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Send this Playlist by SMS
Lyon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Updated: 08 Aug 2013
Walking along the narrow streets of Lyons Old Town is like leaving the modern world and taking a giant leap back 500 years. Cobblestone streets lined with an...
http://wn.com/Lyon
Walking along the narrow streets of Lyons Old Town is like leaving the modern world and taking a giant leap back 500 years. Cobblestone streets lined with an...
Vidéo Lyon visite guidée
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
http://bit.ly/1c5Wpq8 Audrey, reporter de Voyages-sncf.com, visite Lyon. En partant de la Place Bellecour elle découvre le Vieux Lyon et ses traboules. A la ...
http://wn.com/Vidéo_Lyon_visite_guidée
http://bit.ly/1c5Wpq8 Audrey, reporter de Voyages-sncf.com, visite Lyon. En partant de la Place Bellecour elle découvre le Vieux Lyon et ses traboules. A la ...
- published: 08 Aug 2011
- views: 29844
- author: VoyagesSNCFcom
Top 10 Reasons to Visit Lyon, France
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Top 10 Reasons to Visit Lyon, France from Travel Therapy. Like this? Watch the latest episode of Travel Therapy on Blip! http://blip.tv/traveltherapy/watch I...
http://wn.com/Top_10_Reasons_to_Visit_Lyon,_France
Top 10 Reasons to Visit Lyon, France from Travel Therapy. Like this? Watch the latest episode of Travel Therapy on Blip! http://blip.tv/traveltherapy/watch I...
- published: 18 Aug 2012
- views: 5348
- author: TravelTherapyTV
LYON Secrets et Legendes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 71:54
- Updated: 12 Jul 2013
http://wn.com/LYON_Secrets_et_Legendes
TC2013 - Gran Final: LoL Cave vs Lyon Gaming, 3º partida.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:04
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
El campeón del Sur, Team LoL Cave se enfrenta al campeón del Norte, Lyon Gaming por el título del mejor de Latinoamérica y un viaje a la Gamescom en Alemania...
http://wn.com/TC2013_Gran_Final_LoL_Cave_vs_Lyon_Gaming,_3º_partida
El campeón del Sur, Team LoL Cave se enfrenta al campeón del Norte, Lyon Gaming por el título del mejor de Latinoamérica y un viaje a la Gamescom en Alemania...
- published: 06 Aug 2013
- views: 24539
- author: RiotGamesLatino
LYON TOURISME
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Vidéo de l'Office de tourisme de Lyon: http://www.lyon-france.com Découvrez Lyon, ville pleine de charme, ville de culture, ville de biennales et de fêtes, d...
http://wn.com/LYON_TOURISME
Vidéo de l'Office de tourisme de Lyon: http://www.lyon-france.com Découvrez Lyon, ville pleine de charme, ville de culture, ville de biennales et de fêtes, d...
- published: 07 Aug 2008
- views: 44466
- author: Lyon6289
Lyon Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:29
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Took my camera along with me to give you a view of the city 'through my eyes'
http://wn.com/Lyon_Life
Took my camera along with me to give you a view of the city 'through my eyes'
- published: 30 Mar 2010
- views: 40913
- author: foxstudyabroad
My city: Lyon, birthplace of cinema
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 31 Jul 2013
Thierry Frémaux, director of the Cannes film festival, the Institut Lumière and next week's Lumière Festival, celebrates Lyon, where the Lumière brothers mad...
http://wn.com/My_city_Lyon,_birthplace_of_cinema
Thierry Frémaux, director of the Cannes film festival, the Institut Lumière and next week's Lumière Festival, celebrates Lyon, where the Lumière brothers mad...
- published: 29 Sep 2011
- views: 2788
- author: TheGuardian
Lyon Metro Extravaganza 18 May 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
All the action on all four lines of the Lyon Metro during the afternoon of Saturday 18 May 2013.
http://wn.com/Lyon_Metro_Extravaganza_18_May_2013
All the action on all four lines of the Lyon Metro during the afternoon of Saturday 18 May 2013.
- published: 19 May 2013
- views: 2337
- author: voxley19
Résumé Grasshopper Zurich - Lyon, 3e tour qualificatif retour 06/08/13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:54
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
Résumé Grasshopper - Lyon, 3e tour qualificatif retour 06/08/13.
http://wn.com/Résumé_Grasshopper_Zurich_Lyon,_3e_tour_qualificatif_retour_06_08_13
Résumé Grasshopper - Lyon, 3e tour qualificatif retour 06/08/13.
- published: 06 Aug 2013
- views: 2056
- author: OLvideosTV
Découvrez Lyon en TimeLapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
Balade dans Lyon en vidéo timelapse. Des quais de Saône au Vieux Lyon en passant par la place des Terreaux et l'hôtel de ville, découvrez Lyon comme vous ne ...
http://wn.com/Découvrez_Lyon_en_TimeLapse
Balade dans Lyon en vidéo timelapse. Des quais de Saône au Vieux Lyon en passant par la place des Terreaux et l'hôtel de ville, découvrez Lyon comme vous ne ...
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 15432
- author: LyonTourisme
Maxime Musqua - Paris Lyon en Velib'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Retrouvez toutes les vidéos du Studio Bagel, parodies, sketchs, fausses bandes annonces en vous abonnant à la chaîne : http://www.youtube.com/user/studiobage...
http://wn.com/Maxime_Musqua_Paris_Lyon_en_Velib'
Retrouvez toutes les vidéos du Studio Bagel, parodies, sketchs, fausses bandes annonces en vous abonnant à la chaîne : http://www.youtube.com/user/studiobage...
- published: 03 Dec 2012
- views: 913092
- author: Studio Bagel
Des immigrés attaquent tout un quartier de Lyon !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
des enfants d'immigrés cassent et pillent tout un quartier populaire de Lyon La France se fait bouffer de partout !!
http://wn.com/Des_immigrés_attaquent_tout_un_quartier_de_Lyon_!
des enfants d'immigrés cassent et pillent tout un quartier populaire de Lyon La France se fait bouffer de partout !!
- published: 16 May 2013
- views: 57087
- author: ZTB937
Lugdunum : Lyon en Time Lapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
Time Lapse dans la ville de Lyon. Lugdunum est le nom gallo-romain de la ville de Lyon. Elle a été fondée en -43 av J.C. Infos : - Film en 24 img/s à raison ...
http://wn.com/Lugdunum_Lyon_en_Time_Lapse
Time Lapse dans la ville de Lyon. Lugdunum est le nom gallo-romain de la ville de Lyon. Elle a été fondée en -43 av J.C. Infos : - Film en 24 img/s à raison ...
- published: 04 Apr 2012
- views: 2415
- author: TheLeeloo43
CDL Saint Etienne - Lyon 1-2 Résumé France 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 28 Jul 2013
Les lyonnais s'impossent deux buts à un avec des buts de Briand (40è) et Bastos (68è sp) contre un but d'Aubameyang (82è)
http://wn.com/CDL_Saint_Etienne_Lyon_1-2_Résumé_France_3
Les lyonnais s'impossent deux buts à un avec des buts de Briand (40è) et Bastos (68è sp) contre un but d'Aubameyang (82è)
- published: 27 Oct 2011
- views: 83198
- author: Hakim Abdouroihamane
WELCOME TO LYON CITY (1ère édition concours ONLYLYON Buzz clôturée)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 25 Jul 2013
Une vidéo réalisée par Malik Benaouda et Maxime Champigneulle. Gagnant de la 1ère édition du concours ONLYLYON Buzz : PRIX DU JURY ex-aequo http://www.onlyly...
http://wn.com/WELCOME_TO_LYON_CITY_1ère_édition_concours_ONLYLYON_Buzz_clôturée
Une vidéo réalisée par Malik Benaouda et Maxime Champigneulle. Gagnant de la 1ère édition du concours ONLYLYON Buzz : PRIX DU JURY ex-aequo http://www.onlyly...
- published: 24 Oct 2012
- views: 5094
- author: ONLYLYON Buzz
Lyon : prouesse technologique avec la pose du tablier du pont Raymond Barre
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 03 Sep 2013
Lyon : le pont Raymond-Barre enfin à bon port A.P. | Publié le 03.09.2013, 10h34 | Mise à jour : 18h40
L'opération a été lancée 22 mois plus tôt, mais c'est surtout la dernière étape qui promettait d'être aussi délicate que spectaculaire. Un mois après la date initialement programmée, en attente des conditions idéales notamment concernant le débit du Rhône, la pose à Lyon du nouveau pont sur le Rhône destiné à accueillir le prolongement de la ligne 1 du tramway est en cours de finalisation, ce mardi 3 septembre.
La pièce centrale aux mensurations respectables -150 m de long, 20 m de large, 30 m de haut et 2500 tonnes- a été construite sur terre, près du port Edouard-Herriot, à un kilomètre en aval de son lieu d'implantation finale. Portée par des engins spéciaux, la travée a ensuite été déplacée jusqu'au bord du fleuve, puis chargée sur une barge.
Lundi en fin de journée, le pont a fait un «voyage» de 1 kilomètre pour rejoindre son lieu d'implantation, tout près du pont Pasteur. Et ce mardi, toute navigation coupée sur le fleuve, la barge a été pivotée lentement pour placer le gigantesque ouvrage en position finale.
Ce nouveau trait d'union harmonieux entre les deux rives du Rhône, qui se veut aussi un signal d'entrée sur la ville, sera réservé aux circulations douces, tramway, piétons, vélos. Après les derniers travaux d'aménagement, il sera livré en décembre prochain. Il représente un investissement de 19 millions d'euros, l'ensemble des travaux de prolongation de la ligne de tramway se chiffrant à 64 millions d'euros.
LeParisien.fr
http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama/ly...
http://wn.com/Lyon_prouesse_technologique_avec_la_pose_du_tablier_du_pont_Raymond_Barre
Lyon : le pont Raymond-Barre enfin à bon port A.P. | Publié le 03.09.2013, 10h34 | Mise à jour : 18h40
L'opération a été lancée 22 mois plus tôt, mais c'est surtout la dernière étape qui promettait d'être aussi délicate que spectaculaire. Un mois après la date initialement programmée, en attente des conditions idéales notamment concernant le débit du Rhône, la pose à Lyon du nouveau pont sur le Rhône destiné à accueillir le prolongement de la ligne 1 du tramway est en cours de finalisation, ce mardi 3 septembre.
La pièce centrale aux mensurations respectables -150 m de long, 20 m de large, 30 m de haut et 2500 tonnes- a été construite sur terre, près du port Edouard-Herriot, à un kilomètre en aval de son lieu d'implantation finale. Portée par des engins spéciaux, la travée a ensuite été déplacée jusqu'au bord du fleuve, puis chargée sur une barge.
Lundi en fin de journée, le pont a fait un «voyage» de 1 kilomètre pour rejoindre son lieu d'implantation, tout près du pont Pasteur. Et ce mardi, toute navigation coupée sur le fleuve, la barge a été pivotée lentement pour placer le gigantesque ouvrage en position finale.
Ce nouveau trait d'union harmonieux entre les deux rives du Rhône, qui se veut aussi un signal d'entrée sur la ville, sera réservé aux circulations douces, tramway, piétons, vélos. Après les derniers travaux d'aménagement, il sera livré en décembre prochain. Il représente un investissement de 19 millions d'euros, l'ensemble des travaux de prolongation de la ligne de tramway se chiffrant à 64 millions d'euros.
LeParisien.fr
http://www.leparisien.fr/diaporama/ly...
- published: 03 Sep 2013
- views: 824
Résumé Lyon - Grasshopper Zurich 3e tour qualif aller 30/07/13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:56
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Résumé Lyon - Grasshopper Zurich 3e tour qualif aller 30/07/13.
http://wn.com/Résumé_Lyon_Grasshopper_Zurich_3e_tour_qualif_aller_30_07_13
Résumé Lyon - Grasshopper Zurich 3e tour qualif aller 30/07/13.
- published: 31 Jul 2013
- views: 8220
- author: OLvideosTV
Lyon en Billy - Voorbij
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Bekijk ook onze nieuwe video 'Lyon en Billy - Één Van De Sterren' en klik op de link in het filmpje! www.LyonenBilly.nl Volg ons ook op twitter! www.twitter....
http://wn.com/Lyon_en_Billy_Voorbij
Bekijk ook onze nieuwe video 'Lyon en Billy - Één Van De Sterren' en klik op de link in het filmpje! www.LyonenBilly.nl Volg ons ook op twitter! www.twitter....
- published: 25 Mar 2009
- views: 3001963
- author: Billy Dans
GOALS: Lyon 2-2 Real Madrid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Morata, who converted a clear penalty, and Casemiro, heading home a corner, levelled the match against an Olympique Lyonnais side that are six days away from...
http://wn.com/GOALS_Lyon_2-2_Real_Madrid
Morata, who converted a clear penalty, and Casemiro, heading home a corner, levelled the match against an Olympique Lyonnais side that are six days away from...
- published: 25 Jul 2013
- views: 125246
- author: Real Madrid C.F.
Isco vs Olympique Lyon (Away) 13-14 HD 720p by madrid23iscohd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Madrid23iscohd Download Link: https://mega.co.nz/#!w90wRJyD!G6hzGXsUCktpx-pju5SNGzXn5ZsM-VAwRT5NG6QPjHg Song: Culture Code...
http://wn.com/Isco_vs_Olympique_Lyon_Away_13-14_HD_720p_by_madrid23iscohd
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Madrid23iscohd Download Link: https://mega.co.nz/#!w90wRJyD!G6hzGXsUCktpx-pju5SNGzXn5ZsM-VAwRT5NG6QPjHg Song: Culture Code...
- published: 25 Jul 2013
- views: 129905
- author: madrid23iscohd
euronews europeans - Lyon, ciudad intercultural
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:00
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
Creando la Europa de mañana a través de la diversidad cultural. La ciudad francesa de Lyon ha adoptado el multiculturalismo como manera de vivir, como modelo...
http://wn.com/euronews_europeans_Lyon,_ciudad_intercultural
Creando la Europa de mañana a través de la diversidad cultural. La ciudad francesa de Lyon ha adoptado el multiculturalismo como manera de vivir, como modelo...
- published: 30 Aug 2009
- views: 8920
- author: euronewses
Benjamin Biolay - Lyon Presqu'île - (clip officiel)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
Nouveau single "Lyon Presqu'île" extrait de La Superbe, Benjamin Biolay Réalisatrice: Laeticia Masson.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Biolay_Lyon_Presqu'île_clip_officiel
Nouveau single "Lyon Presqu'île" extrait de La Superbe, Benjamin Biolay Réalisatrice: Laeticia Masson.
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 213269
- author: naiverecords
photo: Public Domain / Rob39
26 Oct 2013
After news broke Friday that the long-running show about three magical sisters would be returning as a CBS pilot, longtime star Alyssa Milano took to Twitter, expressing a lack of enthusiasm in the project. Milano, who played Phoebe Halliwell in the series, said it seemed to early for a Charmed reboot. “The thing about them doing a #charmed reboot is… it just… it feels like yesterday ... It feels too close ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
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Sun Sentinel
26 Oct 2013
For a state that faces decisions that could change the face of Florida, you'd expect that our elected officials would have some idea on whether to expand gambling or stand pat. The Florida Legislature has already spent $400,000 on a study to help bring a comprehensive fix to what is now a hodgepodge of gambling regulations ... Douglas C. Lyons. Bio . E-mail . Recent columns ... Gov ... Lyons can be reached at dlyons@sunsentinel.com, or 954-356-4638 ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
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New Straits/Business Times
26 Oct 2013
Monaco are the only other unbeaten side in the league but coach Claudio Ranieri must rally the troops for tomorrow's home match against Lyon after being held 2-2 by lowly Sochaux in their last outing. Questions have cropped up over Monaco's title credentials despite six wins in 10 matches and after throwing away a two-goal lead at Herve Renard's revamped Sochaux side, the match against struggling Lyon takes on added importance....(size: 3.0Kb)
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Dawn
26 Oct 2013
LONDON, Oct 25 ... Fiorentina, Salzburg, Eintracht Frankfurt and Ludogorets joined Spurs on nine points from three games with a place in the last 32 beckoning ... A second-half goal from Clement Grenier handed Olympique Lyon their first Group ‘I’ win after two draws, the French side edging Rijeka 1-0 to move on to five points, along with Real Betis who beat Vitoria Guimares by the same scoreline ... Group ‘A’. ... At Lyon, France.. Lyon 1 Rijeka 0 ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)
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Detroit news
26 Oct 2013
South Lyon In the market for a diamond tennis bracelet? Looking for some new heels? Or want to unwind, watch the game and sip on a beer? Just head to the grocery store ... Hillers new South Lyon store, for example, has a wine and craft beer bar, a demonstration kitchen and a sitting area with a large, flat screen TV ... South Lyon Mayor Tedd Wallace, left, talks with Gary Childs of Howellat the wine and craft beer bar at Hiller's....(size: 11.8Kb)
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The Charlotte Observer
26 Oct 2013
Life in the same football conference as No. 1 Mallard Creek has its challenges, as the A.L ... And junior defensive back Nafees Lyon had three drive-killing interceptions along with a 41-yard kickoff return to give the Mavericks big plays in all three aspects of the game ... Then interceptions by Lyon on back-to-back possessions set up the Mavericks for touchdowns that threatened to make the game a blowout before halftime ... NOTES ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
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TRADITION AND CONTINUITY - The self-deprecation that masks absolute confidence is misleading Sunanda K. Datta-Ray ...
The Telegraph India26 Oct 2013
As Daniel Defoe wrote in 1701, A true-born Englishmans a contradiction,/ In speech an irony, in fact a fiction. From Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor, Battenberg to Mountbatten and returning to my hosts de Leonne to Lyon and thence Bowes Lyon, accommodation is the name of the game ... John Lyon, the somewhat less wealthy ninth Earl of Strathmore....(size: 7.6Kb)
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Detroit Free Press
26 Oct 2013
Detroit PSL final. Cass Tech 20, King 14Downriver. Trenton 24, Gibraltar Carlson 21. Woodhaven 35, Lincoln Park 10. Taylor Truman 58, Melvindale 28. Allen Park 26, Southgate Anderson 19. Wyandotte Roosevelt 61, Taylor Kennedy 0Kensington Lakes. Livonia Stevenson 35, Livonia Churchill 28. Pinckney 52, South Lyon East 20. Grand Blanc 27, Plymouth 14. Hartland 27, Walled Lake Central 10. Walled Lake Northern 32, South Lyon 13 ... Clair 32. St ... Mt ... S.C.S....(size: 5.5Kb)
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The Telegraph India
26 Oct 2013
GOLF. BMW Masters. Friday, Round II. 136 Luke Guthrie (US) 65 71 140 Ricardo Gonzalez (Arg) 73 67, Scott Jamieson (GBR) 72 68, Thongchai Jaidee (Tha) 70 70, Paul Casey (GBR) 70 70, Craig Lee (GBR) 70 70, Simon Dyson (GBR) 70 70 141 Rafael Cabrera-Bello (Esp) 73 68. CIMB Classic ... SOCCER ... Betis 1 Vitoria Guimaraes 0; Lyon 1 Rijeka 0; Group J ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
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The Times of India
26 Oct 2013
PARIS. A first half Remy Roux strike ensured that Lille moved second in Ligue 1 on Friday with a 1-0 win at Nantes as French football braces itself for a strike over a controversial supertax ... Third-placed Monaco, a further point behind Lille, could however reclaim second spot when they host Lyon on Sunday ... "I was afraid they would snatch victory at the end, but we did the necessary ... Nantes stay fourth with 19 points from 11 games ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
This article is about the French city. For other uses, see Lyon (disambiguation).
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Lyon |
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Motto: Avant, avant, Lion le melhor. |
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| Top, Lyon, with the old city in the foreground. Centre, the Pont Bonaparte, at night, and the Pont Lafayette. Bottom, the Place Bellecour, with the Basilique de Notre-Dame de Fourvière and the Tour Metal in the background. | ||
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Coat of arms of Lyon | |
| City flag | City coat of arms | |
 Lyon
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Location within Rhône-Alpes region
Lyon
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| Administration | ||
|---|---|---|
| Country | France | |
| Region | Rhône-Alpes | |
| Department | Rhône | |
| Arrondissement | Lyon | |
| Subdivisions | 9 arrondissements | |
| Intercommunality | Urban Community of Lyon |
|
| Mayor | Gérard Collomb (PS) (2008–2014) |
|
| Statistics | ||
| Elevation | 162–305 m (531–1,001 ft) | |
| Land area1 | 47.95 km2 (18.51 sq mi) | |
| Population2 | 483,181 (2008) | |
| - Ranking | 3rd in France | |
| - Density | 10,077 /km2 (26,100 /sq mi) | |
| Urban area | 954.19 km2 (368.41 sq mi) (1999) | |
| - Population | 1,422,331 (2007) | |
| Metro area | 3,306 km2 (1,276 sq mi) (2006) | |
| - Population | 2,118,132 (2008) | |
| Time zone | CET (GMT +1) | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 69123/ 69001-69009 | |
| Website | lyon.fr | |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | ||
| 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | ||
Coordinates: 45°45′35″N 4°50′32″E / 45.7597°N 4.8422°E / 45.7597; 4.8422
Lyon (French pronunciation: [ljɔ̃] (
listen), locally: [lijɔ̃]; Occitan: Lion [liˈu]; Arpitan: Liyon [ʎjɔ̃]; English: /liːˈɒn/), traditionally spelt Lyons in English, is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located approximately 470 km (292 mi) from Paris, 320 km (199 mi) from Marseille, 420 km (261 mi) from Strasbourg, 160 km (99 mi) from Geneva, 280 km (174 mi) from Turin. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais.
The city of Lyon has 483,181 inhabitants.[1] Together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the largest conurbation in France outside Paris with a population estimated to be 1,422,331; its overall metropolitan area was estimated to have a population of 2,118,132.[2][3] Its urban region represents half of the Rhône-Alpes region population with 2.9 million inhabitants.[4] Lyon is the capital of this region, as well as the capital of the smaller Rhône département.
The city is known for its historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lyon was historically known as an important area for the production and weaving of silk and in modern times has developed a reputation as the capital of gastronomy in France. It has a significant role in the history of cinema due to Auguste and Louis Lumière who invented the cinematographe in Lyon. The city is also known for its famous light festival 'Fete des Lumieres' which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days, that earned Lyon the title of Capital of Lights (not to be mixed up with Paris the city of light). The legend says that the Virgin Mary saved the city from the plague, and to thank her a statue was built and on the day it was erected the whole city was lit by candles that its citizens put at their windows. The local professional football team, Olympique Lyonnais, has increased Lyon's profile internationally through participation in European football championships.
Economically, Lyon is a major centre for banking as well as for chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games, and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector.[5] Lyon also hosts the international headquarters of Interpol, Euronews and International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon is ranked 2nd in France as an economic centre and convention centre on some measures.[6] Lyon was ranked 9th globally and 2nd in France for innovation in 2010.[7] It ranked 38th globally in Mercer's 2010 liveability rankings.
Contents |
History[link]
- Main article for early, mainly Roman, history: Lugdunum. Main article for both Roman and later history: History of Lyon.
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Further information: Ecclesiastical history of Lyon
Lyon was founded on the Fourvière hill as a Roman colony in 43 BC by Munatius Plancus, a lieutenant of Caesar, on the site of a Gaulish hill-fort settlement called Lug[o]dunon, from the Celtic god Lugus ('Light', cognate with Old Irish Lugh, Modern Irish Lú) and dúnon (hill-fort). Lug[us] was equated by the Romans to Mercury.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa recognized that Lugdunum's position on the natural highway from northern to south-eastern France made it a natural communications hub, and he made Lyon the starting point of the principal Roman roads throughout Gaul. It then became the capital of Gaul, partly thanks to its convenient location at the convergence of two navigable rivers, and quickly became the main city of Gaul. Two emperors were born in this city: Claudius and Caracalla. Today, the archbishop of Lyon is still referred to as "Primat des Gaules" and the city often referred to as the "capitale des Gaules".
The Christians in Lyon were martyred for their religion under the reigns of the various Roman emperors, most notably Marcus Aurelius and Septimus Severus. Local saints from this period include saints such as Blandina (Blandine), Pothinus (Pothin), and Epipodius (Épipode), among others.
The great Christian bishop of Lyon in the 2nd century was the Easterner Irenaeus.
Burgundian refugees from the destruction of Worms by the Huns in 437 were resettled by the military commander of the west, Aëtius, at Lugdunum, which was formally the capital of the new Burgundian kingdom by 461.
In 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Lyon, with the country beyond the Saône, went to Lothair I, and later became a part of the Kingdom of Arles. Lyon only came under French control in the 14th century.
Fernand Braudel remarked, Historians of Lyon are not sufficiently aware of the bi-polarity between Paris and Lyon, which is a constant structure in French development from the late Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution (Braudel 1984 p. 327). The fairs in Lyon, the invention of Italian merchants, made it the economic countinghouse of France in the late 15th century. When international banking moved to Genoa, then Amsterdam, Lyon simply became the banking centre of France; its new Bourse (treasury), built in 1749, still resembled a public bazaar where accounts were settled in the open air. During the Renaissance, the city developed with the silk trade, especially with Italy; the Italian influence on Lyon's architecture can still be seen.[8]
Lyon was a scene of mass violence against Huguenots in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacres in 1572.
During the French Revolution, Lyon rose up against the National Convention and supported the Girondins. In 1793, the city was under siege for over two months, assaulted by the Revolutionary armies, before eventually surrendering. Several buildings were destroyed, especially around the Place Bellecour, and Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois with Joseph Fouché administered the execution of more than 2,000 people. A decade later, Napoleon himself ordered the reconstruction of all the buildings demolished during this period.
Thanks to the silk trade, the city became an important industrial town during the 19th century but in 1831 and 1834, the silk workers of Lyon, known as canuts, staged two major uprisings. The 1831 uprising saw one of the first recorded uses of the black flag as an emblem of protest[citation needed]. The world's first funicular railway was built between Lyon and La Croix-Rousse in 1862[citation needed].
Lyon was a centre for the occupying German forces and also a stronghold of resistance during World War II, and the city is now home to a resistance museum. (See also Klaus Barbie.) The traboules, or secret passages, through the houses enabled the local people to escape Gestapo raids. The city was liberated by the 1st Free French Division and the Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur on 3 September 1944.
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Geography[link]
Lyon's geography is dominated by the Rhône and Saône rivers that converge to the south of the historic city centre forming a peninsula or "Presqu'île"; two large hills, one to the west and one to the north of the historic city centre; and a large plain which sprawls eastward from the historic city centre. The original medieval city (Vieux Lyon) was built on the west bank of the Saône river at the foot of the Fourvière hill, west of the Presqu'île. This area, along with portions of the Presqu'île and much of the Croix-Rousse is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
To the west is Fourvière, known as "the hill that prays", the location for the highly decorated basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, several convents, the palace of the Archbishop, the Tour métallique (a highly visible TV tower, replicating the last stage of the Eiffel Tower) and a funicular (a railway on a steep hill).
To the north is the Croix-Rousse, "the hill that works", traditionally home to many small silk workshops, an industry for which the city was once renowned.
Place Bellecour is located on the Presqu'île between the two rivers and is the third largest public square in France. The broad, pedestrian-only Rue de la République leads north from Place Bellecour. The 2nd arrondissement has many of the finest old residential buildings in Lyon and the area is known for its concentration of old Lyonnaise Catholic families, particularly in the Ainay part of the arrondissement.
East of the Rhône from the Presqu'île is a large area of flat ground upon which sits much of modern Lyon and most of the city's population. Situated in this area is the urban centre of Part-Dieu which clusters the Tour Part-Dieu (affectionately nicknamed "The Pencil"), the Tour Oxygène, the Tour Swiss Life, a shopping centre, and one of Lyon's two major rail terminals, Lyon Part-Dieu.
North of this district is the relatively wealthy 6th arrondissement, which is home to the Parc de la Tête d'Or, one of Europe's largest urban parks, the prestigious Lycée du Parc to the south of the park, and Interpol's world headquarters on the park's western edge. The park contains a free zoo that has recently been upgraded.
Climate[link]
Lyon is classed as borderline Oceanic and Humid Subtropical (Koppen Cfb/Cfa). Winters are cooler than much of the rest of France due to its more inland position, but generally not cold, averaging 3.2 °C (37.8 °F) in January. Summers are very warm, averaging 21.3 °C (70.3 °F) in July. Precipitation is adequate year-round, at an average of 840 millimetres (33.1 in), but the winter months are the driest.
| Climate data for Lyon | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
40.5 (104.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23 (−9) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−24.6 (−12.3) |
−24.6 (−12.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 52.9 (2.083) |
50.5 (1.988) |
54.8 (2.157) |
72.3 (2.846) |
87.7 (3.453) |
80.2 (3.157) |
62.0 (2.441) |
69.0 (2.717) |
88.3 (3.476) |
94.7 (3.728) |
75.1 (2.957) |
55.5 (2.185) |
843.1 (33.193) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 108 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69 | 97 | 172 | 180 | 225 | 232 | 275 | 259 | 187 | 111 | 70 | 55 | 1,932 |
| Source: Météo France[9] | |||||||||||||
Administration[link]
Main article: Arrondissements of Lyon
Lyon is the capital of the Rhône-Alpes région, the préfecture of the Rhône département, and the capital of 14 cantons, covering 1 commune, and with a total population of 480,660.[1]
Like Paris and Marseille, the city of Lyon is divided into a number of municipal arrondissements, each of which is identified by a number and has its own council and town hall. Five arrondissements were originally created in 1852, when three neighbouring communes (La Croix-Rousse, La Guillotière, and Vaise) were annexed by Lyon. Between 1867 and 1959, the 3rd arrondissement (which originally covered the whole of the Left Bank of the Rhône) was split three times, creating a new arrondissement in each case. Then, in 1963, the commune of Saint-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe was annexed to Lyon's 5th arrondissement. A year later, in 1964, the 5th was split to create Lyon's 9th – and, to date, final – arrondissement. Within each arrondissement, there are a number of recognisable quartiers or neighbourhoods:
- 1st arrondissement : Slopes of La Croix-Rousse, Terreaux, Martinière/St-Vincent
- 2nd arrondissement : Cordeliers, Bellecour, Ainay, Perrache, Confluent
- 3rd arrondissement : Guillotière (north), Préfecture, Part-Dieu, Villette, Dauphiné/Sans Souci, Montchat, Grange Blanche (north), Monplaisir (north)
- 4th arrondissement : Plateau de la Croix-Rousse, Serin
- 5th arrondissement : Vieux Lyon (Saint-Paul, Saint-Jean, Saint-Georges), Saint-Just, Saint-Irénée, Fourvière, Point du Jour, Ménival, Battières, Champvert (south)
- 6th arrondissement : Brotteaux, Bellecombe, Parc de la Tête d'Or, Cité Internationale
- 7th arrondissement : Guillotière (south), Jean Macé, Gerland
- 8th arrondissement : Monplaisir (south), Bachut, États-Unis, Grand Trou/Moulin à Vent, Grange Blanche (south), Laënnec, Mermoz, Monplaisir-la-Plaine
- 9th arrondissement : Vaise, Duchère, Rochecardon, St-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe, Gorge de Loup, Observance, Champvert (north)
Geographically, Lyon's two main rivers, the Saône and the Rhône, divide the arrondissements into three groups:
- To the west of the Saône, the 5th arrondissement covers the old city (Vieux Lyon), Fourvière hill and the plateau beyond. The 9th is immediately to the north, and stretches from Gorge de Loup, through Vaise to the neighbouring suburbs of Écully, Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or, Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or and Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or.
- Between the two rivers, on the Presqu'île are the 2nd, 1st and 4th arrondissements. The 2nd includes most of the city centre, including Bellecour and Perrache railway station, and reaches as far as the confluence of the two rivers. The 1st is directly to the north of the 2nd and covers part of the city centre (including the Hôtel de Ville) and the slopes of La Croix-Rousse. To the north of the Boulevard is the 4th arrondissement, which covers the Plateau of La Croix-Rousse, up to its boundary with the commune of Caluire-et-Cuire.
- To the east of the Rhône, are the 3rd, 6th, 7th and 8th arrondissements.
The Urban Community of Lyon, also known as Greater Lyon is the intercommunal structure gathering the city and some of its suburbs. The Urban Community encompasses only the core of the metropolitan area of Lyon.
Culture[link]
| Historic Site of Lyons * | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière on the hill. |
|
| Country | France |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Reference | 872 |
| Region ** | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1998 (22nd Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO |
|
- Since the Middle Ages, the residents of the region, speak several dialects of Arpitan language. The Lyonnais dialect was partly replaced by the French language as the importance of the city grew. However, it is still alive and, in addition, some "frenchified" Franco-Provençal words can also be heard in the French of the Lyonnais, who call their little boys and girls "gones" and "fenottes" for example.[10]
- Lyon was an early centre for printing books, and nurtured a circle of 16th century poets.[citation needed]
- The Lumière brothers pioneered cinema in the town in 1895. The Musée Lumière, built as Auguste Lumiere's house, and a fascinating piece of architecture in its own right, holds many of their first inventions and other early cinematic and photographic artefacts.
- 8 December each year is marked by the Festival of Lights (la Fête des lumières), a celebration of thanks to the Virgin Mary, who purportedly saved the city from a deadly plague in the Middle Ages. During the event, the local population places candles (lumignons) at their windows and the city of Lyon organizes impressive large-scale light shows onto the sides of important Lyonnais monuments, such as the medieval Cathédrale St-Jean.
- The church of Saint Francis of Sales is famous for its large and unaltered Cavaillé-Coll pipe organ, attracting audiences from around the world.
- The Opéra Nouvel (New Opera House) is the home of the Opéra National de Lyon. The original opera house was re-designed by the distinguished French architect, Jean Nouvel between 1985 and 1993 and is named after him.
- Lyon is also the French capital of "trompe l'œil" walls, a very ancient tradition. Many are to be seen around the city. This old tradition is now finding a contemporary expression, for example in the art of Guillaume Bottazzi.[11][12]
- The Brothers of the Sacred Heart, a Roman Catholic congregation that operates schools in Europe and North America, was founded in Lyon in 1821.
- The African Museum of Lyon is one of the oldest museums situated in Lyon.[13]
- The Museum of Resistance and Deportation looks at the various persons prominent in the Resistance movement in World War II. The building is strongly linked to Klaus Barbie. Lyon sees itself as the centre of the French resistance and many members were shot in Place Bellecour in the town centre. The exhibition is largely a series of mini-biographies of those involved.
- The unusual project Lyon Dubai City, a reproduction of some districts of Lyon in Dubai, is a major point for the tourism in Lyon.
- Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.
UNESCO World Heritage Site[link]
The Historic Site of Lyon was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. In their designation, UNESCO cited the "exceptional testimony to the continuity of urban settlement over more than two millennia on a site of great commercial and strategic significance."[14] The specific regions composing the Historic Site include the Roman district and Fourvière, the Renaissance district (Vieux Lyon), the silk district (slopes of Croix-Rousse), and the Presqu'île, which features architecture from the 12th century to modern times.[15] Both Vieux Lyon and the slopes of Croix-Rousse are known for their narrow passageways (named traboules) that pass through buildings and link streets on either side. The first examples of traboules are thought to have been built in Lyon in the 4th century. The traboules allowed the inhabitants to get from their homes to the Saône river quickly and allowed the canuts on the Croix-Rousse hill to get quickly from their workshops to the textile merchants at the foot of the hill.
Gastronomy[link]
For several centuries Lyon has been known as the French capital of gastronomy, due in part to the presence of many of France's finest chefs in the city and its surroundings (e.g. Paul Bocuse). This reputation also comes from the fact that two of France's best known wine-growing regions are located near Lyon: the Beaujolais to the North, and the Côtes du Rhône to the South. Beaujolais wine is very popular in Lyon and remains the most common table wine served with local dishes.
Lyon is the home of very typical and traditional restaurants serving local dishes, and local wines: the bouchons.
The city is famous for its morning snacks formerly had by its silk workers, the mâchons, made up of local charcuterie and usually accompanied by Beaujolais red wine. Traditional local dishes include Rosette lyonnaise and saucisson de Lyon (sausage), andouillette (a sausage of coarsely cut tripe), pistachio sausage, coq au vin, esox (pike) quenelle, gras double (tripe cooked with onions), salade lyonnaise (lettuce with bacon, croutons and a poached egg), marrons glacés, coussin de Lyon and cardoon au gratin.
Cervelle de canut (lit. silk worker's brains) is a cheese spread/dip, a Lyonnais speciality. The dish is a base of fromage blanc, seasoned with chopped herbs, shallots, salt, pepper, olive oil and vinegar.
Sport[link]
Lyon is home to the Ligue 1 football team Olympique Lyonnais, commonly known as "Lyon" or "OL". The team has enjoyed unprecedented success recently, winning seven consecutive national titles and establishing themselves as France's premier football club. The team competes in the prestigious UEFA Champions League and currently plays at the Stade de Gerland, where the Danone Nations Cup is held every year. The team is set to move to a new stadium in Décines-Charpieu (in the eastern suburbs) in 2013, which will hold 61,556 people. Lyon also has a rugby union team, Lyon OU, currently playing in Top 14. In addition, Lyon has a rugby league side: Lyon Villeurbanne Rhône XIII, or LVR XIII,[16] play in the French rugby league championship. The club's current home ground is Stade Georges Lyvet in Villeurbanne. Lyon is also home to the Lyon Hockey Club, an ice hockey team that competes in France's national ice hockey league. Finally, Villeurbanne also has a renowned basketball team, ASVEL, who play at the Astroballe arena in Laurent Bonnevay.
Economy[link]
The GDP of Lyon is 62 billion euro,[17] and the city is the second richest city after Paris. Lyon and its region Rhône-Alpes represent one of the most important economies in Europe and, according to the Loughborough university, can be compared to Philadelphia, Mumbai or Athens concerning its international position. The city of Lyon is working in partnerships to more easily enable the establishment of new headquarters in the territory (ADERLY, Chambre du commerce et d'industrie, Grand Lyon...). According to the ECER-Banque Populaire, Lyon is the 14th favorite city in the European Union concerning the creation of companies and investments. High-tech industries like biotechnology, software development, game design, and internet services are also growing. Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Lyon is home to some of the most dangerous viruses in the world (class 4) in the Jean Merieux laboratory of research, like Ebola, Marburg, Nipah, Hendra, and Lassa.[18]
The city is the headquarters of many companies like Euronews, Lyon Airports, BioMérieux, Sanofi Pasteur, LCL S.A., Cegid Group, Boiron, Infogrames, Groupe SEB, LVL Medical, GL Events, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, and intergovernmental agencies IARC, Interpol. The specialization of some sectors of activities have the consequence of creating several main business centers: La Part-Dieu, located in the 3rd arrondissement is the second biggest business quarter after La Défense in Paris with over 1,600,000 m2 (17,222,256.67 sq ft) of office space and services and more than 40,000 jobs.[19] Cité Internationale, created by the architect Renzo Piano is located in the border of the Parc de la Tête d'Or in the 6th arrondissement. The worldwide headquarters of Interpol is located there. The district of Confluence, in the south of the historic centre, is a new pole of economical and cultural development.
Tourism provides a big boost to the Lyon economy with one billion euros in 2007 and 3.5 million hotel nights in 2006 provided by non-residents. Approximately 60% of tourists visit for business with the rest for leisure. In January 2009 Lyon ranked first in France for hostels business. The festivals most important for attracting tourists are the Fête des lumières, the Nuits de Fourvière every summer, the Biennale d'art contemporain and the Nuits Sonores.
Demographics[link]
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PlotData=
color:barra width:10 align:left bar:1793 from:0 till: 102167 bar:1800 from:0 till: 88919 bar:1806 from:0 till: 102041 bar:1821 from:0 till: 131258 bar:1831 from:0 till: 149733 bar:1836 from:0 till: 150814 bar:1841 from:0 till: 155939 bar:1846 from:0 till: 177976 bar:1851 from:0 till: 177190 bar:1856 from:0 till: 292721 bar:1861 from:0 till: 318803 bar:1866 from:0 till: 323954 bar:1872 from:0 till: 323417 bar:1876 from:0 till: 342815 bar:1881 from:0 till: 376613 bar:1886 from:0 till: 401930 bar:1891 from:0 till: 438077 bar:1896 from:0 till: 466028 bar:1901 from:0 till: 459099 bar:1906 from:0 till: 472114 bar:1911 from:0 till: 523796 bar:1921 from:0 till: 561592 bar:1926 from:0 till: 570840 bar:1931 from:0 till: 579763 bar:1936 from:0 till: 570622 bar:1946 from:0 till: 460748 bar:1954 from:0 till: 471270 bar:1962 from:0 till: 528535 bar:1968 from:0 till: 527800 bar:1975 from:0 till: 456716 bar:1982 from:0 till: 413095 bar:1990 from:0 till: 415487 bar:1999 from:0 till: 445452 bar:2006 from:0 till: 466400 bar:2007 from:0 till: 472330 text:sources Cassini et INSEE
</timeline>
Main sights[link]
Antiquity[link]
- The Roman ruins on the hillside near the Fourviere Basilica with the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, the Odeon of Lyon and the accompanying Gallo-Roman Museum.
- Amphitheatre of the Three Gauls, roman ruins of an amphiteatre.
Middle Ages and Renaissance[link]
.JPG)
- Cathedral of St. John, a medieval church with architectural elements of the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. It is the principal religious structure in the city and the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon.
- Basilica of St-Martin-d'Ainay is one of the rare surviving Romanesque basilica-style churches in Lyon.
- Église Saint-Paul, Romanesque (12 and 13th century) and Gothic (15–16th century) church.
- Église Saint-Bonaventure, 14th- and 15th-century Gothic church.
- Eglise Saint-Nizier, Gothic church from the 15th century. Its doorway was carved in the 16th century by Philibert Delorme.
- Vieux Lyon (English: Old Lyon) area – Medieval and Renaissance quarter of the town, with cobbled streets, shops, and dining.
- The many Renaissance hôtels particuliers of the Old Lyon quarter, such as the Hôtel de Bullioud, also built by Philibert Delorme.
17th and 18th century[link]
- City Hall on the Place des Terreaux, built by architects Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Robert de Cotte.
- Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon, fine arts museum housed in a former convent of the 17th century, including the Baroque chapelle Saint-Pierre.
- Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon (17th and 18th century), historical hospital with a baroque chapel.
- Temple du Change (17th and 18th century), former stock exchange of Lyon, Protestant temple since the 18th century.
- Place Bellecour, one of the largest town squares in Europe.
- Chapelle de la Trinité (1622), the first Baroque chapel built in Lyon, it was part of the former École de la Trinité, now Collège-lycée Ampère.
- Église Saint-Polycarpe (1665–1670), Classical church.
- Église Saint-Just (16th to 18th century), Classical church.
- Saint-Bruno des Chartreux (17th and 18th century), church, masterpiece of Baroque architecture.
- Église Notre Dame Saint-Vincent (18th century), Neoclassical church.
19th century and modern city[link]
- Opéra National de Lyon (1831), renovated in 1993 by Jean Nouvel.
- Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, large 19th century basilica on the top of Fourvière Hill.
- Tour métallique de Fourvière (1894).
- La Mouche Cattle Market and Abbatoir (1914, 1928), designed by Tony Garnier.
- Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery (1960) designed by Le Corbusier
- Saint-Exupéry International Airport (formerly Satolas Airport), designed by Guillaume Gilbert.
- Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1994) by Santiago Calatrava.
- Palais des congrès de Lyon (1998), designed by Renzo Piano is a group of buildings for various functions.
- Tour du Crédit Lyonnais
- Tour Oxygène
- Tour Incity
Museums[link]
- Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon (Fine Arts Museum), main museum of the city and one of the largest art galleries in France. Housed in the "Palais Saint Pierre", a former 17th century convent, it displays a major collection of paintings (Tintoretto, Paolo Veronese, Nicolas Poussin, Rubens, Rembrandt, Zurbaran, Canaletto, Delacroix, Monet, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Cézanne, Matisse, Picasso, Francis Bacon...), collections of sculptures, drawings and printings, decorative arts, roman and Greek antiquities, the second largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in France after that of the Louvre and a medal cabinet of 50 000 medals and coins.
- The Gallo-Roman Museum displays many valuable objects and artworks found on the site of Roman Lyon (Lugdunum) such as Circus Games Mosaic, Coligny calendar and the Taurobolic Altar.
- African Museum of Lyon
- Centre d'histoire de la résistance et de la déportation
- Musée des Confluences, planned future museum of Sciences and anthropology.
- La Sucrière, contemporary art center.
- Musée des Tissus et des Arts Décoratifs, decorative arts museum.
- Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, contemporary art museum.
- Musée Gadagne, museum of the history of Lyon housed in a historic building in Vieux Lyon.
Parks and gardens[link]
- Parc de la Tête d'Or, (literally, Golden Head Park), in central Lyon is the largest urban park in France at 117 hectares. Located in the 6th arrondissement, it features a large lake on which boating takes place during the summer months. Due to the relatively small number of other parks in Lyon, it receives a huge number of visitors over summer, and is a frequent destination for joggers and cyclists. At the northern end of the park, there is a small zoo, with giraffes, elephants, tigers and other animals. There is also sporting equipment, such as a velodrome, boules court, mini-golf, horse riding, and even a miniature train.
- Jardin botanique de Lyon (8 hectares), included in the Parc de la Tête d'Or, is a municipal botanical garden. It is open weekdays without charge. The garden was established in 1857 as a successor to earlier botanical gardens dating to 1796, and now describes itself as France's largest municipal botanical garden. Today it contains about 15,000 plants, including 3500 plants of temperate regions, 760 species of shrubs, a hundred species of wild roses, 750 varieties of historical roses, 200 varieties of peonies recognized by the Conservatoire Français des Collections Végétales Spécialisées, 1800 species of alpine plants, 50 varieties of water lilies, and 6,000 species in its greenhouses. The garden's greenhouses enclose a total of 6,500 m2 (69,965.42 sq ft) in area, and include a central pavilion for tropical plants including camellias over a hundred years old; a greenhouse-aquarium with Amazonian water lilies; a Dutch greenhouse containing carnivorous plants; small greenhouses with orchids; and small cold greenhouses with azaleas, cactus, and so forth.
- Parc de Gerland, in the south of the city (80 hectares).
- Parc des hauteurs, in Fourvières.
- Parc de Miribel-Jonage (300 hectares).
- Parc de Lacroix-Laval (115 hectares).
- Parc de Parilly (178 hectares).
Education[link]
- École Centrale de Lyon
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- EM Lyon (École de Management de Lyon)
- ECE Lyon (École de Commerce Européenne de Lyon)
- Institut d'études politiques de Lyon
- CPE Lyon
- ECAM Lyon (École Catholique d'Arts et Métiers de Lyon)
- École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
- ENTPE (École Nationale des Travaux Publiques de l'État)
- ESME-Sudria
- École des Beaux-Arts
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (located in Villeurbanne)
- ISTIL (Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur de Lyon) (located in Villeurbanne)
- Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
- ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes)
- Institution des Chartreux
- Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1)
- Université Lumière (Lyon 2)
- Université Jean Moulin (Lyon 3)
- IAE (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises de Lyon)
- Catholic University of Lyon
- ESDES Business School
- IDRAC (International School of Management)
- Wesford Graduate Business School
- IFAG (Business Management School)
- Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action
- Le Lycée du Parc
- La Martiniere Lyon
- CEESO (Centre Européen d'Enseignement Supérieur de l'Ostéopathie)
- Bellecour, Ecoles D'Arts
There are some international private schools in Lyon, including:
- Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon
- Ombrosa
- International School of Lyon
- Montessori School of Lyon
Transport[link]
Further information: Lyon Metro, Tramways in Lyon, Trolleybuses in Lyon, Buses in Lyon, Transports in Rhône-Alpes and TER Rhône Alpes
Saint-Exupéry International Airport, located east of Lyon, serves as a base for domestic and international flights. It is an important transport facility for the entire Rhône-Alpes region. Coach links connect the airport with other towns in the area including Chambéry and Grenoble. With its in-house train station (Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry) the airport is also connected to the TGV network. Since August 2010 the new Rhônexpress tram links the international airport with the business quarter of La Part Dieu in less than 30 minutes, it can reach up to 100 km/hour and offers connections with Underground A&B, Tramway T1,T2 & T3, and many bus lines. The Lyon-Bron Airport is a smaller airport dedicated to General Aviation (both private and commercial). Having helipads, the facility hosts a Gendarmerie and a Sécurité Civile (civilian defence) Base.
Lyon has two major railway stations: Lyon Part-Dieu, which was built to accommodate the TGV and has become the principal railway station for extra-regional trains; and Lyon Perrache, which is an older station that now primarily serves regional rail services. In practice, many trains, including TGVs, serve both stations. Smaller railway stations include Gorge-de-Loup, Vaise, Vénissieux, Saint-Paul and Jean Macé. Lyon is connected to the north (Lille, Paris, Brussels, and in the future Amsterdam) and the south (Marseille, Montpellier, and in the future Barcelona, Turin) by the TGV. It was the first city to be connected to Paris by the TGV in 1981.
The city is at the heart of a dense road network and is located at the meeting point of several highways: A6 (to Paris), A7 (to Marseille), A42 (to Geneve), A43 (to Grenoble). The city is now bypassed by the A46. A double motorway tunnel passes under Fourvière, connecting the A6 and the A7 autoroutes, both forming the "Autoroute du Soleil". Prior to the construction of the bypass by the east, the tunnel was famous for its traffic jams, since traffic between northern and southern France, as well as from neighboring countries and local traffic all wanted to cross, Lyon being virtually the only low passage between the Alps and the Massif Central (extinct) volcano range. Lyon is served by the Eurolines intercity coach organisation. Its Lyon terminal is located at the city's Perrache railway station, which serves as an intermodal transportation hub that also includes tramways, local and regional trains and buses, the terminus of metro line A, the bicycle service Vélo'v, and taxis.
The TCL (for Transports en Commun Lyonnais), Lyon's all-four public transit system, consisting of metro, tramways and buses, serves 62 communes of the Lyon agglomeration. The metro network has 4 lines ( A B C D), 39 stations and runs with a frequency of up to a train every 2 minutes. There are 4 Lyon tram lines ( T1 T2 T3 T4) since April 2009: T1 from Montrochet in the south to IUT-Feyssine in the north, Tram T2 from Perrache railway station in the southwest to Saint-Priest in the southeast, Tram T3 from Part-Dieu to Meyzieu, and Tram T4 from Mendès-France to Feyzin. The Lyon bus network consists of the Lyon trolleybus system, motorbuses, and coaches for areas outside the centre. There are also two funicular lines from Vieux Lyon to Saint-Just and Fourvière.
The ticketing system is quite simple right now, knowing that the city only has one operator for public transport, the SYTRAL (TCL is the brand name used for the transport, it stands for Transport en Commun Lyonnais (Lyon Common Transport)).
In 2008, an 'RER' (commuter rail) project was started. It has the objective of linking Lyon with the surrounding cities which are growing fast. It should have a total of 8 lines and will replace the actual TER lines operated by the SNCF (National French Railway Network). It was planned to be fully finished by 2010.
The public transit system has been complemented since 2005 by Vélo'v, a bicycle network providing a low cost and convenient bicycle hire service where bicycles can be hired and dropped off at any of 340 stations throughout the city of Lyon and Villeurbane, Lyon was the first city in France to introduce this bicycle renting system. Borrowing a bicycle for less than 30 minutes is free. In 2011 the Auto'lib car renting service was introduced, it works exactly like the Velo'v but for cars.
Notable residents[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
- Louise Labé famous Renaissance female poet
- Frederique Bangue, athlete
- Claudius (10 BC – AD 54), Roman emperor
- Caracalla (188–217), Roman emperor
- Irenaeus (2nd century AD – 202), Bishop and
- André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), physicist and mathematician
- Raymond Barre, French politician
- Azouz Begag, writer and politician
- Paul Bocuse (born 1926), prominent chef (received the "Chef of the Century" award)
- Gérard Collomb, politician and current mayor of Lyon
- Clovis Cornillac, actor
- Natalie Dessay, opera singer
- Youri Djorkaeff, footballer
- Liane Foly, singer, humorist and actress
- Éric Guirado, film director and writer
- Maurice Jarre, musician (famous for his movie soundtracks)
- Jean Michel Jarre musician (son of Maurice Jarre, above)
- Allan Kardec, spiritist
- Katsuni, pornographic actress
- Jérôme Kerviel, trader
- Alexandre Lacassagne, criminologist
- Edmond Locard, pioneer in forensic science
- Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of cinematograph
- André Manoukian, musician
- Jean-Baptiste Maunier, actor
- Jean Moulin heroe and leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War
- Emile Ntamack, rugby player
- Abbé Pierre, priest and philanthrop
- Juliette Récamier, famous XIXe century society leader, intellectual and "muse"
- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, writer and pioneer of aviation
- Jean-Baptiste Say, economist
- Louis Gabriel Suchet, marshal of France, one of Napoleon's grestest generals
- Bertrand Tavernier, film director
- Seyhan Kurt,poet,writer
- Sylvie Testud, actress
- Florence Foresti, humorist
Movies in Lyon[link]
- 1895: 14 vues Lumière filmées à Lyon entre 1895 et 1900 by Auguste and Louis Lumière
- 1929: The Kiss, (Le Baiser) by Jacques Feyder with Greta Garbo
- 1938: Le Petit Chose by Maurice Cloche with Arletty, Robert Lynen
- 1945: 120 rue de la Gare by Jacques Daniel-Norman with René Dary, Sophie Desmarets
- 1946: Un revenant by Christian-Jaque with Louis Jouvet, Gaby Morlay, François Périer, Marguerite Moreno, Ludmilla Tchérina
- 1949: La Cage aux filles by Maurice Cloche with Danièle Delorme, Noël Roquevert
- 1950: Cœur sur mer by Jacques Daniel-Norman
- 1952: Les Dents longues by Daniel Gélin with Daniel Gélin, Danièle Delorme, Louis de Funès
- 1953: Thérèse Raquin by Marcel Carné, with Simone Signoret, Raf Vallone, Jacques Duby
- 1956: Un condamné à mort s'est échappé by Robert Bresson
- 1956: Crime et Châtiment by Georges Lampin with Jean Gabin, Robert Hossein, Marina Vlady, Bernard Blier, Gaby Morlay, Lino Ventura
- 1964: L'Insoumis by Alain Cavalier with Alain Delon, Léa Massari
- 1966: Le Voyage du père by Denys de La Patellière with Fernandel, Lilli Palmer, Laurent Terzieff, Madeleine Robinson, Michel Auclair, Philippe Noiret
- 1969: La Sirène du Mississipi by François Truffaut with Jean-Paul Belmondo, Catherine Deneuve
- 1969: L'Armée des ombres by Jean-Pierre Melville with Lino Ventura, Simone Signoret, Paul Meurisse, Jean-Pierre Cassel
- 1974: L'Horloger de Saint-Paul by Bertrand Tavernier with Philippe Noiret, Jean Rochefort
- 1975: Verdict by André Cayatte with Jean Gabin, Sophia Loren
- 1975: La Chair de l'orchidée by Patrice Chéreau with Charlotte Rampling, Edwige Feuillère, Bruno Cremer, Simone Signoret, Alida Valli
- 1980: Une semaine de vacances by Bertrand Tavernier, with Nathalie Baye, Gérard Lanvin, Michel Galabru
- 1981: Le Voyage à Lyon by Claudia von Aleman
- 1982: Coup de foudre by Diane Kurys with Miou-Miou, Isabelle Huppert, Guy Marchand
- 1985: Parole de flic by José Pinheiro, with Alain Delon, Jacques Perrin
- 1993: Un crime by Jacques Deray, with Alain Delon
- 1994: Lucie Aubrac by Claude Berri with Carole Bouquet, Daniel Auteuil
- 1996: Les Voleurs by André Téchiné
- 1998: Le Gone du Chaâba by Christophe Ruggia, from the book by Azouz Begag
- 2000: Lyon police spéciale by Bertrand Arthuys
- 2000: Tout va bien, on s'en va by Claude Mouriéras
- 2000: Une affaire de goût by Bernard Rapp with Bernard Giraudeau
- 2002: Inventaire filmé des rues de la Croix-Rousse à Lyon by Gérard Courant
- 2002: Quand tu descendras du ciel by Éric Guirado
- 2003: Le Coût de la vie by Philippe Le Guay
- 2004: Vaada by Satish Kaushik, film by Bollywood
- 2005: Destination Fourvière by Gérard Courant
- 2007: Après Lui by Gaël Morel
- 2007: Détrompez-vous by Bruno Dega
- 2007: J'veux pas que tu t'en ailles by Bernard Jeanjean
- 2007: La Fille coupée en deux by Claude Chabrol
- 2008: Les Liens du sang by Jacques Maillot
- 2009: The International by Tom Tykwer
- 2009: Je te mangerais by Sophie Laloy
- 2011: Les Lyonnais by Olivier Marchal
- 2011: Les Adoptés by Melanie Laurent
International relations[link]
- Lyon is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.[20]
Twin towns – Sister cities[link]
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Obtaining official documents in Lyon - Préfecture de Lyon[link]
The Préfecture de Lyon [34] which is in charge of delivering official documents for foreigners (carte de residence), has since the early 2000s been completely overwhelmed by the demand: people have to queue from midnight in the hope to obtain a ticket at 9:00 when the prefecture office opens,[35] even for formalities that are, by law, automatic, such as a resident card renewal. As this constraint has never been mentioned on any of the official documents or web pages, it probably violates the French regulation about public service[citation needed].
Gallery[link]
The lion is a common sight in Lyon :
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A lion door knocker in Lyon
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The lion at Maison des Avocats
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A real lion in the Parc de la Tête d'Or
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The lion on the seal of Lyon
.svg)
Other images :
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City Hall towering over the Place des Terreaux
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the théâtre des Célestins.
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The théâtre gallo-romain.
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Mullioned windows, Renaissance house, climb the Great Coast
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Maison des avocats in the Vieux Lyon
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The Tour Rose in the Vieux Lyon
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Belltower of Charity
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Faculties and the University Bridge
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The Rhône, Pont Lafayette
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The business district of la Part-Dieu
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The Cité Internationale of Lyon
See also[link]
Notes[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Populations légales 2007 de la commune de Lyon". INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2007&depcom=69123. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "Résultat du rencensement de 2007. Unité urbaine : Lyon". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=LYON&codeZone=00757-UU1999&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "Résultat du rencensement de 2007. Aire urbaine : Lyon". INSEE. http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=LYON&codeZone=002-AU1999&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "Chiffres-clés de la population". Région urbaine de lyon. http://www.regionurbainedelyon.fr/. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
- ^ "Lyon entrepreneurship, Lyon company, Invest Lyon – Greater Lyon". Business.greaterlyon.com. http://www.business.greaterlyon.com/city-business-support-lyon-entrepreneurship-system.85.0.html?&L=1. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Innovation Cities Top 100 Index, 2010". Innovation Cities Program. 1 September 2010. http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-top-100-index-top-cities/. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ Pierre Edmond DESVIGNES. "Quartier renaissance Lyon : Vieux Lyon, quartier ancien et secteur sauvegarde Lyon". Vieux-lyon.org. http://www.vieux-lyon.org/lyon-epoque-renaissance_f01150.htm. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ "Prévisions météo de Météo-France". Météo France. http://climat.meteofrance.com/chgt_climat2/climat_france/?CLIMAT_PORTLET.path=climatstation%2F69029001. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- ^ Jean-Baptiste Onofrio : Essai d'un glossaire des patois de Lyonnais, Forez et Beaujolais, Lyon 1864
- ^ "Pierre Alain Muet Archives 2008". Pa-muet.com. 17 June 2008. http://pa-muet.com/archives.htm. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
- ^ "Bottazzi fait le mur". Brefonline.Com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071125163711/http://www.brefonline.com/numeroERA_affichearticle.asp?idA=3262. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
- ^ "The African Museum of Lyon Website". Musee-africain-lyon.org. http://www.musee-africain-lyon.org/. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
- ^ Entry on Historic Site of Lyons UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Site. City of Lyon official website. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ Le site de Lyon Villeurbanne Rhône à XIII – LVR XIII[dead link]
- ^ www.lyon-business.org. "Chiffres-clés Lyon & sa région" (in french). http://www.opale-lyon.com/content/medias/pdf/000051.pdf.
- ^ "Le laboratoire P4, ménagerie virale". Le Monde. France. http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2009/06/05/le-laboratoire-p4-menagerie-virale_1202866_3244.html. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ "Official site of Lyon". Grandlyon.com. http://www.grandlyon.com/La-Part-Dieu.2315.0.html. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ Council of Europe (2011 [last update]). "Intercultural city: Lyon, France". coe.int. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/culture/Cities/lyon_en.asp. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". 2008 Mairie de Lyon. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
- ^ "Twinning the Cities". City of Beirut. http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#. Retrieved 17 March 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Partner Cities". Birmingham City Council. http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/twins. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
- ^ "Sister Cities of Guangzhou". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Frankfurt -Partner Cities". 2008 Stadt Frankfurt am Main. http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- ^ "Leipzig – International Relations". © 2009 Leipzig City Council, Office for European and International Affairs. http://www.leipzig.de/int/en/int_messen/partnerstaedte/. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
- ^ "Official Yokohama City Tourism Website: Sister Cities". Yokohama Convention & Visitors Bureau. http://www.welcome.city.yokohama.jp/eng/tourism/mame/a3000.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- ^ "Twin Cities". The City of _Łódź_ Office.
(English) and (Polish) © 2007 UM_. http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029. Retrieved 23 October 2008. - ^ "Yerevan Municipality – Sister Cities". © 2005–2009 www.yerevan.am. http://yerevan.am/main.php?lang=3&page_id=194. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ "Milano – Città Gemellate". 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). http://www.comune.milano.it/portale/wps/portal/CDM?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/ContentLibrary/In%20Comune/In%20Comune/Citt%20Gemellate. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- ^ "Twin towns of Minsk". 2008 The department of protocol and international relations of Minsk City Executive Committee. http://minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/org_ps.pl?k_org=3604&mode=doc&doc=3604_2_a&lang=eng. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ "Montreal partner city". Lyon.fr. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
- ^ "Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties". Saint Petersburg City Government. http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
- ^ "Les services de l'Etat dans le Rhône : Séjour et travail des étrangers". Rhone.gouv.fr. http://www.rhone.gouv.fr/web/12-sejour-et-travail-des-etrangers.php. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ "Rhône | L’interminable attente des étrangers à la préfecture du Rhône - Le Progrès". Leprogres.fr. http://www.leprogres.fr/rhone/2011/04/03/l-interminable-attente-des-etrangers-a-la-prefecture-du-rhone. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lyon |
- Lyon Culture Land, the cultural guide of the French culture in Lyon
- City of Lyon official website
- Lyon travel guide from Wikitravel
- Lyon public transport company[dead link], including maps and timetables
- Official tourist office site
- Greater Lyon business official website
- Grand Lyon website (in French)
- A selection of 50 very representative photos of Lyon
- 'A Taste of Rome in France,' Travelogue in Sunday MidDay (India) by Arjun Razdan, 25-09-2011
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http://wn.com/Lyon
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Raymond Barre | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Prime Minister of France | |
| In office 26 August 1976 – 22 May 1981 |
|
| President | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing |
| Preceded by | Jacques Chirac |
| Succeeded by | Pierre Mauroy |
| Mayor of Lyon | |
| In office 1995–2001 |
|
| Preceded by | Michel Noir |
| Succeeded by | Gérard Collomb |
| 2nd European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs | |
| In office 7 February 1967 – 5 January 1973 |
|
| Preceded by | Robert Marjolin |
| Succeeded by | Wilhelm Haferkamp |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1924-04-12)12 April 1924 Saint-Denis, Réunion |
| Died | 25 August 2007(2007-08-25) (aged 83) Paris |
| Political party | close to RI −1978- UDF |
| Profession | Economist |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (French pronunciation: [ʁɛmɔ̃ baʁ]; 12 April 1924 – 25 August 2007) was a French centre-right politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three Presidents (Rey, Malfatti and Mansholt) and later served as Prime Minister under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981. As a candidate for the presidency in 1988, he came in third and was eliminated in the first round. He was born in Saint-Denis, in the French island of Réunion, then still a colony (it became an overseas department in 1946).
Contents |
Career[link]
Professional life[link]
After his education, Raymond Barre was professor of economics at Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po).
From 1959 to 1962, he was director of Jean-Marcel Jeanneney's staff, in the ministry of Industry and Trade. Then, in 1967, President Charles de Gaulle chose him as vice-president of the European Commission for Economic & Financial Affairs. He stayed in Brussels until January 1973, serving in the Rey, Malfatti and Mansholt Commissions. Having come back to France, he joined the cabinet as minister of the External Trade in January 1976.
Premiership[link]
Seven months later, while mostly unknown at that time, President Giscard d'Estaing appointed him Prime minister and Minister of Economy and Finance. He presented him to the French people as "the best economist in France" (French: meilleur économiste de France). Under the Fifth Republic, he was the only person to hold these two offices at the same time. He left the ministry of Economy and Finance in 1978, but stayed as Prime minister until the defeat of Giscard d'Estaing at the 1981 presidential election.
At the head of the cabinet, he was faced with the conflict which divided the parliamentary majority between the "Giscardians" and the neo-Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR) led by his predecessor Jacques Chirac. The right majority unexpectedly won the 1978 legislative election.
Barre was also confronted with an economic crisis. He advocated a strict policy to cut inflation and public spending, and the industrial "restructuring" ("Barre Plans"). In the face of trade union opposition, he did not use diplomatic language, mocking "the bearers of banners" (French: les porteurs de pancartes) and he exhorted "instead of grousing, you should work hard".
Post-premiership[link]
After his departure from the head of the cabinet, he was elected deputy of Rhône département under the label of the Union for French Democracy (UDF). He held his parliamentary seat until 2002.
In the 1980s, he competed for the leadership of the right against Chirac. Believing that the "cohabitation" was incompatible with the "Fifth Republic", he let Chirac take the lead of the cabinet after the 1986 legislative election. He ran as UDF candidate for president in the 1988 election, but some components of his party supported covertly the other right-wing candidate, the Neo-Gaullist Prime Minister Jacques Chirac. In this, in spite of positive polls at the beginning of the campaign, he came the third behind the two protagonists of the "cohabitation": the Socialist President François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac. For the second round, he called his voters to transfer to the RPR candidate, who was finally defeated.
After the failure of his presidential candidacy, he focused on his local tenures, in Lyon. In 1995, the RPR Mayor of Lyon Michel Noir could not compete for another term in due to a judicial indictment, and consequently, Barre was the right-wing candidate to the mayoralty. He was elected but he did not run for a second term in 2001. One year later, he finished his last parliamentary term in the French National Assembly and he retired from politics.
Raymond Barre was probably the only French politician to have reached such high levels of responsibilities without having ever been an official member or leader of any political party. He always kept some distance with what he considered to be the political "microcosm".
Raymond Barre died on 25 August 2007 at age 83 at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris,[1] where he was taken care for heart problems since his transfer from a hospital in Monaco on 11 April 2007.[2]
Political career[link]
Governmental functions
Prime minister : 1976–1981.
Minister of Economy and Finance : 1976–1978.
Minister of Foreign Trade : January–August 1976.
Electoral mandates
National Assembly of France
Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône (department) : 1981–2002. Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988, 1993, 1997.
Municipal Council
Mayor of Lyon : 1995–2001.
Municipal councillor of Lyon : 1995–2001.
Urban community Council
President of the Urban Community of Lyon : 1995–2001.
Member of the Urban Community of Lyon : 1995–2001.
Allegations of Anti-Semitism[link]
On several occasions, Raymond Barre made remarks that were interpreted as anti-Semitic, or at least supportive of anti-Semitism. In 1980, when he was prime minister, a bombing was attempted against a synagogue in the rue Copernic, in Paris; however the bomb detonated in the street when the Jews attending shabbat were inside the synagogue, and not when they were out; but as a result some non-Jewish bystanders were killed. Raymond Barre then famously denounced:
- "A hateful attack which wanted to strike at the Jews who were in that synagogue, and which [instead] struck innocent French people who were crossing the street."[3]
A controversy erupted because Raymond Barre's sentence seemed to imply that the Jews inside the synagogue were neither completely innocent, or were not French.
On 5 February 2005, Raymond Barre spoke about Bruno Gollnisch, one of the leaders of the controversial Front National party (widely considered to be far-right):
- "Gollnisch is a likeable person, he gets sometimes carried away by outrageous speech, but he's a good person."[4]
Later, Barre was criticized for defending the collaborationist Maurice Papon at his trial. He issued the following statement to his accusers:
" I am and have always been on the side of the Holocaust's survivors to condemn barbary and its accomplices."[1]
Governments[link]
Barre's First Government, 27 August 1976 – 30 March 1977[link]
- Raymond Barre – Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance
- Louis de Guiringaud – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Yvon Bourges – Minister of Defense
- Michel Poniatowski – Minister of the Interior
- Michel d'Ornano – Minister of Industry and Research
- Christian Beullac – Minister of Labour
- Olivier Guichard – Minister of Justice
- René Haby – Minister of Education
- Christian Bonnet – Minister of Agriculture
- Jean-Pierre Fourcade – Minister of Equipment
- Robert Boulin – Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Simone Veil – Minister of Health
- Robert Galley – Minister of Cooperation
- Pierre Brousse – Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry
- André Rossi – Minister of External Commerce
- Vincent Ansquer – Minister of Quality of Life
- Jean Lecanuet – Minister of Planning
Barre's Second Government, 30 March 1977 – 5 April 1978[link]
- Raymond Barre – Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance
- Louis de Guiringaud – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Yvon Bourges – Minister of Defense
- Christian Bonnet – Minister of the Interior
- René Monory – Minister of Industry, Commerce, and Craft Industry
- Christian Beullac – Minister of Labour
- Alain Peyrefitte – Minister of Justice
- René Haby – Minister of Education
- Michel d'Ornano – Minister of Culture and Environment
- Pierre Méhaignerie – Minister of Agriculture
- Jean-Pierre Fourcade – Minister of Equipment and Regional Planning
- Simone Veil – Minister of Health and Social Security
- Robert Galley – Minister of Cooperation
- André Rossi – Minister of External Commerce
Changes
- 26 September 1977 – Fernand Icart succeeds Fourcade as Minister of Equipment and Regional Planning.
Barre's Third Government, 5 April 1978 – 22 May 1981[link]
- Raymond Barre – Prime Minister
- Louis de Guiringaud – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Yvon Bourges – Minister of Defense
- Christian Bonnet – Minister of the Interior
- René Monory – Minister of Economy
- Maurice Papon – Minister of Budget
- André Giraud – Minister of Industry
- Robert Boulin – Minister of Labour and Participation
- Alain Peyrefitte – Minister of Justice
- Christian Beullac – Minister of Education
- Alice Saunier-Seïté – Minister of Universities
- Jean-Philippe Lecat – Minister of Culture and Communication
- Pierre Méhaignerie – Minister of Agriculture
- Michel d'Ornano – Minister of Environment and Quality of Life
- Jean-Pierre Soisson – Minister of Youth, Sports, and Leisure
- Fernand Icart – Minister of Equipment and Regional Planning
- Joël Le Theule – Minister of Transport
- Simone Veil – Minister of Health and Family
- Robert Galley – Minister of Cooperation
- Jacques Barrot – Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry
- Jean-François Deniau – Minister of External Commerce
Changes
- 29 November 1978 – Jean François-Poncet succeeds Guiringaud as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
- 4 July 1979 – Jacques Barrot succeeds Veil as Minister of Health and Social Security. Maurice Charretier succeeds Barrot as Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry.
- 29 October 1979 – Jean Mattéoli succeeds Boulin as Minister of Labour and Participation.
- 2 October 1980 – Joël Le Theule succeeds Bourges as Minister of Defense. Daniel Hoeffel succeeds Le Theule as Minister of Transport. Michel Cointat succeeds Deniau as Minister of External Commerce.
- 22 December 1980 – Robert Galley succeeds Le Theule (d.14 December) as Minister of Defense.
- 4 March 1981 – Michel d'Ornano succeeds Lecat as Minister of Culture. No one succeeds Lecat as Minister of Communication.
Retirement[link]
Barre retired from active politics in June 2002. He was being treated at a hospital for a heart condition since April 2007 when he died on 25 August 2007. He was survived by his wife and two sons.[5]
References[link]
- ^ BBC NEWS, French ex-PM Raymond Barre dies
- ^ LeMonde.fr with AFP, 11 April 2007
- ^ TF1, late evening news, 3 October 1980
- ^ France Info, Questions d'info, 5 February 2005
- ^ BBC NEWS | Europe | French ex-PM Raymond Barre dies
External links[link]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by — |
Minister of External Commerce 1976 |
Succeeded by André Rossi |
| Preceded by Jacques Chirac |
Prime Minister of France 1976–1981 |
Succeeded by Pierre Mauroy |
| Preceded by Jean-Pierre-Fourcade |
Minister of the Economy and Finance 1976–1978 |
Succeeded by René Monory |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing |
Union for French Democracy Presidential candidate 1988 (lost) |
Succeeded by François Bayrou (2002) |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Barre, Raymond |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 12 April 1924 |
| Place of birth | Saint-Denis, Réunion |
| Date of death | 25 August 2007 |
| Place of death | Paris |
http://wn.com/Raymond_Barre
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Barre
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Benjamin Biolay | |
|---|---|
 Benjamin Biolay at a concert in Thonex, Switzerland in 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | (1973-01-20) 20 January 1973 (age 39) |
| Origin | France |
| Labels | Virgin Records Naïve Records |
| Website | www.benjaminbiolay.com |
Benjamin Biolay (French pronunciation: [bɛ̃.ʒa.mɛ̃ bjo.lɛ]; born 20 January 1973 in Villefranche-sur-Saône, Rhône) is a French singer, songwriter, musician, actor and record producer. He is the brother of singer Coralie Clément, whose two albums he wrote and produced, and the ex-husband of Chiara Mastroianni, the daughter of Catherine Deneuve and Marcello Mastroianni.
His low-key vocal style is somewhat similar to French pop star Étienne Daho. With the singer Keren Ann, whose first two albums he co-wrote and produced, he contributed several songs to Chambre avec Vue, the successful comeback album of singer Henri Salvador, and has since worked as a writer, arranger or producer for other icons of French music, including Juliette Gréco, Julien Clerc and Françoise Hardy.
He wrote or performed most of the songs on the 2004 soundtrack to Clara et Moi by Arnaud Viard, and released the album Home with his wife the same year. After two more rock oriented albums in 2005 and 2007 he was dropped by his record company and began working on his first independent release, La Superbe, released on Naïve records in 2009.
Contents |
Discography[link]
Solo[link]
- 2001 Rose Kennedy
- 2001 Benjamin Biolay Remix EP
- 2003 Négatif
- 2004 Clara et Moi (Original Soundtrack)
- 2005 À l'origine
- 2007 Trash Yéyé
- 2009 La Superbe
- 2011 Pourquoi Tu Pleures ?
with Chiara Mastroianni[link]
- 2004 Home
External links[link]
- Official website (in French) (in English)
- Official MySpace
- Benjamin Biolay discography
- Benjamin Biolay at the Internet Movie Database
- les insulaires ¤ non official message board (in french)
- Review of 'La Superbe' (English)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Biolay, Benjamin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 20 January 1973 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This article about a French musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Biolay
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Biolay
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Lyon - Pinback
I'm headed to the ditch
To take my fifteenth leap
Gonna be out of touch
Once I carry our legs
Backward sweeps the tide
I'd take you to the bridge
But the bridge has seen better days.
I'd take you out to the park.
We don't know who's working there tonight.
Pave the way for the Manta-Ray
Pave the way for the Manta-Ray
I wish that you were here
We'd have a tea party to celebrate
Drive a cop car into the lake
Hold our breath for two long boring days
(Pave) Sometimes wish (the) there was
(way) a slide out (for the) my window.
(Manta-Ray)
Sometimes wish there was a flume ride at Wonderland.
(Pave) That way, (the) no one's gonna
(way) steal your (for the) wallet
(Manta-Ray)
Buried in the sand under your blanket.
(Pave) Sometimes wish (the) there was
(way) a slide out (for the) my window.
(Manta-Ray)
Sometimes wish there was a flume ride at Wonderland.
(Pave) That way, (the) no one's gonna
(way) steal your (for the) wallet
(Manta-Ray)
Buried in the sand under your blanket.
(Move her out of that)
(Move her out of that)
(Move her out of that) hot burning sun.
(Move her out of that)
And (move) I'll take you, (her out)
take you with me (hot burning sun)
to the deep end.
