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Look up Conn in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Conn is a surname and a masculine given name meaning "chief" in Irish. As a given name it is also used as a short form of Connor.^[1]

People[link]

American[link]

• Amiee Conn is an American film, stage and television actress and singer/songwriter.
• Billy Conn (1917 – 1993) was a Light-Heavyweight boxing champion famed for his fights with Joe Louis.
• Bobby Conn is a musician from Chicago, Illinois.Conn was born as Jeffrey Stafford in New York
• Charles Paul Conn is an American non-fiction author and university president.
• Charles Gerard Conn was the founder of C.G. Conn Ltd. in the 1800s.
• Charles W. Conn (1920 - 2008) was an American author and former General Overseer of the Church of God.
• Conn Findlay is a four-time Olympic medalist, one of the few to medal in two distinct sports.
• Conn Jackson is a TV host. Presently hosting the Conn Jackson Show and Cafe Central TV.
• Didi Conn is an American film, stage and television actress.
• J. Stephen Conn is a North American religious figure, published writer and entrepreneur.
• Jerome W. Conn, M.D. (1907-1994), was the endocrinologist who first described Conn's syndrome in 1955.
• Nicole Conn is a film director, producer, and screenwriter most famous for her debut feature, the lesbian love story, Claire of the Moon (1992).
• Phoebe Conn is a best-selling American author of over thirty romance novels.
• Roe Conn is an American radio talk show host on The Roe Conn Show which airs on WLS-AM 890 in Chicago, Illinois.
• Junior Conn is an educator and great humanitarian in San Francisco.

Australian[link]

• Daniel Conn is an Australian rugby league player.
• Neil Raymond Conn is a former Administrator of the Northern Territory in Australia from the 17th February 1997 to the 30th October 2000.

English[link]

• Conn Iggulden is a British writer of historical novels.
• David Conn is a sports journalist focusing on football (soccer) for The Guardian a British newspaper.
• Gideon Conn is a singer-songwriter from Manchester.
• John Conn (1764 - 1810) was a senior captain in the Royal Navy during the American Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
• Shelley Conn is an English actress of Anglo-Indian descent.
• Leslie Conn ran Doris Day's music publishing company and wrote and produced "Liza Jane", the first recording to be released as a single by David Bowie (under the name Davie Jones and the King Bees.)

Canadian[link]

• Conn Smythe (1895 – 1980), was a Canadian builder in the National Hockey League best known as the principal owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1927 to 1961 and as the builder of Maple Leaf Gardens.
• Craig Conn, is a lacrosse player for the Arizona Sting in the National Lacrosse League and the New Westminster Salmonbellies of the Western Lacrosse Association.
• Jan Conn, is a Canadian poet and mosquito genetic researcher.
• Michelle Conn, is a Canadian field hockey player.
• Ty Conn (1967 – 1999), born Tyrone Williams Conn, was a Canadian bank robber and is best known for his escape over the wall from the Kingston Penitentiary, one of Canada's most secure and notorious prisons.

Irish[link]

• Conn of the Hundred Battles, former High King of Ireland and the ancestor of the Connachta
• Conn O'Neill (1480 - 1559), was the 1st Earl of Tyrone in Ireland during the 16th century.
• Conn Ward (1890 – 1966), born Francis Constantine Ward, was an Irish Fianna Fáil party politician.
• Hugh Conn McCall (1940 - 2002), was an Irish cricketer.

Scottish[link]

• Alfie Conn, Sr., was a Scottish professional footballer (soccer), most commonly remembered as part of the Terrible Trio of the Heart of Midlothian side of the 1950s, along with Willie Bauld and Jimmy Wardhaugh.
• Alfie Conn, Jr., is a former professional footballer, who was the first post-war player to play for both Celtic and Rangers.
• Iain Conn, an executive director of the BP Group.
• Stewart Conn, is a Scottish poet and playwright.

References[link]

1. ^ MFnames.com - Origin and Meaning of Conn

This page or section lists people with the surname Conn. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

Conn Iggulden /ˈɪɡəldɛn/ (born 1971) is a British author who mainly writes historical fiction. He also co-authored The Dangerous Book for Boys.

Background[link]

Born in 1971 to an English father and Irish mother (whose grandfather was a seanchaí), he attended St Martins School in Northwood before moving on to Merchant Taylors' School. He studied English at the University of London, and went on to teach the subject for seven years, becoming head of the English department at St. Gregory’s RC High School, where one of his students was Fearne Cotton. He eventually left teaching to write his first novel, The Gates of Rome. He is married, has three children and lives in Hertfordshire, England.^[1] There is speculation that his birth name is Doug Clenning, of which Conn Iggulden is an anagram.

Career[link]

Historical fiction[link]

Iggulden's debut book was The Gates of Rome, the first in a four-part series entitled Emperor. The series is based around the life of Julius Caesar, from childhood (The Gates of Rome) to his eventual betrayal and death (The Gods of War). The film option has been sold to Spitfire Productions (an Intermedia company).

The author has indicated that in the future he will write a fifth book that deals with the events after the end of The Gods of War. He mentions it on his website 'projects'.

After completing the fourth book in the Emperor series, Iggulden began research for his next series of books, the Conqueror series, based on the life of Mongol warlords Genghis, Ogedai and Kublai Khan. His first book was available from 2007. Bones of the Hills, the third in the series, was released on 1 September 2008. In September 2010 Empire of Silver was released, which revolves around the life of Genghis Khan's son, Ogedai. Whilst Iggulden had initially confirmed on his official website that he would be writing two more books after Empire of Silver on Kublai Khan, the author's note at the end of Conqueror states that it would be the last in the series. Iggulden explains his desire to leave the character when he still had much left to accomplish, rather than tracing him through to his eventual downfall, as he did with Julius Caesar and Genghis Khan.

Iggulden has previously stated that he will write one more Emperor book, this time based on Augustus.

Children's books[link]

Iggulden co-wrote a book with his brother Hal, The Dangerous Book for Boys. It covers around eighty topics, from building a soapbox racer and tying knots, to learning about famous battles and how to make potassium aluminium sulphate crystals.^[2] It was released in the UK in June 2006, reprinted a month later and was voted British Book of the Year at the Galaxy British Book Awards.

On September 2009 he wrote a children's book Tollins: Explosive Tales for Children through HarperCollins. Iggulden has since written three stories to accompany the story of the Tollins.^[3]

Other works[link]

In March 2006, Iggulden released a novelette entitled Blackwater, part of the Quick Reads initiative of World Book Day 2006. Being a thriller, Blackwater was a change in genre for Iggulden who had mainly written historical fiction.

Bibliography[link]

[edit] Emperor series

• The Gates of Rome (2003)
• The Death of Kings (2004)
• The Field of Swords (2005)
• The Gods of War (2006)
• 1 untitled fifth book (TBA)

[edit] Conqueror series

• Wolf of the Plains (2007, ISBN 978-0-00-720175-4) (titled Genghis: Birth of an Empire in North America, 2010, ISBN 978-0-385-34421-0)
• Lords of the Bow (2008, ISBN 978-0-00-720177-8) (titled Genghis: Lords of the Bow in North America, 2010, ISBN 978-0-385-34279-7)
• Bones of the Hills (2008, ISBN 978-0-00-720179-2) (titled Genghis: Bones of the Hills in North America, 2010, ISBN 978-0-385-34280-3)
• Empire of Silver (2010, ISBN 978-0-00-728800-7) (titled Genghis: Empire of Silver in North America, 2010, ISBN 978-0-385-33954-4)
• Conqueror (2011)

[edit] Dangerous books

• The Dangerous Book for Boys (2007) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Pocket Dangerous Book for Boys: Things to Do (2007) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Dangerous Book for Boys Yearbook (2007) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Pocket Dangerous Book for Boys: Things to Know (2008) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Pocket Dangerous Book for Boys: Wonders of the World (2008) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Pocket Dangerous Book for Boys: Facts, Figures and Fun (2008) (with Hal Iggulden)
• The Dangerous Book of Heroes (2009) (with David Iggulden)

Other[link]

• Blackwater (2006)
• Tollins: Explosive Tales for Children (September 2009)
• How to Blow Up Tollins (with Lizzy Duncan) (October 2010)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Conn Iggulden page on publisher HarperCollins' website
• Conn Iggulden page on the website of Agent A.M. Heath & Company
• Information about the 'Quick Reads' initiative on World Book Day 2006
• Conn Iggulden on Fantastic Fiction
• Conn Iggulden at the Internet Book List

Constantine Falkland Cary Smythe MC (February 1, 1895 – November 18, 1980) was a Canadian businessman, soldier and sportsman in ice hockey and horse racing. He is best known as the principal owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1927 to 1961 and as the builder of Maple Leaf Gardens. As owner of the Leafs during numerous championship years, his name appears on the Stanley Cup eight times: 1932, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1962.

Smythe is also known for having served in both World Wars, organizing his own artillery battery in the Second World War. The horses of Smythe's racing stable won the Queen's Plate twice among 145 stakes races wins during his lifetime. Smythe started and ran a successful sand and gravel business. He was a big supporter of the Ontario Society for Crippled Children and the Variety Club and founded the Conn Smythe Foundation philanthropic organization.

Early years[link]

Conn Smythe was born on February 1, 1895, in Toronto to Albert Smythe, an Irish Protestant from County Antrim who immigrated to Canada in 1889, and Mary Adelaide Constantine, an English woman. Mary and Albert were married in the 1880s while immigrating to Canada. Albert and Mary had a rocky marriage and did not live together for more than a few months at a time.^[1] Mary, who was known as Polly, was remembered by Conn as pretty, a drinker and troublemaker, while Albert was quiet, a vegetarian and a devoted member of Madame Blavatsky's Theosophical movement.^[2] Albert Smythe was a charter member of the Theosophical Society of Canada in 1891, and edited its newsletter until the final years of his life.

Smythe's first home was 51 McMillan Street, now known as Mutual Street, not far from the future site of Maple Leaf Gardens.^[3] He was the second of two children born to Mary and Albert. Conn had a sister, Mary, five years older, who died due to illness in 1903. The family was poor and moved several times during Smythe's youth, the size of lodgings depending on Albert Smythe's wages at the time. At one point, Albert and Conn moved to a house in Scarborough while Mary and Polly stayed on North Street. Conn's mother Mary died in 1906, and Smythe attributes his mother's drinking with making him a life-long abstainer of alcohol.^[4] At age eleven Conn was christened and that was the first time that he insisted on Conn instead of his given name of Constantine.^[4] Albert and Conn became estranged after Albert began a new relationship with Jane Henderson. The two married in 1913 and had a daughter Moira.^[5]

Smythe first went to high school at Upper Canada College. He hated it, and after a year and a half he transferred to Jarvis Collegiate Institute.^[6] Smythe developed his athleticism there, playing on hockey, rugby football and basketball teams, playing on city championship teams in basketball and hockey in 1912.^[7] At the age of 16, Conn Smythe met Irene Sands, his future wife, after a football game against Parkdale Collegiate Institute, which she attended.^[8] Albert Smythe wanted his son to attend university after grade 12 but Smythe defied his father, bolting at age 17 to become a homesteader on 150 acres (0.61 km²) in Clute Township, near Cochrane, Ontario.^[9] After one summer building a home on the property only to have it destroyed by a devastating fire, Smythe changed his mind about living in the bush and he enrolled in engineering studies at the University of Toronto in the fall of 1912.^[9] There he played hockey as a centre, captaining the Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team to the finals of the 1914 Ontario Hockey Association junior championships and to the OHA junior championship the following year.^[10] The coach of the losing team in 1915 was Frank J. Selke,^[11] who years later would work for Smythe at Maple Leaf Gardens. Smythe also played on the University of Toronto football team, although not as a starter.

First World War[link]

The First World War interrupted his studies. A week after winning the OHA championship in March 1915, Smythe and his eight teammates enlisted. Smythe recalled in his memoirs that he and several classmates tried to enlist at the beginning of the 1914–15 season, but were told to come back when they had beards.^[12] After securing a provisional rank of lieutenant with the 2nd (Ottawa) Battery, 8th Brigade, on July 17, he headed to the Royal School of Artillery in Kingston, Ontario, in August for five weeks of training. He made full lieutenant on September 11, and was able to get himself transferred to the 40th (Sportsmen's) Battery of Hamilton, organized by publishing figure Gordon Southam, son of William Southam.^[13] The unit, with Smythe as team manager, organized a team to compete in the Ontario Hockey Association's senior league; they were one of four Toronto-based teams in the league in 1916. He played one game at centre, and then decided to replace himself with a better player.^[14] The team did not complete the season, as the 40th Battery went overseas in February 1916.^[15]

The Battery was ordered into the Ypres salient. On October 12, shelling found their position killing Major Southam and Sergeant-Major Norm Harvie, making Smythe temporarily commander of the Battery. The Battery fought for nearly two months in the trenches near the Somme before being relieved. In February 1917, Smythe earned a Military Cross, when during an attack the Germans counter-attacked with grenades. Smythe ran into the fight and killed three Germans and helped several wounded Canadian soldiers back to safety.^[16] On March 5, 1917, Smythe was awarded the Military Cross for "dispersing an enemy party at a critical time. Himself accounted for three of the enemy with his revolver."^[17] After an attack where several Canadians were killed because of what Smythe thought was poor planning by the Battery's Major, Smythe wanted out.^[18] Smythe transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in July 1917. One of his instructors was Billy Barker, who would later become the first president of the Toronto Maple Leafs.^[19] Smythe served as an airborne observer, directing artillery fire. Smythe was shot down by the Germans and captured on October 14, 1917. He was imprisoned by the Germans at Schweidnitz (Swidnica) in Upper Silesia. He made two failed escape attempts and ended up in solitary confinement as a result. He was a POW until the end of the war.^[20] Smythe would later make light of his fourteen months in captivity "We played so damned much bridge that I never played the game again."^[21]

Return to Toronto[link]

Following the war, Smythe returned to Toronto. With his accrued Army salary and the proceeds from the sale of his homestead plot, he started a sand and gravel business. For a while, the business became a partnership with Frank Angotti, who owned a paving business. To support the need for sand and gravel, Smythe bought land northwest of Toronto for a sand pit. He returned to the University of Toronto and finished his civil engineering degree in 1920. Irene and Conn were married during the school year. Smythe and his paving business partner split, and Smythe retained the sand and gravel business. The company was named C. Smythe Limited and the company slogan was "C. Smythe for sand", which he had painted on his trucks, the lettering in white on the blue of the trucks. Frank Selke, who had moved to Toronto, was one of Smythe's first employees in the business. Irene took sand and gravel orders over the phone as well as taking care of newborn son Stafford.^[22] Smythe would own the business until 1961.^[23]

In the evenings, he coached the University of Toronto varsity team. It was through his coaching of this team that he became involved in the NHL. The team traveled regularly to the Boston area for games against colleges from that area, with great success.^[24] In 1926, Boston Bruins owner Charles Adams recommended him to Col. John S. Hammond, representing the owners of the new New York Rangers franchise, who was looking for someone to build his team. Smythe was hired to recruit a team, which he would then manage.^[24] But on October 27, 1926, before the Rangers had played a regular season game, Hammond fired Smythe in favour of Lester Patrick. Smythe believed that he lost his job by refusing to sign two-time NHL scoring champion Babe Dye, against Hammond's wishes. Smythe thought Dye was not a team player.^[25]

Smythe applied to coach the Toronto St. Pats, but was rejected in favour of Mike Rodden. He continued to coach for the University of Toronto and took on a new senior team made up of from University of Toronto players, called the Varsity Grads. The team won the Allan Cup, and represented Canada at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz the following year. Smythe refused to go when two Varsity Blues players he had promised could be part of the team were blocked by what he described as a "pressure play" from two Grads players to get relatives placed on the team instead. One of the players was Joe Sullivan, who years later became a Canadian Senator.^[26]

Although no longer a Rangers employee, Smythe was invited to the Rangers' opening game in Madison Square Garden by Tex Rickard, an invitation he nearly turned down because he had felt the Rangers had short-changed him. Hammond paid Smythe $7,500 to settle his contract, and Smythe felt he was owed $10,000. At the insistence of his wife Irene, they traveled to New York and attended the opener in Rickard's private box. When the Rangers won the game, surprising the Montreal Maroons, Rickard offered Smythe a vice-presidency with the club. Smythe turned the Rangers down, partly because of the disputed $2,500, although Rickard ordered Hammond to pay off the rest. On the return trip to Toronto, Conn and Irene visited Montreal, where Smythe bet the $2,500 on a football game between Toronto and McGill. He then bet the $5,000 he won on the Rangers to defeat the St. Pats in Toronto, winning again, turning the $2,500 into $10,000 in three days.^[27] The Rangers won the Stanley Cup in 1928, their second year of existence, largely with the players Smythe had brought to the team.

Smythe forms the Maple Leafs[link]

The Rangers went to the top of their division, while the St. Pats were doing poorly. J. P. Bickell, a part-owner of the St. Pats, contacted Smythe about taking over the team as coach, but Smythe turned him down. Smythe was more interested in owning the team or a share of the team, and told Bickell so. Not long after, the St. Pats were up for sale and Bickell offered Smythe a chance to become a part-owner. The club had a tentative agreement to be sold for $200,000 to a Philadelphia group, which would move the team. If Smythe could raise $160,000, Bickell would not sell his $40,000 share and the team would remain in Toronto. Smythe was successful, and on February 14, 1927, Smythe invested $10,000 and with the help of some partners bought the St. Pats, renaming them the Toronto Maple Leafs.^[28]

At first, Smythe's name was kept in the background. However, when the Leafs promoted a public share offering to raise capital, they announced that "one of the most prominent hockey coaches in Toronto" would be taking over management of the club.^[29] That prominent coach turned out to be Smythe. He succeeded Querrie as the team's governor, and installed himself as general manager. He installed Alex Romeril as coach.^[30] For the next season, Smythe changed the team's colours from green and white to their present blue and white, the same colours as those of his sand and gravel business trucks.^[31] Smythe also took over as coach, and for the next three years he served as team governor, general manager and coach.

In 1929, Smythe decided, in the midst of the Great Depression, that the Maple Leafs needed a new arena. The Arena Gardens seated 8,000 and the Maple Leafs were regularly filling it with 9,000 customers. Smythe knew it would take over a million dollars to construct and he got backing from Sun Life for half. The site was land from T. Eaton Co. on Carlton, a site Smythe selected because it was on the street car line. Smythe gave up the coaching position to concentrate on the arena project. The building started construction on June 1, 1931 and was ready on November 12, 1931, after five months. As part of a corporate reorganization, Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. was founded that year to own both the team and the arena. To pay for the building construction, the construction workers were paid with Maple Leaf Gardens stock instead of 20% of their pay. Selke, who had union connections, and Smythe were successful in negotiating the payment method in exchange for using unionised workers.^[32]

In its first season in the new building, Smythe fired coach Art Duncan after five games and hired Dick Irvin to coach. Irvin promptly led the Maple Leafs to their first Stanley Cup as the Maple Leafs, and the franchise's third overall. While the Leafs would go to the finals every year except for 1934 and 1937 during Irvin's nine-year tenure, they were unable to win another Cup. By 1940, Smythe believed that Irvin had taken the Leafs as far as he could, and decided to replace him with former Leafs captain Hap Day. Smythe also knew that he would be away in the war and felt that Irvin would not be tough enough without Smythe to back him up.^[33] Soon afterward, Smythe engineered Irvin's hiring as coach of the moribund Montreal Canadiens. The once-proud franchise had just suffered a horrendous 10-win season, the worst in their history, leading to rumours that it might fold. Smythe suggested that the Canadiens' owners, the Canadian Arena Company, hire Irvin as coach, even though he knew it was giving the Leafs' most bitter rival an instant shot in the arm. However, the 1930s had seen several franchises fold outright or suspend operations never to return. Smythe feared the league wouldn't survive the loss of its oldest franchise, and decided to put the good of the league ahead of his rivalry with the Habs.^[34]

Thoroughbred horse racing[link]

Smythe first became interested in horse racing as a boy, when he would take stories his father wrote at the track to the newspaper office downtown. Smythe started owning horses in the late 1920s, but he rarely had any success. One early purchase turned out to be one of his most famous. When Mrs. L. A. Livingston sold off her stable, he bought Rare Jewel, a filly, for $250.^[35] The filly regularly ran last. The horse was eligible for the Coronation Futurity Stakes, one of the best two-year-old races. Smythe was full of blind hope, and on the trainer's advice, entered her in the race. The day of the race, both the trainer and his partner gave the horse some brandy, unknown to Smythe, who bet over $100 on Rare Jewel. She won the race, a 100–1 longshot paying $214.40 on a $2 bet, besting future Queen's Plate winner Froth Blower. Between the winnings from his bets and his portion of the winner's purse as horse owner, Smythe won more than $10,000 on that one race.^[36] Three weeks later, he put his windfall to work for the Maple Leafs by purchasing star defenceman King Clancy from the depression-strapped Ottawa Senators for $35,000. The purchase was only possible because of his gambling winnings, as the other Maple Leafs owners refused to pay the Senators' then-high price, and only agreed when Smythe volunteered to use his own money.^[37]

Smythe continued to own horses through the 1930s, but he sold them in 1940, when he made plans to fight in the Second World War. He did not re-enter the racing business until 1954. In 1951, Smythe bought land for a farm in Caledon, Ontario, originally looking for a new location for a gravel pit. At first he kept only cattle, but in 1954 he decided to get back into owning race horses, in partnership with Larkin Maloney,^[38] and an area was set aside to keep horses. Smythe learned about the business and went into breeding, buying mares in foal from top thoroughbred lines, and hiring future Hall of Fame trainer Yonnie Starr.^[39]

Maloney and Smythe's most famous horse Wonder Where, also led to the breakup of the partnership. Wonder Where, named by Maloney, was bred at Frank Selke's farm in Quebec and bought by Maloney and Smythe in 1957. In 1959, Wonder Where had an outstanding season, including winning the Canadian Oaks. The horse was voted Canadian Horse of the Year for the year and later, the filly was inducted in the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. The Wonder Where Stakes was established in honour of the horse in 1965, becoming one of the Canadian Triple Tiara races for fillies in Canada in 1995. After the outstanding year in 1959, Maloney wanted to continue racing Wonder Where and Smythe did not, concerned over some tendon trouble. The horse broke down in a race in Fort Erie, and the partnership dissolved after that.^[40]

While not the largest operation, Smythe's horses won 145 stakes races during his lifetime, a record second only to E. P. Taylor in Canada.^[41] Smythe's stable won the Queen's Plate twice, the first in 1958 with Caledon Beau and the second in 1967 with Jammed Lovely.^[42] In 1973, Smythe became a founding member of the Jockey Club of Canada. In 1977 he was inducted in the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. After his death, the Smythe stable was sold in 1981 to Gardiner Farms and Harlequin Ranches, for an estimated $2.5 million. Smythe's will gave the racing stable to the Conn Smythe Foundation, which as a charitable foundation, could not run a business. The new owners leased back the farm and stables. The only horse not in the sale was Jammed Lucky, Smythe's favourite, which was given to Smythe's grand-son Tommy.^[43] Jammed Lucky was 23 years old and had sired 25 winning foals to that point.^[44]

Second World War and the conscription crisis[link]

Smythe (far left) enlisting in the Second World War

In the Second World War, at age 45, Smythe again served in the Canadian Army. Initially, he was a captain in charge of a troop within the Canadian Officers Training Corps, based at the University of Toronto.^[45] In 1941, along with Colonel Richard Greer, he formed the 30th Battery, a sportsmen's anti-aircraft battery that was part of the 7th Toronto Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, Canadian Active Army.^[46] Smythe was made acting major and Officer Commanding. He was offered a higher rank to become the army's sports officer, but turned it down.^[33] After first serving on Vancouver Island to defend against Japanese attack, the Battery embarked in September 1942 to England.^[47] After being stationed in England for nearly two years, Smythe and his unit were sent to France in July 1944, where within three weeks he was badly wounded when the Germans bombed an ammunition depot.^[48] For the rest of his life he would walk with a limp and suffer bowel and urinary tract problems. He was sent back to Canada in September on a hospital ship.

Smythe, who had seen that the army was using improperly trained troops due to a lack of soldiers, interviewed other soldiers during his time in the hospital, compiling a record over which to confront Mackenzie King. King had developed an official government policy of voluntary service for political reasons and Smythe saw the detrimental effect it had on the Army. Volunteers tried to press home service troops into active service, and the undermanned troops overseas.^[49] From his bed in the Chorley Park Hospital, Smythe dictated a statement to the Toronto Globe and Mail, which printed it on its front page on September 19, 1944:

“The need for trained reinforcement in the Canadian Army is urgent. During my time in France and in the hospitals of France and England, I was able to discuss the reinforcement situation with officers of units representing every section of Canada. I talked to officers from far Eastern Canada, French Canada, Ontario and all the Western Provinces. They agreed that the reinforcements received now are green, inexperienced and poorly trained. Besides this general statement, specific charges are that many have never thrown a grenade. Practically all have little or no knowledge of the Bren gun and finally, most of them have never seen a Piat anti-tank gun, let alone fired one. These officers are unaniminous in stating that large numbers of unnecessary casualties result from this greenness, both to the rookies and to the other soldiers, who have the added task of trying to look after the newcomers as well as themselves. I give these true facts of the reinforcement situation in the hope that:

1. Col Ralston, if he has other information, will know that his facts are out of date or that he has been misinformed;
2. The taxpayer will insist that no more money be spent on well-trained soldiers in this country except to send them to the battle fronts;
3. The people who voted these men should be used overseas when needeed should insist on the Government carrying out the will of the people; and
4. The relatives of the lads in the fighting zones should ensure no further casualties are caused to their own flesh and blood by the failure to send overseas reinforcements now available in large numbers in Canada.”^[50]

Smythe was alleged to be doing his actions solely for political gain. The publisher of the Globe and Mail at the time was prominent Conservative George McCullagh, and Smythe was friends with Ontario Conservative Premier George Drew.^[51] McCullagh and Drew may have used Smythe for their political ends to defeat King.^[52] The issue of lack of reinforcements was well-known within the Army and Smythe did not make any complaints to senior officers while in active service.^[52] Despite being criticized, Smythe kept up his public criticism in the newspapers. After James Ralston, Canada's defence minister, traveled to Italy, he saw for himself the shortage of skilled reinforcements. Ralston, who King did not trust, was replaced with Andrew McNaughton, who was against conscription. However, even King saw the need to send troops for the Canadian Army and he ordered 17,500 reserve troops to Europe in November 1944, which started to arrive in January 1945^[53]

Majority owner of the Maple Leafs[link]

While Smythe was away, a committee, headed by Ed Bickle, Bill MacBrien, and Selke ran Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. Upon his return from the military, Smythe found himself in the middle of a power struggle over the presidency of Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. Smythe suspected that MacBrien, a member of the board of directors, wanted to succeed Bickle as president and give Smythe's job to Selke, who had been acting general manager in Smythe's absence. Smythe wanted to be president and asked Selke for his support. Selke equivocated, and relationship between the two long-time friends turned acrimonious, leading to Selke's resignation in May 1946.^[54][55] Two months later, Selke became head of hockey operations for the Montreal Canadiens and manager of the Montreal Forum, succeeding Tommy Gorman.^[55]

With the support of J. P. Bickell and with the help of a $300,000 loan from Toronto stockbroker and Gardens shareholder Percy Gardiner, Smythe was able to buy enough stock to become majority shareholder of Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. He was thus able to install himself as president of the Gardens on November 19, 1947.^[56][57][58] Andy Lytle, sports editor of the Toronto Star, said the appointment "simply makes official what he has been for years in actuality ... Smythe and the Gardens are synonymous terms."^[59] MacBrien was made chairman. Smythe repaid his debt to Gardiner by 1960.^[60] He later succeeded MacBrien as chairman of the board.

Smythe oversaw one of hockey's greatest dynasties when Toronto won six Stanley Cups in 10 seasons between 1942 and 1951. Hap Day coached the team to five of those Cups and was assistant general manager for the sixth. He was named in a poll of Canadian sports editors the "most dominating personality in any capacity in sports" for 1949. The Maple Leafs were masters of playoff hockey; their regular-season performances were usually fair to good or just good enough to make the playoffs.^[61] Smythe was known for caring little about gaudy regular season records but he did care about winning the Cup, because "winning sells tickets."^[62]

However, the Leafs spent most of the 1950s as a mediocre team, struggling under three different coaches while Day remained assistant general manager under Smythe. Even so, in 1955, Smythe turned over most responsibility for hockey operations to Day, but nominally remained general manager.^[63] However, just after the Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs in 1957, Smythe told the media that it had been "a season of failure" and that he did not know if the 55-year-old Day would be available for the next season. Day felt that his legs had been cut out from under him and resigned.^[64]

By this time Smythe had turned the operation of the hockey team over to a seven-person committee, headed by his son, Stafford Smythe. Newspaper owner John Bassett was another member of the committee, as was Percy Gardiner's son, George Gardiner. The committee became known as the "Silver Seven" because the seven had been "born with a silver spoon in their mouths."^[65] Initially, all members were in their 30s or early 40s, but that changed before the end of the year when 54-year-old Harold Ballard, president of the Toronto Marlboros, was appointed to the committee to fill a vacancy. The committee hired Punch Imlach as general manager, who would later take over the coaching job.^[66]

Smythe was vehemently against a players' union. From 1957 onwards, Conn Smythe along with other NHL owners including James D. Norris of the Chicago Black Hawks and his half brother Bruce Norris of the Detroit Red Wings were accused of union busting activities related to the attempt by Ted Lindsay and a group of NHL players to form an NHL Players Association. Mr. Smythe's role in those affairs are dramatized in the movie, Net Worth.

Later years[link]

Though the committee made most decisions involving the Leafs, Smythe was not a hands-off owner and was constantly fighting with his son. Stafford commented: "My father has always given me lots of rope. When I was thirty, I was ten years ahead of everybody. But at forty, I'm ten years behind everybody." Finally, in 1961, Stafford resigned from the Silver Seven and this spurred Conn.^[67] After four years of fighting, he offered to sell his shares to Stafford and in November 1961, Smythe sold 45,000 of his 50,000 shares in Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. to a partnership of his son, Ballard, and Bassett for $2.3 million—a handsome return on his investment of 34 years earlier.^[68] At first, Smythe thought the sale was only to his son, and when he learned that it was to the threesome, he was furious with Stafford. He had hoped that Stafford would eventually keep the Gardens for his son Tommy. Despite his misgivings, Smythe did not cancel the deal.^[69]

As part of the deal, Smythe resigned as president and managing director, nominating Stafford to succeed him. On Stafford's instigation, the board then granted Smythe a $15,000 annual allowance, an office at the Gardens, and a car and driver for the rest of his life. Stafford, Ballard and Bassett then nominated Smythe as chairman of the board.^[70] Smythe gave up role as chairman of the board after Toronto won the Stanley Cup in 1962 with Bassett succeeded him .

In 1964, Smythe opposed the Lester Pearson government's plan to replace the traditional Canadian flag with a completely new design. He wrote to Pearson, whom he had known since the 1920s: "In the Olympic Games the whole world is represented and when Canada sometimes wins a Gold Medal everybody knows, when the Red Ensign (see Canadian Red Ensign) is raised to the masthead, that Canada has won."^[71] Smythe disagreed that a new flag would help to unify the country. Smythe switched his support to John Diefenbaker. Smythe wrote over 300 letters to Members of Parliament.^[72] In 1965, he unsuccessfully lobbied for the Red Ensign to be flown at the Gardens instead of the new Flag of Canada. Harold Ballard ordered the new flag flown because calls were more than three to one in favour of the new flag.^[73]

In March 1966, Smythe sold his remaining shares and resigned from the board of directors after a Muhammad Ali boxing match was scheduled for the Gardens. He found Ali's refusal to serve in the U.S. Army in the Vietnam War to be offensive, because, as he put it in his autobiography "The Gardens was founded by men – sportsmen – who fought for their country. It is no place for those want to evade conscription in their own country. The Gardens was built for many things, but not for picking up things that no one else wants."^[74] He also said that by accepting the fight, Gardens owners had "put cash ahead of class."^[75]

Smythe stayed away from the Gardens and he took pot shots in the press, stating that he had been "traded for $35,000 and a black Muslim minister."^[76] The seats at the Gardens had been replaced with new, narrower ones and Smythe commented that "only a slim, young man could sit in them but the prices are so high that only a fat rich man could afford them."^[76]

Smythe continued to be sought out for his views on hockey. When the NHL expanded to 12 teams from six in 1967, he openly opposed the expansion on the basis that it would make for inferior hockey. "We had the best players in the world split between six teams, and hockey was always worth the money."^[77]

By this time Conn and Stafford were not on speaking terms and it fell to Tom Smythe, Stafford's son, to mediate between the two. Stafford built a new office suite at the Gardens for Conn, and the feud was over.^[78] After Stafford was charged in 1971 with fraud and became ill with a stomach ulcer, Conn was with him in hospital when he died. According to Conn, Stafford's last words to him were "see dad, I told you they wouldn't put me in jail."^[79]

Other accomplishments and honours[link]

Conn Smythe Trophy in shape of Maple Leaf Gardens

After the Second World War, Smythe became involved in charities and would remain so for the rest of his life. He became heavily involved in the Ontario Society for Crippled Children. Smythe helped organize the financing and construction of their Variety Club Village complex in Toronto.^[80] In 1975, at the age of 80, Smythe organized the financing and building of the Ontario Community Centre for the Deaf, which opened in 1979.^[81]

In 1960, after paying off his debt to Percy Gardiner, Smythe set up the Conn Smythe Charitable Foundation, which distributes money to charities in the Toronto area. The foundation was operated by Conn, his children and Hap Day. Day continued to help with the Foundation until his death in 1990. Before he died, Conn arranged for his grandson Thomas Smythe to continue the Foundation after his death.^[82]

Smythe supervised the construction of the Hockey Hall of Fame building in Toronto in 1961. He served as the Hall's chairman for several years, but resigned in June 1971 when Busher Jackson was posthumously elected into the Hall. Smythe said that it made him sick to think of Jackson alongside such Leafs as "Apps, Primeau, Conacher, Clancy and Kennedy. If the standards are going to be lowered I'll get out as chairman of the board."^[83] Jackson was notorious for his off-ice lifestyle of drinking and broken marriages.^[84] Frank Selke, head of the selection committee defended the selection on the belief that a man should not be shut out "because of the amount of beer he drank."^[85]

The National Hockey League honoured Smythe's contribution to the game by introducing the Conn Smythe Trophy in 1965, to be presented to the Most Valuable Player in the Stanley Cup playoffs. After his death, the trophy was renamed the Conn Smythe Memorial Trophy. The league also named one of its four divisions, the Smythe Division, after him prior to the 1974–75 season.

Smythe Park and Recreation Centre in Toronto is located on the site of his old gravel pit. The surrounding neighbourhood is named Rockcliffe-Smythe, partly a sub-division Smythe built for war veterans.^[86] Smythe made provisions for a portion of the lands of the sub-division to be reserved for the centre.

His autobiography, Conn Smythe: If You Can't Beat 'Em in the Alley, written with Scott Young, was published posthumously in 1981. The title was taken from Smythe's credo, "If you can't beat 'em in the alley, you can't beat 'em on the ice."^[87] In Smythe's memoir he describes it as the most misunderstood remark he ever made. Rather than meaning that his players should go out and bully the opposition, he meant the opposite; that his players should refuse to be bullied by the opposition.^[87]

Family and Personal life[link]

Smythe married Irene Sands on March 17, 1920 at Central Methodist Church. The couple lived in an apartment on St. Clair Avenue, then moved to the Runnymede area of Toronto to be close to Smythe's sand and gravel business, which operated a gravel pit north-west of Jane Street and St. Clair. (Smythe Park exists on the site today). In 1927, after their first two children, Stafford and Miriam, were born, they moved to the Baby Point enclave of Toronto, where they would live for the rest of their lives. Irene and Smythe had two other children, Hugh and Patricia. Hugh became a doctor; a specialist in rheumatology, and later a director of Maple Leaf Gardens. Patricia died due to an allergic attack at the age of ten, in 1945. Stafford became involved in the Smythe sand and gravel business and Maple Leaf Gardens before dying of complications from a bleeding ulcer in 1971. Stafford's son Thomas was a stick boy with the Maple Leafs and later was involved with the Toronto Marlboros and Doug Laurie Sporting Goods at Maple Leaf Gardens, before becoming director of the Smythe Charitable Foundation after Conn's death.

Smythe's father died in 1947 at 86 years of age. Smythe had had a rapprochement with his father, seeing him at Christmas and at times when Albert came to Toronto to preach.^[88] After his father's death, Smythe joined the Theosophical Society and remained a member for life.^[89] In 1977, Smythe explained why he was a theosophist: "It's because a theosophist teaches you that ya can't get away with anything in this life anyway."^[90]

Irene Smythe was diagnosed with cancer after Christmas 1963. The illness progressed and Irene died on June 20, 1965. Due to the amount of pain Irene endured, Conn and Irene considered using a revolver to end her life, but near the end she told Conn that it was a "coward's way out" and she endured.^[91] After the amount of pain Irene endured, Smythe called her death a "blessed release." Smythe set up a foundation at the University of Toronto in her name, which opened the Irene Eleanor Smythe Pain Clinic at Toronto General Hospital.^[92][93]

On April 20, 1978, Smythe suffered a heart attack. He spent a month in the hospital, in time to spend May 18 at Woodbine, where he had four horses racing that day.^[94] His health continued to deteriorate and Conn realized that he was dying. He arranged for Thomas Smythe to take over the Conn Smythe Foundation, and he made gifts of money to relatives. Conn Smythe died at the age of 85 in 1980 at his home on Baby Point.^[95] He is interred with Irene at Park Lawn Cemetery in Toronto.

Coaching record[link]

See also[link]

• Notable families in the NHL
• Conn Smythe Trophy

References[link]

• Batten, Jack (1969). The inside story of Conn Smythe's hockey dynasty; a fascinating history of the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club. Toronto: Pagurian Press. 
• Frayne, Trent (1974). The Mad Men of Hockey. New York, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. ISBN 0-396-07060-4. 
• Hunter, Douglas (1996). War Games: Conn Smythe and Hockey's Fighting Men. Penguin Books Canada. ISBN 0-14-025685-7. 
• Hunter, Douglas (1997). Champions: The Illustrated History of Hockey's Greatest Dynasties.. Chicago, Illinois: Triumph Books. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1-57243-216-6|1-57243-216-6]]. 
• Smythe, Conn; Young, Scott (1981). Conn Smythe: If you can't beat 'em in the alley. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-9078-1. 
• Smythe, Thomas Stafford; Shea, Kevin Shea (2000). Centre Ice: The Smythe Family, the Gardens, and the Toronto Maple Leafs Hockey Club. Bolton, Ontario, Canada: Fenn Publishing Co.. ISBN 1-55168-250-8. 

Notes

External links[link]

• Conn Smythe's biography at Legends of Hockey

Bobby Conn (born June 13, 1967) is an American musician based in Chicago, Illinois, known for his pop-rock. He often collaborates with other artists such as musicians Colby Starck and Jim O'Rourke, and film-maker Usama Alshaibi. In 2003, Conn produced a session for UK punk band The Cribs, whom he met when they were a support band on his UK tour. A part of that session was used on The Cribs' self-titled debut release in 2004.

Biography[link]

Conn was born as Jeffrey Stafford in New York, but spent much of his young life in the Chicago suburb of St. Charles. He started a hardcore punk trio in high school called "The Broken Kockamamies" (The BK's, or BKS) who were noted for using eight-foot strobe lights on a darkened stage as their only prop. The strobes were affectionately called "the pillars of fear."

In 1989, Conn played guitar in the Chicago progressive rock trio Conducent. He went solo in 1994 after Conducent broke up. His first lineup consisted of ex-Conducent member DJ Le Deuce on turntables, as well as his future wife Julie Pomerleau (a.k.a. Monica BouBou) on electric violin.^[1] Conn went on to release five studio albums to date: Bobby Conn (1997), Rise Up! (1998), The Golden Age (2001), The Homeland (2004) and King For A Day (2007), along with a live album Live Classics (2005) and an E.P. called Llovessonngs (1999).

Bobby Conn and the press[link]

Bobby Conn is known for his elaborate and fabricated press releases, and for making outrageous statements in interviews.

The following excerpt is from Bobby Conn's Southern Records biography:

In more recent years, Conn has been more candid in interviews, and has admitted that all of these early fabrications for the press were merely a charade. Conn told Magnet magazine that "I always thought it was part of the creative process. Creativity is lying. My own story doesn’t seem very interesting to me... You don’t want to be who you are onstage everyday. What’s the point in that?" Conn also said in another interview that the source of his onstage persona was "egomaniacal delusions that I've had since I was a kid - I tried to hyperbolize them to see how far it would go. To me when I came up with the whole idea of trying to promote myself as a potential Antichrist I figured that no-one is going to take this seriously or even acknowledge it because it's about the dumbest thing you could say."

Protest[link]

While Conn would usually be considered more avant garde than a protest singer, he said of his art that "All the records that I've done are a critique of what's going on in contemporary America",^[3] and he was an outspoken critic of the George W. Bush administration. However, Conn has admitted he was not always at ease with the "protest singer" label for himself. He told Magnet Magazine, "I’ve always done lots of social commentary that I believe in pretty strongly but I am very uncomfortable with the role of the artist as a meaningful social critic...my whole generation [is] a confused group of people with an ambivalent way of dealing with protest."

Regarding his 2007 album "King For a Day", Conn said "it's political, but just in a contemporary culture kind of way[...] Two of the songs are about Tom Cruise, and I don't know if there's a more political statement than Tom Cruise. He kind of symbolizes a lot of what's going on in this country right now and how people are responding to it." ^[4]

Personal life[link]

He currently lives in Humboldt Park, Chicago with his wife, violinist and session musician Julie Pomerleau, and their two children.

In 2001, Conn and Pomerleau became the first couple who were cast by Cynthia Plaster Caster.^[5]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Bobby Conn (1997)
• Rise Up! (1998)
• Llovessonngs [E.P.] (1999)
• The Golden Age (2001)
• The Homeland - with The Glass Gypsies (2004)
• Live Classics (2005)
• King For a Day (2007)
• Macaroni (2012)

12 inch[link]

• Bobby Conn/Coolhaven (w/Lukas Simonis) - Bigmag. III POLYTOPIA - For The Quasi Crystals (12", Pic, Ltd) Drop Of Blood Records 2008

Singles[link]

• "Who’s the Paul?" b/w "The Sportsman" 7" (1995)
• "Never Get Ahead" b/w "Me, Most of All" 7" (1996)
• "Winners" CD Single (2002)
• "On the Farm" b/w "Don't Worry" 7"(2007)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Southern Records website for Bobby Conn
• Metacritic archive of King For A Day reviews
• Official Myspace Page
• SiouwWIRE Bobby Conn Interview
• With Splendid on 'Satire' and the release of "The Homeland
• An Interview with Mr Bobby Conn in Freq E-zine during to 2000 US presidential election
• Interview on Centerstage Chicago (December 2006)
• YouTube promo video for "Never Get Ahead"
• YouTube promo video for "We Come in Peace"
• YouTube promo video for "King For a Day"

Nicole Conn (born October 29, 1959 in Mesa, Arizona), is a film director, producer, and screenwriter most famous for her debut feature, the lesbian love story, Claire of the Moon (1992).

In 2004, POWER UP! named Conn one of the top ten gay women in show business.

little man[link]

Conn's most recent film project was little man, a documentary about the extremely premature birth of her son, Nicholas. Born 100 days too early, Nicholas weighed only one pound. little man is the story of how a micro-preemie brought a family to its knees. The film is the winner of 12 film festival awards from around the United States of America.

Preemie World[link]

Her most recent venture is Preemie World, a website that provides a nexus between prematurity and disability. Conn used this site to launch NICU Preemie Tags, which are pieces of jewelry inspired by the dog tags soldiers wear into battle. The NICU Preemie Tags are considered by Conn as a way to honor all the children who were once premature babies fighting for their lives in the NICU and all the people who have loved and nurtured those children.

Filmography[link]

• A Perfect Ending (2011)
• Elena Undone (2010)
• little man--a documentary by Nicole Conn (2005)
• Cynara: Poetry in Motion (1996)
• Claire of the Moon (1992)
• Moments (1992)

Bibliography[link]

• She Walks in Beauty (2001)
• Angel Wings (1997)
• Passion's Shadow (1995)
• Claire of the Moon (1993)
• The Wedding Dress

Companies[link]

• Demi-Monde Productions (1987)
• Little Man Nicholas, LLC (2002)

External links[link]

• Nicole Conn at the Internet Movie Database
• Official Website
• Website for her documentary "Little Man"
• Preemie World Official Website
• NICU Preemie Tags

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