Wang Yangming
Family name: (姓)	Wang (王) (Pinyin: Wáng)
Given name: (名)	Shouren (守仁) (Pinyin: Shǒurén)
Courtesy name: (字)	Bo'an (伯安) (Pinyin: Bo'an)
Hào 號: (號)	Yangming (陽明) (Pinyin: Yángmíng)
Posthumous name: (謚)	Wencheng
	(Ch: 王文成公 ; Py: Wang Wenchenggong)
Title: (封號)	Earl of Xinjian (新建伯) (Pinyin: Xinjianbo)
Styled:	Master Yangming
	(Ch: 陽明子, or 陽明先生;
	Py: Yángmíngzǐ, or fr. Yángmíng Xiānshēng;
Romanised as "Wang Yangming".

Wang Yangming (王陽明, 1472–1529) was a Ming Chinese idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general. After Zhu Xi, he is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, with interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi. Wang was known as "Yangming Xiansheng" and/or "Yangming Zi" in literary circles: both mean "Brilliant Master Yangming".

In China, Japan, and Western countries, he is known by his honorific name rather than his private name.^[1]

Life and times[link]

Born Wang Shouren (王 守仁) in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, his courtesy name was Bo'an (伯安). His father was an earl and a minister responsible for supervising civil personnel. Wang earned the "recommended person" degree in 1492 and the "presented scholar" degree in 1499. He served as an executive assistant in various government departments until being banished for offending a eunuch in 1506.^[2] However, his professional career was later ensured when he became the Governor of Jiangxi.^[3]

Wang became a successful general and was known for the strict discipline he imposed on his troops, repressing several rebellions. In 1519 AD, while he was governor of Jiangxi province, he repressed the uprising of Prince Zhu Chen-hao, and made one of the earliest references in using the fo-lang-ji in battle, a breech loading culverin cannon imported from the newly-arrived Portuguese venturers to China.^[3] As governor of Jiangxi he also built schools, rehabilitated the rebels, and reconstructed what was lost by the enemy during the revolt. Though he was made an earl, he was ostracized for opposing Zhu Xi.^[2]

Thirty-eight years after his death, he was given the titles Marquis and Completion of Culture. In 1584 he was offered sacrifice in the Confucian Temple, the highest honour for a scholar.^[2]

Philosophy[link]

Wang was the leading figure in the Neo-Confucian School of Mind, founded by Lu Jiuyuan of Southern Song. This school championed an interpretation of Mencius (a Classical Confucian who became the focus of later interpretation) that unified knowledge and action. Their rival school, the School of Principle (Li) treated gaining knowledge as a kind of preparation or cultivation that, when completed, could guide action.

Innate knowing[link]

Out of Cheng-Zhu's Neo-Confucianism that was mainstream at the time, Wang Yangming developed the idea of innate knowing, arguing that every person knows from birth the difference between good and evil. Such knowledge is intuitive and not rational. These revolutionizing ideas of Wang Yangming would later inspire prominent Japanese thinkers like Motoori Norinaga, who argued that because of the Shinto deities, Japanese people alone had the intuitive ability to distinguish good and evil without complex rationalization. His school of thought (Ōyōmei-gaku in Japanese, Ō stands for the surname "Wang", yōmei stands for "Yangming", gaku means "school of learning") also greatly influenced the Japanese samurai ethic.

Knowledge as action[link]

Wang's rejection of the investigation of knowledge comes from the fact that at the time the traditional view of Chinese thought was that once one gained knowledge, one had a duty to put that knowledge into action. This presupposed two possibilities:

• That one can have knowledge without/prior to corresponding action.
• That one can know what is the proper action, but still fail to act.

Wang rejected both of these which allowed him to develop his philosophy of action. Wang believed that only through simultaneous action could one gain knowledge and denied all other ways of gaining it. To him, there was no way to use knowledge after gaining it because he believed that knowledge and action were unified as one. Any knowledge that had been gained then put into action was considered delusion or false.

Mind and the world[link]

He held that objects do not exist entirely apart from the mind because the mind shapes them. He believed that it is not the world that shapes the mind, but the mind that gives reason to the world. Therefore, the mind alone is the source of all reason. He understood this to be an inner light, an innate moral goodness and understanding of what is good. This is similar to the thinking of the Greek philosopher Socrates, who argued that knowledge is virtue.

In order to eliminate selfish desires that cloud the mind’s understanding of goodness, one can practice his type of meditation often called "tranquil repose" or "sitting still" (jingzuo 靜坐). This is similar to the practice of Chan (Zen) meditation in Buddhism.

Influence[link]

• Wang Yangming is regarded one of the four greatest masters of Confucianism in history along with Confucius, Mencius and Zhu Xi (孔孟朱王).

• Wang Yangming founded "Yaojiang School" (Chinese 姚江學派) or "Yangming School of Mind" (Chinese" 陽明心學), which became one of the dominant Confucian schools in the mid-late Ming period and Qing period China. The typical figures came from this school after Wang were Wang Ji (王龍溪), Qian Dehong (錢德洪), Wang Gen (王艮), Huang Zongxi (黃宗羲), Li Zhuowu (李卓吾) and Liu Zongzhou (劉宗周). Wang Gen formed Taizhou School (泰州學派), which went left of Wang Yangming's thought. During the late Ming period, Wang Yangming's thought became notably popular and influential in China.

• The Japanese Admiral of the Russo-Japanese War, Tōgō Heihachirō, was influenced by Wang, and made a stamp which read, "One's whole life followed the example of Yangming" (一生低首拜陽明). In Japan, many scholars and politicians (this group of people is named in Japanese as: 陽明学者) came from Wang Yangming's school (Ōyōmei-gaku) in history, including Kumazawa Banzan (熊沢蕃山), Saigō Takamori (西郷隆盛), Takasugi Shinsaku (高杉晋作) and Nakae Tōju (中江藤樹). Toju Nakae is regarded as the founder of Japanese Ōyōmei-gaku.

• Chiang Kai-shek named a national attraction in Taiwan, Yangmingshan, after Wang. And a road in Nanchang is also named Yangming Road after Wang by Chiang-influenced local officials.

• The teachings of Wang Yangming were credited with inspiring many Japanese reformers and revolutionaries during the nineteenth century. This led to a great increase in interest in his thought in Japan at the end of the Meiji period, when many Chinese activists such as Liang Qichao and Chiang Kai-Shek were staying in Japan. Some Chinese and Korean thinkers believed that Wang Yangming's teachings strongly influenced the development of modern bushido (the "way of the warrior") in Japan, and promoted both ethics in their countries to strengthen the spirit of their respective peoples.^[4]

• Wang's interpretation of Confucianism has been influential in China into modern times. The twentieth-century Chinese warlord Yan Xishan attempted to revive Confucianism in Shanxi largely on the model of Wang's philosophy.^[5]

Notes[link]

See also[link]

	China portal
	Biography portal
	Philosophy portal

• Confucianism
• Neo-Confucianism
• Lu Jiuyuan or (Lu Xiangshan)
• Zhu Xi
• Tu Wei-Ming
• Huo Long Jing

References[link]

• Antonio S. Cua (1982). The Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study in Wang Yang-ming's Moral Psychology. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-0786-3. 
• Chan, Wing-tsit (translated and compiled). A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
• Gillin, Donald G. Warlord: Yen Hsi-shan in Shansi Province 1911-1949. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1967. ISBN: 66-14308
• Кобзев А.И. Учение Ван Янмина и классическая китайская философия. М., 1983.
• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd
• Oleg Benesch. "Wang Yangming and Bushidō: Japanese Nativization and its Influences in Modern China." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 36 (3):439-454.[1]
• Wing-tsit Chan (translated, with notes). Instructions For Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-Ming. Columbia University Press, 1963.
• Wang Yang Ming in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

External links[link]

• Works by Wang Yangming at Project Gutenberg

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Ariel Lin
Ariel Lin in 2010
Chinese name	林依晨
Pinyin	Lín Yī Chén (Mandarin)
Origin	Republic of China (Taiwan)
Born	(1982-10-29) 29 October 1982 (age 29) Taipei, Taiwan
Other name(s)	Lin I Chen
Occupation	Actress, Singer
Genre(s)	Mandopop
Label(s)	Avex Taiwan (2009–present)
Years active	2002–present
Official Website	Ariel Lin's official website
Awards Golden Bell Awards 43rd Best Leading Actress in a Television Series 2008 They Kiss Again

Ariel Lin (Chinese: 林依晨; pinyin: Lín Yī Chén; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm I-sîn, Hakka: Lim Yi Sen) was born 29 October 1982. She is a Taiwanese actress and singer, who won Best Leading Actress in a Television Series at the 43rd Golden Bell Awards. She majored in Korean and Literature at National Chengchi University, Taiwan.^[1]

Career[link]

Acting[link]

Lin was first discovered in a Taiwanese variety show Guess Guess Guess and was the champion of the pretty subway girl contest in the show. She was paired with Mike He in the television drama series Love Contract. After starring in several television roles in Taiwanese dramas and two films during the early 2000s, she rose to fame in 2005 for her role as Yuan Xiangqin in It Started With a Kiss. Lin was also praised for her work in Tokyo Juliet (2004) as Lin Laisui with Wu Chun and Simon Yam. Her performances in The Little Fairy (2005) as The Seventh Fairy Maiden and The Legend of the Condor Heroes (2008) as Huang Rong brought her increased popularity in Mainland China. In October 2008, Lin won Best Leading Actress in a Television Series for They Kiss Again at the 43rd Golden Bell Awards.^[2] In 2008, she reunited with Joe Cheng, her co-star for It Started With a Kiss and They Kiss Again, in Love or Bread.

In November 2008, Lin was confirmed to play Kyōko along side Jerry Yan as Tsuruga Ren, in a live-adaption of Japanese shōjo manga Skip Beat! (スキップ・ビート!, Sukippu Bīto!^?) by Yoshiki Nakamura, titled Extravagant Challenge (Chinese: 華麗的挑戰; pinyin: Hua Li De Tiao Zhan).^[3] However the production was postponed indefinitely^[4] and subsequently re-cast.

In April 2011, Lin is scheduled to film a Gala Television (GTV) production, titled In Time with You (Chinese: 我可能不會愛你), co-starring Bolin Chen and directed by Chu Yu-ning (瞿友寧)^[5]

Music[link]

As a singer, Lin has recorded a number of songs since the mid-2000s, many of which are featured in her television series.

In May 2009, she signed a three-year, three-album contract with Avex Taiwan. Her debut album, titled Blissful Encounter, was released on 10 July 2009. The first music video of the first lead track "甜蜜花園" (Sweet Garden) was released in mid-June and music video for the second lead track "螢火蟲" (Firefly), was released in early July. It features appearances by Donghae and Siwon of Korean boy band Super Junior. Her second solo album, A Wonderful Journey was released in 2010.

Filmography[link]

Films[link]

Television[link]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Others[link]

Books[link]

• Ariel Lin's New York Bagel Diary (林依晨的紐約貝果日記 Lín Yīchén de Niǔ Yuē bèiguǒ rìjì) March 2008
• Ariel's Blog (林家女孩依晨的青春部落格 Lín jiā nǚhái Yīchén de qīngchūn bùluògé) 2005
• Ariel's A wonderful Journey" (美好的旅行) August 2010

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• (Chinese) (English) Ariel Lin's official website
• Ariel Lin at the Internet Movie Database
• (Chinese) Ariel Lin@Avex Taiwan

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Sunny Wang (simplified Chinese: 王阳明; traditional Chinese: 王陽明; pinyin: Wáng Yáng Míng is a Taiwanese actor and model. He was born on November 2, 1982 in Taipei, Taiwan but moved to the United States and pursued his university education in New York University, school of business. He is also the son of a shipping tycoon, his family owns Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation. Wang is fluent in both Mandarin Chinese and English.

Personal life[link]

Wang had loved to perform since young, but his family wanted him to complete his studies and also to work in the family business. He finally had the courage to pursue his dream to enter the entertainment scene and taken up a role in drama, "In Time with You" which marks his official debut in the showbiz.

Prior to his debut, Wang was known as the boyfriend of singer, Elva Hsiao. Wang met Elva in 2003 and Elva went against her mother's wishes in order to be with Wang. Elva had also given up the opportunity to perform in ‘Memoirs of a Geisha’ and even planned to marry him but their relationship ended in March, 2005. They got together again 8 months later but broke up again because Wang was found sleeping with Elva's good friend.^[2]

Wang is was in a love relationship together with singer and actress Rainie Yang. It was rumored that relationship started in early October 2011 and was confirmed on November 24, 2011 by Wang's best friend, Wang did not want to make the relationship public because he did not want the public to think that he is using his girlfriend's popularity to gain fame for himself. The two was also seen taking the same flight to the United States to attend their friend's wedding and also to visit Wang's parents whom was also in the United States. However, Rainie's manager denied the relationship stated that "She and him has mutual friends, please do not think too much".^[3]

Career[link]

2011 to present: In Time with You and Once Upon a Love[link]

Wang first debuted as a model and officially joined the showbiz with his debut drama In Time with You. He also rose to fame instantly in the entertainment circle within the short slightly over one year of time.^[4] Before he started his career as an actor, one of his previous notable work as a model was for a charity photo shoot known as "Important Person". In 2012, Wang starred in Once Upon a Love which also stars actress Cheryl Yang.

Filmography[link]

Television[link]

Music videos[link]

Endorsements[link]

• 2011: 7-Eleven City Cafe-電話亭躲雨篇
• 2011: Puma Social 運動玩家

References[link]

External links[link]

• (Chinese)Sunny Wang's Official WeiBo
• (Chinese)Official Facebook page

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)

Spring Outing of the Tang Court, by Zhang Xuan.

Zhang Xuan (Chinese: 張萱; pinyin: Zhāng Xuān; Wade–Giles: Chang Hsüan) (713–755) was a Chinese painter who lived during the Tang Dynasty (618–907).

Zhang Xuan painted many pieces of art, one of his best known paintings is Court Ladies Preparing Newly-Woven Silk, of which a single copy survives painted by Emperor Huizong of Song (r. 1100–1125) in the early 12th century. He also painted the Spring Outing of the Tang Court, which was later remade by Li Gonglin.

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