Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (Tamil: மதுரை சண்முகவடிவு சுப்புலட்சுமி, Madhurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi ? 16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004), also known as M.S., was a renowned Carnatic vocalist. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor. She is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award, Asia's highest civilian award, in 1974 with the citation reading "Exacting purists acknowledge Srimati M. S. Subbulakshmi as the leading exponent of classical and semi-classical songs in the Karnataka tradition of South India."
Subbulakshmi (Kunjamma to her family) was born in Madurai, Madras Presidency, India to veena player Shanmukavadiver Ammal and Subramania Iyer. Her grandmother Akkammal was a violinist.
She started learning Carnatic music at an early age and trained in Carnatic music under the tutelage of Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and subsequently in Hindustani music under Pandit Narayanrao Vyas. She also learned Sanskrit and Telugu under Dr. Nedunuri Krishnamurthy.
A Master of Science (Latin: Magister Scientiæ; abbreviated M.Sc., MSc, M.Sci., M.Si., Sc.M., M.S., MSHS, MS, Mag., Mg., Mgr, S.M., or SM) is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.
In Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, the Master of Science or Magister is a postgraduate degree of two to four years of duration. The admission to a Master program (Castilian: Maestría; Portuguese: Mestrado) in an Brazilian, Argentine or Uruguayan University requires the full completion of an undergraduate degree, as well Licentiate's degree as Professorate degree of four to five years long from any recognized university. Under the accomplishment of the Magister Scientiæ thesis dissertation, that in years of formal education, is generally equivalent to a Ph.D. or Doctorate in universities of North America or Europe given the Bologna comparison system among academic programs.
Australian universities commonly have coursework or research based Master of Science courses for graduate students. They typically run for 1–2 years full-time, with varying amounts of research involved. Research based Masters degrees are usually accompanied by an extensive thesis before completion. In some universities, as in the University of Melbourne an intensive 1 year Master is offered before getting into the Ph.D program with the name of "Bachelor of Science with Honours".
Lakshmi Narayanan is the vice chairman and ex-CEO of Cognizant. He was the CEO and president of Cognizant until 2006. [1]
Lakshmi has played a leading role in the global information technology industry for more than 25 years, managing divisions and business units in Europe, India and the United States. Since joining Cognizant Technologies in 1994, he has been instrumental in formulating the company’s strategy and building and managing the organization’s development centers in India, where he is based. A member of Cognizant’s Board of Directors, Lakshmi spends time traveling extensively in the U.S. and Europe to meet clients.
He recently served as Chairman on NASSCOM (National Association of Software and Service Companies). http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=28660
Lakshmi began his career at Tata Consultancy Services, growing through the ranks from developer, to technologist, to program manager, to business leader. He was a regional head of Tata in India when he joined Cognizant as CTO. He holds a BS and MS in science and electronics from Bangalore University (University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering) and an PG Diploma from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.