- published: 15 Mar 2015
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Ung county (in Latin: comitatus Unghvariensis, in Hungarian: Ung (vár)megye in Slovak also: Užský komitát/ Užská župa / Užská stolica) is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia (1/3) and western Ukraine (2/3).
Ung county shared borders with the Austrian crownland Galicia (currently in Poland and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Szabolcs and Zemplén (Zemplín). It was situated between the Carpathian Mountains in the north, the rivers Tisza and Latorica in the south, and the river Laborec in the west. The rivers Latorica and Uzh (Hungarian: Ung, hence the name of the county) flowed through the county. Its area was 3230 km² around 1910.
Initially, the capital of the county was the Uzhhorod Castle, later the town of Uzhhorod (in Hungarian: Ungvár).
Ung is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of World War I, most of Ung county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon. The town of Záhony and the village of Győröcske remained in Hungary (county Szabolcs-Ung).
Hoa people (Chinese: 華人; pinyin: Huárén; Cantonese Yale: Wa Yan; Hán Nôm: 𠊛華; quốc ngữ: người Hoa) refers to a minority living in Vietnam consisting of persons considered to be ethnic Chinese. They are often referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Vietnamese Chinese,Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese in/from Vietnam by the Vietnamese populace, Overseas Vietnamese, and other ethnic Chinese. The Vietnamese government's classification of the Hoa excludes two other groups of Chinese-speaking peoples, the San Diu and the Ngai. The Hoa constitute one group of Overseas Chinese and contain one of the largest Overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. As of 2011, the Sino-Vietnamese community numbered approximately 855,000 people corresponding to 0.95% of the Vietnamese population.
The Hoa were highly overrepresented in Vietnam's business and commerce sector before the Fall of Saigon in 1975. Today they are a well-established middle class ethnic group and make up a high percentage of Vietnam's educated and upper class. Like much of Southeast Asia, Sino Vietnamese are dominant in both the Vietnamese commerce and business sections. They are estimated to control 70 to 80 percent of the Southern Vietnamese economy before the Fall of Saigon in 1975. However now, the Chinese Vietnamese only comprise a small percentage in the modern Vietnamese economy, now mostly Vietnamese-run, as many Hoa had their businesses and property confiscated by the Communists after 1975, and many fled the country as Boat People due to persecution by the new Communist government. The Hoa were persecuted, and some were even forcibly "kicked out" of the country, at a time when Vietnam had serious tensions with China in the late 1970s, and the government feared of the Hoa collaborating with the Chinese communist government as a result of the Sino-Vietnamese War though the remaining Chinese still cornered an estimated 66% of the fledgling private economy, mainly concentrated in Saigon.
A district is a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. Entities known as districts vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, or subdivisions of municipalities.
In Austria, a district or Bezirk is an administrative division normally encompassing several municipalities, roughly equivalent to the Landkreis in Germany. The administrative office of a district, the Bezirkshauptmannschaft is headed by the Bezirkshauptmann. It is in charge of the administration of all matters of federal and state administrative law and subject to orders from the higher instances, usually the Landeshauptmann (governor) in matters of federal law and the Landesregierung (state government) in state law. While there are matters of administrative law the municipalities themselves are in charge of, or where there are special bodies, the district is the basic unit of general administration in Austria. Officials on the district level are not elected, but appointed by the state government. There are also independent cities in Austria. They are called Statutarstadt in Austrian administrative law. These urban districts do have the same tasks as a normal district.