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Saturday, 16 February 2013

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Argentina
Argentina ⁱ/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.

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Ayr
Coordinates: 55°27′29″N 4°37′44″W / 55.458°N 4.629°W / 55.458; -4.629
Ayr (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Àir Mouth of the River Ayr) is a town and port situated on the Firth of Clyde in south-west Scotland. With a population of around 46,000, Ayr is the largest settlement in Ayrshire, of which it is the county town, and has held royal burgh status since 1205. Ayr is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire council area, which is the unitary local authority.
To the north of Ayr is the adjoining town of Prestwick, famous for its golf and its aviation industry as home of Glasgow Prestwick International Airport. Other neighbouring settlements include Alloway, known for its associations with the poet Robert Burns.
In 2002, Ayr was one of four Scottish towns competing for city status to mark Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee, losing out to Stirling.
On April 26, 1315, the first Parliament of Scotland was held in Ayr by Robert The Bruce at St.John's Tower by the sea. It was once known as 'Inverair/Inverayr' and this usage is still retained in the Scottish Gaelic form of the name Inbhir Air.

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Birmingham
Birmingham (ⁱ/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.

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Blackpool
Blackpool ⁱ/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.

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Brazil
Brazil ⁱ/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.

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Cardiff
Cardiff (ⁱ/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.

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Catalonia
Catalonia (English /kætəˈloʊniə/, /kætəˈloʊnjə/; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈɫuɲə] or [kataˈluɲa]; Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]; Occitan: Catalonha [kataˈluɲɔ]) is an autonomous region of Spain in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula, with the official status of a "nationality". Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona which is the second largest Spanish city by population after Madrid. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an official population of 7,535,251. Its borders essentially reflect those of the former Principality of Catalonia. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east (580 km coastline). The official languages are Catalan, Spanish and Aranese (Occitan).
The name Catalunya (Catalonia) began to be used in the late 11th century in reference to the group of counties that comprised the Marca Hispanica. The origin of the term is subject to diverse interpretations. A theory suggests that Catalunya derives from the term "Land of Castles", having evolved from the term castlà, the ruler of a castle (see castellan). This theory therefore suggests that the names Castile and Catalonia have the same etymology.

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Coventry
Coventry (ⁱ/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.

wn.com/Coventry
Crawley
Crawley ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is 28 miles (45 km) south of Charing Cross, 18 miles (29 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 32 miles (51 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of 17.36 square miles (44.96 km²) and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald; its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought a passing trade, encouraging the development of coaching inns. It was connected to the railway network in the 1840s.
Gatwick Airport, now one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. After the Second World War, the British Government planned to move large numbers of people and jobs out of London and into new towns around South East England. The New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of one of these. A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town in a few decades.

wn.com/Crawley
Dorset
Dorset ( /ˈdɔrsɨt/) (or archaically, Dorsetshire), is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The ceremonial county comprises the area covered by the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, together with the unitary authorities of Poole and Bournemouth. Dorset covers an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi); it borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. Around half of Dorset's population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
The county has a long history of human settlement and some notable archaeology, including the hill forts of Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. A large defensive ditch, Bokerley Dyke, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset for up to 150 years. In 1348 the black death came ashore at Melcombe Regis and spread throughout England, killing a third of the population. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: the first trade union was formed by farm labourers from Tolpuddle in 1834, the Glorious Revolution was instigated in an ice-house at Charborough Park, and the Duke of Monmouth and his rebels landed at Lyme Regis. During the English Civil War (1642–1651) angry yokels fought with Cromwell's forces near Shaftesbury. The naval base at Portland has had a pivotal role in the nation's defence for many years, and with Weymouth and Poole was one of the main embarkation points on D-Day.

wn.com/Dorset
Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.

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Evesham
Coordinates: 52°05′N 1°57′W / 52.09°N 1.95°W / 52.09; -1.95
Evesham is a market town and a civil parish in the Local Authority District of Wychavon in the county of Worcestershire, England with a population of 22,000. It is located roughly equidistant between Worcester, Cheltenham and Stratford-upon-Avon. Evesham lies within the Vale of Evesham, an area comprising the flood plain of the River Avon, which was once a major centre for market gardening. The town centre, situated within a meander of the river, is regularly subject to severe flooding. In 2007 the floods were the most severe in recorded history.
The town was founded around an early 8th century abbey, which was once one of the largest in Europe. The abbey was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, with only Abbot Lichfield's Bell Tower remaining. During the 13th century, one of the two main battles of England's Second Barons' War took place near the town, marking the victory of Prince Edward who later became King Edward I.

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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (ⁱ/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.

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Grantham
Coordinates: 52°55′05″N 0°38′17″W / 52.918°N 0.638°W / 52.918; -0.638
Grantham is a market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It bestrides the London to Edinburgh East Coast Main Line railway and the River Witham, and lies close to the A1 main north-south road.
Grantham is located approximately 26 miles (42 km) south of the city of Lincoln, and approximately 24 miles (39 km) east of the city of Nottingham. The resident population at the 2001 census was 34,592 in around 18,000 households, excluding the adjacent village of Great Gonerby. With the housing estates in Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without (around a population of 4,500), this figure would be around 42,000.^{[says who?]}
The town is best known as the birthplace of former prime minister Margaret Thatcher, and the place where Isaac Newton went to school. It is close to an ancient Roman road, and was the scene of Oliver Cromwell's first advantage over Royalists during the English Civil War at Gonerby Moor.^{[citation needed]} Grantham is also notable for having the first female police officers in the United Kingdom, in 1914, and producing the first running diesel engine in 1892, and the UK's first tractor in 1896.

wn.com/Grantham
High Wycombe
Coordinates: 51°37′43″N 0°44′54″W / 51.628661°N 0.748238°W / 51.628661; -0.748238
High Wycombe ( /ˌhaɪ ˈwɪkəm/), commonly known as Wycombe and formally called Chepping Wycombe or Chipping Wycombe until 1946, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is 29 miles (47 km) west-north-west of Charing Cross in London; this information is also engraved on the Corn Market building in the centre of the town. According to the 2001 census High Wycombe had a population of 92,300, making it the largest town in the non-metropolitan county of Buckinghamshire now that the Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority area, and the second largest in the ceremonial county. The High Wycombe Urban Area, the conurbation of which the town is the largest component has a population of 118,219.
High Wycombe is mostly an unparished area in the Wycombe district. Part of the urban area constitutes a civil parish of Chepping Wycombe, which had a population of 14,455 according to the 2001 census – this parish represents that part of the ancient parish of Chepping Wycombe which was outside the former municipal borough of Wycombe.

wn.com/High_Wycombe
Ilford
Coordinates: 51°33′32″N 0°05′08″E / 51.558807°N 0.085459°E / 51.558807; 0.085459
Ilford is a large cosmopolitan town in East London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It forms a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development. Ilford was historically a small rural settlement in the county of Essex and its strategic position on the River Roding and the London to Colchester road caused it to develop as a coaching town. The arrival of the railway in 1839 eventually accelerated that growth and as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Ilford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The town has since made attempts to raise its profile, and due to its proximity to the Olympic Park in nearby Stratford, Ilford was announced as the fastest-growing tourist destination in Europe in 2011.

wn.com/Ilford
Indonesia
Indonesia (ⁱ/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

wn.com/Indonesia
Ipswich
Ipswich ⁱ/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ is a large town and a non-metropolitan district. It is the county town of Suffolk, England. Ipswich is located on the estuary of the River Orwell. Nearby towns are Felixstowe, Needham Market and Stowmarket in Suffolk and Harwich and Colchester in Essex.
The town of Ipswich overspills the borough boundaries significantly, with 85% of the town's population living within the borough at the time of the 2001 Census, when it was the third-largest settlement in the United Kingdom's East of England region, and the 49th largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
The modern name is derived from the medieval name 'Gippeswick', probably taken from the River Gipping which is the non-tidal section of the River Orwell. As of 2007, the borough of Ipswich is estimated to have a population of approximately 128,000 inhabitants.
Under the Roman empire, the area around Ipswich formed an important route inland to rural towns and settlements via the rivers Orwell and Gipping.^{[citation needed]} A large Roman fort, part of the coast defences of Britain, stood at Walton near Felixstowe (13 miles, 21 km), and the largest Roman villa in Suffolk (possibly an administrative complex) stood at Castle Hill (north-west Ipswich).

wn.com/Ipswich
Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.^{[neutrality is disputed]} Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.

wn.com/Israel
Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (ⁱ/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.

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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (ⁱ/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.

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Littlehampton
Coordinates: 50°48′34″N 0°32′27″W / 50.80938°N 0.54089°W / 50.80938; -0.54089
Littlehampton is a seaside resort town and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England, on the east bank at the mouth of the River Arun. It lies 51.5 miles (83 km) south southwest of London, 17.5 miles (28 km) west of Brighton and 11 miles (18 km) east of the county town of Chichester.
The parish covers an area of 11.35 km² (4 sq mi) and has a population of 25,593 (2001 census).The Sub-Urban Area of the town has a population of approx 55,000. The conurbation includes other settlements: Wick in the north west; Lyminster to the north; and Rustington to the east. Wick and Toddington became part of the town in 1901. Nearby towns include Bognor Regis west southwest and Worthing to the east. The town is also the westernmost settlement of the 12th largest urban area in the UK, the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, a region encompassing some 461,181 people (2001 census).
A human settlement at Littlehampton can be traced back to prehistoric and Roman times, while it appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the small hamlet of 'Hantone'. The settlement is believed to have been a fishing community around this time, appearing on a French map in around 1100 as 'Hanton'. The settlement is then believed to have been given to the Abbey of St Martin de Seez in Normandy, who owned Littlehampton until around 1400. The area then passed back to the ownership of successive Earls of Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk, whose successors still reside in Arundel today. Littlehampton began to develop as a port as a result of constant silting of the River Arun, perhaps leading to the prefix of 'Little' being added to 'Hampton', in order to distinguish it from the larger Southampton further along the coast. The expansion of port activities led to a new river mouth being cut in 1735, alongside the building of a wooden harbour.

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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.

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Llandudno
Coordinates: 53°19′N 3°49′W / 53.32°N 3.82°W / 53.32; -3.82
Llandudno (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈdɪdnɔ]) is a seaside resort and town in Conwy County Borough, Wales. In the 2001 UK census it had a population of 20,090 including that of Penrhyn Bay and Penrhynside, which are within the Llandudno Community.
Llandudno, "Queen of the Welsh Resorts", a title first implied as early as 1864, is now the largest seaside resort in Wales, and lies on a flat isthmus of sand between the Welsh mainland and the Great Orme peninsula. Llandudno was formerly in the district of Aberconwy within Gwynedd, and until 1974 was in Caernarfonshire.
The town of Llandudno developed from stone age, bronze age and Iron Age settlements over many hundreds of years on the slopes of the limestone headland, known to seafarers as the Great Orme and to landsmen as the Creuddyn peninsula. The origins in recorded history are with the Manor of Gogarth conveyed by King Edward I to Annan, Bishop of Bangor in 1284. The manor comprised three townships, Y Gogarth in the south-west, Y Cyngreawdr in the north (with the parish church of St. Tudno) and Yn Wyddfid in the south-east.

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Malaysia
Malaysia (ⁱ/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or ⁱ/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.

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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchester ⁱ/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.

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North London
North London is the northern part of London, England. It is an imprecise description and the area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes. Common to these definitions is that it includes districts located north of the River Thames and is used in comparison with South London. However, it is also often used in comparisons with Central London, East London and West London.
The River Thames divides Greater London into two parts. The northern part includes most of the historic central areas including the City, the East End and the West End; and the majority of the London Underground network.
This area is made up of the City of London and the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Brent, Camden, Ealing, Enfield, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, and Westminster. This definition is used by the Boundary Commission for England. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames includes sections on both sides of the River Thames. The boundary commission class the entire district as part of South London.

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Northampton
Northampton ⁱ/nɔrˈθæmptən/ is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. Situated about 67 miles (108 km) north-west of London and around 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham, Northampton lies on the River Nene and is the county town of Northamptonshire. The demonym of Northampton is Northamptonian.
Original settlements in Northampton date back to the 6th century. Its modern development is largely due to its rapid population increase since the 1960s after a planned expansion occurred under the New Towns Commission in the early 1970s. In 2001, its urban area population was 197,199 while its town population was 189,474, making Northampton the 27th largest settlement in England, and the UK's 3rd largest town without official city status after Reading and Dudley. Northampton is the most populous district in England that is not a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
Northampton has a history of the manufacture of boots and shoes yet engineering has taken over as a modern key industry; other industries include food processing, brewing, and the manufacture of shoe machinery, cosmetics, leather goods, and car accessories. At present, the major employers are public administration, financial services, and the distribution trade.

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Nottingham
Nottingham (ⁱ/ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ NOT-ing-əm) is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group.
Nottingham is famed for its links with the legend of Robin Hood and, during the Industrial Revolution, obtained worldwide recognition for its lace-making, bicycle and tobacco industries. With origins tracable back to 600 AD, Nottingham was granted its city charter as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897 and has since been officially titled the City of Nottingham. The city has historically been nicknamed The Queen of the Midlands, being the smaller yet less industrialised regional neighbour to the Midlands biggest city, Birmingham. Nottingham is considered the primary centre of England's East Midlands region, being home to numerous regional headquarters and media stations including the BBC East Midlands and the Regional Government Office.
Whilst Nottingham has always had a tightly-drawn authority boundary, accounting for its relatively small population of 306,700, Nottingham's Urban Area has a population of approximately 670,000; in the 2001 census, it was the eighth largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Eurostat's concept of the Larger Urban Zone listed the area's population at 825,600 as of 2004.

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Peterborough
Peterborough ( /ˈpiːtərbrə/ or ⁱ/ˈpiːtərbərə/) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of 173,400 in June 2007. For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. Situated 75 miles (121 km) north of London, the city stands on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line.
The local topography is flat and low-lying, and in some places lies below sea level. The area known as the Fens is to the east of Peterborough. The City of Peterborough includes the outlying military installation of RAF Wittering, and as a unitary authority it borders Northamptonshire and Rutland to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and Cambridgeshire to the south and east.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre. This site also shows evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, then known as Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral. The population grew rapidly following the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly noted for its brick manufacture.

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Portsmouth
Portsmouth (ⁱ/ˈpɔːtsməθ/) is the second largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is notable for being the United Kingdom's only island city; it is located mainly on Portsea Island. It is situated 64 miles (103 km) south west from London and 19 miles (31 km) south east from Southampton.
As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior, the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Lord Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey.
The Spinnaker Tower is a striking recent addition to the city's skyline. It can be found in the redeveloped former HMS Vernon, formerly a shore establishment or 'stone frigate' of the Royal Navy, now an area of retail outlets, restaurants, clubs and bars now known as Gunwharf Quays.

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Romania
Romania (ⁱ/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.

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Singapore
Singapore (ⁱ/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.

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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (ⁱ/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.

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South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, United Kingdom.
According to the 2011 official Boundary Commission for England definition, South London includes the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.
The River Thames divides Greater London into two parts. The southern part includes the historic central areas of Southwark, Lambeth and Bankside and also maritime Greenwich. The area has only a small section of the London Underground network, but has a much more extensive suburban railway system than North London and is the location of all of London's tram services.
This area is made up of the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth. This definition is used by the Boundary Commission for England. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames includes sections on both sides of the River Thames and the boundary commission class the entire district as part of South London, pairing it with Kingston upon Thames for the purposes of devising constituencies.

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Stevenage
Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north, and Welwyn Garden City to the south.
Stevenage is roughly 30 miles (50 km) north of central London. Its population was 1,430 in 1801, 4,049 in 1901, 79,724 in 2001 and 84,651 in 2007. The largest increase occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, after Stevenage was designated a new town under the New Towns Act of 1946.
Two films have been filmed and set in Stevenage, Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush and Boston Kickout. Spy Game was partly filmed in Stevenage but set in Washington, D.C. The BBC sitcom Saxondale was set and filmed almost entirely in Stevenage.
Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiðen āc / stithen ac (various Old English dialects cited here) meaning '(place at) the strong oak'.
The name was recorded as Stithenæce, c.1060 and Stigenace in 1086 in the Domesday Book.
The present site of Stevenage lies near a Roman road that ran from Verulamium to Baldock. Some Romano-British remains were discovered during the building of the New Town, and a hoard of 2,000 silver Roman coins was discovered in 1986 during new house building in the Chells Manor part of Stevenage. The most substantial evidence of activity from Roman times are the Six Hills, six tumuli by the side of the old Great North Road - presumably the burial places of a local family.

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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.

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Swindon
Coordinates: 51°34′N 1°47′W / 51.56°N 1.78°W / 51.56; -1.78
Swindon ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a large town within the Borough of Swindon and ceremonial county of Wiltshire, in South West England. It is situated midway between Bristol, 40 miles (64 km) west and Reading, 40 miles (64 km) east. London is 81 miles (130 km) to the east. In the 2001 census, the population of the Swindon urban area was 155,432, while the wider borough of Swindon had a population of 184,000.
Swindon was named an Expanded Town under the Town Development Act 1952 and this led to a major increase in its population.Swindon railway station is on the line from London Paddington to Bristol. Swindon Borough Council, is a unitary authority independent of Wiltshire Council since 1997. Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians. Swindon is home to the Bodleian Library's book depository, which contains 153 miles (246 km) of bookshelves.
The original Saxon settlement of Swindon sat in a defensible position atop a limestone hill. It is referred to in the Domesday Book as Suindune, believed to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon words "swine" and "dun" meaning pig hill or possibly, Sweyn's hill, where Sweyn would be the local landlord.

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Tadworth
Coordinates: 51°17′38″N 0°14′31″W / 51.294°N 0.242°W / 51.294; -0.242
Tadworth is a large suburban village in Surrey, on the south-east slope of Epsom Downs. It forms part of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. The census area Tadworth and Walton has a population of 7,016. Neighbouring settlements include Walton-on-the-Hill, Kingswood, Epsom, Burgh Heath, Banstead, Reigate and Sutton. Tadworth lay within the Copthorne hundred, an administrative division devised by the Saxons.
The village is near to Epsom Downs racecourse, home to the Epsom Derby.
Tadworth appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Tadeorde and Tadorne. It was held partly by Halsart from William de Braiose and partly by Radulf (Ralph) from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its domesday assets were: 2 hides. It had 5 ploughs, woodland worth 4 hogs. It rendered £3 15s 0d.
The village is the home of The Children's Trust, Tadworth a national charity providing special care for severely disabled children and rehabilitation to children with acquired brain injuries.

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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.

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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.

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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.

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Colin Hay
Colin James Hay (born 29 June 1953) is a Scottish-Australian musician, who made his mark during the 1980s as lead vocalist of the Australian band Men at Work, and later as a solo artist. Regarding his solo career, Hay stated, in 2011: "I feel like it’s been building for the last fifteen, or so, years that I’ve been touring. It’s slow and steady. It’s been word-of-mouth. People see the show, like it, and tell their friends. It feels very organic."
Hay's music has been frequently used by actor and director Zach Braff in his work, subsequently leading to a career rebirth in the mid-2000s. Commenting on his younger fanbase, Hay noted, "Most of them have an idea about Men at Work, but that's the subplot. They picked up on me since Scrubs, they're young enough they never heard of Men at Work. But I've found if people discover you they discover everything about you."
Hay was born in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland, but moved to Australia at the age of 14 with his family.
In 1978, Hay met Ron Strykert and the men began playing acoustic music as a duo. Hay and Strykert formed the band Men at Work, adding Jerry Speiser (drums), John Rees (bassist) and Greg Ham (flautist/saxophonist). The group released their debut album Business as Usual in 1981.

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Dwyane Wade
Dwyane Tyrone Wade, Jr. (born January 17, 1982), nicknamed Flash or D-Wade, is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat. Awarded 2006 Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated, Wade has established himself as one of the most well-known and popular players in the league. He had the top selling jersey in the NBA for nearly two years, as he led the NBA in jersey sales from the 2005 NBA Playoffs, until the mid-point of the 2006–07 season.
After entering the league as the fifth pick in the 2003 NBA Draft, Wade was named to the All-Rookie team and the All-Star team the following eight seasons. In his third season, Wade helped lead the Miami Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history. He was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP as he helped lead the Heat to a 4–2 series win over the Dallas Mavericks. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States Men's Basketball team, commonly known as the "Redeem Team", in scoring, as they captured gold medal honors in Beijing, China. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title.

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Jo Frost
Joanne "Jo" Frost (born 27 June 1971) is a British nanny and television personality. She was the central figure of the reality television program Supernanny. She has written three books on childcare and began her work experience in 1989.
Frost was born in London, England, in 1971 to an English father and a Gibraltarian mother.
While she has no children of her own, Frost has 21 years' experience in the field of childcare, working as a nanny in Britain and the United States, including work with families on the television series Supernanny, which is shown in 49 countries. Frost's books are Supernanny: How to Get the Best from Your Children,Ask Supernanny: What Every Parent Wants to Know, and Jo Frost's Confident Baby Care. Her childcare approach focuses on maintaining consistent adult authority, while creating a safe and peaceful environment. She introduced parents to "the naughty step", a variation on the "time-out" method. She suggests solutions for behavioural issues such as adherence to bed time, meal time conduct, behaviour in public, sibling rivalry, and anger management.

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Kalthoum Sarrai
Kalthoum Sarrai (25 September 1962 – 19 January 2010) was a Tunisian-born French, television presenter, anchorwoman and television personality. She was known to many French and Belgian television viewers for her role in the French version of Super Nanny, which began airing on M6 on 1 February 2005.
Sarrai was born in Tunis, Tunisia, on 25 September 1962, as one of seven children. She moved to France in 1979, where she studied child psychology before pursuing a successful career as an anchorwoman and television presenter. She was the anchorwoman of M6's main news program, which shares the same name as the channel. Sarrai also authored three books, including an autobiography.
She began appearing on the French version of Super Nanny in 2005. The show, in which she taught parents basic child care and parenting techniques, attracted 3.7 million viewers in Belgium and France, making her a familiar personality on M6.
Kalthoum Sarrai died in Paris on Tuesday 19 January 2010, of cancer at the age of 47. She was buried in Tunis.

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Mark Heap
Mark Heap (born 13 May 1957) is an English actor perhaps best known for his comedy roles on British TV including Spaced and Big Train. He had a regular role in period drama Lark Rise to Candleford and has appeared in films including the fantasy Stardust.
He began his acting career in the 1980s as a member of the Medieval Players, a touring company performing medieval and early modern theatre, and featuring stilt-walking, juggling and puppetry. After its demise, he became part of the street theatre duo The Two Marks (with Mark Saban) who appeared on television shows Ghost Train and 3-2-1.
He is perhaps best known for a variety of television comedy roles, often playing obsessive and self-deluded characters, including struggling artist Brian Topp in Spaced, the pompous Dr. Alan Statham in Green Wing, and various roles in the sketch show Big Train. He has worked in a number of ventures with Chris Morris, appearing in Jam, its radio predecessor Blue Jam, and the documentary parody series Brass Eye.

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Nick Frost
Nicholas John "Nick" Frost (born 28 March 1972) is an English actor, comedian and screenwriter. He is best known for his work with Edgar Wright and Simon Pegg in the role of Mike Watt in the television comedy Spaced, as well as the film characters Ed in Shaun of the Dead, PC/Sgt. Danny Butterman in Hot Fuzz, Clive Gollings in Paul, and drug-dealer Ron in Attack the Block. He is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show Man Stroke Woman.
Frost was born in Dagenham, Essex, the son of office furniture designers. Frost attended Beal High School.
He worked as a waiter and appeared in corporate training video clips such as 'Chris Carter and The Coverplan Challenge', a Dixons Group sales video, before gaining fame as Tim's Army-obsessed best friend Mike in the British comedy Spaced, which was written by Pegg and Jessica Hynes and aired on Channel 4 for two series. In 2001, Frost played a small role in a one-off episode of Victoria Wood's Acorn Antiques. This was a specially written episode shown during the series, "The Sketch Show Story" that Victoria narrated, in which Frost played an armed robber who 'shot dead' Acorn Antiques' most lovable character, Mrs Overall (Julie Walters).

wn.com/Nick_Frost

Supernanny s Cooke Family

Jo returns to the UK to help the Cooke family with their three daughters: 9-year-old Megha...

published: 30 Oct 2011

author: kids961

Supernanny s Minyon Family

Jo visits the Minyon family where the house is dominated by their 3-year-old daughter, Sky...

published: 30 Nov 2011

author: kids961

Supernanny Carsley Family

Jo helps out single mom Cheryl Carsley with her five kids: 7-year-old Chantal, and two set...

published: 08 Sep 2012

author: kids961

Supernanny (Disc 1 Of 2)(FULL DVDRip)

Naughty kids beware! No-nonsense nanny Jo Frost returns for this collection of case studie...

published: 17 Sep 2012

author: Michael Harford

Supernanny s Jackson Family

Jo helps the Jackson family with their 5-year-old triplets Will, Ethan, and Isabella. With...

published: 02 Nov 2011

author: kids961

Supernanny Schwartz Family

Jo helps out Cathy and Steve Schwartz with their four daughters: 6-year-old Samantha, 4-ye...

published: 20 Dec 2011

author: kids961

Supernanny Amaral Family

Jo helps Michael and Lorraine Amaral, whose three sons: 9-year-old Ryan, 4-year-old Logan,...

published: 29 Nov 2012

author: kids961

Supernanny Newton Family

Jo helps out divorced parents Aaron and Vicki Newton with their 2 boys: 12-year-old Aaron ...

published: 02 Jan 2013

author: kids961

Supernanny-The Moy family part 1

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published: 27 Jul 2009

author: NoRacism17

supernanny.Colombo.Family

Stay-at-home mom Danielle, 33, is overwhelmed by her misbehaving two boys, Carlo, 4, and J...

published: 07 Jan 2012

author: kids961

Supernanny Silva Family

Jo helps the Silva family where parents Tom and Danielle each have two kids from a previou...

published: 08 Nov 2012

author: kids961

Supernanny.McGrath.Family

Bill and Tammy McGrath of Hamlin, New York, have three beautiful young children, and their...

published: 01 Jan 2012

author: kids961

supernanny.s Peterfreund.Family

For the first time, Jo works with a family with a newborn when she encounters the Peterfre...

published: 11 Apr 2012

author: kids961

Supernanny - The Weston Family 6/8

Bedtime Season 1. Episode 5. Bedtime, before & after supernanny gives mom guidelines....

published: 16 Mar 2008

author: TechnaGirl

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 1/8

Season 1. Episode 4. Introduction to the Wischmeyer family....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 2/8

The First day Season 1. Episode 4. The first day at the Wischmeyer family....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 3/8

Sit-down Season 1. Episode 4. The parents & nanny sit down and talk....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 4/8

Supernanny's Schedule Season 1. Episode 4. Jo Frost introducing the schedule, and talks to...

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 5/8

Bedtime Season 1. Episode 4. Bedtime, before & after supernanny gives mom guidelines....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 6/8

The Naughty Corner Technique Season 1. Episode 4. Jo Frost introducing the naughty corner....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 7/8

Jo Frost Helps Jared Season 1. Episode 12. Jo Frost helps Jared, the only son in the famil...

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Wischmeyer Family 8/8

The last day Season 1. Episode 2. The last day at the Wiscmeyer family....

published: 15 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 1/11

Season 2. Episode 1. Introduction to the Minyon family....

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 2/11

The first day Season 2. Episode 1. The first day at the Minyon family....

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 3/11

Family Issues Season 2. Episode 1. Issues in the Minyon family....

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 4/11

Sit-down Season 2. Episode 1. The parents & supernanny sit down and talk....

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 5/11

The Time Out Technique Season 1. Episode 1. Skyler has to go in timeout....

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

Supernanny - The Minyon Family 6/11

The Rise & Shine Technique Season 2. Episode 1. Nanny is introducing the rise & shine tech...

published: 16 Nov 2011

author: soundssweetairs

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photo: AP / Nasha gazeta, www.ng.kz

In this frame grab made from a video done with a dashboard camera, on a highway from Kostanai, Kazakhstan, to Chelyabinsk region, Russia, provided by Nasha Gazeta newspaper, on Friday, Feb. 15, 2013 a meteorite contrail is seen.

Meteor shower hits Russia, 400 injured by blasts

Indian Express

15 Feb 2013

A meteor streaked across the sky above Russia's Ural Mountains today morning, causing sharp explosions and injuring more than 400 people, many of them hurt by broken glass. "There was panic. People had no idea what was happening ... Fragments of the meteor fell in a thinly populated area of the Chelyabinsk region, the Emergency Ministry said in a statement ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: AP

In this Tuesday, April 24, 2012 file photo, fighters from Islamist group Ansar Dine stand guard during a hostage handover, in the desert outside Timbuktu, Mali.

Secret Taliban letter shows Mali strategy, discord

Stuff

14 Feb 2013

In their hurry to flee last month, al Qaeda fighters left behind a crucial document. Tucked under a pile of papers and trash is a confidential letter, spelling out the terror network's strategy for conquering northern Mali and reflecting internal discord over how to rule the region ... Comparing the relationship of al Qaeda to Mali as that of an adult to an infant, he urges them to be more gentle, like a parent ... Ad Feedback ... - AP. ....(size: 12.4Kb)

photo: AP / Miraflores Presidential Press Office)

In this photo released Friday, Feb. 15, 2013 by Miraflores Presidential Press Office, Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez, center, poses for a photo with his daughters, Maria Gabriela, left, and Rosa Virginia at an unknown location in Havana, Cuba, Thursday, Feb. 14, 2013.

Venezuela Releases First Pictures of Chávez

The New York Times

15 Feb 2013

CARACAS, Venezuela — The Venezuelan government on Friday released photographs of President Hugo Chávez for the first time since he had surgery in Cuba more than nine weeks ago. Enlarge This Image. Venezuelan Ministry of Information, via Reuters ... Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors. The four photos showed Mr ... In three of the photos Mr....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: UN / Mark Garten

US Representative Briefs Press on DPRK Nuclear Test Susan Rice, Permanent Representative of the United States to the UN, speaks to journalists following the Security Council urgent consultations on the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK).

N Korea warned against 'provocative actions'

Al Jazeera

16 Feb 2013

The United States has called on North Korea not to take any further provocative actions after report of plans for more nuclear tests. Friday's statement came after the North conducted its third nuclear test on Tuesday, drawing global condemnation ... Meanwhile, North Korea's leader has made his first public appearance since Tuesday's controversial nuclear test. ... Al Jazeera's Harry Fawcett, reporting from Seoul, said ... 479 Source .....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP

A circular hole in the ice of Chebarkul Lake where a meteor reportedly struck the lake near Chelyabinsk, about 1500 kilometers (930 miles) east of Moscow, Russia, Friday, Feb. 15, 2013.

Russian meteor blast injures at least 1,000 people, authorities say

CNN

16 Feb 2013

February 16, 2013 -- Updated 0115 GMT (0915 HKT). Did you see the meteor? Share your images with CNN iReport. Moscow (CNN) -- A meteor streaked through the skies above Russia's Urals region Friday morning before exploding with a flash and boom that shattered glass in buildings and left about 1,000 people hurt, authorities said ... The injured included more than 200 children ... The meteor leaves a white streak through the sky ... << ... CNN TV ....(size: 14.9Kb)

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Kirstie Alley lands series on TV Land alongside Rhea Perlman and Michael Richards (Video)

Celebrity Café

16 Feb 2013

Kirstie Alley is ready to call TV Land her new home as the network has added Kirstie’s New Show to their lineup ... Following the announcement TV Land President Larry W. Jones stated, "This cast is a TV Land dream team of ......(size: 1.2Kb)

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IMDb

16 Feb 2013

We now have the trailer for the upcoming series, which includes footage from the first episodes. NBC skipped the usual pilot process, placing a 13-episode first season order for the ......(size: 0.9Kb)

S.D. NATIVE STARS IN NEW TV SERIES ON NICKELODEON

U~T San Diego

16 Feb 2013

Actor Jerry Trainor was nominated last year as favorite TV sidekick in the Kids Choice Awards USA ... Now, however, he is co-starring in his own show. Trainor, 36, who grew up in Scripps Ranch, is portraying Vinnie in Nickelodeon’s new comedy series, “Wendell & Vinnie,” premiering at 8 tonight ... Trainor went directly from college to Hollywood, appearing in a series of roles ... Puppy” series, to mention only a few ... History repeats ... Brian’s song ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)

Rupert Grint stars in new CBS TV series

Celebrity Café

15 Feb 2013

Rupert Grint, star of the Harry Potter franchise, landed another starring role in CBS’s new single-camera comedy Super Clyde ... Part 2 ... If filming moves forward, Clyde will be Grint’s first recurring role in a television series. 0. No votes yet ... None ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Premiere Date Announced for Hannibal TV Series

IMDb

15 Feb 2013

We’ve been covering the Hannibal TV series for quite some time, but it was never known when the series would premiere on NBC....(size: 0.9Kb)

Thursday TV Ratings: Community Suffers Huge Drop for Series Low, Zero Hour Premieres with Record Low, Scandal Eclipses Grey’S Anatomy

IMDb

15 Feb 2013

Thursday night’s TV ratings are in. Here’s a brief look at the highlights ... to note that TV viewing as a whole was down last night in lieu of the Valentine’s Day holiday....(size: 1.0Kb)

TV Land Orders Kirstie Alley-Michael Richards Comedy to Series

IMDb

15 Feb 2013

The cable network home to Hot in Cleveland has picked up Kirstie's New Show (previously titled Giant Baby) to series, TV ......(size: 0.7Kb)

TV Land Picks Up Kirstie Alley’s Pilot To Series

IMDb

15 Feb 2013

TV Land has given a series order to Alley’s project, titled Giant Baby at the pilot stage. It is now being renamed ... ». - NELLIE ANDREEVA. ....(size: 0.8Kb)

The Good News and the Bad News About the New Cleopatra TV Series

Jezebel

15 Feb 2013

Dodai ......(size: 0.0Kb)

Kirstie Alley's TV Land Pilot Gets A Series Order

Cinema Blend

15 Feb 2013

A few months ago, the network had the brilliant idea of signing TV vets including Kirstie Alley, Rhea Pearlman, and Seinfelds Michael Richards on for a new pilot, and now the network has announced Kirsties New Show is getting a series order ... We first heard about the TV project back in September....(size: 1.4Kb)

Kirstie Alley's TV Land Project Gets A Series Order

Cinema Blend

15 Feb 2013

Kirstie Alley and Michael Richards’ TV Land pilot gets picked up straight to series

Celebrity Café

15 Feb 2013

TV Land is continuing its philosophy of gathering former sitcom stars for new sitcoms with Kirstie’s New Show with Kirstie Alley. The network has ordered the pilot to go straight to series ... According to a press release posted at TVByTheNumbers, TV Land ordered 12 episodes ... “This series ......(size: 1.5Kb)

MTV TO AIR CAN’T MISS SEASON FINALE EPISODE OF GROUNDBREAKING DOCU-SERIES “CATFISH: THE TV SHOW” ON MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18 AT 11:00 P.M. ET/PT (MTV Networks Company)

noodls

15 Feb 2013

MTV Networks Company) MTV TO AIR CAN'T MISS SEASON FINALE EPISODE OF GROUNDBREAKING DOCU-SERIES "CATFISH ... The TV Show," produced by RelativityREAL, became MTV's highest rated series premiere at 11.00 p.m ... The TV Show" is averaging a 2.3 P12-34, and averaging 2.4 million total viewers. The show was the highest-rated new cable series of 2012, and continues to rank as Monday's #1 cable series.*....(size: 6.7Kb)

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This article is about the TV show. For the Drawn Together episode, see Super Nanny (Drawn Together episode).

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2010)

Supernanny
250px
Format	Reality TV
Starring	Jo Frost
Narrated by	Series 1 = Anthony Green Series 2 = Mark Heap Series 2 - 5 & US Series (UK Airings) = Nick Frost Series 6 = Bob Marsden
Country of origin	United Kingdom
Language(s)	English
No. of series	7
No. of episodes	43 (UK) / 98 (USA)
Production
Producer(s)	Ricochet Entertainment Shed Media
Running time	42 minutes
Broadcast
Original channel	Channel 4/E4 (UK) ABC/Style (USA) W (Canada)
Picture format	1080i (HDTV) 2010-present
Original run	7 July 2004 (2004-07-07) – 24 August 2011 (2011-08-24)
Chronology
Related shows	Born to Be Different It's Me or the Dog

Supernanny is a reality TV programme which originated in the United Kingdom about parents struggling with their children's behaviour. The UK version has aired on Channel 4 with E4 showing repeats since 2004. The programme returned in 2010. The show features professional nanny Jo Frost, who devotes each episode to helping a family where the parents are struggling with their child-rearing. Through instruction and observation, she shows the parents alternative ways to discipline their children and regain order in their households. Frost is a proponent of the "naughty chair" theory of discipline and is strictly opposed to spanking. Its competing series is Nanny 911.

In the U.S., it aired on ABC and Style Network.

1 History
2 Format
3 DVD releases
4 List of Supernanny episodes (United Kingdom)
- 4.1 Series overview
5 International versions
- 5.1 Other countries
6 In other media
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

History [link]

Supernanny starring Jo Frost was originally broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 on 7 July 2004, following the success of Channel 4's Cutting Edge programme "Bad Behaviour". Supernanny is one of Channel 4's most popular shows, reaching nearly 5 million viewers in the first series, with consistently high ratings throughout the series. Supernanny USA is also shown on Channel 4 (and its sister channel E4) with respectable viewing figures. The premiere episode for the third series attracted 3.1 million viewers with a 14% audience share. These values are half of those from the previous two series.^[1] Series 2 (UK) episodes 4 to 12 and Supernanny USA etc. is narrated by Nick Frost (no relation to Jo Frost). The theme song is "Be Good Johnny" by Men at Work (though the show's version is Colin Hay's version that appears on the album Man @ Work, and beginning with US Season 6, the song was discontinued. The fourth series of Supernanny began on 29 August 2007 at 8pm with "Beyond The Naughty Step" following straight afterwards on E4. The fifth run, broadcast over a year later on Channel 4, began on 24 September 2008. The sixth, seventh and eighth run and so on of Supernanny in the UK begins from 2010 onwards starting from 9 February 2010 as Jo Frost: Extreme Parental Guidance. Supernanny UK Series 6 onwards is now narrated by Bob Marsden.

Season 6 was supposed to be the last season of the USA version, as stated in the May 2010 newsletter on jofrost.com; but ABC brought it back for a seventh season. Jo Frost later confirmed that will be the last season.^[2] The final episode aired on March 18, 2011.

Lifetime developed new American version of the series, licensing the concept from program producer Shed Media. Titled America's Supernanny, the series will be "the first true U.S. version of the hit global format that will feature an American homegrown nanny."^[3]

Format [link]

The USA shows begin with a short introductory clip of highlights from the episode; after the title segment, Frost is featured riding in a London TXII with the vanity plate "SPRNANNY", where she shows a DVD player with the family's submission video. The submission video introduces the parent(s), children, with their ages, and in some cases other important family members, as well as the parents' occupations (including if one parent stays at home with the children) and the specific issues the family is facing, concluded by a final call for help.

Frost spends the first day in observation mode, taking mental notes to assess the situation and to devise a plan of action. If a situation is especially serious, she will point out the matter for immediate action. After the first day she holds the parents meeting (with clips showing the parents initial reaction), where she praises the family for their beautiful children and then mentions the problems noted. (Earlier episodes had the meeting at the end of the first day; later episodes have it the following day.)

Frost then returns with tools designed to assist the parents in child-rearing. For example, if she determines that the children are misbehaving due to a lack of scheduled activity time with the parents, she will bring in a set schedule (customized for the family's needs). She also will frequently devise "house rules" for the family (sometimes the rules are predetermined by Frost, other times she provides a blank paper and has the family devise them). Frequent issues on the show involve discipline (as Frost does not endorse spanking as a means, she introduces the family to the "naughty chair/step" timeout) and sleep separation.

After a time, Frost will leave the house to allow the family to implement her actions on their own. The parents' actions are still being filmed, and upon her return Frost will call another parents meeting to praise them for doing well and/or show them where they went wrong. She will then provide reinforcement as needed.

The ending shows the family saying goodbye to Frost; later episodes feature the family at a later time showing how well her techniques have worked, along with (after the credits, often featuring a blooper segment) a teaser segment for the next week's episode.

Frost has called in outside assistance on more than one occasion:

One family was dealing with an autistic son; Frost called in a clinical professor with expertise in autism to assist the family in communicating with their son.
Another family (from the Chicago area) had a son showing signs of disrespect and future juvenile delinquency; Frost called in Chicago native and NBA superstar Dwyane Wade to speak with him.
A third family had the father exhibiting classic signs of abuse (especially toward the female members of the family); Frost called in a social worker with expertise in abusive behaviour, as well as a woman who was abused by her father and, as a result, made poor decisions in relationships.
In another case, the father was an alcoholic, Frost located a nearby Alcoholics Anonymous support group for him to attend.
One family had deaf parents; Frost called in an interpreter to help with communication.
One family was dealing with a son who has type 1 diabetes, so Frost compiled a chart of celebrities living with diabetes and called upon a professional snowboarder who was a diabetic as mentioned on the video and runs snowboard camps for children who are diabetic.

DVD releases [link]

A DVD Release of Supernanny entitled When Little Kids Cause Big Headaches was released in the UK on 12 April 2010.^[4]

A DVD Release Of Supernanny USA was Released On Region 1 in The US on 16 May 2006.^[5]

List of Supernanny episodes (United Kingdom)[link]

See also: List of Supernanny episodes (United States)

Series overview [link]

Series		Episodes	Originally aired
Series		Episodes	Series debut	Series swansong
	1	3	7 July 2004	21 July 2004
	2	12	5 April 2005	5 October 2005
	3	6	29 August 2006	3 October 2006
	4	5	29 August 2007	26 September 2007
	5	3	24 September 2008	8 October 2008
	6	6	9 February 2010	16 March 2010
	7	7	6 July 2011	24 August 2011

Season 1: 2004

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name	Location
1	7 July 2004	The Woods Family (Steve (42), Lucy (32), Caitlin (12), Billy (10), and Charlie (2).)	Grantham
2	14 July 2004	The Steer Family (Kelly (25), Sophie (5), and Callum (4).)	Crawley
3	21 July 2004	The Charles Family (Kevin (35), Amanda (34), Jacob (4) and fraternal twins Isabelle and Max (1).)	Unknown

Season 2: 2005

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name	Location
1	5 April 2005	The Collins Family (Jason (31), Karen (37), Ben (10), Lauren (9), Joshua (6), and Joseph (4).)	Northampton
2	12 April 2005	The Hemingway-Clegg Family (Bruce (27), Claire (28), Nathaniel (5), Craig (2), and Michael (6 months). (Nathaniel was born with Diabetes mellitus.))	Yorkshire
3	19 April 2005	The Pandit Family (Suni (32), Caroline (32), Jamie (7), Jasmine (6), Jenna (4), and Tiny (3).)	Stevenage
4	10 August 2005	The Douglas Family (Doug (38), Sandra (40), and fratenal twins George and Nicole (4).)	Staines
5	17 August 2005	The Cooke Family (Paul (31), Denise (35), Meghann (9), Gabriella (6), and Erin (4).)	Bishop's Stortford
6	24 August 2005	The Seniors Family (Debbie (34), Bethany (5), Ruth (3), and Hannah (2).)	Coventry
7	31 August 2005	The Bradbury-Lambert Family (Stuart (29), Laura (30), Matthew (5), Tegan-Olivia (2), and Diesel (5 months).)	Swindon
8	7 September 2005	The Agate Family (Wendy (36), Marie (10), Amie (9), and Mary-Anne (7).)	Littlehampton
9	14 September 2005	The Young Family (Paul (29), Sue (30), Nathaniel (8), Caleb (7), Benjamin (6), Jacob (3), and Joel (8 months).)	Essex
10	21 September 2005	The Ball Family (Michelle (28), Ryan (3), and Kyle (1).)	South London
11	28 September 2005	The Bixley Family (Alex (32), Heather (34), Brandon (7) and Zak (4).)	Peterborough
12	5 October 2005	The Woods Family revisited (Steve (43), Lucy (34), Caitlin (13), Billy (11) and Charlie (3).)	Grantham

Season 3: 2006

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name	Location
1	29 August 2006	The Hillhouse-Docherty Family (Steven (38), Kerry (29), Ryan (9) and identical twins David and Declan (3).)	Ayr (Scotland)
2	5 September 2006	The Howat Family (Tara (30), Casey (8), Shannon (7) and Rhys (4).)	Shenley
3	12 September 2006	The Brown-Smith Family (Simon (39), Stephanie (36), Louis (7), Rhys (5) and Lucie (9 months).)	Warrington
4	19 September 2006	The Bates Family (Stuart (31), Sarah (29), Haydn (7), Callum (5) and identical twins Erin and Orla (3).)	Evesham
5	26 September 2006	The Williams Family (Martin (27), Natalie (27), Bethany (7), Tyler (5), Lori (5) and Tia (4).)	Birmingham
6	3 October 2006	The Pollard-Morris Family (Darren (32), Patricia (34), Luke (12), James (8), Matthew (3) and Francesca (1).)	Tadworth

Season 4: 2007

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name	Location
1	29 August 2007	The Smith-Clarke Family (Chris (31), Nikki (24), Cameron (4) and Mackenzie (1).)	Northampton
2	5 September 2007	The Gormley-Brickley Family (Steve (40), Ann (42), fraternal twins Aiden and Ella (5) and identical twins Ciaron and Louis (3).)	West London
3	12 September 2007	The Wynne-Jones Family (Ronny (44), Linda (38), Simone (13), Andrew (10), Ben (4) and Georgia (2).)	Llandudno (Wales)
4	19 September 2007	The Cooke Family revisited (Paul (33), Denise (37), Meghann (11), Gabriella (8) and Erin (6).)	Bishop's Stortford
5	26 September 2007	The Douglas Family revisited (Doug (40), Sandra (42), and fraternal twins George and Nicole (6).)	Staines

Season 5: 2008

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name	Location
1	24 September 2008	The Hancox-Smith Family (Simon (35), Jenny (33), Cameron (8), Flynn (5) and Madison (3).)	Liverpool
2	1 October 2008	The Porter Family (Merrill (34), Hayley (41), Maddison (9) and Harry (7).)	Somerset
3	8 October 2008	The Tomlin Family (Paul (35), Claire (26), Amelia (3) and identical twins Freddie and George (2).)	Portishead

Season 6 ExPG1: 2010

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name(s)	Location(s)
1	9 February 2010	The Husain Family and The Philip Family (Abid (30), Sophia (30), Kiran (4) and Kaki (1). Adrian (37), Emma (40), Bronwyn (12) and Elois (1).)	Leeds & Dorset
2	16 February 2010	The Ward Family and The Wren Family (Louise (35), Bailey (10) and identical twins Madison and Harleigh (5). Duncan (35), Moya (32), Leah (15) and Madison (9).)	Blackpool & Glasgow
3	23 February 2010	The Coughlan Family part and The Dumbleton Family (Cliff (39), Babar (38), Jordon (9) and Regan (7). (Regan was born with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.) Joanne and Josh (10).)	West London & Manchester
4	2 March 2010	The McCloud Family and The Griffin Family (Roger (40), Amanda (35), Saffron (9), Rio (6) and Sienna (4). Robert (35), Annette (34), Callum (9) and Katie-Ann (3).)	Nottingham & Birmingham
5	9 March 2010	The Simmons Family (Joanne (27), Paige (6) and Poppy (4).)	North London
6	16 March 2010	The Singh Family (Surinder (37), Letchme (31), Michael (4) and Manisha (7 months).)	Birmingham

Season 7 ExPG2: 2011

Episode number	Transmission date	Family name(s)	Location(s)
1	6 July 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family (Nikkie (29), Jack (6) and Phoebe (4). Simon (35), Kelly (31), George (5) and Maddie (3). (Maddie was born with Rett syndrome.))	North London & High Wycombe
2	13 July 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family (Jo (31), John (12) Max (9) and Willow (5). Sheryl (30), Trenyce (7) and Tristane (3).)	Hull & East London^{[disambiguation needed ]}
3	20 July 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family (Jason (43), Sharon (39), Jordan (11) and Madison (6). Peter (32), Asli (30), Layla (5), Melissa (2) and Aiden (6 months).)	Reading & Ilford
4	27 July 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family ( Ramesh (35), Sejal (36) Tashan (6) and Diaan (4) Neil (39) Sue (36), Ella (7), Amy (5) and Grace (3).)	Surrey & South London
5	3 August 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family (Scott (41), Maria (32), Jack (11), Chloe (6) and Demi (4). Alex (43), Emma (38), Anya (6), Corey (5) and Alanis (1).)	Cardiff & West London
6	10 August 2011	The ? Family and The ? Family (Buster (41), Tracy (36), Josh (11), Neve (6) and Cameron (4). Chris (32), Corinne (37), Oliver (5), Thomas (3) and Jodie (1).)	Portsmouth & Ipswich
7	24 August 2011	The Simmons Family, The Ward Family and The Wren Family revisited (Joanne (29), Paige (8) and Poppy (6). Louise (37), Bailey (12) and identical twins Madison and Harleigh (7). Duncan (37), Moya (34), Leah (17) and Madison (11).)	North London, Blackpool & Glasgow

International versions [link]

Supernanny has been broadcast or slightly adapted in other countries.

Other countries [link]

The UK Version of Supernanny is shown on Channel 4 (and its sister channel E4) and in Ireland on RTÉ One.

The USA Version of Supernanny is also shown in the UK on Channel 4 (and its sister channel E4).

Reruns of the USA version of Supernanny is shown on the Style Network.

The USA version is shown in Canada on W Network and Twist TV.

Katharina Saalfrank was the Supernanny in the German version, aired on RTL in a docufiction format, known to depict unreasonable family violence.

Cris Poli (born in Argentina) is the Supernanny in the Brazilian version, broadcast by SBT.

Dorota Zawadzka is the Supernanny in the Polish version, aired on TVN, and a co-host of the talk-show I Ty możesz mieć superdziecko (You too can have a superchild), in which Supernanny analyses episodes from her series, talks to celebrity parents and gives her advice. It is broadcast by TVN Style.

Rocio Ramos in the Spanish series

Cathy Kalthoum Sarrai was the Supernanny in the French version, aired by M6, until her death on January 19, 2010.^[6]

Rocio Ramos is the Supernanny in the Spanish version, broadcast on Cuatro. Another version with teenagers called S.O.S. Adolescentes is also aired on Cuatro. In the Spanish regions of Catalonia and Basque Country, the original version is broadcast by TV3 with Catalan dubbing and by ETB 1 with Basque dubbing respectively.

The Dutch version is called Eerste Hulp Bij Opvoeden. The name is a play on Eerste Hulp Bij Ongevallen, the Dutch term for first aid.

The Italian version is called S.O.S. Tata. Aired on La7.

The Singaporean version network on MediaCorp TV12 okto.

The Malaysian version network on Ntv7.

The Indonesian version network on MetroTV.

The first Romanian nanny was Irina Petrea. The second was Raluca Iuga. The show aired on Prima TV.

The Israeli Supernanny is Michal Daliot. Aired on Channel 2, the show is also called Supernanny.

The Chinese version of Supernanny features supernanny Wo Yao Yige, and is soon to be broadcast on CCTV.

Wendy Bosmans is the Supernanny in the Belgian version aired on vtm.

In other media [link]

The US animated series Drawn Together spoofed the show in a 2005 episode. In the parody, Supernanny tries to use her powers of discipline to take over the world. She first takes care of Captain Hero (the superhero) by sending him to the Naughty Stool so he will not intervene, and then uses an army of mind-controlled children to invade the White House until Captain Hero re-appears. He stops her by stomping on her foot, which makes her curse out loud. For using profanity, he sends her to the Naughty Stool, at which moment the mind-controlled children break free and tear Supernanny to shreds.^[7]

The US animated series South Park spoofed the show in a 2006 episode "Tsst", though unlike the Drawn Together episode, the Supernanny parody was not the focus of the show. In the episode, which also features parodies of Nanny 911 and The Dog Whisperer, Supernanny is one of the nannies called upon to discipline Eric Cartman but his behaviour ends up driving her to a mental institution and eating her own excrement yelling "From hell, it's from hell!".

The movie Iron Man 2 also mentions the show. When Tony Stark is expected to remain in his residence under threat of violence, he is told by his keeper, Agent Coulson, that if he tries to escape: "I will taze you and watch Supernanny whilst you drool into the carpet."

References [link]

^ Deans, Jason (30 August 2006). "'Mrs O' sees off Richard and Judy". The Guardian (London). http://media.guardian.co.uk/overnights/story/0,,1861129,00.html. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
^ "Supernanny: Jo Frost Calling It Quits After Seven Seasons". tvseriesfinale.com. November 7, 2010. http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/supernanny-jo-frost-18844. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
^ Andreeva, N. "Lifetime Orders New U.S. Version Of 'Supernanny'." Deadline.com (August 11, 2011)
^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B00375MVWK
^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B000EXZFQM
^ "Super Nanny est décédée" (in French). January 20, 2010. http://www.20min.ch/ro/entertainment/people/story/Super-Nanny-est-decedee-cette-nuit-13272105.
^ Drawn Together: Super Nanny Recap - TV.com

External links [link]

Television portal

Official website (United States)
Official website (United Kingdom)
Supernanny Wiki
Website of Nanny Stella
Supernanny Fanon Wiki
Supernanny at the Internet Movie Database
http://www.channel4.com/programmes/supernanny/4od

http://wn.com/Supernanny

http://fr.wn.com/Supernanny

http://nl.wn.com/Supernanny

http://pt.wn.com/Supernanny

http://de.wn.com/Die Super Nanny

http://pl.wn.com/Superniania

http://es.wn.com/Supernanny

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernanny

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Joanne Frost

Born	Joanne A. Frost (1971-06-27) 27 June 1971 (age 40) London, England, UK
Nationality	British
Other names	Supernanny
Occupation	Nanny, television personality
Years active	1989–present (nanny) 2004–present (TV personality)
Known for	Supernanny
Website
Official website

Joanne "Jo" Frost (born 27 June 1971) is a British nanny and television personality. She was the central figure of the reality television program Supernanny. She has written three books on childcare and began her work experience in 1989.

1 Biography
- 1.1 Programmes
2 References
3 External links

Biography [link]

Frost was born in London, England, in 1971^[1]^[2] to an English father and a Gibraltarian mother.

While she has no children of her own, Frost has 21 years' experience in the field of childcare,^[3] working as a nanny in Britain and the United States, including work with families on the television series Supernanny, which is shown in 49 countries. Frost's books are Supernanny: How to Get the Best from Your Children,^[2] Ask Supernanny: What Every Parent Wants to Know, and Jo Frost's Confident Baby Care. Her childcare approach focuses on maintaining consistent adult authority, while creating a safe and peaceful environment. She introduced parents to "the naughty step",^[3] a variation on the "time-out" method. She suggests solutions for behavioural issues such as adherence to bed time, meal time conduct, behaviour in public, sibling rivalry, and anger management.

In 2010, Frost presented a new show titled Jo Frost Extreme Parental Guidance on Channel 4. The British international format rights are distributed by DRG.

On 5 March 2010 Frost appeared on Alan Carr: Chatty Man, talking about her personal life. In November 2010, after almost 9 years of helping other families, Shed Media announced the end of Supernanny, saying that Frost hoped to marry and start a family of her own. In November 2011 Frost denied that this was the reason she left the hit show, claiming she left over a financial disagreement with Shed Media.^[4]

In an interview from her home in Los Angeles, Jo said: ‘I don’t really want to get into a public slanging match. Let’s just say that my leaving Supernanny was not exactly the Disneyfication of the story that it was made out to be.' ‘I decided to leave after season seven, earlier this year. But then they (Shed Media) made up this story that I was running off to get married and have children. I am not at all happy. I feel like I worked really hard to get where I am. I am Supernanny. That’s me. I only know that Deborah Tillman is an accountant and a businesswoman. She has never been a nanny.' Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2066685/Supernanny-Jo-Frost-quits-row-money-replaced-Michelle-Obama-lookalike.html#ixzz1ewqUDuGv

In 2011 she worked on a second series of Jo Frost: Extreme Parental Guidance for Channel 4 in the UK. The first episode of the second series was aired on Channel 4 at 8 pm on 6 July 2011.^[5]

Programmes [link]

Supernanny (UK)(US) (2004–11)
Jo Frost: Extreme Parental Guidance (2010–)

References [link]

^ The Independent, Jo Frost: Nanny state 8 September 2007. Accessed 23 May 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Allmovie biography". Rovi Corporation. http://www.allrovi.com/name/jo-frost-p431253. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
^ ^a ^b Aitkenhead, Decca (2006-07-22). "'You've been very, very naughty'". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2006/jul/22/childrensservices.familyandrelationships. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
^ Churcher, Sharon; Graham, Caroline (26 November 2011). "Why Supernanny wants to put TV bosses on the naughty step: Jo Frost quits show and is replaced by Michelle Obama lookalike who trained as an accountant". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2066685/Supernanny-Jo-Frost-quits-row-money-replaced-Michelle-Obama-lookalike.html.
^ Raeside, Julia; Robinson, John; O'Neill, Phelim; Hodgkinson, Will (2011-07-05). "The Guardian's TV Highlights — Jul 6th". London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2011/jul/05/the-perfect-suit-tv-highlights. Retrieved 2011-08-20.

Persondata
Name	Frost, Jo
Alternative names	Frost, Joanne
Short description	British nanny and television personality
Date of birth	27 June 1971
Place of birth	London, England, UK
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Frost

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Supernanny

She's Saving The World One Family At A Time

Cast

Supernanny

Cast

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Make changes yourself !

Contents

History [link]

Format [link]

DVD releases [link]

List of Supernanny episodes (United Kingdom)[link]

Series overview [link]

International versions [link]

Other countries [link]

In other media [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Supernanny

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Supernanny

http://nl.wn.com/Supernanny

http://pt.wn.com/Supernanny

http://de.wn.com/Die Super Nanny

http://pl.wn.com/Superniania

http://es.wn.com/Supernanny

Contents

Biography [link]

Programmes [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Jo_Frost

Related pages:

http://cs.wn.com/Jo Frost

http://nl.wn.com/Jo Frost

http://id.wn.com/Jo Frost