100449557
4:12
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeu...
published: 28 Jun 2013
author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Lyric Video)
Lyric video for Avicii - Wake Me Up. Out now on: Itunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Universal...- published: 28 Jun 2013
- views: 69855928
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
4:13
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Record...
published: 06 Jun 2013
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
Taylor Swift - Everything Has Changed ft. Ed Sheeran
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Everything Has Changed. (C) 2013 Big Machine Records, LLC.- published: 06 Jun 2013
- views: 41450986
4:29
Evolution of Music - Pentatonix
ORDER "PTX VOL. 1" HERE! http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/ptx-volume-1/id534570842 http...
published: 15 Apr 2013
author: PTXofficial
Evolution of Music - Pentatonix
Evolution of Music - Pentatonix
ORDER "PTX VOL. 1" HERE! http://itunes.apple.com/us/preorder/ptx-volume-1/id534570842 http://www.ptxofficial.com http://www.twitter.com/ptxofficial @ptxoffic...- published: 15 Apr 2013
- views: 16597084
- author: PTXofficial
3:56
Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on...
published: 22 Nov 2010
author: Bruno Mars
Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Bruno Mars - Grenade [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Available now on iTunes! http://smarturl.it/Doo-Wops 'Unorthodox Jukebox' available now on iTunes! http://www.smarturl.it/unorthodoxjukebox © 2010 WMG. The o...- published: 22 Nov 2010
- views: 309041826
- author: Bruno Mars
3:34
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras
DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8
...
published: 18 Nov 2011
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
THE LEGEND OF ZELDA RAP [MUSIC VIDEO]
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/ZELDAxtras DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://smo.sh/13NrBp8 DOWNLOAD UNCENSORED SONG: http://smo.sh/WMYpsf GET LEGEND OF SMOSH TEE: http://smo.sh/XkYJ7y COLLECT THE HYRULE HISTORIA: http://amzn.to/Zkkr9b ------------------------------------ Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh ==LYRICS== Yeah my name is Link, man, I'm more well known than Lil Wayne Oh you thought my name was Zelda? THAT'S A F**KING GIRL'S NAME! I've saved the world like fifteen times and and saved the princess from demise And I do it all alone, with no help and no advice "Hey, Look, Listen" Hey, look, listen, you f**king annoying fairy I'd rather be forced to listen to constant Katy Perry I think it's time I got some recognition, don't you think? Legend of Zelda? SCREW THAT! Legend of LINK. ---------- 'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil ---------- I'll break all your pots and I best not hear your bitchin' I've got the Triforce of courage, BITCH! So you better listen (that's right) I'm called bushwhacker and my bank account's maxed out Got 999 rupees and my leather wallet's packed now Can't back down, can't slack now, the world needs me to attack now Yet I'm forced to pay out the ass for these bombs in Castle Town Just give me some heart containers and let me spit on my ocarina So I can kick that dumbass Ganon all the way to Argentina ---------- 'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel And he ain't gonna stop 'til the world is free of evil ---------- Yo, you low-life elf, need a ride up to the North Pole? Santa's got a thing for elfs and he's getting' his marriage annulled. You really think saving the princess will convince me you're straight? (Ha-ha!) The "Uggs and Skirt" fad is so 2008! Oh snap, it's Ganondorf tryin' to jock on my style Batman's cape, Lincoln's beard, were you dressed by a child? You're a ginger with no soul and you look like a f**king troll Isn't kidnapping helpless girls getting a little bit old? You think Zelda's stupid enough to get kidnapped so often? She runs off to my castle, into my room and begs to get locked in. Yeah, she's sick of your little Deku nuts and your girly fairy face L-I-N-K? More like L-I-N-Gay. Man, you should've been aborted, just like the Jersey Shore It's a damn lie you told about Zelda 'cause she loves my master sword It's a shame your whole life's been a waste trying to rule Hyrule 'cause today will be the day known as "The day you got schooled" ---------- 'Cause he's the L to the I to the N to the K Wears tights every day, don't give a damn what you say Got bigger balls than even Evel Knievel And he ain't gon' stop 'til the world is free of evil ---------- This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends: ==CREDITS== Written, Directed, Produced: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox Producer: Ryan Todd (http://youtube.com/electrongunvidz) Director of Photography: John Alexander Jimenez Editor & FX: Anthony Padilla & Michael Barryte (http://youtube.com/belatedmedia) Post Production Supervisor: Ryan Finnerty ==SONG CREDITS== -Beat by: Taylor Lipari (http://youtube.com/taylorlipari) -Lyrics: Anthony Padilla & Ian Hecox -Final Mix & Vocal Recording: Peter DeLeon -Link Vocals: Ian Hecox -Ganondorf Vocals: Anthony Padilla -Zelda Vocals: Kresta Ria Tabaranza (http://youtube.com/KO0LSAUCE) -Hook Melody: Ryan Finnerty -Vocals Recorded at: Track Shack Studios ==CAST== -Link: Ian Hecox -Zelda: Jacqueline Goehner (http://youtube.com/jackiegoehner) -Ganondorf: Anthony Padilla -Tingle: Anthony Padilla -Bomb Shopkeeper: Ethan Ireland -Santa Claus: Gary Agid ==ADDITIONAL CREW== -Link, Zelda, Ganondorf Costume Design & Assistant Make-up: Jacqueline Goehner -Make-up & Tingle Costume Design: Paula Barkley -Ganondorf Make-up & prosthetics: Margaret Cargan -Colorist: Mike Burton -Assembly Editor: Elyjah Wilber -Art Director: Patrick Egan -Additional props: Jacqueline Goehner -Production Designer (Castle Walls): Edward Duffy -Set Painter: Lynn Malmberg -Assistant Director: Ethan Ireland -Gaffer: Tobija A. Annis -Grips: Jon Hooker & Brian Rife -Casting Director: Julliane Gabert -Production Assistant: Frank Cosgriff -Audio Playback: Palmer Taylor -Set Studio provided by: SIMZ productions -Grip & Electric provided by: GRIP SERVICES -Outdoor Location provided by: Kathleen Dodge with El Dorado Film commission -Filmed at Lake Tahoe & Sacramento, CA HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description.- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 42266282
3:12
Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)
The official video for Martin Garrix' monster track 'Animals'! Subscribe to Spinnin' TV NO...
published: 17 Jun 2013
Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)
Martin Garrix - Animals (Official Video)
The official video for Martin Garrix' monster track 'Animals'! Subscribe to Spinnin' TV NOW: http://bit.ly/SPINNINTV Download on Beatport: http://btprt.dj/19cYwWG Download on iTunes: http://www.smarturl.it/MGANIMALS Martin Garrix on Facebook: http://facebook.com/martingarrixofficial Directed by: http://markloonen.nl Produced by: http://visionairies.nl- published: 17 Jun 2013
- views: 36892285
4:56
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group
#VEV...
published: 23 Nov 2009
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 159814295
4:33
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Official Video)
Wake Me Up (Official Video) by Avicii. Out now on: iTunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakem...
published: 29 Jul 2013
author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Official Video)
Avicii - Wake Me Up (Official Video)
Wake Me Up (Official Video) by Avicii. Out now on: iTunes - visit http://smarturl.it/wakemeup Spotify - http://smarturl.it/aviciiwakemeup Released on Univers...- published: 29 Jul 2013
- views: 27818200
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Vimeo results:
2:48
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes...
published: 24 Apr 2012
author: Daily Tous Les Jours
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes over a high-traffic area in Montréal’s Quartier des spectacles and sets a collective ritual. The installation offers a fresh look at the idea of cooperation, the notion that we can achieve more together than separately.
The result is a giant instrument made of 21 musical swings; each swing in motion triggers different notes, all the swings together compose a piece, but some sounds only emerge from cooperation.
The project stimulates ownership of the public space, bringing together people of all ages and backgrounds, and creating a place for playing and hanging out in the middle of the city centre.
A traveling version of the project is currently being made for these collective moments to spread around the world.
dailytouslesjours.com
A Project by Daily tous les jours
Created by Mouna Andraos & Melissa Mongiat
Executive Producer Antoine Clayette (2012), Hugues Monfroy
(2011)
Music Radwan Ghazi Moumneh
Concept Team Dominique Côté, Alexandre Landry, Yolène Leroux, Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Design Sébastien Dallaire, Alexandre Landry
Technical Direction Eva Schindling
Production Coordinator Tara DeSimone
Technological Partner ESKI
Technical Direction Vincent Leclerc
Project Manager Josiane Mercier
Programming Patrick Keroulas, Vincent de Belleval
Production Philippe Savard, Marc-André Tessier
Video Geoffrey Boulangé
0:33
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than l...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Jo Hamilton Art
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than life portraits in yarn from start to finish. In my work I use a traditional basic crochet technique taught to me at an early age by my Gran. I work one knot at a time, from the inside out, row by row. I always begin my crochet portraits in the middle with the eyes and work out from there until the piece is completed. I work directly from photographs, using no sketches, graphs or computer imaging. Nothing is planned ahead; I make it up as I go along. I spend a lot of time simply looking, unraveling, and reworking until I get it right. To make this video I photographed the work after each new yarn colour or two was added, and edited the photos into a sequence. This 30 second sequence contains over 300 photos of the work in progress. The portrait is of my dear friend Arthur Cheesman, who is sadly no longer with us. Website www.johamiltonart.com. Music by Aikamusic/Goldcard.
4:51
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
...
published: 17 Feb 2013
author: La Blogotheque
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
Director of Photography: Fabien Benzaquen
Art Direction / Stylism: Colin Johnco & Ylva Falk
Hair: Eugene Davis
Make-up: Abigail Johnson
Editor: David Poucet
Color Grading: Julien Hery (Royal Post)
Produced by La Blogothèque: Matthieu Buchsenschutz & Chryde
Lianne La Havas no longer needs any introduction; her trajectory has been well documented. Her name has become synonymous with beautiful, soulful, emotive songs about heartbreak. Aged 22, her debut album reached number 4 in the UK album charts, was nominated for this years Mercury Music Prize and she can now count Stevie Wonder, Prince, Erykah Badu, Bon Iver and Jill Scott as fans.
Lianne announces the release of a two-part video with Noisey.com and Essence.com for singles "Elusive" and "Gone". Director Colin Solal Cardo (La Blogotheque) said of their partnership:
"I've been collaborating with Lianne for more than a year now, but working on this project felt like something completely new. Lianne's a brilliant storyteller, there's a true cinematic quality to her songs. When you listen to them, you go through all these emotions and narratives, like a collection of short movies. We felt like it was finally time to build a world around these songs, give life to these love stories and let Lianne actually become these characters. Be it a candid young girl falling in love, or a heartbroken femme fatale in the middle of the woods. I feel fortunate for the trust relationship I have with Lianne, it's something any music video director has to cherish because it's rare and precious. Ultimately, that's what allows an ambitious project like this one to exist."
3:20
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental film...
published: 09 Dec 2009
author: HUMBLE TV
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental films by our in-house directing collaborative, Hydra. Conceived of and directed by Sam Stephens, Homunculus is a dark and twisted fable of spontaneous generation and untrammeled id. Taking its title from the Latin word for "Little Human", the piece is an associative mashup between the two concepts behind the word: The first being middle-age alchemical beliefs that "little men" could be spontaneous generated from dead or decaying matter. The second being Carl Jung's usage as a personification of pure id. These ideas, combined with our love of Dutch still life's "beautiful decay," sowed the seeds for this unique little monster of a film.
The Hydra team assembled an entire still-life spread; fruits, cheeses, flowers, fish, and an uncooked pheasant. They then sealed it off in a 6x6 foot plexiglass box. 3 DSLrs, set at varying angles, were set to shoot a frame every 5 minutes for 11 days. Meanwhile, co-director Chris Mauch began to design a series of "little men," some cute and cuddly, some not so much. In Maya, Chris and our team of volunteer animators and modelers began to build and rig the creatures.
Over the course of 4 months, in between jobs and on weekends, Sam, Chris, and the team pieced together the sometimes funny, sometimes disturbing madcap narrative --a mixture of Tex Avery cartoons and H.R. Giger inspired body horror.
True to its subject, and to the surprise of its producers, what was to be a small 30 second blip organically grew into an entire HD short film. With the completion of the 12-tone score by Koven Smith and the surround sound mix by Joe Muiccio, we're pleased to premiere our furry little labor of love. Please enjoy...hopefully on an empty-ish stomach.
Youtube results:
3:38
One Direction - Little Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now!
Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Thin...
published: 02 Nov 2012
One Direction - Little Things
One Direction - Little Things
TAKE ME HOME The brand new album out now! Featuring Live While We're Young and Little Things. iTunes: http://smarturl.it/takemehome1D Amazon: http://amzn.to/OXqkoD Official Store: http://myplay.me/vxl Music video by One Direction performing Little Things. (C) 2012 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 128843708
3:19
Avicii - Levels
Buy Avicii Levels EP- http://www.smarturl.it/AviciiLevelsEP iTunes Australia http://itunes...
published: 29 Nov 2011
author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
Avicii - Levels
Avicii - Levels
Buy Avicii Levels EP- http://www.smarturl.it/AviciiLevelsEP iTunes Australia http://itunes.apple.com/au/album/levels/id475906408?i=475906909 iTunes UK http:/...- published: 29 Nov 2011
- views: 70438782
- author: AviciiOfficialVEVO
3:39
Skrillex & Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley - Make It Bun Dem [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Buy the track here: http://atlr.ec/TZ8yBf Directed by Tony T. Datis....
published: 06 Sep 2012
author: TheOfficialSkrillex
Skrillex & Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley - Make It Bun Dem [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Skrillex & Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley - Make It Bun Dem [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
Buy the track here: http://atlr.ec/TZ8yBf Directed by Tony T. Datis.- published: 06 Sep 2012
- views: 52020519
- author: TheOfficialSkrillex
4:07
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt
WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS...
published: 26 Oct 2012
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
ULTIMATE ASSASSIN'S CREED 3 SONG [Music Video]
GET THE SHIRT! http://bit.ly/DeathBlowTShirt WATCH BLOOPERS & MORE: http://bit.ly/AC3XTRAS DOWNLOAD THE SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Clean DOWNLOAD THE UNCENSORED SONG: http://bit.ly/AC3Xplicit WE BASED SOME OF THE SCENES ON THIS AWESOME INTERACTIVE TRAILER, SO CHECK IT OUT: http://bit.ly/AC3trailer GET TOMAHAWK GEAR HERE: http://smo.sh/172R5kQ GET ASSASSIN'S CREED III NOW: http://amzn.to/VSGMrN ●LYRICS● How many fools can I kill today? Too many to count, don't get in my way I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow Tomahawk chop is my death blow Freedom fightin' machine, big-ass hatchet in hand Why'd you have to kill my bros? I'm-a slash your face, man I'm a very skilled assassin killin' dudes in ones and twos Blood flowin' like a river, need a box of tissues When I'm huntin', I be stuntin', you can never find me In the bushes, in the hay stacks, in your mother's laundry Watch me comin', free runnin', up the walls like a boss What you lookin' at, bitch? Taste my tomahawk chop! How many fools can I kill today? Too many to count, don't get in my way I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow Tomahawk chop is my death blow From Boston to NY, always up to no good Don't know how I can see out this big-ass hood Walkin' through the crowds touchin' you on the back Using my hidden blade for a secret attack Jumpin' off of giant buildings like I was a super man Use your momma as a meat shield every time that I can Take a break from the war to hunt for some meat What? A man's gotta eat... How many fools can I kill today? Too many to count, don't get in my way I shoot a mofo in the throat with my bow Tomahawk chop is my death blow Up first in the verse feel the clack of wooden teeth Bread and butter, lift the covers and you'll find the fu**in' heat Revolution I lead, with the world I got beef I dig my wigs powdered, wear boxers- I don't wear briefs You can't step up to me and my gang Horse and carriage, drive bys, bullet in the chamb' Ridin' over your clique like the Delaware, son I'll get my face on that dollar before this sh*t's done How many fools can I kill today? Too many to count, don't get in my way I shoot those mofos in the throat with my bow Tomahawk chop is my death blow ... This video is extra special to us, so we went all-out this time and got a ton of help from our amazing friends: ●CREDITS● Produced & Directed by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Todd Music Produced by Peter de Leon & Ryan Todd Mixed by Peter de Leon Written by Ian Hecox, Anthony Padilla & Ryan Finnerty Assistant Director - Frank Cosgriff Cinematographer - John Alexander Jimenez Assistant Camera - Phil Mohr, Ivan Harder Makeup & Wardrobe - Paula Barkley Asst. Wardrober - Felicia Gomez Connor Costume - Jackie Goehner Key Grip/Gaffer - Kerry Sweeney Grip/Electric - Jon Hooker, Lee Eisenhower Set Designer - Edward Duffy Scenic - Lynn Malmburg Set design PA - Lynne Perry, Nathan Bruner, Jon Hooker, Peter Van Dyke Art Director - Patrick Egan Set Dresser - Heidi Boucher Art PA - Karl Mollohan Post-production Supervisor - Ryan Finnerty Editors - Anthony Padilla, Michael Barryte, Ryan Todd CG & Effects - Michael Barryte & Sney Noorani Assistant Editor - Justin Dailey DIT & Colorist - Mike Burton Key Production Assistant - Brad Westerbeck Production Assistant - Rachel Behrmann Casting - Julianne Gabert ●CAST● Connor Kenway - Anthony Padilla George Washington - Ian Hecox British General - Keenan Johnston Benjamin Franklin - Steven Sommers General's Mother - Maggie Adair Upton Angry Commoner - Ernesto S. Bustos Dancing British Soldier - Travis S. Zeiler Arrow to the neck soldier - Lee Eisenhower Ax to the face soldier - Elyjah Wibur British Guards Alan D. Beck, Ricky Borba, David Chernyavsky, Dan Fagan, K.C. Farrell, Keith Lowell Jensen, Jason A. Manoogian, Zachary Peters Common Folk Paula Barkley, Dan Beard, Telly "Leatherface" Blackwood,Sean Boncato, Bob Casper, Sheryl Casper, Robyn Colburn,Christa Cranmer, Kathleen DeVries, Scot Free, Lauryn Gardner,Pryor Hudson, Josephine Longo, Krystina Mae, Gary Pannullo,Ken Pohl, Christa Quinn, West Ramsey, Tanner Robinson,Gillian Tarkington, Dawn Towle, La Tasha Yvette Dance Choreographer - Joshua Comprendio Colonial Dancers Danny Abdon, Green (Chris Gaskell), Cali Kid (Rex Feliciano),jmocak (Jerel Mascarinas), Nitda Cee (Wanitda Chotisen), Candace Roybal ●Special thanks● The City of Placerville & Kathleen Dodge with the El Dorado Film Commission The Carry House Hotel Jim Davies at Shadow Ridge Ranch ... HOLY FIRETRUCK! You made it to the end of this description. You deserve a cookie. But which kind would you like?!- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 40962834
3:49
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, L...
published: 16 Jun 2009
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
Taylor Swift - You Belong With Me
Music video by Taylor Swift performing You Belong With Me. (C) 2009 Big Machine Records, LLC #VEVOCertified on April 16, 2011. http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube.com/vevocertified- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 270535565
3:47
Bromance (Official Music Video)
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Ly...
published: 21 Mar 2012
author: nigahiga
Bromance (Official Music Video)
Bromance (Official Music Video)
Get the song at: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bromance-single/id512264961 Music and Lyrics by Chester See (The Singer) http://www.youtube.com/chestersee ...- published: 21 Mar 2012
- views: 21915393
- author: nigahiga
4:33
Bryan Adams - Heaven (Boyce Avenue feat. Megan Nicole acoustic cover) on iTunes & Spotify
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV...
published: 27 May 2012
author: boyceavenue
Bryan Adams - Heaven (Boyce Avenue feat. Megan Nicole acoustic cover) on iTunes & Spotify
Bryan Adams - Heaven (Boyce Avenue feat. Megan Nicole acoustic cover) on iTunes & Spotify
Tickets + VIP Meet & Greets: http://smarturl.it/BATour iTunes: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2d Spotify: http://smarturl.it/BoyceCCV2dSpotify Boyce Avenue feat....- published: 27 May 2012
- views: 14046708
- author: boyceavenue
3:57
Taylor Swift - Love Story
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Love Story. (C) 2008 Big Machine Records, LLC...
published: 16 Jun 2009
Taylor Swift - Love Story
Taylor Swift - Love Story
Music video by Taylor Swift performing Love Story. (C) 2008 Big Machine Records, LLC- published: 16 Jun 2009
- views: 134980742
2:48
FIRETRUCK! (Official Music Video)
BLOOPERS: http://bit.ly/FiretruckBloopers
GET THE SONG: http://smo.sh/WMZv7l
MILKSHAKE MU...
published: 27 Aug 2010
FIRETRUCK! (Official Music Video)
FIRETRUCK! (Official Music Video)
BLOOPERS: http://bit.ly/FiretruckBloopers GET THE SONG: http://smo.sh/WMZv7l MILKSHAKE MUSIC VIDEO: http://bit.ly/MilkyMilkshake CHECK OUT THIS FIRETRUCK TEE: http://smo.sh/ZsKdpt ----------------------------------- In this music video, we give you an alternative to the F-word. Your mother will be pleased. Special thanks to iJustine for making a cameo: http://youtube.com/ijustine ----------------------------------- Hey it's our very own website: http://smosh.com Oh and our Facebook page: http://facebook.com/smosh Want to know when we're filming and/or pooping? Now you can: http://twitter.com/smosh ------------LYRICS------------ Now here's the thing about saying firetruck It starts F and it ends with UCK So whenever you're in trouble or out of luck You no longer have to exclaim "OH F**K" Hey look at that they just bleeped me Instead say firetruck, it's so easy And I'd like to take a moment just sit right there I'll tell you how you can say firetruck anywhere Stub your toe, FIRETRUCK Lose your cash, FIRETRUCK You're naked and your parents come home, FIRETRUCK Fail your class, FIRETRUCK Scratch your ass, FIRETRUCK Clip your nails too short and it hurts, FIRETRUCK Crap your pants, FIRETRUCK Bite your tongue, FIRETRUCK No one shows up to your party, FIRETRUCK Red Ring of Death, FIRETRUCK Forget to breathe, FIRETRUCK Found out your mom is your dad, FIRETRUCK Say firetruck every chance you see It's even more fun when it gets bleeped Say it with me now, don't make this suck F****************UCK! -Whoa man, did you just say f**k? Naw man, I just said Firetruck -But when you bleep it, it says f**k Who cares man, we're sayin' firetruck! Lose your teeth, FIRETRUCK iPhone bill, FIRETRUCK Jonas Brothers stuck in your head, FIRETRUCK Crash your car, FIRETRUCK Into your dog, FIRETRUCK Turns out your dog is your mom, FIRETRUCK- Wait, so now my mom's a dog? And your dad This is just getting ridiculous You act like that's not normal- IT ISN'T NORMAL. It is in Canada So they have man-dog-women in Canada? ...Yes Fail science, FIRETRUCK Eat a pencil, FIRETRUCK There's over 500 Pokemon, WHAT THE FIRETRUCK?! Lose the game, FIRETRUCK David Blaine, FIRETRUCK Get ran over by a... (what?) FIRETRUCK So, yeah. Next time you wanna say the F word, just say firetruck. It's more polite. And if you didn't like this song, go firetruck yourself.- published: 27 Aug 2010
- views: 14154096
7:35
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my D...
published: 11 Apr 2013
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video! Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs: http://www.youtube.com/higatv Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff http://www.facebook.com/higatv Oh and here is MY SITE... Get teehee merch here if ya want!: http://www.higatv.com OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM! http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 11562987
3:56
YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy
Jimmy Kimmel Live - YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy....
published: 03 Nov 2011
author: Jimmy Kimmel Live
YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy
YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy
Jimmy Kimmel Live - YouTube Challenge - I Told My Kids I Ate All Their Halloween Candy.- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 41786348
- author: Jimmy Kimmel Live
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx
Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Music Group- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 203232114
3:37
Candy Crush The Movie (Official Fake Trailer)
Dedicated to all the Candy Crush and Other Phone Game addicts out there!
CANDY CRUSH THE...
published: 11 Jun 2013
Candy Crush The Movie (Official Fake Trailer)
Candy Crush The Movie (Official Fake Trailer)
Dedicated to all the Candy Crush and Other Phone Game addicts out there! CANDY CRUSH THE MOVIE ft. Candy Crush, Fruit Ninja, Angry Birds, Temple Run, Draw Something and That One Girl That Looks Like The Candy Crush Guy. Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs: http://www.youtube.com/higatv Follow me on TWITTER for more useless stuff about me http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga Like my FACEBOOK page if you're into that sorta stuff http://www.facebook.com/higatv Oh and here is MY SITE... for TEEHEE and LESS THAN THREE merch: http://www.higatv.com OR see some boring pics of me on INSTAGRAM! http://www.instagram.com/notryanhiga- published: 11 Jun 2013
- views: 7183219
3:23
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing somet...
published: 20 Feb 2013
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved at www.rednoseday.com/1D Music video by One Direction performing One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks). (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive license to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 154949776
Vimeo results:
2:48
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes...
published: 24 Apr 2012
author: Daily Tous Les Jours
21 Balançoires (21 Swings)
21 Swings
Exercise in musical cooperation
Every spring, an interactive installation takes over a high-traffic area in Montréal’s Quartier des spectacles and sets a collective ritual. The installation offers a fresh look at the idea of cooperation, the notion that we can achieve more together than separately.
The result is a giant instrument made of 21 musical swings; each swing in motion triggers different notes, all the swings together compose a piece, but some sounds only emerge from cooperation.
The project stimulates ownership of the public space, bringing together people of all ages and backgrounds, and creating a place for playing and hanging out in the middle of the city centre.
A traveling version of the project is currently being made for these collective moments to spread around the world.
dailytouslesjours.com
A Project by Daily tous les jours
Created by Mouna Andraos & Melissa Mongiat
Executive Producer Antoine Clayette (2012), Hugues Monfroy
(2011)
Music Radwan Ghazi Moumneh
Concept Team Dominique Côté, Alexandre Landry, Yolène Leroux, Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Design Sébastien Dallaire, Alexandre Landry
Technical Direction Eva Schindling
Production Coordinator Tara DeSimone
Technological Partner ESKI
Technical Direction Vincent Leclerc
Project Manager Josiane Mercier
Programming Patrick Keroulas, Vincent de Belleval
Production Philippe Savard, Marc-André Tessier
Video Geoffrey Boulangé
0:33
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than l...
published: 27 Apr 2012
author: Jo Hamilton Art
'Arthur Animated' by Jo Hamilton Art
I made this stop motion video to document my process of crocheting one of my larger than life portraits in yarn from start to finish. In my work I use a traditional basic crochet technique taught to me at an early age by my Gran. I work one knot at a time, from the inside out, row by row. I always begin my crochet portraits in the middle with the eyes and work out from there until the piece is completed. I work directly from photographs, using no sketches, graphs or computer imaging. Nothing is planned ahead; I make it up as I go along. I spend a lot of time simply looking, unraveling, and reworking until I get it right. To make this video I photographed the work after each new yarn colour or two was added, and edited the photos into a sequence. This 30 second sequence contains over 300 photos of the work in progress. The portrait is of my dear friend Arthur Cheesman, who is sadly no longer with us. Website www.johamiltonart.com. Music by Aikamusic/Goldcard.
4:51
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
...
published: 17 Feb 2013
author: La Blogotheque
Lianne La Havas - Gone (Official)
WATCH THE BEGINNING OF THE STORY: https://vimeo.com/59850999
Director: Colin Solal Cardo
Director of Photography: Fabien Benzaquen
Art Direction / Stylism: Colin Johnco & Ylva Falk
Hair: Eugene Davis
Make-up: Abigail Johnson
Editor: David Poucet
Color Grading: Julien Hery (Royal Post)
Produced by La Blogothèque: Matthieu Buchsenschutz & Chryde
Lianne La Havas no longer needs any introduction; her trajectory has been well documented. Her name has become synonymous with beautiful, soulful, emotive songs about heartbreak. Aged 22, her debut album reached number 4 in the UK album charts, was nominated for this years Mercury Music Prize and she can now count Stevie Wonder, Prince, Erykah Badu, Bon Iver and Jill Scott as fans.
Lianne announces the release of a two-part video with Noisey.com and Essence.com for singles "Elusive" and "Gone". Director Colin Solal Cardo (La Blogotheque) said of their partnership:
"I've been collaborating with Lianne for more than a year now, but working on this project felt like something completely new. Lianne's a brilliant storyteller, there's a true cinematic quality to her songs. When you listen to them, you go through all these emotions and narratives, like a collection of short movies. We felt like it was finally time to build a world around these songs, give life to these love stories and let Lianne actually become these characters. Be it a candid young girl falling in love, or a heartbroken femme fatale in the middle of the woods. I feel fortunate for the trust relationship I have with Lianne, it's something any music video director has to cherish because it's rare and precious. Ultimately, that's what allows an ambitious project like this one to exist."
3:20
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental film...
published: 09 Dec 2009
author: HUMBLE TV
Homunculus
Humble is proud to present, Homunculus, the first of an annual series of experimental films by our in-house directing collaborative, Hydra. Conceived of and directed by Sam Stephens, Homunculus is a dark and twisted fable of spontaneous generation and untrammeled id. Taking its title from the Latin word for "Little Human", the piece is an associative mashup between the two concepts behind the word: The first being middle-age alchemical beliefs that "little men" could be spontaneous generated from dead or decaying matter. The second being Carl Jung's usage as a personification of pure id. These ideas, combined with our love of Dutch still life's "beautiful decay," sowed the seeds for this unique little monster of a film.
The Hydra team assembled an entire still-life spread; fruits, cheeses, flowers, fish, and an uncooked pheasant. They then sealed it off in a 6x6 foot plexiglass box. 3 DSLrs, set at varying angles, were set to shoot a frame every 5 minutes for 11 days. Meanwhile, co-director Chris Mauch began to design a series of "little men," some cute and cuddly, some not so much. In Maya, Chris and our team of volunteer animators and modelers began to build and rig the creatures.
Over the course of 4 months, in between jobs and on weekends, Sam, Chris, and the team pieced together the sometimes funny, sometimes disturbing madcap narrative --a mixture of Tex Avery cartoons and H.R. Giger inspired body horror.
True to its subject, and to the surprise of its producers, what was to be a small 30 second blip organically grew into an entire HD short film. With the completion of the 12-tone score by Koven Smith and the surround sound mix by Joe Muiccio, we're pleased to premiere our furry little labor of love. Please enjoy...hopefully on an empty-ish stomach.
photo: AP / Michael Probst
23 Oct 2013
The Vatican on Wednesday suspended a scandal-tainted German Catholic cleric dubbed the "bling bishop" for his luxury lifestyle, despite multiple calls for the prelate to be dismissed. "The Holy See de. ems it appropriate to authorise a period of leave from the diocese for Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst," the Vatican said in a statement. "The Holy Father has been continuously and objectively informed of the situation," it said ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
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The Himalayan
25 Oct 2013
Though the chances of a stroke jump dramatically with age, the growing number of younger people with worrying risk factors such as bulging waistlines, diabetes and high blood pressure means they are becoming increasingly susceptible ... In the U.S., doctors have already noted an alarming increase in strokes among young and middle-aged Americans, while the number has been dropping in older people....(size: 3.8Kb)
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Sacramento Bee
25 Oct 2013
“The Internship” (PG-13, 119 minutes, Fox) Two middle-aged men, both suddenly unemployed and, in one case, ... There’s no doubt that “Before Midnight,” which finds the young lovers of yore firmly ensconced within the regret and compromise of middle age, also finds them grappling with intimations of aging and mortality....(size: 3.5Kb)
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Business Day
25 Oct 2013
In a large group of middle-aged French utility workers, the study looked for links between a history of depression and any type of cancer diagnosis ... The men ranged in age between the 40s and 50s, and women between 35 and 50 years old ... The researchers cautioned against generalising results taken from mostly middle-aged men employed at a utility company in France....(size: 4.5Kb)
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Seattle Post
25 Oct 2013
I adore history, and the Middle Ages in particular, so I always knew that if I was going to write a novel, it would be set back then ... Joseph, what is it about the Middle Ages that intrigues you so much? ... Tolkien, David Eddings, and other authors who used settings similar to the Middle Ages ... I know from visiting your website that you read a lot of novels and history books about the Middle Ages....(size: 11.7Kb)
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Canberra Times
25 Oct 2013
Jessica Mauboy ... As a middle-aged man suffering from Acute Smug Pop-Music Arrogant-Wanker Disorder (ASPMAWD or Glenn A ... and that's just the $#$@ judges, haw haw haw!" And my wife just sat beside me, wondering if a cake knife could cut cleanly through gristly middle-aged neck fat, then realising she'd probably need one of those heavy cleavers like Luke Nguyen used on the pork belly in the Cambodian leg of his Greater Mekong series ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
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The Independent
25 Oct 2013
But, more striking to me was the lack of women present ... We rows of middle-aged, white men, all dressed in our dickie bows looked like relics from a Dickensian age ... If they'll have me, that is. ....(size: 1.1Kb)
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The Times of India
25 Oct 2013
In simple words, 'Andropause may be related to the slow but steady reduction of the production of the hormones testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in middle-aged men, and the consequences of that reduction' as mentioned in Wikipedia ... at the age of 40, but it largely occurs after 50....(size: 1.6Kb)
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Huffington Post
25 Oct 2013
It's a pity that more than a hundred years ago middle and upper class Americans were more exposed to American poverty than they are now ... One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of eighteen, presented herself at the clerk's desk of the principal hotel in Columbus, Ohio, and made inquiry as to whether there was anything about the place that she could do....(size: 5.9Kb)
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Baltimore Sun
25 Oct 2013
The film has a story complete with a beginning, middle and end ... In "Bad Grandpa," Knoxville, now 42 and certifiably middle-aged crazy, stays very much in the danger zone ... To get the central gag going, there is a funeral for his late wife, Ellie (basically a coffin cameo by Catherine Keener, aged beyond recognition and as silent as the grave), with an unsuspecting choir in attendance....(size: 5.2Kb)
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New York Post Online
25 Oct 2013
Daddy must be so proud ... I wonder — have we found the urban goddess of our age? ... Whatev ... .” ... Rachael described nights spent in some of New York’s high-end nightclubs, though she’s under the drinking age ... This gal’s raging self-regard, her continued need to spend, spend, spend, to diss the poor and merely middle class, sends a message to us all. ... The latest fad for newly single, middle-age momsters is dancing in nightclubs until 4 a.m....(size: 6.6Kb)
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The Hindu
25 Oct 2013
Trouble seems to be at arm’s reach, perhaps on most dressing tables, in the form of the hair dye. Not many know that the ubiquitous cosmetic solution preferred by many middle-aged men and women has highly toxic ingredients, with no known antidote ... The average age of victims was 25 years and the male to female ratio at a staggering 1.2.4 (women outnumbered men) ... Symptoms ... Mohan lamented ... Keywords....(size: 2.5Kb)
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The Irish Times
25 Oct 2013
Scandinavia and a number of provinces in Canada have achieved similar reductions in what may appear at first sight to be an ambitious target of reducing per capita alcohol consumption from 11.9 to 9.2 litres per year for adults aged 15 and over ... But it is important to acknowledge too the protective effect of a low alcohol intake for people who are middle-aged and older....(size: 3.9Kb)
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Sydney Morning Herald
25 Oct 2013
Only middle age or a pathological fear of cats could explain not knowing about one of the world's ......(size: 0.5Kb)
For other uses, see Middle Ages (disambiguation).
The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval, mediaeval or mediæval) is a period of European history encompassing the 5th to the 15th centuries. It is normally marked from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, accepted as the end of Classical Antiquity, until the beginning of the Renaissance and Age of Discovery, which ushered in the Modern Era. It is thus the middle period of the traditional division of Western history into Classical, Medieval, and Modern. The Middle Ages is often split into two or three sub-divisions.
In the Early Middle Ages, depopulation, deurbanization, and barbarian invasion, all of which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued apace. The barbarian invaders formed their own new kingdoms in the remains of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the eastern empire, became an Islamic Empire after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break was not as extreme as once put forth by historians, with most of the new kingdoms incorporating as many of the existing Roman institutions as they could. Christianity expanded in western Europe and monasteries were founded. In the 7th and 8th centuries the Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, established an empire covering much of western Europe; it lasted until the 9th century, when it succumbed to pressure from new invaders – the Vikings, Magyars, and Saracens.
During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as new technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and crop yields to increase. Manorialism – the organization of peasants into villages that owed rents and labor service to nobles – and feudalism – a political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rents from lands and manors – were two of the ways of organizing medieval society that developed during the High Middle Ages. Kingdoms became more centralized after the decentralizing effects of the breakup of the Carolingian Empire. The Crusades, which were first preached in 1095, were an attempt by western Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims, and succeeded long enough to establish some Christian states in the Near East. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism and the founding of universities, while the building of Gothic cathedrals was one of the outstanding artistic achievements of the age.
The Late Middle Ages were marked by a number of difficulties and calamities. Famine, plague and war decimated the population of western Europe; the Black Death alone killed approximately a third of the population between 1347 and 1350. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church was echoed by warfare between states as well as civil war and peasant revolts within kingdoms. A number of cultural and technological developments began to transform European society, bringing an end to the Middle Ages and signaling the start of the Early Modern period.
Contents |
Etymology and periodization[link]
See also: Periodization
The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analyzing European history: classical civilization, or Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern period.[2] Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442).[3] The "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in 1469 as media tempestas or "middle season". In early usage, there were many variants, including medium aevum, or "middle age", first recorded in 1604,[4] and media scecula, or "middle ages", first recorded in 1625. Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period in 1683. English is the only major language that retains the plural form.[5]
The most commonly given start date for the Middle Ages is 476,[6] first used by Bruni.[7][a] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages,[9] but there is no universally agreed upon end date;[10] depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.[11] In contrast, English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period.[12] For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492.[13]
Historians in the Romance languages tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts: an earlier "High" and later "Low" period. English-speaking historians, following their German counterparts, generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals: "Early", "High" and "Late".[2] Belgian historian Henri Pirenne and Dutch historian Johan Huizinga popularized the following subdivisions in the early 20th century: the Early Middle Ages from 476 to 1000, the High Middle Ages from 1000 to 1300, and the Late Middle Ages from 1300 to 1453. In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the "Dark Ages",[14][b] but with the creation of these subdivisions use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.[14]
Timeline[link]
<timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:100 PlotArea = width:720 height:45 left:65 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:span value:rgb(0.9,0.8,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black
Period = from:400 till:1500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:400 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:400
PlotData =
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line, black) width:15 shift:(0,-3)
bar:Europe color:era from: 476 till: 1000 text:Early Middle Ages from: 1000 till: 1300 text:High Middle Ages from: 1300 till: 1453 text:Late Middle Ages from: 1453 till: 1500 text:Early modern bar: color:age from: 400 till: 632 text:Late Antiquity from: 1400 till: 1500 text:Renaissance bar:Eurasia color:age from: 1237 till: 1240 text:Mongols from: 1240 till: 1500 text:Golden Horde
</timeline>
Later Roman Empire[link]
The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD, with the following two centuries witnessing the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories.[15] Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressures on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with a number of emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers.[16] Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the need to defend against the renewed war with Sassanid Persia, which began in the middle of the 3rd century.[17] The army doubled in size and various reforms in composition resulted in a new emphasis on cavalry and smaller units instead of the legion as the main tactical unit.[18] The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial landowning class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns.[17] More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers.[18]
The Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; however, the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[19][c] In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople.[20] Diocletian's reforms created a strong governmental bureaucracy, reformed taxation, and strengthened the army, which bought the empire time but did not completely resolve the problems it was facing: excessive taxation, a declining birthrate, and pressures on its frontiers amongst others.[21] Civil war between rival emperors became common in the middle of the 4th century, diverting men from the empire's frontier forces and allowing the barbarians to encroach.[22] But for much of the 4th century, Roman society had reached a new, stable form that differed from the earlier classical period in a number of significant ways - a widening gulf between the rich and poor as well as a decline in the vitality of the smaller towns.[23] Another change was the conversion of the empire to Christianity, which occurred in a gradual process that lasted from the 2nd through the 5th centuries.[24][25]
In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from the Roman emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder Thracia. Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed in battle with the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378.[26] Besides the barbarian threat from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused troubles.[27] In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 they were able to sack the city of Rome.[28] While the Visigoths were invading, in 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain.[29] Other groups of barbarians took part in the movements of peoples in this time period. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians eventually all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain.[30] In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, into Gaul in 451, and into Italy in 452.[31] With Attila's death in 453, the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart.[32] All of these invasions by the varied tribes totally rearranged the political and demographic face of what had been the Western Roman Empire.[30]
By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century.[33] The last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed in 476, which has led that year to be traditionally cited as the end of the Western Roman Empire.[8][d] The Eastern Roman Empire, conventionally referred to as the "Byzantine Empire" after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. Even though Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, and no barbarian king in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of Emperor of the West, Byzantine control of most of the West could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian was the sole, and temporary, exception.[34]
Early Middle Ages[link]
Main article: Early Middle Ages
New societies[link]
Main article: Migration Period
Although the political structure in western Europe had changed, the divide is not as extensive as some historians have claimed. Although usually described as "invasions", they were not always just military expeditions but were mostly caused by the movement of peoples immigrating into the Empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to either support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration.[35] The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Ricimer (d. 472), Gundobad (d. 516), or Aspar (d. 471), and when the western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background as those military strongmen. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common.[36] This led to a fusion of the Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies which allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters.[37] Material artifacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, with tribal items often being obviously modeled on Roman objects.[38] Similarly, much of the intellectual culture of the new kingdoms was directly based on Roman intellectual traditions.[39] An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer provided their armies with tax revenues, instead allocating land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed.[40] Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply declined, and society became more rural.[41]
Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and powerful individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralized government.[39] The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theodoric (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its cooperation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last years of Theodoric's reign.[42] The Burgundians settled in Gaul, and after an earlier kingdom was destroyed by the Huns in 436, formed a new kingdom in the 440s between today's Geneva and Lyon. This grew to be a powerful kingdom in the late 5th and early 6th centuries.[43] In northern Gaul, the Franks and Britons set up small kingdoms. The Frankish kingdom was centered in northeastern Gaul and the first king of whom much is known is Childeric, who died in 481.[e] Under Childeric's son Clovis (r. 509–511), the Frankish kingdom expanded and converted to Christianity. The Britons, related to the natives of Britannia, settled in what is now Brittany, which took its name from their settlement.[45] Other kingdoms were established by the Visigoths in Spain, the Suevi in northwestern Spain, and the Vandals in North Africa.[43] In the 6th century, the Lombards settled in northern Italy, replacing the Ostrogothic kingdom with a grouping of duchies that occasionally selected a king to rule over all of them. By the late 6th century this arrangement had been replaced by a permanent monarchy.[46]
With the invasions came new ethnic groups into parts of Europe, but the settlement was uneven, with some regions such as Spain having a larger settlement of new peoples than other places. Gaul's settlement was uneven, with the barbarians settling much thicker in the northeast than in the southwest. Slavonic peoples settled in central and eastern Europe and into the Balkan Peninsula. The settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. The Latin of the Western Roman Empire was gradually replaced by languages based on Latin but distinct. These changes from Latin to the new languages like French or Portuguese or Romanian took many centuries, however, and went through a number of stages. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavonic languages to the mix.[47]
Byzantine survival[link]
Main articles: Byzantium under the Justinian dynasty and Byzantium under the Heraclians
As western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the eastern section of the Roman Empire remained intact and even enjoyed an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the Empire, with the majority occurring in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome, lasted throughout most of the 5th century. The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian church, with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in eastern politics that they did not have in western Europe. Legal developments included the codification of Roman law known as the Theodosian Code.[48] Under the emperor Justinian (r. 527–565), a further compilation took place, known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.[49] Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and the reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Ostrogoths. The conquest of Italy was not completed, as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests.[50]
In the eastern empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further complication. Although it began as a small invasion, by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube River; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to give tribute. They remained a strong power until 796.[51] Further complications were the involvement of the emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace but when Maurice was overthrown in turn, the Persians invaded and during the reign of the emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) managed to control large chunks of the Empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor. Heraclius was eventually able to secure a peace treaty with the Persians in 628 that restored the earlier boundaries of the Empire.[52]
Western society[link]
Society in Western Europe changed with the new rulers. Some of the Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. The older values of Latin classics scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained an important skill, it became a practical skill. In the 4th century, Jerome dreamed that God rebuked him for spending more time reading Cicero than the Bible. By the 6th century, Gregory of Tours had a similar dream, but instead of being chastised for reading Cicero, he was chastised for learning shorthand.[53] By the late 6th century, the principal means of instruction in the Church ceased to be the book and was replaced with music and art.[54] With laymen, a similar change took place, with the aristocratic culture focusing on great feasts held in halls. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces of the time. Family ties between the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour. These ties led to the prevalence of the feud in aristocratic society, examples of which included those related by Gregory of Tours that took place in Merovingian Gaul. Most feuds, however, seem to have ended quickly with the payment of some sort of compensation usually ending the feud.[55] Women took part in aristocratic society mainly in terms of their functions as wives or mothers of men, with the role of mother of a ruler being especially prominent in Merovingian Gaul. In Anglo-Saxon society, the lack of many child rulers meant less role for women as queen mothers but this was compensated for by the increased role played by abbesses of monasteries. Only in Italy does it appear that women were considered as always under the protection and control of some male relative.[56]
Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the upper classes.[57] Landholding patterns in the West were not uniform, with some areas having greatly fragmented landholding patterns and other areas with a pattern of large, contiguous blocks of land being the norm. These differences allowed for a wide variety of peasant societies with some being dominated by aristocratic landholders and others having a great deal of autonomy.[58] Land settlement also varied greatly. Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants. Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside. There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems.[59] Unlike in the late Roman period, there was no sharp break between the legal status of the free peasant and the aristocrat, however, and it was possible for a free peasant's family to rise into the aristocracy over a number of generations through military service to a powerful lord.[60]
Rise of Islam[link]
Main article: Muslim conquests
Religious beliefs in the eastern empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to Judaism. Christianity had active missions competing with the Persian's Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially amongst residents of the Arabian peninsula. All strands came together with emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad.[61] After Muhammad's death in 632, Islamic forces went on to conquer much of the eastern Empire as well as Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and later as far as Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century and the Iberian Peninsula in 711.[62] By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean, with trade between the Franks and the Arabs replacing the old Roman patterns of trade. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves to the Arabs in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals.[63]
Trade and economy[link]
The barbarian invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries caused disruption in trade networks around the Mediterranean. African trade goods disappear from the archeological record slowly, first disappearing from the interior of Europe and by the 7th century they are usually only found in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products are no longer found in Western Europe, and have been mostly replaced by local products. The replacement of trade goods with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. What non-local goods that appear in the archeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but those goods that were produced were simple, with little use of pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean Sea, however, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium range networks and not just produced locally.[64]
Church and monasticism[link]
Main article: History of the East–West Schism
Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between the areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church, which became the Orthodox Church, differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church, which became the Catholic Church. The eastern church used Greek instead of the western Latin. Theological and political differences emerged, and by the early and middle 8th century issues such as iconoclasm, clerical marriage, and state control of the church had widened enough that the cultural and religious differences were greater than the similarities.[65] The formal break came in 1054, when the papacy and the patriarchy of Constantinople clashed over papal supremacy and mutually excommunicated each other, which led to the division of Christianity into two churches – the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.[66]
The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the barbarian invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, with few of the western bishops looking to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were in any case more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological concerns. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great, (pope 590–604) survives, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.[67] Other missionary efforts were led by the Irish, who between the 5th and the 7th centuries were the most active missionaries in western Europe, with missionaries going first to England and Scotland and then later onto the continent. Irish missionaries, under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), not only founded monasteries but also taught in Latin and Greek and were active authors of secular and religious works.[68]
The Early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of monasticism in the West. The shape of European monasticism was determined by traditions and ideas that originated in the deserts of Egypt and Syria. The style of monasticism that focuses on community experience of the spiritual life, called cenobitism, was pioneered by Pachomius (d. 348) in the 4th century. Monastic ideals spread from Egypt to western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries through hagiographical literature such as the Life of Anthony.[69] Benedict of Nursia (d. 547) wrote the Benedictine Rule for Western monasticism during the 6th century, detailing the administrative and spiritual responsibilities of a community of monks led by an abbot.[70] Monks and monasteries had a deep effect on the religious and political life of the Early Middle Ages, in various cases acting as land trusts for powerful families, centres of propaganda and royal support in newly conquered regions, bases for mission, and proselytization.[71] In addition, they were the main and sometimes only outposts of education and literacy in a region. Many of the surviving manuscripts of the Roman classics were copied in monasteries in the early Middle Ages.[72] Monks were also the authors of new works, including history, theology, and other subjects, which were written by authors such as Bede (d. 735), a native of northern England who wrote in the late 7th and early 8th century.[73]
Carolingian Europe[link]
Main articles: Frankish Empire and Carolingian Empire
The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul developed into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, under the Merovingians who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of civil wars between Austrasia and Neustria.[74] Such warfare was exploited by Pippin of Landen, the Mayor of the Palace who became the power behind the throne. Later members of his family line inherited the office, acting as advisors and regents. One of his descendents, Charles Martel (d. 741), won the Battle of Poitiers in 732, halting the advance of Muslim armies across the Pyrenees.[75] Muslim armies had earlier conquered the Visigothic kingdom of Spain, after defeating the last Visigothic king Ruderic (d. 711 or 712) at the Battle of Guadalete in 711, finishing the conquest by 719.[76] Across the English Channel in the British Isles, the island of Britain was divided into small states dominated by the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, and East Anglia, which were descended from the Anglo-Saxon invaders. Smaller kingdoms in present-day Wales and Scotland were still under the control of the original native British and Picts.[77] Ireland was divided into even smaller political units, usually known as tribal kingdoms, which were under the control of kings. There were perhaps as many as 150 local kings in Ireland, of varying importance.[78]
The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers and exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 783, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768–814) and Carloman (r. 768–771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's minor son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, known to his contemporaries as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked in 774 upon a program of systematic expansion that would unify a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted just beyond 800, he rewarded loyal allies with war booty and command over parcels of land.[80]
The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning-point in medieval history, marking a return of the western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors.[81] It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalency to the eastern empire.[82] However, there were a number of differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with few cities, and what cities existed were very small. Farming techniques were not advanced, and most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the northern realms of the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire which had its trading networks centered on the Mediterranean.[81] The administration of the empire was from an itinerant court that traveled with the emperor as well as through approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties which the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops were used as imperial officials also, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters.[83]
Carolingian Renaissance[link]
Main articles: Carolingian Renaissance and Carolingian art
Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the "Carolingian Renaissance". The period saw an increase in literacy, developments in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen, and brought the classical Latin education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[f] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant form of liturgical music in the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encourage learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced.[85]
Breakup of the Carolingian Empire[link]
Main articles: Holy Roman Empire and Viking Age
Territorial divisions of the Carolingian Empire in 843 (Treaty of Verdun), 855, and 870 (Treaty of Meersen).
While Charlemagne planned to continue the Frankish tradition of dividing his kingdom between all his heirs, this ended when only one son, Louis the Pious (r. 814–840), was still alive by 813. That year, Charlemagne crowned Louis as his successor, and died in 814. Louis's long reign of 26 years was marked by numerous divisions of the empire among his sons and, after 829, numerous civil wars between various alliances of father and sons against other sons over the control of various parts of the empire. Eventually, Louis recognized his eldest son Lothair I (d. 855) as emperor and gave him Italy. Louis divided the rest of the empire between Lothair and Charles the Bald (d. 877), his youngest son. Lothair took East Francia, comprising both banks of the Rhine and eastwards, leaving Charles West Francia with the empire to the west of the Rhineland and the Alps. Louis the German (d. 876), the middle child, who had been rebellious to the last, was allowed to keep Bavaria under the suzerainty of his elder brother. The division was not undisputed. Pepin II of Aquitaine (d. after 864), the emperor's grandson, rebelled in a contest for Aquitaine, while Louis the German tried to annex all of East Francia. Louis died in 840, with the empire still in chaos.[86]
A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognized. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France.[86] Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[87]
The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by the invasions, migrations, and raids of external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled in both Britain and Ireland as well as the distant island of Iceland. A further settlement of Vikings was made in France in 911 under the chieftan Rollo (d. around 931), who received permission from the Frankish king Charles the Simple (r. 898–922) to settle in what became Normandy.[88] The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under constant Magyar assault until their great defeat at the Battle of the Lechfeld in 955.[89] The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into a number of smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms.[90]
New kingdoms and a revived Byzantium[link]
Main articles: Byzantium under the Macedonians, Kingdom of Germany , and Christianization of Scandinavia
Efforts by local kings to fight back the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Britain, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) in the late 9th century came to a settlement with the Viking invaders, with Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia.[91] By the middle of the 10th century, Alfred's successors had conquered Northumbria, and restored English control over most of the southern part of the island of Great Britain.[92] In northern Britain, Kenneth mac Alpin (d. c. 860) united the Picts and the Scots into one kingdom.[93] In the early 10th century, the Ottonian dynasty had established itself in Germany, and the Ottonians were engaged in driving back the Magyar invaders. Their efforts culminated in the coronation in 962 of Otto I (r. 936–973) as emperor.[94] In 972, Otto secured the recognition of his title by the Byzantine Empire, and sealed the recognition with the marriage of his son Otto II to Theophanu, a daughter of the previous Byzantine Emperor Romanos II (r. 959–963).[95] Italy was drawn into the Ottonian sphere by the late 10th century, after a period of instability.[96] The western Frankish kingdom was more fragmented, and although a nominal king remained theoretically in charge, much of the political power had devolved to the local lords.[97]
Missionary efforts to Scandinavia during the 9th and 10th centuries helped strengthen the growth of kingdoms there. Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian kingdoms gained power and territory in the course of the 9th and 10th centuries, and some of the kings converted to Christianity, although the process was not complete by 1000. Scandinavians also expanded and colonized throughout Europe. Besides the settlements in Ireland, England, and Normandy, further settlement took place in what became Russia as well as in Iceland. Swedish traders and raiders ranged down the rivers of the Russian steppe, and even attempted to seize Constantinople in 860 and in 907.[98] Christian Spain, initially driven into a small section of the peninsula in the north, expanded slowly south during the 9th and 10th centuries, establishing the kingdoms of Asturias and León in the process.[99]
In eastern Europe, Byzantium had revived its fortunes under the Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reorganized which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969–976) and Basil II (r. 976–1025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts. The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance. Writers such as John Geometres composed new hymns, poems, and other works.[100] Missionary efforts by both eastern and western clergy resulted in the conversion of the Moravians, Bulgars, Bohemians, Poles, Magyars, and the Slavic inhabitants of the Kievan Rus'. These conversions contributed to the founding of political states in the lands of those peoples – the states of Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kievan Rus'.[101]
Art and architecture[link]
Main articles: Medieval art and Medieval architecture
Further information: Migration Period art and Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
Few truly large stone buildings were attempted between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, but many smaller stone buildings were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture.[103] One feature of the renewed basilica was the use of a transept,[104] or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave.[105] Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower[106] and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building.[107]
Carolingian art was produced for a small group of figures around the court, and the monasteries and churches they supported. It was dominated by efforts to regain the dignity and classicism of imperial Roman and Byzantine art, but was also influenced by the Insular art of the British Isles. Insular art integrated the energy of Irish Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Germanic styles of ornament with Mediterranean forms such as the book and established many characteristics of art for the rest of the medieval period. Surviving religious works from the Early Middle Ages are mostly illuminated manuscripts and carved ivories, originally made for metalwork that has been destroyed for its materials.[108][109] Objects in precious metals were the most prestigious form of art, but nearly all are lost, except for a few crosses like the Cross of Lothair, several reliquaries, and finds such as the Anglo-Saxon burial at Sutton Hoo and the hoards of Gourdon from Merovingian France, Guarrazar from Visigothic Spain and Nagyszentmiklós near Byzantine territory. There are numbers of survivals from the large brooches in fibula or penannular form that were a key piece of personal adornment for elites, including the Irish Tara Brooch.[110] Highly decorated books were mostly Gospel books and these have survived in larger numbers, including the Insular Book of Kells and Book of Lindisfarne, and the imperial Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram, which is one of the few to retain its "treasure binding" of gold encrusted with jewels.[111] Charlemagne's court seems to have been responsible for the crucial acceptance of figurative monumental sculpture in Christian art,[112] and by the end of the period near life-size figures such as the Gero Cross were common in important churches.[113]
High Middle Ages[link]
Main article: High Middle Ages
Society and economic life[link]
The High Middle Ages saw an expansion of population. Rough estimates of the increase from the year 1000 until 1347 indicate that the population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million. The exact cause or causes of the growth remain unclear; improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all been put forward.[114][115] As much as 90 percent of the European population remained rural peasants. Many of them, however, were no longer settled in isolated farms but had gathered into small communities, usually known as manors or villages.[115] These peasants were often subject to noble overlords and owed them rents and other services, in a system known as manorialism. There remained, however, a few free peasants throughout this period and beyond.[116]
Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled and simple knights, were the exploiters of the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright, rather they were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the customs of feudalism. During the 11th and 12th centuries, these lands, or fiefs, came to be considered hereditary and in most areas they were no longer divisible between all the heirs as had been the case in the early medieval period. Instead, most fiefs and lands went to the eldest son.[117] The dominance of the nobility was built upon its control of the land, its military service as heavy cavalry, control of castles, and the various immunities from taxes or other impositions that the nobles enjoyed. Heavy cavalry had been introduced into Europe from the Persian cataphract of the 5th and 6th centuries, but the addition of the stirrup in the 7th allowed the full force of the horse and rider to be used in combat. Stone castles began to be constructed in the 9th and 10th centuries in response to the disorders of the time, and allowed inhabitants to take refuge from invaders. Control of castles allowed the nobles to defy kings or other overlords.[118]
_-_WGA13017.jpg)
The clergy was divided into two types – the secular clergy who lived in the world, and the regular clergy, or those who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks.[119] Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the ranks of the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class.[120] Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded.[121]
In Central and Northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were, to a degree, self-governing, stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and Italian city-states such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[122] Besides new trading opportunities, the agricultural and technological improvements enabled the increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand.[123] Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, at first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared amongst merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also emerged, to allow easy transmission of money through the trading networks.[124]
Political states[link]
The High Middle Ages is a formative period in the history of the Western state. Kings in France, England and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions.[125] Also new kingdoms like Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central-European powers.[126] Hungary owed its settlement to the Magyars, who settled there around 900 under King Árpád (d. around 907) after their invasions during the 9th centuries.[127] The papacy, long attached to an ideology of independence from the secular kings, first asserted its claims to temporal authority over the entire Christian world. The Papal Monarchy reached its apogee in the early 13th century under the pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198–1216).[128] Northern Crusades and the advance of Christian kingdoms and military orders into previously pagan regions in the Baltic and Finnic northeast brought the forced assimilation of numerous native peoples into Europe.[129]
During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was under the rule of the Saxon dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, the ruling dynasty changed to the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments.[130] His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. After the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–1125) without heirs, a period of instability arose until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–1190) took the imperial throne in the late 12th century.[131] Although Barbarossa managed to rule effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle with them into the 13th century.[132] One difficulty was the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid 13th century. Mongols campaigns first shattered the Kievan Rus principalities and then invaded eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.[133]
France under the Capetian dynasty, began to slowly expand its power over the nobility, managing to expand out of the Ile de France to exert control over more of the country as the 11th and 12th centuries.[134] They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1135–1187), subjugated England and created a cross-channel empire that would last, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages.[135][136] Under the Angevin dynasty of King Henry II (r. 1154–1189) and his sons, the kings of England ruled over England and large sections of France.[137] However King John (r. 1199–1216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204. This led to dissension amongst the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216–1272), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished.[138] The French monarchy, however, continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralizing the royal administration.[139] Normans not only expanded into England, but also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became a kingdom.[140]
Crusades[link]
In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, taking the ancient lands of Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and capturing Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–1071). This allowed the Turks to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of the empire's population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines managed to regroup and recover somewhat, they never regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also ran into difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars.[142]
The Crusades intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The first Crusade was preached by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–1099) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilized across Europe, and captured Jerusalem in 1099 during the First Crusade. The Crusaders consolidated their conquests in a number of Crusader states During the 12th century and 13th century, there were a series of conflicts between them and the surrounding Islamic states. Further crusades were called to aid the Crusaders,[143] or to try to regain Jerusalem, which was captured by Saladin in 1187.[144] Military religious orders such as the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller were formed and went on to play an integral role in the Crusader states.[145] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured that city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople[146] and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire, which finally recaptured Constantinople in 1261, but the Byzantines never regained their former strength.[147] By 1291 all the Crusader states had been either captured or forced from the mainland, with a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem surviving on the island of Cyprus for a number of years after 1291.[148]
Popes called for crusades to take place other than in the Holy Land, with crusades being proclaimed in Spain, southern France, and along the Baltic.[143] The Spanish crusades became fused with the Reconquista, or reconquest, of Spain from the Muslims. Although the Templars and Hospitallers took part in the Spanish crusades, Spanish military religious orders were also founded in imitation of the Templars and Hospitallers, with most of them becoming part of the two main orders of Calatrava and Santiago by the beginning of the 12th century.[149] Northern Europe also remained outside Christian influence until the 11th century or later; these areas also became crusading venues as part of the Northern Crusades of the 12th through the 14th centuries. This too spawned a military order, the Order of the Sword Brothers. Another order, the Teutonic Knights, although originally founded in the Crusader states, focused much of its activity in the Baltic after 1225, and in 1309 moved its headquarters to Marienburg in Prussia.[150]
Intellectual life[link]
During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology began to stimulate intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scholars such as Peter Abelard (d. 1142) and Peter Lombard (d. 1164) introduced Aristotelian logic into theology. The late 11th and early 12th century also saw the rise of cathedral schools throughout western Europe, which signaled the shift of learning from monasteries to cathedrals and towns.[151] Cathedral schools were then in turn replaced in the late 11th century by the universities established in major European cities.[152] Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th and 13th-century scholars to reconcile Christian theology with itself, which eventually resulted in a system of thought that tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason.[153] This culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), who wrote the Summa Theologica, or Summary of Theology.[154]
Besides the universities, royal and noble courts saw the development of chivalry and the ethos of courtly love. This culture was expressed in the vernacular languages rather than Latin, and comprised poems, stories, legends and popular songs spread by troubadors. Often the stories were written down in the chansons de geste, or "songs of great deeds", such as The Song of Roland or The Song of Hildebrand.[155] Besides these products of chivalry, other writers composed histories, both secular and religious.[156] Geoffrey of Monmouth (d. around 1155) composed his Historia Regum Britanniae, which was a collection of stories and legends about Arthur.[157] Other works were more clearly history, such as Otto von Freising's (d. 1158) Gesta Friderici Imperatoris detailing the deeds of Emperor Frederick I or William of Malmesbury's (d. around 1143) Gesta Regum on the kings of England.[156]
Legal studies also advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the corpus iuris civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This teaching of Roman law led to the recording and standardization of legal codes throughout western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (flourished 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law – the Decretum.[158]
Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy also advanced, with the translation of Ptolomey's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno.[159]
Science and technology[link]
Main articles: Medieval science and Medieval technology
In the 12th and 13th centuries, Europe saw a number of innovations in the management of the means of production and economic growth. Major technological advances include the invention of the windmill, the first mechanical clocks, the first investigations of optics and the creation of crude lenses, the manufacture of distilled spirits and the use of the astrolabe.[160] Glassmaking advanced with the development of a process that allowed the creation of transparent glass in the early 13th century. Transparent glass made possible the science of optics by Roger Bacon (d. 1294), who is credited with the invention of eyeglasses.[161][g]
A major agricultural innovation was the development of a 3-field rotation system for planting crops. The development of the heavy plow allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, an advance that was helped along by the spread of the horse collar and the horseshoe, both of which lead to the use of draught animals in place of oxen. Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors which aided the utilization of the 3-field system.[115]
The development of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns.[162] Shipbuilding also improved, with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortice and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed.[163] Crossbows, which had been known in Late Antiquity, returned to use with the increase in siege warfare in the 10th and 11th centuries.[164] Gunpowder was known in Europe by the mid-13th century with a recorded use in European warfare by the English against the Scots in 1304, although it was merely used as an explosive and not as a weapon. Cannon were being used for sieges in the 1320s, and hand held guns were known and in use by the 1360s.[165]
Architecture and art[link]
Main articles: Romanesque art and Gothic art
In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries lead to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, which led to it being later named Romanesque. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the fairly tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Right before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe.[166] Besides the architecture, "virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings",[167] of which few survive.[167] The architectural features of Romanesque are massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults.[168] The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of facades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals.[169] The distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare.[170]
Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, where distinct artistic personalities such as Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works like a font at Liège,[171] contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick. Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof.[172]
From the early 12th century, French builders developed the Gothic style, marked by the use of rib vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows. The Gothic style was mainly used in churches and cathedrals, and continued in use until the 16th century in much of Europe. Classic examples of Gothic architecture include Chartres Cathedral and Reims Cathedral in France as well as Salisbury Cathedral in England.[173] Stained glass became a crucial element in the design of churches, which continued to use extensive wall-paintings, now almost all lost.[174]
During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops",[175] and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel an option for reliquaries and crosses,[176] but in Italy the innovations of Cimabue, followed by the Trecento masters Giotto (d. 1337) and Duccio (d. around 1318), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco.[177] In the 12th century secular art increased with the growing prosperity and many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures survive.[178]
Church and society[link]
Main article: Gregorian reform
Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a stricy religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the Mâcon in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear.[180] The monastery quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. Cluny sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords and placing itself under the protection of the papacy.[181]
Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church. The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049–1054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that lead to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century. This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073–1085) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, disputes that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony. The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands. The papacy, however, insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords These issues themselves remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms. The conflict represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities. It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors.[180]
The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements. Besides the Crusaders and monastic reformers, other people sought to participate in new forms of religious life. New monastic orders were founded, including the Carthusians, the Cistercians, and the military orders such as the Knights Templar. These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen. Laymen and those wishing to enter the religious life wanted to return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity or to live an Apostolic life.[182] In the 13th century, mendicant orders – the Franciscans and the Dominicans – who swore vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy.[183] Besides the recognized orders, other religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, finally eliminated them.[184]
Late Middle Ages[link]
Main article: Late Middle Ages
Famine and plague[link]
The first years of the 14th century were marked by a number of famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–1317.[185] The causes of the Great Famine were not just related to the ongoing climatic change that was taking place, a slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, but also had causes in overspecialization in single crops, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures.[186] Other troubles included an economic downturn and the aforementioned climate change – which resulted in the average annual temperature for Europe declining 2 degrees Celsius during the 14th century.[187]
These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a disease that spread throughout Europe in the years 1348, 1349, and 1350.[188] The death toll was probably about 35 million people in total in Europe, about one-third of the population. Towns were especially hard-hit because of the crowded conditions. Large areas of land were left sparsely inhabited, and in some places fields were left unworked. Because of the sudden decline in available labourers, the price of wages rose as landlords sought to entice workers to their fields, but the lower rents were balanced out by the lower demand for food, which cut into agricultural income. Urban workers also felt that they had a right to greater earnings, and popular uprisings broke out across Europe.[189] Among the uprisings were the jacquerie in France, the Peasants' Revolt in England, and revolts in the cities of Florence in Italy and Ghent and Bruges in Flanders. The trauma of the plague led to an increased piety throughout Europe, which manifested itself in the foundation of new charities, the extreme self-mortification of the flagellants, and the scapegoating of the Jews.[190] Conditions were further unsettled by the return of the plague throughout the rest of the 14th century. It continued to strike Europe throughout the rest of the Middle Ages.[188]
State resurgence[link]
The Late Middle Ages also witnessed the rise of strong, royalty-based nation-states throughout Europe, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula – Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the later Middle Ages strengthened royal control over the kingdoms, even though they were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare by gaining land and extended royal legislation throughout their kingdoms.[191] Paying for the wars required that the methods of taxation become more efficient and the rate of taxation often increased.[192] The requirement to obtain the consent of those taxed meant that representative bodies such as the English Parliament or the French Estates General gained some power and new authority.[193]
Throughout the 14th century, French kings sought to expand their influence throughout the kingdom at the expense of the territorial holdings of the nobility.[194] This ran into difficulties when they attempted to confiscate the holdings of the English kings in southern France, leading to the Hundred Years' War,[195] which lasted until 1453.[196] The stresses of this war almost caused the disintegration of the French kingdom during the early years of the war.[197] In the early 15th century, France once more teetered on the brink of dissolving, but in the late 1420s military successes led by Joan of Arc (d. 1431) led to the eventual victory of the French kings over the English with the capture of the last of the English possessions in southern France in 1453.[198] The price was high, however, as the population of France at the end of the Wars was likely half what it had been prior to the start of the conflict. Conversely, the Wars had a positive effect on English national identity, doing much to fuse the various local identities into a national English ideal. The conflict with the French also helped create a national culture in England that was separate from French culture, which had been the dominant cultural influence in England prior to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War.[199] The early Hundred Years' War also saw the dominance of the English longbow,[200] and the appearance of cannon on the battlefield at the Battle of Crecy in 1346.[165]
In modern-day Germany, the Empire continued, but the elective nature of the imperial crown meant that there was no strong dynasty around which a strong state could form.[201] Further east, the kingdoms of Poland, Hungary, and Bohemia grew into powerful kingdoms.[202] The Iberian Peninsula kingdoms continued to gain land from the Muslim kingdoms of the peninsula,[202] with Portugal concentrating on expanding overseas during the 15th century while the other kingdoms were riven by difficulties over the royal succession and other concerns throughout the 15th century.[203][204] England, after losing the Hundred Years' War, went on to suffer a long civil war known as the Wars of the Roses, which lasted into the 1490s.[204] Scandinavia went through a period of union under the Union of Kalmar in the late 14th and early 15th century, but dissolved once more after the death of Queen Margaret I of Denmark (r. in Denmark 1353–1412), who had united Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. The major power around the Baltic Sea was the city states of the Hanseatic League, a commercial confederation which traded from western Europe to Russia.[205]
Collapse of Byzantium[link]
Main article: Byzantium under the Palaiologoi
Although the Palaeologi emperors managed to recapture Constantinople from the western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea and around the Aegean Sea. The former Byzantine lands in the Balkans were divided between the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria and the city-state of Venice. The power of the Byzantine emperors was threatened by a new Turkish tribe, the Ottomans, who established themselves in Anatolia in the 13th century and steadily expanded throughout the 14th century. The Ottomans expanded into Europe, reducing Bulgaria to a vassal state by 1366 and taking over Serbia after the Serbian defeat at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Western Europeans rallied to the plight of the Christians in the Balkans and declared a new Crusade in 1396, and a great army was sent to the Balkans which met defeat at the Battle of Nicopolis.[206] Constantinople finally was captured by the Ottomans in 1453.[207]
Controversy within the Church[link]
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The troubled 14th century saw both the Avignon Papacy of 1305–1378,[208] also called the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy" (a reference to the Babylonian Captivity of the Jews),[209] and then the Great Schism that lasted from 1378 to 1418, when there were two, then later three, rival popes, each supported by a number of states.[210] In the early years of the 15th century, after a century of turmoil, ecclesiastical officials convened in Constance in 1414, and in 1415 the council deposed one of the rival popes, leaving only two claimants. Further depositions followed, and in November 1417 the council elected Martin V (pope 1417–1431) as pope.[211]
Besides the schism, the western church was riven by theological controversies, some of which turned into heresies. John Wyclif (d. 1384), an English theologian, was condemned as a heretic in 1415 for teaching that the laity should have access to the text of the Bible as well as holding views on the Eucharist that were contrary to church doctrine.[212] Wyclif's teachings influenced two of the major heretical movements of the later Middle Ages – Lollardry in England and Hussitism in Bohemia.[213] The Bohemians were also influenced by the teaching of Jan Hus, who was eventually burned at the stake in 1415 after being condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constance. The Hussite church, although subject to a crusade being called against it, survived past the end of the Middle Ages.[214]
The papacy refined the concept of transubstantiation further in the Late Middle Ages, stating that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist. This further distanced the secular laity from the clergy. The laity continued the practices of pilgrimages, veneration of relics, and the belief in power of the Devil. Mystics such as Meister Eckhart (d. 1327) or Thomas à Kempis (d. 1471) wrote works that taught the laity to focus on their inner spiritual life, something that contributed to the Protestant Reformation. Besides mysticism, belief in witches and witchcraft became widespread, and by the late 15th century the Church had begun to lend credence to populist fears of witchcraft with its condemnation of witches in 1484 and the publication of the Malleus Maleficarum, the most popular handbook for witchhunters, in 1486.[215]
Scholars, intellectuals, and exploration[link]
The Later Middle Ages saw a reaction against scholasticism led by John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[h] and William of Ockham (d. around 1348),[153] both of whom objected to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts, along with others, led to an undermining of the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy.[216] Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The one exception to this trend was England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Countries also codified their laws, with legal codes being promulgated in countries as far apart as Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.[217]
Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium – grammar, rhetoric, logic – were studied in either cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread also, with some towns in Italy having more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. The rise of vernacular literature increased in pace, with Dante, Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio in 14th century Italy, Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland in England, and François Villon and Christine de Pizan in France. Literature remained mainly religious in character, but although much of this continued to be written in Latin, a new demand developed for saints' lives and other devotional tracts in the vernacular languages. Theatre also developed in the guise of miracle plays put on by the Church.[217] At the end of the period, the development of the printing press around 1450 led to the establishment of publishing houses throughout Europe by 1500.[218]
Beginning in the early 15th century, the countries of the Iberian peninsula began sponsoring exploration past the boundaries of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal (d. 1460), sent expeditions that discovered the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Cape Verde during his lifetime. After his death, exploration continued, with Bartholomew Diaz (d. 1500) going around the Cape of Good Hope in 1486 and Vasco de Gama (d. 1524) sailing around Africa to India in 1498.[219] The combined Spanish monarchies of Castile and Aragon sponsored Christopher Columbus' (d. 1506) voyage of exploration in 1492 that discovered the Americas.[220] The English crown under King Henry VII (r. 1485–1509) sponsored the voyage of John Cabot (d. 1498) in 1497, which landed on Cape Breton Island.[221]
Late medieval art and architecture[link]
The Late Middle Ages in Europe as a whole correspond to the Trecento and Early Renaissance in Italy, while Northern Europe and Spain continued to use Gothic styles, increasingly elaborate in the 15th century, until almost the end of the period. International Gothic was a courtly style that reached much of Europe in the decades around 1400, producing masterpieces such as the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.[222] All over Europe secular art continued to increase in quantity and quality, and in the 15th century the mercantile classes of Italy and Flanders became important patrons, commissioning small portraits of themselves in oils as well as a growing range of luxury items such as jewellery, ivory caskets, cassone chests and maiolica pottery. These objects also included the Hispano-Moresque ware produced by mostly Mudéjar potters in Spain. Although royalty owned huge collections of plate, little survives except for the Royal Gold Cup.[223] Italian silk manufacture developed, so that Western churches and elites no longer needed to rely on imports from Byzantium or the Islamic world. In France and Flanders tapestry weaving of sets like The Lady and the Unicorn became a major luxury industry.[224]
The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, especially as churches created many side-chapels. Early Netherlandish painting with artists such as Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) and Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) rivalled that of Italy, as did northern illuminated manuscripts, which in the 15th century began to be collected on a large scale by secular elites, who also commissioned secular books, especially histories. From about 1450 printed books rapidly became popular, though still expensive, and there were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula printed by 1500,[225] and by then illuminated manuscripts were only commissioned by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century, with more expensive engravings supplying a wealthier market with a variety of images.[226]
Modern image[link]
Further information: Dark Ages (historiography)
The medieval period is frequently caricatured as supposedly a "time of ignorance and superstition" which placed "the word of religious authorities over personal experience and rational activity."[227] This is a legacy from both the Renaissance and Enlightenment, when scholars contrasted their intellectual cultures with the medieval period, with a negative attitude toward the Middle Ages. Renaissance scholars saw the Classical world as a time of high culture and civilization, and saw the Middle Ages as a decline from that culture. Enlightenment scholars saw reason as superior to faith, and thus viewed the Middle Ages as a time of ignorance and superstition.[10]
Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages. Science historian Edward Grant writes, "If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed [in the 18th century], they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities".[228] Also, contrary to common belief, David Lindberg writes, "the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free (particularly in the natural sciences) to follow reason and observation wherever they led".[229]
The caricature of the period is also reflected in a number of more specific notions. For instance, a claim that was first propagated in the 19th century[230] and is still very common in popular culture is the supposition that all people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat. This claim is mistaken.[230] In fact, lecturers in the medieval universities commonly advanced evidence in favor of the idea that the Earth was a sphere.[231] Lindberg and Numbers write: "There was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge [Earth's] sphericity and even know its approximate circumference".[232]
Notes[link]
- ^ This is the date of the deposition of the last western Roman Emperor.[8]
- ^ A reference work published in 1883 equates the Dark Ages with the Middle Ages, but beginning with William Paton Ker in 1904, the term "Dark Ages" is generally restricted to the early part of the Medieval period. For example, the 1911 edition of Britannica defines the Dark Ages this way. See Dark Ages for a more complete historiography of this term.
- ^ This system, which eventually encompassed two senior co-emperors and two junior co-emperors, is known as the Tetrarchy.[19]
- ^ An alternate date of 480 is sometimes given, as that was the year Romulus Augustulus' predecessor Julius Nepos died; Nepos had continued to assert that he was the western emperor while holding onto Dalmatia.[8]
- ^ His grave was discovered in 1653 and is remarkable for its grave goods, which included a number of weapons and a large quantity of gold.[44]
- ^ The Carolingian minuscule was developed from the unical script of Late Antiquity, which was a smaller, rounder form of writing the Latin alphabet than the classical forms.[84]
- ^ An early depiction of eyeglasses is at Strasburg Cathedral where a stained glass image of the Emperor Henry VII shows him with spectacles.[161]
- ^ The word "dunce" in the English language derives from Duns Scotus' name.[216]
Citations[link]
- ^ Nees Early Medieval Art pp. 109–112
- ^ a b Power Central Middle Ages p. 304
- ^ BruniHistory of the Florentine people p. xvii
- ^ Albrow Gllobal Age p. 205
- ^ Robinson "Medieval, the Middle Ages" Speculum
- ^ "Middle Ages" Dictionary.com
- ^ Bruni History of the Florentine people p. xvii
- ^ a b c Wickham Inheritance of Rome p. 86
- ^ See the titles of Watts Making of Polities Europe 1300–1500 or Epstein Economic History of Later Medieval Europe 1000–1500 or the end date used in Holmes (ed.) The Oxford History of Medieval Europe
- ^ a b Davies Europe pp. 291–293
- ^ Bordone and Sergi Dieci secoli di medioevo
- ^ See the title of Saul Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485
- ^ Kamen Spain 1469–1714 p. 29
- ^ a b Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum
- ^ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans pp. 391–393
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 3–5
- ^ a b Heather Fall of the Roman Empire p. 111
- ^ a b Brown World of Late Antiquity pp. 24–25
- ^ a b Collins Early Medieval Europe p. 9
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe p. 24
- ^ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans pp. 405–406
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 31–33
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity p. 34
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity pp. 65–68
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity pp. 82–94
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 47–49
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 56–59
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 80–83
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 59–60
- ^ a b Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans p. 417
- ^ James Europe's Barbarians pp. 67–68
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 117–118
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome p. 79
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 116–134
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity pp. 122–124
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 95–98
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 100–101
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe p. 100
- ^ a b Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 96–97
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 102–103
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 86–91
- ^ James Europe's Barbarians pp. 82–85
- ^ a b James Europe's Barbarians pp. 77–78
- ^ James Europe's Barbarians pp. 79–80
- ^ James Europe's Barbarians pp. 78–81
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 196–208
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 235–238
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 81–83
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 200–202
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 206–213
- ^ James Europe's Barbarians pp. 95–99
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 140–143
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity pp. 174–175
- ^ Brown World of Late Antiquity p. 181
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 189–193
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 195–199
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome p. 204
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 205–210
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 211–212
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome p. 215
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 143–145
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 149–151
- ^ Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans pp. 427–428
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 218–219
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 218–233
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 328–332
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 170–172
- ^ Colish Medieval Foundations pp. 62–63
- ^ Lawrence Medieval Monasticism pp. 10–13
- ^ Lawrence Medieval Monasticism pp. 18–24
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 185–187
- ^ Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West pp. 43–44
- ^ Colish Medieval Foundations pp. 64–65
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 246–253
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 347–349
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World p. 344
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 158–159
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 164–165
- ^ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture p. 73
- ^ Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 371–378
- ^ a b Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 109
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 117–120
- ^ Davies Europe p. 302
- ^ Davies Europe p. 241
- ^ Colish Medieval Foundations pp. 66–70
- ^ a b Bauer History of the Medieval World pp. 427–431
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 139
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 141–144
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 144–145
- ^ Bauer Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 147–149
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 378–385
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe p. 387
- ^ Davies Europe p. 309
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 394–404
- ^ Davies Europe p. 317
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 435–439
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 439–444
- ^ Collins Early Medieval Europe pp. 385–389
- ^ Wickham Inheritance of Rome pp. 500–505
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 318–320
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 321–326
- ^ Nees Early Medieval Art p. 145
- ^ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture pp. 29–35
- ^ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture pp. 43–44
- ^ Cosman Medieval Wordbook p. 247
- ^ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture p. 45
- ^ Stalley Early Medieval Architecture p. 49
- ^ Kitzinger Early Medieval Art pp. 36–53, 61–64
- ^ Henderson Early Medieval pp. 18–21, 63–71
- ^ Henderson Early Medieval pp. 36–42, 49–55, 103, 143, 204–208
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 41–49
- ^ Lasko Ars Sacra pp. 16–18
- ^ Henderson Early Medieval pp. 233–238
- ^ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages pp. 5–12
- ^ a b c Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 156
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 164–165
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 37–41
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 311–315
- ^ Hamilton Religion on the Medieval West p. 33
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 33–34
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 48–49
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 60–67
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 160
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 74–76
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 283–284
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 365–380
- ^ Davies Europe p. 296
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 262–279
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 371–372
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 181–186
- ^ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages pp. 143–147
- ^ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages pp. 250–252
- ^ Davies Europe p. 364
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 187–189
- ^ Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages pp. 59–61
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 189–196
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 263
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 286–289
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 289–293
- ^ Davies Europe p. 294
- ^ Kaufmann and Kaufmann Medieval Fortress pp. 268–269
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 332–333
- ^ a b Riley-Smith "Crusades" Middle Ages pp. 106–107
- ^ Payne Dream and the Tomb pp. 204–205
- ^ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades pp. 353–356
- ^ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades pp. 156–161
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 299–300
- ^ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades p. 122
- ^ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades pp. 205–213
- ^ Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades pp. 213–224
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 232–237
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 247–252
- ^ a b Loyn "Scholasticism" Middle Ages pp. 293–294
- ^ Colish Medieval Foundations pp. 295–301
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 252–260
- ^ a b Davies Europe p. 349
- ^ Saul "Geoffrey of Monmouth" Companion to Medieval England
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 237–241
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 241–246
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 246
- ^ a b Davies Europe p. 369
- ^ Barber Two Cities p. 68
- ^ Barber Two Cities p. 73
- ^ Nicolle Medieval Warfare p. 80
- ^ a b Nicolle Medieval Warfare pp. 296–298
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages 55
- ^ a b Dodwell Pictorial Arts of the West p. 37
- ^ Adams History of Western Art pp. 181–189
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 58–60, 65–66, 73–75
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 295–299
- ^ Lasko Ars Sacra pp. 240–250
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 91–92
- ^ Adams History of Western Art pp. 195–216
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages 185–190; 269–271
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages p. 250
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 245–247
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 264–278
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 248–250
- ^ Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West p. 47
- ^ a b Rosenwein Rhinoceros Bound pp. 40–41
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 143–144
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 145–147
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 155–167
- ^ Barber Two Cities pp. 185–192
- ^ Loyn "Famine" Middle Ages p. 128
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 373–374
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe p. 370
- ^ a b Schove "Plague" Middle Ages p. 269
- ^ Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe pp. 374–380
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 412–413
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 201–219
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 224–233
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 233–238
- ^ Watts Making of Polities p. 166
- ^ Watts Making of Polities p. 169
- ^ Loyn "Hundred Years' War" Middle Ages p. 176
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 180–181
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 317–322
- ^ Davies Europe p. 423
- ^ Nicolle Medieval Warfare p. 186
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 170–171
- ^ a b Watts Making of Polities pp. 173–175
- ^ Watts Making of Polities pp. 327–332
- ^ a b Watts Making of Polities p. 340
- ^ Davies Europe p. 431
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 385–389
- ^ Davies Europe p. 446
- ^ Thomson Western Church pp. 170–171
- ^ Loyn "Avignon" Middle Ages p. 45
- ^ Loyn "Great Schism" Middle Ages p. 153
- ^ Thomson Western Church pp. 184–187
- ^ Thomson Western Church pp. 197–199
- ^ Thomson Western Church p. 218
- ^ Thomson Western Church pp. 213–217
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 436–437
- ^ a b Davies Europe pp. 433–434
- ^ a b Davies Europe pp. 438–439
- ^ Davies Europe p. 445
- ^ Davies Europe p. 451
- ^ Davies Europe pp. 454–455
- ^ Davies Europe p. 511
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 253–256
- ^ Lightbown Secular Goldsmiths' Work p. 78
- ^ Benton Art of the Middle Ages pp. 257–262
- ^ Staff "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue" British Library
- ^ Griffiths Prints and Printmaking pp. 17–18; 39–46
- ^ Lindberg "Medieval Church Encounters" When Science & Christianity Meet p. 8
- ^ Grant God and Reason p. 9
- ^ Quoted in Peters "Science and Religion" Encyclopedia of Religion
- ^ a b Russell Inventing the Flat Earth pp. 49–58
- ^ Grant Planets, Stars, & Orbs pp. 626–630
- ^ Lindberg and Numbers "Beyond War and Peace" Church History
References[link]
- Adams, Laurie Schneider (2001). A History of Western Art (Third ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-231717-5.
- Albrow, Martin (1997). The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2870-4.
- Backman, Clifford R. (2003). The Worlds of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512169-8.
- Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5.
- Benton, Janetta Rebold (2002). Art of the Middle Ages. World of Art. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20350-4.
- Bordone, Renato and Sergi, Giuseppe (2009) (in Italian). Dieci secoli di medioevo. Turin: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-16763-9.
- Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity AD 150–750. Library of World Civilization. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-95803-5.
- Bruni, Leonardo (2001). Hankins, James. ed. History of the Florentine People. 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00506-8.
- Colish, Marcia L. (1997). Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition 400–1400. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07852-8.
- Collins, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 (Second ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-21886-9.
- Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (2007). Medieval Wordbook: More the 4,000 Terms and Expressions from Medieval Culture. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-8725-0.
- Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and Variations 9000 BC-AD 1000. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11923-7.
- Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-520912-5.
- Dodwell, C. R. (1993). The Pictorial Arts of the West: 800–1200. Pellican History of Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06493-4.
- Eastwood, Bruce (2007). Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance. History of Science and Medicine Library. Boston, MA: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16186-3.
- Epstein, Steven A. (2009). An Economic and Social History of Later Medieval Europe, 1000–1500. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-70653-7.
- Grant, Edward (2001). God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80279-6.
- Grant, E. (1994). Planets, Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43344-0.
- Griffiths, Antony (1996). Prints and Printmaking. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2608-X.
- Hamilton, Bernard (2003). Religion in the Medieval West (Second ed.). London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-80839-X.
- Heather, Peter (2006). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532541-6.
- Henderson, George (1977). Early Medieval (Revised ed.). New York: Penguin. OCLC 641757789.
- Holmes, George (editor) (1988). The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285272-8.
- James, Edward (2009). Europe's Barbarians: AD 200–600. The Medieval World. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-77296-0.
- Kamen, Henry (2005). Spain 1469–1714 (Third ed.). New York: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78464-6.
- Kaufmann, J. E. and Kaufmann, H. W. (2001). The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages (2004 ed.). Cambridge, MA: De Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81358-0.
- Kitzinger, Ernst (1955). Early Medieval Art at the British Museum (Second ed.). London: British Museum. OCLC 510455.
- Lasko, Peter (1972). Ars Sacra, 800–1200. Penguin History of Art (now Yale). New York: Penguin. ISBN 14056036X.
- Lawrence, C.H (2001). Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (Third ed.). Longman. ISBN 0-582-40427-4.
- Lightbown, Ronald W. (1978). Secular Goldsmiths' Work in Medieval France: A History. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-99027-1.
- Lindberg, David C.; Numbers, Ronald L. (1986). "Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science". Church History 55 (3): 338–354. DOI:10.2307/3166822. JSTOR 3166822.
- Lindberg, David C. (2003). "The Medieval Church Encounters the Classical Tradition: Saint Augustine, Roger Bacon, and the Handmaiden Metaphor". In Lindberg, David C. and Numbers, Ronald L.. When Science & Christianity Meet. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Lock, Peter (2006). Routledge Companion to the Crusades. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-39312-4.
- Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Avignon". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 45. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Famine". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 127–128. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Great Schism". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 153. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Scholasticism". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 293–294. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- "Middle Ages". Dictionary.com. 2004. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Middle%20Ages. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- Mommsen, Theodore (1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'". Speculum 17 (2): 226–242. DOI:10.2307/2856364. JSTOR 2856364.
- Nees, Lawrence (2002). Early Medieval Art. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284243-5.
- Nicolle, David (1999). Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare In Western Christendom. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-889-9.
- Payne, Robert (2000). The Dream and the Tomb: A History of the Crusades (First paperback ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. ISBN 0-8154-1086-7.
- Peters, Ted (2005). "Science and Religion". In Jones, Lindsay. Encyclopedia of Religion (Second ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 8182.
- Power, Daniel (2006). The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320. The Short Oxford history of Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925312-8.
- Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1989). "Crusades". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- Rosenwein, Barbara H. (1982). Rhinoceros Bound: Cluny in the Tenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7830-5.
- Robinson, Fred C. (1984). "Medieval, the Middle Ages". Speculum 59 (4). JSTOR 2846695.
- Russell, Jeffey Burton (1991). Inventing the Flat Earth-Columbus and Modern Historians. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-95904-X.
- Saul, Nigel (2000). A Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2969-8.
- Schove, D. Justin (1989). "Plague". In Loyn, H. R.. The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 267–269. ISBN 0-500-27645-5.
- Staff (8 January 2008). "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue". British Library. http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/istc/index.html. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- Stalley, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-284223-7.
- Thomson, John A. F. (1998). The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-60118-3.
- Watts, John (2009). The Making of Polities: Europe, 1300–1500. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79664-4.
- Wickham, Chris (2009). The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages 400–1000. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311742-1.
External links[link]
| Human history |
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| ↑ Prehistory |
| Recorded History |
| ↓Future |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Middle Ages |
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Wikisource has original works on the topic: Middle Ages |
- The Online Reference Book of Medieval Studies Academic peer reviewed articles
- The Labyrinth Resources for Medieval Studies.
- NetSERF The Internet Connection for Medieval Resources.
- De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History
- Medievalmap.org Interactive maps of the Medieval era (Flash plug-in required)
- Medieval Realms Learning resources from the British Library including studies of beautiful medieval manuscripts
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Terry Jones, see Terry Jones (disambiguation).
| Terry Jones | |
|---|---|
 Terry Jones, 5 May 2007 |
|
| Born | (1942-02-01) 1 February 1942 (age 70) Colwyn Bay, North Wales, United Kingdom |
| Occupation | Actor, comedian, film director, presenter, poet, writer, historian |
| Known for | Monty Python |
| Spouse | Alison Telfer |
| Website | |
| terry-jones.net | |
Terence Graham Parry Jones (born 1 February 1942) is a Welsh comedian, screenwriter, actor, film director, author, political commentator, and TV host. He is best known as a member of the Monty Python comedy team.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Jones was born in Colwyn Bay, Wales. The family home was named "Bodchwil". His father was stationed with the RAF in India. When Jones was four-and-a-half, the family moved to Surrey.[1]
Jones was educated at the Royal Grammar School[2] in Guildford, where he was head boy in the 1960-61 academic year. He read English at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, but "strayed into history".[3] He graduated with a 2:1.[4] While there, he performed comedy with future Monty Python castmate Michael Palin in The Oxford Revue.
Career history[link]
Before Python[link]
Jones appeared in Twice a Fortnight with Palin, Graeme Garden, Bill Oddie and Jonathan Lynn, as well as the television series The Complete and Utter History of Britain (1969). He appeared in Do Not Adjust Your Set (1967–69) with Palin, Eric Idle and David Jason. He wrote for The Frost Report and several other David Frost programmes on British television. Along with Palin, he wrote lyrics for the 1968 Barry Booth album "Diversions".
Early on, Jones was interested in devising a fresh format for the Python TV shows, and it was largely he who developed the stream-of-consciousness style which abandoned punchlines and encouraged the fluid movement of one sketch into another, allowing the troupe's conceptual humour the space to “breathe”. Jones took a keen interest in the direction of the show. As demonstrated in many of his sketches with Palin, Jones was interested in making comedy that was visually impressive, feeling that interesting settings augmented, rather than detracted from, the humour. His methods encouraged many future television comedians to break away from conventional studio-bound shooting styles, as demonstrated by shows such as Green Wing, Little Britain and The League of Gentlemen.
Of Jones' contributions as a performer, his depictions of middle-aged women are among the most memorable. His humour, in collaboration with Palin, tends to be conceptual in nature. A typical Palin/Jones sketch draws its humour from the absurdity of the scenario. For example, in the “Summarise Proust Competition”, Jones plays a cheesy game show host who gives contestants 15 seconds to condense Marcel Proust's lengthy work À la recherche du temps perdu. Jones was also noted for his gifts as a Chaplinesque physical comedian. His performance in the "Undressing in Public" sketch, for instance, is done is total silence.
Directorial work[link]
Jones co-directed Monty Python and the Holy Grail with Terry Gilliam, and was sole director on two further Monty Python movies, Life of Brian and Monty Python's The Meaning of Life. As a film director, Jones finally gained fuller control of the projects and devised a visual style that complemented the humour. His later films include Erik the Viking (1989) and The Wind in the Willows (1996). In 2008, Jones wrote and directed an opera titled Evil Machines.[5] In 2011, he was commissioned to direct and write the libretto for another opera, entitled The Doctor's Tale.[6]
On the commentary track of the 2004 "2 Disc Special Edition" DVD for the film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, Terry Jones stated that to his knowledge Ireland had banned only four movies, three of which he had directed: The Meaning of Life, Monty Python's Life of Brian and Personal Services.
Animation[link]
He was the creator and co-producer of the animated television program Blazing Dragons, which ran for two seasons.[citation needed] Set in a fantasy medieval setting, the series' protagonists are dragons who are beset by evil humans, reversing a common story convention. When the series was broadcast on US television, several episodes were censored due to minor cursing and the implied sexuality of an overtly effeminate character named "Sir Blaze".[citation needed] It was turned into a game for the Sega Saturn in 1994, which starred Jones's voice.[citation needed]
As an author[link]
He co-wrote Ripping Yarns with Palin, and wrote the screenplay for Labyrinth (1986), although his draft went through several rewrites and several other writers before being filmed; much of the finished film wasn't written by Jones at all. He has also written numerous works for children, including Fantastic Stories, The Beast with a Thousand Teeth, and a collection of Comic Verse called The Curse of the Vampire's Socks.
He has written books and presented television documentaries on medieval and ancient history and the history of numeral systems. His series often challenge popular views of history: for example, Terry Jones' Medieval Lives (2004) (for which he received a 2004 Emmy nomination for "Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming") argues that the Middle Ages was a more sophisticated period than is popularly thought, and Terry Jones' Barbarians (2006) presents the cultural achievements of peoples conquered by the Roman Empire in a more positive light than Roman historians typically have, while criticizing the Romans as the true "barbarians" who exploited and destroyed higher civilizations.
He has written numerous editorials for The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph and The Observer condemning the Iraq war. Many of these editorials were published in a paperback collection titled Terry Jones's War on the War on Terror.
Chaucer's Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary (1980) offers an alternative take on the historical view of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Knight's Tale as being a paragon of Christian virtue. Jones asserts that, after closer examination of historical rather than literary context, the Knight is actually a typical mercenary and a potentially cold-blooded killer.
His most recent book, "Evil Machines", was launched by the online publishing house Unbound at the Adam Street Club in London on 4 November 2011. Evil Machines is the world's first book to be published by a crowd funding website dedicated solely to books. Jones provided significant support to Unbound as they developed their publishing concept.
He is also a member of the UK Poetry Society and his poems have appeared in Poetry Review.
Working with musicians[link]
Jones has performed with The Carnival Band and appears on their 2007 CD Ringing the changes (Park Records PRKCD98).
In January 2008, the Teatro São Luiz, in Lisbon, Portugal, premiered Evil Machines – a musical play, written by Jones (based on his book) and with original music by Portuguese composer Luis Tinoco. Jones was invited by the Teatro São Luiz to write and direct the play, after a very successful run of Contos Fantásticos, a short play based on Jones' Fantastic Stories, also with music by Luis Tinoco.
In January 2012, it was announced that Jones is working with songwriter/producer Jim Steinman on a heavy metal version of "The Nutcracker."[7]
As performer[link]
Apart from a cameo in Terry Gilliam's Jabberwocky and a memorable minor role as a drunken vicar in BBC sitcom The Young Ones, Jones has rarely appeared in work outside of his own projects. Since January 2009, however, he has provided narration for The Legend of Dick and Dom, a CBBC fantasy series set in the Middle Ages.
In 2009 Jones took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history.
Personal life[link]
Jones married Alison Telfer in 1970, and they have two children together, Sally (born in 1974), and Bill (born in 1976). The marriage broke down after he admitted to falling in love with 26-year-old student Anna Söderström.
On 21 October 2006, it was reported in The Daily Mirror that Jones had been diagnosed with bowel cancer.[8] Another article dated three days later, also by The Mirror, indicated that the exploratory surgery performed on Jones had good results.[9] It was reported in the British media on 27 April 2009 that Jones was due to become a father for the third time in the autumn of 2009, by way of Söderström. But he remained married to Telfer.[10] Jones's daughter Siri was born in early September 2009.[11]
Selected bibliography[link]
Fiction[link]
- Douglas Adams's Starship Titanic (1997), ISBN 0-330-35446-9 – a novel based on the computer game of the same name by Douglas Adams. (Jones claims to have written the entire book while in the nude.)
- Evil Machines (2011), ISBN 978-1-908717-01-6
- Illustrated by Michael Foreman
- Fairy Tales (1981), ISBN 0-907516-03-3
- The Saga of Erik the Viking (1983), ISBN 0-907516-23-8 – Children's Book Award 1984
- Nicobobinus (1985), ISBN 1-85145-000-9
- The Curse of the Vampire's Socks and Other Doggerel (1988), ISBN 1-85145-233-8 – poetry
- Fantastic Stories (1992), ISBN 1-85145-957-X
- The Beast with a Thousand Teeth (1993), ISBN 1-85793-070-3
- A Fish of the World (1993), ISBN 1-85793-075-4
- The Sea Tiger (1994), ISBN 1-85793-085-1
- The Fly-by-Night (1994), ISBN 1-85793-090-8
- The Knight and the Squire (1997), ISBN 1-86205-044-9
- The Lady and the Squire (2000), ISBN 1-86205-417-7 – nominated for a Whitbread Award
- Bedtime Stories (2002), ISBN 1-86205-276-X – with Nanette Newman
- Illustrated by Brian Froud
- Goblins of the Labyrinth (1986), ISBN 1-85145-058-0
- The Goblin Companion: A Field Guide to Goblins (1996), ISBN 1-85793-795-3 – an abridged re-release, in a smaller format, with the colour plates missing
- Lady Cottington's Pressed Fairy Book (1994), ISBN 1-85793-336-2
- Strange Stains and Mysterious Smells: Quentin Cottington's Journal of Faery Research (1996), ISBN 0-684-83206-2
- Lady Cottington's Pressed Fairy Journal (1998), ISBN 1-86205-024-4
- Lady Cottington's Fairy Album (2002), ISBN 1-86205-559-9
- Illustrated by Martin Honeysett and Lolly Honeysett
- Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls with Michael Palin (1974) ISBN 0-413-32740-X
Non-fiction[link]
- Chaucer's Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary (1980), ISBN 0-297-77566-9; rev. ed. (1994), ISBN 0-413-69140-3
- Who Murdered Chaucer?: A Medieval Mystery (2003), ISBN 0-413-75910-5 – with Robert Yeager, Terry Dolan, Alan Fletcher and Juliette Dor
- Terry Jones's War on the War on Terror (2005), ISBN 1-56025-653-2
- With Alan Ereira
- Crusades (1994), ISBN 0-563-37007-6
- Terry Jones' Medieval Lives (2004), ISBN 0-563-48793-3
- Terry Jones' Barbarians (2006), ISBN 0-563-49318-6
Screenplays[link]
- And Now for Something Completely Different (1972) with Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, and Michael Palin
- Secrets (1973) – for TV, with Michael Palin
- Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) with Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, and Michael Palin
- Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979) with Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, and Michael Palin
- Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983) with Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, and Michael Palin
- Labyrinth (1986)
- Erik the Viking (1989) – includes a notice in the credits specifically disclaiming any link with Jones's earlier novel ("although he hopes it will help the sales")
- The Wind in the Willows (1996)
Documentary series[link]
- Crusades (1995)
- Ancient Inventions – directed by Phil Grabsky and Daniel Percival (1998)
- The Surprising History of Egypt (USA, 2002) a.k.a. The Hidden History of Egypt (UK, 2003) – directed by Phil Grabsky
- The Surprising History of Rome (USA, 2002) a.k.a. The Hidden History of Rome (UK, 2003) – directed by Phil Grabsky
- The Surprising History of Sex and Love (2002) – directed by Alan Ereira and Phil Grabsky
- Terry Jones' Medieval Lives (2004)
- The Story of 1 (2005)
- Terry Jones' Barbarians (2006)
- Terry Jones' Great Map Mystery (2008)
Political articles[link]
Jones has published a number of articles on political and social commentary, principally in newspapers The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, and The Observer. Many of these articles criticized the war on terror, belittling it as "declaring war on an abstract noun" and comparing it to attempting to "annihilate mockery".[12]
Collaborations[link]
| Monty Python and the Holy Grail |
Monty Python's Life of Brian |
Monty Python's The Meaning of Life |
Erik the Viking |
The Wind in the Willows |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graham Chapman |
 Y |
Y |
Y |
||
| John Cleese |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Carol Cleveland |
Y |
Y |
Y |
||
| Terry Gilliam |
Y |
Y |
Y |
||
| Eric Idle |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
| Neil Innes |
Y |
Y |
|||
| Terry Jones |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
| Charles McKeown |
Y |
Y |
|||
| Michael Palin |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
| John Young |
Y |
Y |
Jones and Gavin Scott have been working for years on a script for a "sci-fi farce combining CGI and live action" tentatively called Absolutely Anything;[13] the film is expected to begin principal photography in spring 2012,[13] with Terry Gilliam, John Cleese, and Michael Palin agreeing to "provide voices for a group of aliens".[14]
Miscellany[link]
- An asteroid, 9622 Terryjones, is named in his honour. When asked during a webchat if this were the greatest honour he has received, Jones replied, "I didn't realise it was an honour to have a barren lump of rock named after one."[citation needed]
Further reading[link]
- Wilmut, Roger (1980). From Fringe to Flying Circus: Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy, 1960–1980. London: Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-46950-6.
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Bevan, Nathan (2011-03-05). "The life and times of Monty Python’s Terry Jones by Nathan Bevan, Western Mail at". Walesonline.co.uk. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/arts-in-wales/2011/03/05/the-life-and-times-of-monty-python-s-terry-jones-91466-28274298/. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ "Distinguished Old Guildfordians – Terry Jones". Royal Grammar School, Guildford Website. http://www.rgs-guildford.co.uk/page_viewer.asp?page=Terry+Jones&pid=355. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
- ^ Roger Wilmut, From Fringe to Flying Circus, London, 1980, p.38; "An interview with Terry Jones". IGN. http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/474/474005p1.html. Retrieved 29 June 2008. . He became interested in the medieval period through reading Chaucer as part of his English degree.
- ^ ""A Python's progress", Volume 22 Number 2, Hilary 2010 at". Oxfordtoday.ox.ac.uk. http://www.oxfordtoday.ox.ac.uk/2009-10/v22n2/06.shtml. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ Martin, Francesca (16 January 2008). "Ex-Python's opera rings the changes". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2008/jan/16/theatre3.
- ^ Williams, Holly (27 February 2011). "Heads Up: Operashots". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/heads-up-operashots-2226603.html.
- ^ "Website featuring Canadian doctor, Monty Python pal blends humour, health advice". ca.news.yahoo.com. 2012-01-19. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/website-featuring-canadian-doctor-monty-python-pal-blends-215901908.html. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
- ^ "Python legend battles cancer". The Daily Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/tm_headline=python-legend-battles-cancer-&method=full&objectid=17968557&siteid=94762-name_page.html. Retrieved 21 October 2006.
- ^ "Python op. success". The Daily Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/topstories/tm_method=full%26objectid=17981084%26siteid=94762-name_page.html. Retrieved 5 November 2006.
- ^ Price, Richard. A baby on the way for Monty Python star Terry Jones and lover who's 41 years younger." The Daily Mail. 26 April 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
- ^ Singh, Anita (28 September 2009). "Monty Python star Terry Jones introduces baby Siri". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/6239693/Monty-Python-star-Terry-Jones-introduces-baby-Siri.html. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ Jones, Terry. "Why grammar is the first casualty of war" The Daily Telegraph 1 December 2001
- ^ a b Pic reunites Monty Python members, a January 2012 Variety article
- ^ Terry Jones says Monty Pythons will reunite for film, a January 2012 BBC News article
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Terry Jones |
- Terry Jones on twitter
- Terry Jones at the Internet Movie Database
- Terry Jones at the BBC Guide to Comedy
- Terry Jones at the Comedy Zone
- MP3 audio interview with Jones from The Sound of Young America public radio program and podcast
- Interview with Terry Jones by Jeff Fleischer in Mother Jones. He talks about his politics columns.
- Text interview with Jones from Wisconsin Public Television. Jones talks about Monty Python's legacy and his more current work.
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jones, Terry Graham Parry |
| Alternative names | Jones, Terry |
| Short description | British comedian |
| Date of birth | 1 February 1942 |
| Place of birth | Colwyn Bay, Wales |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Terry_Jones
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Jones
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg (Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl. 1385 – 1416), were famous Dutch miniature painters from the city of Nijmegen. They were active in the early 15th century in France and Burgundy, working in the style known as International Gothic. They created what is certainly the best known late medieval illuminated manuscript, the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
Contents |
Heritage[link]
The brothers' grandfather, Johannes de Lymborgh probably came from Limbourg on the Vesdre to Nijmegen, then the capital of the duchy of Gelre. Johannes' son, Arnold, was a wood carver who worked for the ducal court. Around 1385 Arnold married Mechteld Maelwael or Maloeul, the daughter of a well-to-do family of heraldic painters. Herman (Hermant in French sources) was the eldest child (born about 1385), followed by Paul (Polleke; or Polequin in French sources: 1386 or 1387), and Johan (Johanneke; or Jacquemin, Gillequin, or Jehanequin in French sources: probably 1388). There were two younger brothers, Rutger and Arnold, and a sister, Greta.
Uncle Malouel[link]
Around 1398, after their father's death, the brothers were sent for by their uncle Jean Malouel (or Johan Maelwael, Jehan Maleuel in original French sources), the most important painter for the French and Burgundian courts of the time. Herman and Johan learned the craft of goldsmithing in Paris. At the end of 1399 they were travelling to visit Nijmegen but, owing to a war, they were captured in Brussels. Since their mother could not pay the ransom of 55 gold escuz, the local goldsmiths' guild started to collect the money. Eventually Philip the Bold paid the ransom for the sake of their uncle Malouel, his painter. The two boys were released in May, 1400.
Work on the Bible[link]
From surviving documents it is known that in February 1402 Paul and Johan were contracted by Philip to work for four years exclusively on illuminating a bible. This may or may not have been the Bible Moralisée, Ms.fr.166 in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris, which is indisputably an early work by the Limbourg brothers. Philip II died, in 1404, before the brothers had completed their work.
Jean de Berry[link]
After Philip's death, Herman, Paul, and Johan later in 1404 came to work for his brother John, Duke of Berry, who was an extravagant collector of arts and especially books. Their first assignment was to illuminate a Book of Hours, now known as the Belles Heures du Duc de Berry; held in The Cloisters of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
This work was finished in 1409 much to the satisfaction of the duke, and he assigned them to an even more ambitious project for a Book of Hours. This became the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, which is widely regarded as the peak of late medieval book illumination, and possibly the most valuable book in the world. It is kept as Ms.65 in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France.
Paul especially was on good terms with the duke, and received a court position as valet de chambre or personal attendant (his uncle had had the same position with the Duke of Burgundy). The duke gave him jewelry and a big house in Bourges. Paul was attracted to a young girl, Gillette la Mercière, but her parents disapproved. The duke had the girl confined, and released her only on the king's command. In 1411 Paul and Gillette married anyway, but the marriage remained childless (the girl was 12, her husband 24 at the time).
Death[link]
In the first half of 1416, Jean de Berry and the three Limbourg brothers, all less than 30 years old, died, possibly of plague, leaving the Très Riches Heures unfinished. An unidentified artist (possibly Barthélemy van Eyck) worked on the famous calendar miniatures in the 1440s when the book apparently was in the possession of René d'Anjou, and in 1485 Jean Colombe finished the work for the House of Savoy.
The work of the Limbourg brothers, being mostly inaccessible, became forgotten until the 19th century. Nevertheless they set an example for the next generations of painters, which extended beyond miniature painting. They worked in a Northern European tradition, but display influences from Italian models.
References[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Limbourg brothers |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry |
- Rob Dückers and Pieter Roelofs (eds.), The brothers van Limburg. Exhibition catalogue, Ludion, Nijmegen 2005. ISBN 90-5544-576-2
- Husband, Timothy B., The Art of Illumination: The Limbourg Brothers and the Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-13671-5
External links[link]
http://wn.com/Limbourg_brothers
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbourg_brothers
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the revolt leader Wat Tyler. For the punk rock band, see Wat Tyler (band).
Wat Tyler's death (left to right: [unidentified]; Sir William Walworth, Mayor of London (wielding sword); Wat Tyler; Richard II of England; and John Cavendish, esquire to Richard II (bearing lance)
Watler "Wat" Tyler (4 January 1341 – 15 June 1381) was a leader of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Knowledge of Tyler's early life is very limited, and derives mostly through the records of his enemies. Historians believe he was born in Essex, but are not sure why he crossed the Thames Estuary to Kent. Local tradition in Brenchley was that he was born there.[1]
The Peasants' Revolt[link]
With news of rebellions of the upper classes in France and Flanders, the English readied for an insurrection. John Ball, Jack Straw and others advocated the destruction of the hierarchical feudal system. Ball, like Tyler, held egalitarian values, though the medieval historian Jean Froissart describes Ball as insane. Other contemporaries suggest that he was involved with the Lollard movement. Such harsh, often unfounded attitudes toward the rebels are common among chroniclers, given that the latter belonged to the educated upper classes, who were usually the targets of rebellion rather than supporters of it. Thus, it is difficult to get an accurate sense of the actual aims and goals of rebels as their side of the story is not represented in historical accounts. Despite this difficulty, Tyler's name does appear in many monk scripts that were discovered throughout the years.
Richard II ascended to power after the death of Edward III; he was only 14 at the time of the rebellion. Since he was a minor, the Dukes of Lancaster, York and Gloucester governed in his name. These officials were the main targets of the rebels, who held that they were traitors to the king and undermined his authority. Several unsuccessful expeditions against France added to the burden on the English working class. The government resolved on a poll tax of three groats, which outraged the people because it was the same for rich and poor.
Reacting to the introduction of the oppressive poll tax, which the king had imposed because not enough income had been collected the previous year, Tyler led a mixed group "a very great number of [whom] were not simply peasants but village craftsmen and tradesmen" (The Peasants Revolt of 1381, R. B. Dobson, ed.), in taking Canterbury, before advancing on to Blackheath, outside London. Tyler then entered the city of London at the head of a group estimated at numbering over 50,000. After crossing London Bridge without resistance, the rebels then gained entry to the Tower of London and captured Simon Sudbury, the unpopular Archbishop of Canterbury, before proceeding to behead him and several of his followers. During subsequent rioting, the rebels also destroyed the Savoy palace that belonged to the Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt (who was the king's uncle). Richard of Wallingford presented a charter to King Richard II on behalf of Tyler. The king met the rebel army at Mile End and promised to address the people's grievances, which included the unpopular taxes.
Death and rout[link]
Twenty thousand people assembled at Smithfield. Richard II agreed to meet the leaders of the revolt, and listen to their demands. Wat Tyler decided to ride out alone and parley with the king. What was said between Tyler and the king is largely conjecture and little is known of the exact details of the encounter; however, by all accounts the unarmed Tyler was suddenly attacked without warning and killed by the Lord Mayor of London, Sir William Walworth, and John Cavendish, a member of the king's group. This unprovoked betrayal of the truce flag and Tyler's killing threw the people into a panic. Not being organized as a military force, they broke ranks and began to flee for their lives.
See also[link]
- John Ball – co-leader of 1381 Peasants' Revolt
- Jack Cade – leader of 1450 Kentish Revolt
- Jack Straw – co-leader of 1381 Peasants' Revolt
- Robert Kett – leader of 1549 Norfolk Rebellion
- Bartholomew Steer – leader of 1596 Oxfordshire Rebellion
References[link]
- ^ Archaeologica Cantiana. Canterbury: Kent Archaeological Society. 1880. p. 139. http://www.theweald.org/B10.asp?BookId=kas13a139&v=0&Xid=&xnm=1.
- Froissart, Jean, Froissart's Chronicles, New York, J. Winchester, pp. 283–290.
- Life and Adventures of Wat Tyler, the Brave and Good, London, Collins Publishing, 1851.
- "Historical, Biography of Wat Tyler", New York Daily Times, 28 October 1852, page 3.
- Hanawalt, Barbara A. The Middle Ages, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998, page 139.
- Robinson, John J. Born in Blood: The lost secrets of Freemasonry New York, M. Evans and Company, Inc., 1989.
External links[link]
|
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Wat Tyler. |
- Wat Tyler Country Park
- Wat Tyler on historyguide.org — a description, from a chronicle of the time, which relates the final meeting between Wat Tyler and King Richard II.
- EASF radical history wiki An East Anglia-specific look at the rebellion
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tyler, Wat |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 4 January 1341 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | 15 June 1381 |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Wat_Tyler
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wat_Tyler
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
