For the Aguaruna people's language, see Aguaruna language.

The Aguaruna (or Awajún, their endonym) are an indigenous people of the Peruvian jungle. Historically, they lived primarily on the Marañón River and several of its tributaries, in northern Peru near the border with Ecuador. Currently, they possess titled community lands in four of Peru's regions: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martin. According to Peru's 1993 Census the Aguaruna numbered approximately 45,000. World Census data for 2000 lists their population at just over 38,000.

The Awajún have the reputation of being an indomitable people who successfully resisted efforts to incorporate them into the Inca and Spanish empires. Their reputation for fierceness and the difficult terrain in which they live prevented them from being meaningfully incorporated into Peruvian national society until the late 1950s--and later still in some parts of their territory. They live in the geographical area of the Marañón river, that is to say in the banks of the Marañón river and of its tributaries, the rivers Santiago, Nieva, Cenepa, Numpatakay and Chiriaco. A significant Awajún population also lives in the Alto Mayo river basin in the Department of San Martín..