The Doina () is a Romanian musical tune style. It can be found in Romanian music, as well as in Klezmer music.

Characteristics

''Doina'' is poetic and often melancholic, sometimes compared to the blues for that reason. In the romanian folkloric tradition, "doina" was played mainly orally or accompanied by a single instrument, being the song of elegy, played for self comforting and not intended for festive events because of its sober nature. The Romanian verb "a doini" denotes a particular way of singing, using long, slow-paced, polyphonic arrangements which can be done with voice modulation or with a musical instrument, often woodwind instruments as the pipe, the nai or the bucium.

''Doinas'' have entered the repertoire of romanian gipsy music bands called "taraf", as Roma people were traditionally musicians. In this version the doina is played with a slow, free rhythm melody against a fast accompaniment pattern in fixed tempo, giving an overall feeling of rhythmic tension. Melodies are sometimes repeated in differing songs, and typically follow a descending pattern.

The ''doina'' was related by some non-Romanian musicologiststs to the Turkish Makam, claiming that Romanian authors usually avoid mentioning this relation for nationalistic reasons. Béla Bartók found similar melodies in Ukraine, Algeria, Persia, Iraq and concluded that these were "of undoubtedly Persian-Arabic origin."

It must be said that the word "doina" denotes today a series of types of melancholic themed songs, some entered into urban folklore played in accompaniment to various musical instruments. Many of these instruments are of Turkish provenance, as with Balkanic urban music bands in general. Foreign musicologists met "doina" in this form.

Etymology

The very origin of the word "''doina''" is unknown and it is spread throughout Romania and Moldova. Although there is no universally accepted origin, the word could be of Indo-European origin, since a similar form (''daina'') can be found in Latvia and Lithuania meaning "folk song".

Another unrelated possible resemblance is made with the Serbian word "daljina" meaning "furthering", because most doinas are about the feeling of "dor" - a Romanian word for "intensely missing" (similar to German Sehnsucht and Portuguese Saudade). "Daljina" is supposed to have become "doina" in a similar way in which the word "haljina" ("clothing") became "haina" in Romanian.

Dimitrie Cantemir mentions "Doina" in his "Descriptio Moldaviae" among a series of old pre-Christian (Dacian) deities, persistent in popular oral tradition, noticing that "Doina, Doina" is a starting phrase incantation in many folk songs.

Styles of doina

Ca pe luncă - found along the southern Danube

De codru - ''codru'' means "forest"

Hora lungă - Maramureş

Klezmer - played by Jewish musicians from Bessarabia and Moldavia

Oltului - found along the Olt River

Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic

Ciobanul - shepherd's doina

*De dragoste - popular form, usually about love; ''dragoste'' means "love".

De jale - mellow, mournful doina; ''jale'' means "grief".

De leagăn - a lullaby; ''leagăn'' means "cradle".

De pahar - drinking song; ''pahar'' means "drinking glass".

Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".

References

Category:Romanian music Category:Klezmer

bg:Дойна es:Doină gl:Doină he:דוינה lt:Doina nl:Doina ro:Doină ru:Дойна

Taraf de Haïdouks (, "Taraf of Haiduks") are a ''taraf'', i.e., a troupe of Romani-Romanian ''lăutari'' from the town of Clejani, the most prominent such group in Romania in the post-Communist Era. In the Western world it it has become known by way of French-speaking areas, where they are known as "Taraf de Haïdouks".

History

The lăutari of Clejani were long known for their musical skills. The first recordings by ethnomusicologists in the village were made in the interwar period. Speranţa Radulescu also made recordings in Clejani in 1983 for the archive of "The Institute for Ethnography and Folklore". The recordings were made in various configurations. During the Communist era, many lăutari from Clejani were also employed in the national ensembles that played Romanian popular music.

Early contacts in the West included Swiss ethnomusicologist Laurent Aubert and Belgian musicians Stéphane Karo and Michel Winter, two fans who were so taken by the band's music that they turned into managers, brought the newly named "Taraf de Haïdouks" to Western Europe and helped launch their international career.

Since the release of its first album back in 1991, Taraf de Haïdouks has been considered the epitome of Romany music's vitality. The group has toured worldwide, released acclaimed albums and a DVD (see below), and counts among its fans the late Yehudi Menuhin, the Kronos Quartet (with whom it has recorded and performed), actor Johnny Depp (alongside whom the group appeared in the film ''The Man Who Cried''), fashion designer Yohji Yamamoto (who invited the band to be models-cum-musicians for his Paris and Tokyo shows), and many more. Meanwhile, the band members seem to have been relatively unaffected by all this, maintaining their way of life (they still reside in Clejani, in the Valachian countryside).

The band's latest release is the ''Maskarada'' album, in which they reinterpret and "re-gypsify" pieces by 20th-century classical composers (such as Bartok, Khachaturian and others) who drew inspiration from national folklore and often borrowed from Roma styles.

Members

Some of the core members of the group:

Nicolae Neacşu ("Culai"): violin and vocals; died December 2002

Dumitru Baicu ("Cacurică"): cimbalom; died September 2007

Ilie Iorga: vocals; actually from Mârşă near Clejani

Ion Manole ("Şaică" or "Boşorogu"): violin, vocals

Gheorghe Anghel ("Caliu"): violin

Gheorghe Fălcaru ("Fluierici"): flute, double bass

Ionica Tanase: cimbalom

Constantin Sandu ("Dinu"): cimbalom, vocals

Florea Pârvan: double bass

Marin Sandu ("Ţagoe"): double bass

Paul Guiclea ("Pasalan"): voice, violin

Marin Manole ("Marius"): accordion

Constantin Lautaru ("Costica Boieru"): violin, voice

Viorel Vlad: double bass

Robert Gheorghe: violin

Albums

;Commercially released

''Musiques de Tziganes de Roumanie'' (Crammed Discs, 1991)

''Honourable Brigands, Magic Horses and Evil Eye'' (Crammed Discs, 1994)

''Dumbala Dumba'' (Crammed Discs, 1998)

''Taraf de Haïdouks'' (compilation released on Nonesuch Records, 1999)

''Band of Gypsies'' (Crammed Discs,2001)

''The Continuing Adventures Of Taraf de Haïdouks'' (CD+DVD, Crammed Discs, 2006)

''Maškaradǎ'' (Crammed Discs, 2007)

;Non-commercially released Before the Haïdouks organized themselves as a group, many of them were recorded on an ethnomusicological album:

''Musique des Tsiganes de Valachie; les lăutari de Clejani'' (1988) [OCORA 3149025011190]

The following albums were produced by Fundaţia Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcas in Bucharest, in association with Euroart, the cultural fund of the Department for European Integration of the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs of Romania.

''The End of the Millenium [sic] in the Romanian Village / Fin de Millénaire dans le Village Roumain / Sfârşit de mileniu în satul Românesc'', a collection of recordings from 1989–97, released in 2000, with liner notes in English, French, and Romanian. Only some of the musicians on these recordings are affiliated with the taraf, but several, some from other villages, have toured with them.

''Outlaws of Yore / Les 'Haïdouks' d'Autrefois'', two volumes (labeled "I" and "II"), recorded at the Museum of the Romanian Peasant, Bucharest, March 1991, released in 2001, with liner notes in English and French.

Film

Two performances of the group were in the 1993 French film ''Latcho Drom'' by Tony Gatlif. In 2001 the Taraf appeared in Sally Potter's film ''The Man Who Cried'' alongside friend and fan Johnny Depp, Christina Ricci, Cate Blanchett, and John Turturro. They were one of the five Romani bands to be featured in the movie ''Gypsy Caravan'' (2007).

References

Liner notes of ''Outlaws of Yore''

[ Taraf de Haïdouks] at Allmusic

;Bibliography

''Hopa, tropa, Europa'' (''Hop and trot around Europe'') by Speranţa Rădulescu (Museum of the Romanian Peasant, 1992) describes the group's first European tour.

External links

The Taraf's management company, Divano Production for tour dates, photos etc.

Crammed Discs ">Taraf de Haidouks pages on the site of their record label, Crammed Discs

Review of the Barbican show 2007

Blog entry about Taraful Haiducilor on a Romanian-language blog about ''lăutari''. Includes a photo of members of the group. http://www.lautarie.net/cacurica-si-taraf-de-haidouks/ Spontaneous video recording of Cacurica and Culaie's interpreting one of their famous love songs

A video of Taraf de Haïdouks performing excerpts from and talking about their album ''Maskarada''

Category:Romani musicians Category:Romanian Romani musical groups Category:Romanian Romani people Category:Crammed Discs artists Category:Nonesuch Records artists Category:Lăutari and lăutărească music

de:Taraf de Haïdouks es:Taraf de Haïdouks fr:Taraf de Haïdouks gl:Taraf de Haïdouks pl:Taraf de Haïdouks ru:Taraf de Haïdouks sr:Taraf de Haidouks sv:Taraf de Haïdouks

name	Gheorghe Zamfir
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Gheorghe Zamfir (flute artist)
alias	Pan Flute Master
birth date	April 06, 1941
birth place	Găeşti, Romania
instrument	Pan flute
genre	Romanian popular musicInstrumental PopEasy listening
occupation	Musician, Songwriter, Music teacher
years active	1960 - present
label	SonArt Records
website	http://www.gheorghe-zamfir.com }}

Gheorghe Zamfir (; born April 6, 1941) is a Romanian pan flute musician.

Zamfir is known for playing an expanded version of the traditional Romanian-style pan flute (nai) of 20 pipes to 22, 25, 28 and 30 pipes to increase its range, and obtaining as many as eight overtones (additionally to the fundamental tone) from each pipe by changing the embouchure.

He is known as "The Master of the Pan Flute", although he is considered to be in category of artists whose success relies more on good marketing, than on musical skills.

Career

Zamfir came to the public eye when he was "discovered" by Swiss ethnomusicologist Marcel Cellier who extensively researched Romanian folk music in the 1960s. Brought for the first time with his pan flute to western European countries in 1972 by the composer Vladimir Cosma as soloist in Cosma's original music for the movie ''Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire'' and made a big success, since then, he has been used as soloist in movie soundtracks by composers Francis Lai, Ennio Morricone and many others. Largely through television commercials where he was billed as "Zamfir, Master of the pan Flute", he introduced the folk instrument to a modern audience and revived it from obscurity. In the United States his commercials were widely seen on CNN in the 1980s.

Zamfir's big break in the English-speaking world came when the BBC religious television programme "The Light of Experience" adopted his recording of "Doina De Jale", a traditional Romanian funeral song, as its theme. Popular demand forced Epic Records to release the tune as a single in 1976, and it climbed to number four on the UK charts. It would prove to be his only hit single, but it helped pave the way for a consistent stream of album sales in Britain.

After nearly a decade-long absence, Romanian pan flute virtuoso Gheorghe Zamfir returns to Canada in January 2006 for a seven-city tour with TRAFFIC STRINGS quintet . In the program was include a world premiere: Vivaldi's Four Seasons for PanFlute and string quintet arranged by Lucian Moraru, jazz standards, and well-known favourites.

Most recently, Zamfir has been sampled by Animal Collective in the song "Graze" on their EP Fall Be Kind.

Soundtracks

One of his most notable contributions was to the soundtrack for the classic Australian film ''Picnic at Hanging Rock''. His first appearance in 1972 as soloist interpreter in a movie soundtrack was in Vladimir Cosma's "''Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire''" with a very famous and successful melody known all over the world. His music has also been heard on the soundtracks of many Hollywood movies. He was asked by Ennio Morricone to perform the pieces "Childhood Memories" and "Cockeye's Song" for the soundtrack of Sergio Leone's 1984 gangster film ''Once Upon A Time In America''. His music is heard throughout the 1984 film ''The Karate Kid'', and his piece "The Lonely Shepherd", recorded with the James Last Orchestra, is featured in Quentin Tarantino's film ''Kill Bill Vol. 1''. The melody "The lonely shepherd" was written by James Last and first released on his album "Memories from Russia", released 1977 (Polydor Germany 2371 856). The panflute was played by Gheorghe Zamfir, who had a contract with the Philips record company. An agreement was made that Philips could release "The lonely shepherd" as a single (45 rpm) on the Philips label.

Criticism

Although Zamfir is considered the most important person to popularize the pan flute worldwide, he has also received significant criticism, mostly for his propinquity with easy listening and kitsch. His personality often put him in disputes with other pan flute players such as Dalila Cernătescu, Simion Stanciu or Damian Draghici. Zamfir has been mocked by critics in comparison with Draghici on several occasions.

Another line of criticism came from his promotion of ''Romanian popular music'' as opposed to the genuine ''traditional music''.

Comparing Zamfir with his master, Fănică Luca, jazz-man Johnny Răducanu said that a single fart of Luca would equal the entire music of Gheorghe Zamfir.

Personal life

Zamfir was born in Găeşti, Romania on April 6, 1941. Although initially interested in becoming an accordionist, at the age of 14 he began his pan flute studies with Fănică Luca at the Special Musical School no. 1 in Bucharest. Later he attended the Ciprian Porumbescu Conservatory. He currently resides and teaches pan flute in Bucharest. He has a son, Emmanuel Teodor who resides in Montreal, Canada also a drummer/musician.

Cultural references

Zamfir is mentioned in the television show ''King of the Hill'' in the episode "Propane Boom (Part 1)". Hank claims that Zamfir has sold more records worldwide than The Beatles.

He is also mentioned in the show ''NCIS'' in the episode "Family Secret".

He is also mentioned in the television show "Sports Night" during a an episode.

He is referenced by Bill Engvall in Blue Collar Comedy Tour: One for the Road

Bibliography

Zamfir has written an instructional book, ''Traitė Du Naï Roumain: méthode de flûte de pan'', Paris: Chappell S.A., 1975, ISBN 88-8291-286-8, and an autobiography ''Binecuvântare şi blestem'' ("Blessing and Curse"), Arad: Mirador, 2000, ISBN 973-9284-56-6.

References

External links

Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:Folk flautists Category:Panpipes Category:People from Dâmboviţa County Category:Romanian musicians Category:Romanian flautists

ar:جورج زامفير bg:Георге Замфир de:Gheorghe Zamfir es:Gheorghe Zamfir fa:گئورگ زامفیر fr:Gheorghe Zamfir it:Gheorghe Zamfir he:גאורגה זמפיר la:Georgius Zamfir lt:Gheorghe Zamfir hu:Gheorghe Zamfir arz:جورج زامفير nl:Gheorghe Zamfir no:Gheorghe Zamfir pl:Gheorghe Zamfir pt:Gheorghe Zamfir ro:Gheorghe Zamfir ru:Замфир, Георге sv:Gheorghe Zamfir tr:Gheorghe Zamfir

Abe Schwartz (1881-1963) was a well-known klezmer musician of the 1920s.

Abe was born outside of Bucharest, Romania, and moved to the United States in 1899. He soon distinguished himself as a talented arranger and composer of music, as well as a violinist, pianist, and bandleader.

The famous klezmer clarinetist Naftule Brandwein played for a time in Schwartz's ensemble, notably on popular songs like Brandwein's own "Firn Di Mekhutonim Aheym" (Leading the In-Laws Home). They also performed Schwartz's famous number "Di Grine Kuzine" (The Greenhorn Cousin), still played today by klezmer revivalists.

References

Strom, Yale. ''The Book of Klezmer: The History, The Music, The Folklore'' 1st ed. p.157

Schwartz, Abe Schwartz, Abe Schwartz, Abe Schwartz, Abe Category:American people of Romanian descent Category:Columbia Records artists Schwartz, Abe

nl:Abe Schwartz

Dumitru Fărcaş (12 May 1938, Groşii Băii Mari, Maramureş County, Romania) is a Romanian tárogató player. He played the instrument on all major stages in the world and made the tárogató known all over the world.

He was born in the Groşi village. His father played the pipe, and his older brothers played the clarinet. He studied the oboe at the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy in Cluj-Napoca.

He is the leader of the "Mărţişorul" orchestra from 1962, with which he won many national and international awards.

He was made ''Honorary citizen'' of the cities Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest, Reşiţa and Baia Mare, as well as Pyongyang.

In 2008 he was awarded ''Doctor honoris causa'' by the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy.

See also

Music of Romania

Notes

External links

Video of Dumitru Fărcaş in recital from 1991

Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:People from Maramureș County Category:Romanian musicians

ro:Dumitru Fărcaș