This is an archontological list of Serbian rulers, containing monarchs and governors of the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia.

The following titles were used officially, in chronological order:

The Vlastimirović dynasty was the first royal dynasty of Serbia. Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (r. 913–959) mentions that the Serbian throne is inherited by the son, i.e. the first-born, though in his enumeration of Serbian monarchs, in one occasion there is a triumvirate. The Serbs established several polities by the 10th century: Serbia or Zagorje (hinterlands) which consisted of Rascia (including Bosnia), and Pomorje (maritime) which consisted of Dioclea, Zachlumia, Pagania, Travunia (including Kanalitai). Serbian dynasties and their respective branches fought for the ownership of the Serbian domains.

The history of the dynasty starts with the eponymous founder Vlastimir, a son of Prosigoj. This era is marked by the Christianization of Serbs, the many internal and external wars (Bulgars, Magyars), and the power struggle between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire which Serbia was in the middle of. The history of this dynasty ends with the annexation of Rascia in 969.

Natalie Keşco (Serbian: Natalija Obrenović/Наталија Обреновић; 15 May 1859 - 8 May 1941) was Princess consort of the Principality of Serbia from 1875 to 1882 and the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Serbia from 23 March 1882 to 6 March 1889 as the wife of King Milan Obrenović IV.

She was born in 1859 in Florence as the first child of the Russian colonel Piotrj Ivanovich Keşco (born Petre Keşco, son of a Marshal of Nobility of Bessarabia) (1830-1865), and Princess Pulcheria Sturdza of Moldavia (1831-1874). During her childhood, a fortune teller predicted that some day she would wear a crown and that she would lose it - a prediction that would come true.^{[citation needed]}

She had two sisters and one brother:

She married Prince Milan Obrenović IV of Serbia on 17 October 1875 and had two sons with him, the future king Alexander, born 1876, whose godfather was Tsar Alexander II of Russia, and his younger brother Sergei (Sergije), who died just a few days after his birth in 1878.

When Prince Milan proclaimed the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882 after securing international recognition, Princess Natalie assumed the title and rank of Queen of Serbia.

Otto von Habsburg (20 November 1912 – 4 July 2011), also known by his royal name as Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1918, a realm which comprised modern-day Austria, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. He remained the Crown Prince of Hungary until also the deposition of the Habsburgs in Hungary in 1921. He subsequently became the pretender to the former thrones, Head of the Imperial House of Habsburg, and Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1922. He resigned as Sovereign of the Golden Fleece in 2000 and as head of the Imperial House in 2007.

The eldest son of Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Otto was born as third in line to the thrones, as His Imperial and Royal Highness Archduke and Prince Imperial Otto of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. With his father's accession to the thrones in 1916, he was himself likely to become the Emperor. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful Emperor-King from 1922.