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Kumbh Mela
2001 Kumbh Mela at Allahabad
Official name	Kumbh Mela, Maha Kumbha Mela
Observed by	Hindus
Type	Hinduism

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The Triveni Sangam, or the intersection of Yamuna River and Ganges River and the mythical Sarasvati River, where devotees perform rituals.

Kumbh Mela (Devanagari: कुम्भ मेला) is a mass Hindu pilgrimage in which Hindus gather at the Ganges and river Godavari, where bathing for purification from sin is considered especially efficacious.^[1]

The Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela is celebrated every six years at Haridwar and Allahabad, the Purna (complete) Kumbh takes place every twelve years,^[2] at four places Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik. The Maha (great) Kumbh Mela which comes after 12 'Purna Kumbh Melas', or 144 years, is held at Allahabad.^[2][3]

According to the Mela Administration's estimates, around 70 million people participated in the 45-day Ardh Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, in 2007.^[4]

The previous Maha Kumbh Mela, held in 2001, was, before it occurred, estimated by the authorities to attract between 30 and 70 million people.^[5][6][7][8]

Timing[link]

Kumbh Mela is celebrated at different locations depending on the position of the planet of Bṛhaspati (Jupiter) and the sun. When Jupiter and the sun are in the zodiac sign Leo (Singh Rashi) it is held in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik; when the sun is in Aries (Mesha Rashi) it is celebrated at Haridwar; when Jupiter is in Taurus (Vrishabha Rashi ) and the sun is in Capricorn (Makar Rashi) Kumbha Mela is celebrated at Prayag; and Jupiter and the sun are in Scorpio (Vrishchik Rashi) the Mela is celebrated at Ujjain.^[9][10] Each site's celebration dates are calculated in advance according to a special combination of zodiacal positions of Sun, Moon, and Jupiter.^[11]

History[link]

The first written evidence of the Kumbha Mela can be found in the accounts of Chinese traveler, Huan Tsang or Xuanzang (602 - 664 A.D.) who visited India in 629 -645 CE, during the reign of King Harshavardhana.^[12][13] However, the observance dates back many centuries to ancient India's Vedic period, where the river festivals first started getting organised. In Hindu mythology, its origin is found in one of the most popular puranas, the Bhagavata Purana. The Samudra manthan episode (Churning of the ocean of milk), is mentioned in the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, the Mahabharata, and the Ramayana.^[14]

The account goes that the demigods had lost their strength by the curse of Durväsä Muni, and to regain it, they approach Lord Bhrama and Lord Shiva than they directed all demigods to Supreme Personalty of Godhead Lord Visnu^[15] full stroy read this and after praying to Lord Visnu, He instructed them for churning ocean of milk Ksheera Sagara (primordial ocean of milk) for amrita (the nectar of immortality). This required them to make a temporary agreement with their arch enemies, the demons or Asuras, to work together with a promise of sharing the wealth equally thereafter.^[16] However, when the Kumbha (urn) containing the amrita appeared, a fight ensued. For twelve days and twelve nights (equivalent to twelve human years) the gods and demons fought in the sky for the pot of amrita. It is believed that during the battle, Lord Vishnu(Incarnates as Mohini-Mürti) flew away with the Kumbha of elixir spilling drops of amrita at four places: Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik.^[17]

Attendance[link]

According to The Imperial Gazetteer of India, an outbreak of cholera occurred at the 1892 Mela at Haridwar leading to the rapid improvement of arrangements by the authorities and to the formation of Haridwar Improvement Society. In 1903 about 400,000 people are recorded as attending the fair.^[10] During the 1954 Kumbh Mela stampede at Prayag, around 500 people were killed, and scores were injured. Ten million people gathered at Haridwar for the Kumbh on April 14, 1998.^[12]

The 1998 Kumbh Mela saw over 10 million pilgrims visiting Hardwar, to take a dip in the holy Ganges river.^[18] In 2001, around 1 million people from outside of India and from around the world participated in the Maha Kumbh Mela at Allahabad, with a total participation of approximately 60 million. This mela was unusually significant due to the planetary positions at the time, a pattern that repeats only once every 144 years.^[19]

The ritual[link]

Naga Sadhu procession 1998 Kumbh Mela

The major event of the festival is ritual bathing at the banks of the river in whichever town it is being held. Nasik has registered maximum visitors amounted nearly to 75 million. Other activities include religious discussions, devotional singing, mass feeding of holy men and women and the poor, and religious assemblies where doctrines are debated and standardized. Kumbh Mela is the most sacred of all the pilgrimages.^{[citation needed]} Thousands of holy men and women attend, and the auspiciousness of the festival is in part attributable to this. The sadhus are seen clad in saffron sheets with ashes and powder dabbed on their skin as per the requirements of ancient traditions. Some, called naga sanyasis, may not wear any clothes even in severe winter.^{[citation needed]}

After visiting the Kumbh Mela of 1895, Mark Twain wrote:

Recent Kumbha Melas[link]

1894[link]

According to Paramahansa Yogananda in his work the Autobiography of a Yogi, it was on the Kumbha Mela in January 1894 at Allahabad that his Guru Sri Yukteswar met Mahavatar Babaji for the first time.^[21]

2001[link]

A procession of Akharas marching over a makeshift bridge over the Ganges river, Kumbh Mela at Prayag, 2001

In 2001, the Kumbh Mela was held in Prayag, aka Allahabad. The India government estimates that about 70 million people came to this festival in north India to bathe in the holy river Ganges where it meets with the also holy Yamuna river. Bathing in the holy waters at this auspicious time is said to wash away your karmic debt. Therefore, it is literally a shortcut to spiritual liberation (moksha), the liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

2003[link]

When the Kumbha Mela was held in Nashik, India, from July 27 to September 7, 2003, 39 pilgrims (28 women and 11 men) were trampled to death and 57 were injured. Devotees had gathered on the banks of the Godavari river for the maha snaan or holy bath. Over 30,000 pilgrims were being held back by barricades in a narrow street leading to the Ramkund, a holy spot, so the sadhus could take the first ceremonial bath. Reportedly, a sadhu threw some silver coins into the crowd and the subsequent scramble led to the stampede.^[22][23]

2007[link]

More than 30 million people visited Ardh Kumbh Mela at Prayag.

2010[link]

Haridwar hosted the Purna Kumbha mela from Makar Sankranti (14 January 2010) to Shakh Purnima Snan (28 April 2010). Millions of Hindu pilgrims attended the mela. On April 14, 2010, alone approximately 10 million people bathed in the Ganges river.^[24] According to officials by mid April about 40 million people had bathed since January 14, 2010.^[25] Hundreds of foreigners joined Indian pilgrims in the festival which is thought to be the largest religious gathering in the world.^[25][26] To accommodate the large number of pilgrims Indian Railways ran special trains.^[27] At least 5 people died in a stampede after clashes between holy men and devotees.^[28]

Indian Space Research Organisation took satellite pictures of the crowds with the hope of improving the conduct of the festival in the future.^[29]

Future Venues[link]

• Upcoming Kumbh Mela festivals will be held in Allahabad in 2013 (January 27th to February 25th), Nasik in 2015 (August 15th to September 13th), and Ujjain in 2016 (April 22nd to May 21st).^[30]

• The Purna Kumbha Mela will again be held at Prayag in the year 2013 (January 27 to February 25)

Here is the details of most auspicious days (Bathing Dates)in year 2013 during Maha Kumbh Festival (mela). ^[31]

27 January 2013(Sunday) – Paush Purnima

6 February 2013 (Wednesday) – Ekadashi Snan

10 February 2013 (Sunday) – Mauni Amavasya Snan (Main Bathing Day)

15 February 2013 (Friday) – Basant Panchami Snan

17 February 2013 (Sunday) – Rath Saptami Snan

18 February 2013(Monday) – Bhisma Ekadashi Snan

25 February 2013(Monday) – Maghi Purnima Snan

• Nasik will host the Kumbha Mela in 2015 (Also Known as Simhasth at Nashik as Guru is in Sigh Rashi) (August 15 to September 13)
• Ujjain Purna Kumbh Mela 2016 (April 22 to May 21)

Kumbha Mela in Media[link]

Amrita Kumbher Sandhane, a 1982 Bengali feature film directed by Dilip Roy, documents the Kumbh Mela. Kumbha Mela has been theme for many a documentaries, including "Kumbh Mela: The Greatest Show on Earth" (2001) directed by Graham Day,^[32] On 24 Sept, The Hindu reported the great faith in god displayed in kumbh mela at Nasik which had more than 70 million visitors in 2003 kumbh mela. (2004), by Maurizio Benazzo and Nick Day,^[33][34] Kumbh Mela: Songs of the River (2004), by Nadeem Uddin,^[35] and Invocation, Kumbha Mela (2008) ^[36]

On April 18, 2010, a popular American morning show The CBS Sunday Morning gave an extensive coverage on Haridwar's Kumbh Mela "The Largest Pilgrimage on Earth". Calling it "one of the most extraordinary displays of faith on Earth, a spectacular journey drawing tens of millions of people".

Short Cut to Nirvana: Kumbh Mela is a 2004 documentary film was set in the 2001 Maha Kumbh Mela at Allahabad. This film is directed by Nick Day and produced by "Maurizio Benazzo"^[37]

On April 28, 2010, BBC reported an audio and a video report on Kumbh Mela, titled "Kumbh Mela 'greatest show on earth'.

On September 30, 2010, the Kumbh Mela featured in the second episode of the Sky One TV series "An Idiot Abroad" with Karl Pilkington visiting the festival.

See also[link]

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Kumbh Mela

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Mahatma Gandhi at Kumbha Mela, 1915

• Mahamaham
• Ganga Sagar
• 1954 Kumbh Mela stampede
• Pushkaram
• List of largest gatherings in history

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Kumbha Mela: History and Religion, Astronomy and Cosmobiology, by Subas Rai. Published by Ganga Kaveri Pub. House, 1993. ISBN 81-85694-01-X.
• The Kumbh Mela, by Mark Tully (Author), Richard Lannoy (Photographer), Ashok Mahendra (Photographer). Indica Books. 2002. ISBN 81-86569-22-7.
• Kumbha Mela, by Jack Hebner. Published by Transition Vendor, 2003. ISBN 1-886069-90-5.
• Nashik Kumbh Mela: A Spiritual Sojourn, by Govind Swarup. India Book House Ltd, 2006. ISBN 81-7508-379-4.
• Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765-1954, by Kama Maclean. Oxford University Press, USA. 2008. ISBN 0-19-533894-4.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kumbha Mela

• Official website of Kumbha mela 2010
• Kumbh Mela Haridwar
• Haridwar
• Mahakumbh Mela
• Mela Photographs and Shahi Snaan at the Kumbh
• World's Largest Act of Faith
• Video of 2010 Maha Kumbh Mela in Haridwar from Guardian.co.uk
• Kumbh Mela 2010, Haridwar Photographs
• Maha Kumbh Festival

v t e Festivals in the Hindu calendar Major festivals Pongal Makar Sankranti Holi Rama Navami Krishna Janmashtami Maha Shivaratri Onam Ganesh Chaturthi Navratri (Mysore Dasara – Durga Puja – Vijayadashami) Diwali (Bhau-Beej) Chhath Vat Purnima Thaipusam Regional New Year Gudi Padwa (Marathi, Konkani) Ugadi (Telugu, Kannada) Cheti Chand (Sindhi) Bihu (Assamese) Bisu (Tuluva) Vaisakhi (Punjabi) Vishuva Sankranti (Oriya) Pohela Boishakh (Bengali) Puthandu (Tamil) Vishu (Malayalee) Holy days Ekadashi Gowri Habba Karwa Chauth Mahalakshmi Vrata Raksha Bandhan Sankranti Savitri Brata Thaipusam Holy periods Chaturmas Dhanurmas

This article's references may not meet Wikipedia's guidelines for reliable sources. Please help by checking whether the references meet the criteria for reliable sources. (December 2011)

Karl Pilkington
Pilkington in 2008
Born	(1972-09-23) 23 September 1972 (age 39) Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, UK
Occupation	Television personality, actor, former Radio producer, podcast presenter, author, broadcaster
Partner	Suzanne Whiston

Karl Pilkington (born 23 September 1972) is an English television personality, actor, author, former radio producer. He gained prominence as the producer of Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's radio program on XFM. He appeared on The Ricky Gervais Show, presented the Sky travel series An Idiot Abroad,^[1] and made his acting debut on Gervais' 2012 comedy-drama series Derek.

Early life and education[link]

Karl Pilkington was born and grew up in Trafford, Greater Manchester. He was educated at Ashton-on-Mersey School, receiving just one GCSE, an "E" in History.^[2][3] Pilkington only became aware of his GCSE results after Gervais and Merchant contacted the school after a conversation during their XFM show. Pilkington was surprised and upset at his results as he recalled sitting through several other GCSE exams, as well as sending in a "little clay man" for Art. A failure to register for the exams was offered as an explanation by Gervais and Merchant for his lack of other grades.^[4]

Career[link]

Early work[link]

Pilkington relocated to London to work with XFM as a producer and after several years he began work on The Ricky Gervais Show, broadcast on Saturday afternoons. Initially Pilkington was solely the program's producer. However, as Gervais and Merchant began to invite him to make the odd comment, Pilkington's persona came to light and his popularity increased. Pilkington was eventually included as a main element of the broadcasts, with large amounts of airtime often given over to his thoughts on various subjects, or various childhood stories. In December 2005, Pilkington stood in for two BBC 6 Music shows for Nemone, and co-presented the shows with Russell Brand.

Celebrity[link]

Pilkington's presence on The Ricky Gervais Show podcasts significantly increased his popularity. He has often been mentioned in interviews given by Gervais, and is often the butt of Gervais' practical jokes. After saying "I could eat a knob at night" on the podcast (in relation to I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here! contestants eating a kangaroo penis), Gervais encouraged his listeners to sample the sound bite and mix it into dance songs for night clubs. The phrase spawned several dance music mixes, T-shirts and merchandise. Many of Pilkington's quotes have since gained publicity, particularly on the Internet. Reuters, commenting on this issue, described Pilkington as a "phenomenon" who had made "Internet history".^[5]

On 23 November 2010, while appearing live on Richard Bacon's Radio 5 Live afternoon show, Gervais surprised Pilkington with an on-air phone call. This led to a conversation where Pilkington, who claimed to have been interrupted while grouting his kitchen, said he had not yet been paid for his work on An Idiot Abroad and concluded the interview with an off-the-cuff link into the hourly news.^[6] Pilkington has worked independently of Gervais and Merchant on a number of projects. He appeared as a guest on the shows Flipside TV and The Culture Show,^[7] and appeared in several short films as part of the Channel 4 initiative "3 Minute Wonders".

Merchant and Gervais themselves have repeatedly denied claims that Pilkington's comic persona is their creation. In an on-air response to similar claims made by Chris Campling during a broadcast on XFM, Merchant stated that he would be "ashamed" if the radio show were scripted, adding, "If we had created Karl, I would not have squandered a character that good on this poxy radio station".^[8] Gervais concurred, pointing out that writing a single series' worth of half-hour episodes of shows such as The Office and Extras took the two up to a year. An interviewer for The Daily Telegraph concluded that Pilkington's persona is genuine.^[9]

Television and DVD[link]

In September 2010, Pilkington featured in a television series produced by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant called An Idiot Abroad on Sky1.^[10][11] The series documented a global adventure by Pilkington instigated by Gervais and Merchant in order to take Pilkington out of his comfort zone.^[12] The series consists of eight 45-minute episodes tracking Pilkington as he negotiates the Wonders of the World in an attempt to broaden his horizons. The series is accompanied by a book published by Canongate and co-written by Gervais and Merchant.^[13]

Series 2 of An Idiot Abroad debuted on 23 September 2011 on Sky1. The series involved Pilkington trying cross items off a list of ultimate things to do before you die.^[14] In June 2011, Pilkington won The Best Presenter Award for An Idiot Abroad at the Factual Entertainment Awards.^[15]

Pilkington appears in a twenty-minute interview on Gervais' live stand-up comedy DVD, Politics. The DVD of Gervais's film The Invention of Lying contains a short film called Meet Karl Pilkington, entirely devoted to documenting Pilkington's humiliating non-speaking caveman role in the DVD extra feature The Dawn of Lying. He was also invited to be an extra on the final episode of Extras. Pilkington has also performed voice-over work for such clients as One Stop Office Shop, FreeView, Vodafone, HMV, Sony PSP, W H Smith, Wickes, and Unilever. Pilkington made his acting debut on 12 April 2012 in the Channel 4 comedy-drama Derek, portraying caretaker and bus driver Dougie.^[16]

Filmography[link]

Television[link]

Film[link]

Audio[link]

Bibliography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Karl Pilkington

• Official website
• Karl Pilkington's Profile on Xfm.co.uk
• Karl Pilkington's An Idiot Abroad
• Pilkipedia, the only online encyclopaedia and community based around Karl Pilkington, Stephen Merchant and Ricky Gervais.

India (born March 9, 1969), known also as "La Princesa de la Salsa" (engl. "The Princess of Salsa"), is a singer of salsa and House music. She has been nominated for both Grammy and Latin Grammy awards.

Early years[link]

Caballero (birth name: Linda Viera Caballero) was born in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. Her parents moved to New York City soon after her birth, and settled down in the South Bronx area of the city. They moved in with Caballero's grandmother, a woman who served as an important influence on Caballero's life. Her stage name "India" was given to Caballero by her grandmother because of her dark features and long straight black hair.^[1]

India[link]

In 1985, when Caballero was 14 years old, she was a founding member of the Latin freestyle group TKA and was featured on the cover of TKA's second single, "Come Get My Love". She left shortly thereafter.^[2]

Caballero signed a record contract with Reprise/Warner Bros. Records, which planned on marketing her as the Latin version of Madonna (who recorded for sister label Sire Records). After recording the album Breaking Night, Caballero decided that she didn't want to take that route in her career.^[1][2]

First salsa album[link]

An important event took place when she accompanied her husband to a studio recording. Salsa band leader Eddie Palmieri happened to visit the studio and was impressed with Caballero when he heard her singing. In 1992, Palmieri produced Caballero's first Spanish-language salsa album Llego la India via Eddie Palmieri (The India has Arrived via Eddie Palmieri), which was acclaimed as one of the best salsa albums of the year. From then on Caballero became known to all as India.^[2]

In 1994, India together with Louie Vega recorded a house-music single "Love and Happiness" (Yemaya y Ochún) that paid tribute to Santería (a syncretic religion based in the Caribbean). This up-beat house track was played heavily in dance club's internationally. India's involvement with Santería drew much criticism. She later recorded Dicen Que Soy (They Say that I Am) which was a 2x gold-certified Billboard hit and included the song "Vivir Lo Nuestro", a duet with Marc Anthony. Later this same year Combinación Perfecta. was released.^[1]

India, the Princess of Salsa[link]

External audio
	You may listen to India sing "Seduceme" here.

In 1996, India worked with Tito Puente on Jazzin, an English-language album of swing classics with a Latin twist on RMM Records. That same year she contributed the song "Banderas" to the album entitled Voces Unidas (United Voices), a multi-artist tribute to the 1996 Summer Olympics. She also released India: Mega Mix that same year before divorcing Vega. India sang a duet titled "La Voz de la Experiencia" (The Voice of Experience) with Celia Cruz, the late Queen of Salsa. It was then that Cruz gave Caballero her longer name: India the Princess of Salsa. In 1997, India recorded "Sobre el Fuego" (Over the Fire) with Puerto Rican salsa singer Kevin Ceballo as backup. The song was nominated for Best Latin Tropical Performance Grammy Award. In 1998, she won an ACE Award.^[2]

On May 31, 1998, India gave two sold-out concerts at the Luis A. Ferre Performing Arts Center in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She returned to the United States and Cable Channel UPN aired one of her shows. India also held concerts in New York's Madison Square Garden and in El Festival de la Calle Ocho in Miami, Florida. In September 1999, India released her album Sola, which earned her great reviews for the single "Sola" and for covers of two hits by the late Cuban sensation La Lupe "Que Te Pedi" and "Si Vuelves Tu."^[1]

On February 5, 2000, a full-page ad in Billboard Magazine congratulated India for her second Grammy Award nomination. In March 2000, she was featured in Vibe Magazine. In 2003, India released Latin Songbird: Mi Alma y Corazón. The album's lead single "Sedúceme" became a hit on the Latin charts and topped the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Tracks for several weeks. This romantic salsa hit single was India's first number-one song. The song brought her a new fan base with many awards and nominations, including two Latin Grammy nominations for Best Salsa Album and Best Tropical Song in 2003, and her third Grammy Award nomination for Best Salsa Album in 2004.^[3]

In 2005, India participated in the musical presentation Selena ¡VIVE!, a tribute to the late Tejano sensation Selena Quintanilla-Perez. In 2006, India released the album Soy Diferente, which contained two songs that became award-winning hits. The 2007 Annual Latin Billboard Awards honored India with Best Tropical Album of the Year Female for "Soy Diferente" (I Am Different), and Latin Dance Club Play Track of the Year for "Solamente Una Noche" (Just For One Night). In 2007, India collaborated with Latin sensation Gloria Estefan in a duet titled "90 Millas."^[3]

India is set to release her ninth studio album in 2010, which will propel her music to various European and Asian countries. India mentioned to the Associated Press, "I am reinventing myself...changing my physical image. India will return to become a Barbie. But more than that, I feel like a new woman because I have been blessed with many beautiful things. After many years, I have my family with me and I am not separated from my mother, in which I suffered greatly. I have her in my life and that brings inner peace that I haven't had in a long time."

On February 23, 2010, India's newest single "Estupida" was released on iTunes. The single was recorded in two versions, a salsa version and a ballad version.India filmed a video for both versions were been released. The song debuted on the tropical billboard charts at #10 and made it to #1 in just a couple of weeks. India's ninth studio album, Unica, was released June 1, 2010.

In 2011 India still continues to release new music. India's latest songs include a duet with Issac Delgado titled, "Que no se te olvide" which has four different versions, one salsa, another an extended salsa mix, one a bachata version, and another a New York Pop version. In 2011, India released a new house track titled, "Tacalacateo" which she worked on with Italian DJ, Peppe Citarella. Tacalacateo peaked at #13 on the Billboards dance tracks.

Awards and recognition[link]

On June 11, 2006, India was honored by Union City, New Jersey with a star on the Walk of Fame at Union City's Celia Cruz Park.^[4]

Discography[link]

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Among India's recordings are the following:

Studio albums (new material)[link]

• 1990: Breaking Night
• 1992: Llego la India Via Eddie Palmieri
• 1994: Dicen Que Soy
• 1996: Jazzin' with Tito Puente
• 1997: Sobre el Fuego
• 1999: Sola
• 2002: Latin Songbird: Mi Alma Y Corazón
• 2006: Soy Diferente
• 2010: Unica

Albums Chart performance[link]

Compilations[link]

• Love and Happiness EP (with River Ocean) (1993)
• India Megamix (1997)
• The Best of India (2004)
• Grandes Exitos + (2005)
• Cant Get No Sleep 09 EP (2009)
• Music is My Life Transalatins Fet: India (2009)

Contributions on other recordings[link]

• With Tony Humphries
  • Keith Thompson - Rhythm of Life

• With Masters At Work
  • 1992 - Ride On The Rhythm by Louie Vega & Marc Anthony (Wrote/Background vocals)
  • 1993 - When You Touch Me and I Can't Get No Sleep (from "The Album")
  • 1994 - Voices In My Mind by Voices (India, Carol Sylvan, Michael Watford)
  • 1994 - Vibe P.M. (Masters at Work Remix) (featured with Mondo Grosso)
  • 1998 - To Be In Love (MAW Remix) (from MAW Records: The Collection Volume I)
  • 1998 - Runaway (from "Nuyorican Soul")
  • 2002 - Backfired (from "Our Time Is Coming")
• RMM Combinacion Perfecta
  • 1994 - Vivir Lo Nuestro (duet with Marc Anthony)
• Li'l Mo Ying Yang
  • 1995 Reach (Samples "Love & Happiness")
• Voces Unidas: The Atlanta Olympics
  • 1996 - Banderas
• JohNick - Play The World EP
  • 1996 - Play The World (Samples "Love & Happiness")
• With Oscar D'León
  • 1997 - Hazme El Amor (from "En Nueva York")
• The Last Days of Disco Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
  • 1998 - I Love the Nightlife (Disco Round)
• The 24-Hour Woman Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
  • 1999 - India Con La Voe (Viva Puerto Rico)
• Haus-A-Holics - Latin Spice EP
  • 2001 - Que Pasa by Haus-A-Holics (Samples from "Oye Como Va" with Tito Puente Jr.)
• Empire Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
  • 2003 - Empire, Imperio
• With Tito Nieves, Nicky Jam, and K-Mil
  • 2004 - Ya No Queda Nada
• Tribute to Selena
  • 2005 - No Debes Jugar (from "Selena Vive")
• With Marlon Fernández
  • 2006 - Usted Abusó (from "Mi Sueño")
• With R.K.M & Ken-Y, Polaco, Nicky Jam, and Carlitos Way
  • 2006 - Tocarte Toda
• With Gloria Estefan
  • 2007 - 90 Millas (from 90 Millas)
• With Michael Stuart
  • 2007 - Un Amor Tan Grande (from Sentimiento De Un Rumbero)
• With Yolandita Monge
  • 2008 - Mala (Tropical Remix) (from "Mala")
• With Tito "El Bambino"
  • 2009 - El Amor (Salsa Remix) (from "El Patron")
• Single "Estupida"
  • 2010 - Estupida (Salsa Version) (Single from 2010 album, Unica)
  • 2010 - Estupida (Ballada Version) (Single from 2010 album, Unica)
• With Issac Delgado
  • 2011-Maxi Single "Que No Se Te Olvide"
• With Peppe Citarella
  • 2011-Maxi Single "Tacalacateo"
• With Tito Rojas
  • 2011- "Maldito Y Bendito Amor" (Salsa Version)
  • 2011- "Maldito Y Bendito Amor" (Ballad Version)

See also[link]

	Puerto Rico portal
	Biography portal

• List of Puerto Ricans

References[link]