Exterior of Marshall's flax-mill at Holbeck, Leeds, probably circa 1800

Interior of Marshall's flax-mill

Flax mills are mills concerned with the manufacture of flax. The earliest mills were ones for spinning yarn for the linen industry.

John Kendrew (an optician) and Thomas Porthouse (a clockmaker), both of Darlington developed the process from Richard Arkwright's water frame, and patented it in 1787. The first machine was set up in Low Mill on the River Skerne at Darlington, which Kendrew used to grind glass. They then each set up a mill of their own, Kendrew near Haughton-le-Skerne and Porthouse near Coatham Mundeville, both on the same river.^[1]

They also granted permits, enabling others to build mills, including in northeast Scotland, where early mills included those at Douglastown in Kinnettles, Bervie, Dundee.^[2] Others were built at Leeds. Matthew Murray moved from Darlington to set up a mill at Adel near Leeds, where Murray built an improved spinning machine for John Marshall. In 1791, Marshall built another mill at Holbeck in Leeds. Murray went on to became a noted textile engineer, as a partner in Fenton, Murray, and Wood.^[3]

Ditherington Flax Mill at Shrewsbury was built by Marshall and Benyons of Leeds in 1797 and was the first iron-framed textile mill anywhere.^[4]

References[link]

This textile arts article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Look up mill in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Mill.

Mill may refer to:

• Mill (grinding), an equipment for the grinding or pulverizing of grain and other raw materials using millstones
• Milling machine, metalworking machine that operates by rotating a cutting bit while the workpiece is moved against the cutter on an XY table.
• Mill (computing)
  • Arithmetic logic unit, used in the context of Charles Babbage's Analytical engine, a 19th century concept of a computer
  • an early term for the central processing unit of a digital computer, especially in early British machines; the term is still occasionally used to refer to the CPU resources consumed by a program
• Mill (currency), a denomination used by some currencies, the equivalent of a tenth of a cent or penny, or a thousandth of the currency unit
• Diploma mill or degree mill, an organization which awards academic degrees and diplomas with very little or no academic study and without recognition by official accrediting bodies
• Nine Men's Morris, a traditional board game; the term "mill" may also mean "three (playing pieces) in a row" within the game
• Windmill (breakdance move) or mill, a power move in breakdancing
• The Mill (post-production), a visual effects company
• a manual typewriter
• the standard author abbreviation Mill. that may be used to indicate botanist Philip Miller's work when citing a botanical name
• a slang term for any internal combustion engine used on a hot rod, or other sort of customised personal vehicle.[1]
• Millage, a property tax
• Wet mill, a device that steeps a substance in water to remove specific compounds
• Cutting mill, a device commonly used in laboratories for the preliminary size reduction of materials
• Certain kinds of factories, such as steel mill, sugar mill, and cotton mill

People named Mill:

• Andy Mill (born 1953), a skier
• Frank Mill (born 1958), a German football player (World Cup winner, Summer Olympics bronze medalist)
• Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858), a philosopher and women's rights advocate
• James Mill (1773–1836), a Scottish historian, economist and philosopher
• John Mill (theologian) (c. 1645–1707), an English theologian and author of Novum Testamentum Graecum
• John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), an influential classical liberal thinker and philosopher of the 19th century, son of James Mill

Mill in geography:

• Mill, Netherlands, a Dutch village
• Mill en Sint Hubert, a Dutch municipality

MILL may refer to:

• Major Indoor Lacrosse League, the American indoor lacrosse league, rebranded in 1997 as the National Lacrosse League

See also[link]

• Mil (disambiguation)
• Mille (disambiguation)
• Mills (disambiguation)
• Miller (disambiguation)
• Milling (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

George Murphy
United States Senator from California
In office January 1, 1965 – January 3, 1971
Preceded by	Pierre Salinger
Succeeded by	John V. Tunney
Personal details
Born	George Lloyd Murphy (1902-07-04)July 4, 1902 New Haven, Connecticut
Died	May 3, 1992(1992-05-03) (aged 89) Palm Beach, Florida
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	(1) Juliette Henkel-Johnson Murphy (married 1926-1973, her death) Betty Duhon Blandi (married 1982-1992, his death)
Children	Dennis Michael Murphy Melissa Elaine Murphy
Alma mater	Peddie School Trinity-Pawling School Yale University
Profession	Actor, dancer, politician
Religion	Roman Catholic

George Lloyd Murphy (July 4, 1902 – May 3, 1992) was an American dancer, actor, and politician. Murphy was a song-and-dance leading man in many big-budget Hollywood musicals from 1930 to 1952. He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946, and was awarded an honorary Academy Award in 1951. Murphy served from 1965 to 1971 as U.S. Senator from California, the first notable U.S. actor to make the successful transition to politics, predating Ronald W. Reagan and Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Life and career[link]

He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, of Irish Catholic extraction, the son of Michael Charles "Mike" Murphy, athletic trainer and coach, and the former Nora Long. He was educated at Peddie School, Trinity-Pawling School, and Yale University in his native New Haven.^[1] He worked as a tool maker for the Ford Motor Company, as a miner, a real estate agent, and a night club dancer.

In show business[link]

In movies, Murphy was famous as a song-and-dance man, appearing in many big-budget musicals such as Broadway Melody of 1938, Broadway Melody of 1940 and For Me and My Gal. He made his movie debut shortly after talking pictures had replaced silent movies in 1930, and his career continued until he retired as an actor in 1952, at the age of 50.

In 1951, he was awarded an honorary Academy Award. He was never nominated for an Oscar in any competitive category.

He was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1944 to 1946. He was a vice president of Desilu Studios and of the Technicolor Corporation. He was director of entertainment for presidential inaugurations in 1953, 1957 and 1961.

Murphy entered politics in 1953 as chairman of the California Republican State Central Committee, having also directed the entertainment for the Eisenhower-Nixon inauguration that same year.

Elected to U.S. Senate[link]

In 1964, he was elected to the Senate, having defeated Pierre Salinger, the former presidential press secretary in the Kennedy White House, who had been appointed several months earlier to serve the remainder of the late Clair Engle's unexpired term. Murphy served from January 1, 1965 to January 3, 1971, and is credited with beginning the United States Senate tradition of the Candy desk. Murphy assumed his seat two days early, when Salinger resigned from the seat in order to allow Murphy to gain an edge in seniority. Murphy was then appointed by Democratic Governor Pat Brown to serve the remaining two days of Salinger's term.

Murphy was in demand for a time to assist other Republican candidates seeking office. In 1966, he came to Georgia to host a fundraising dinner in Atlanta for U.S. Representative Howard "Bo" Callaway in the first gubernatorial campaign undertaken by a GOP candidate since the Reconstruction era. Callaway ultimately lost the election when the state legislature resolved an impasse and chose the Democrat Lester Maddox to fill the position.^[2]

In 1967 and 1968, the year Richard M. Nixon was elected as U.S. President, Murphy was the chairman of the Republican National Senatorial Committee. In 1970, Murphy ran unsuccessfully for reelection, having been defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative John V. Tunney, the son of famed heavyweight boxing champion Gene Tunney. During his Senate term, Murphy suffered from throat cancer, forcing him to have part of his larynx removed. For the rest of his life, he was unable to speak above a whisper.

Murphy lost to Tunney, 44.3 to 53.9 percent. He was in his late sixties, and his speaking voice was reduced to a gravelly whisper from throat cancer while Tunney was youthful, energetic, and blatantly comparing himself to the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy, largely through haircut and poses on the campaign trail. Murphy's staunch support for the lingering Vietnam War also worked against his reelection. As the general election approached, Tunney overtook Murphy in the opinion polls. Tunney's successful Senate race in 1970 is reportedly the inspiration for the 1972 Robert Redford film The Candidate.^[3]

Murphy subsequently moved to Palm Beach, Florida, where he died at the age of eighty-nine from leukemia.

Murphy's move from the screen to California politics paved the way for the successful transitions of actors such as Ronald Reagan and later Arnold Schwarzenegger. Reagan once famously referred to George Murphy as his own John the Baptist.

During his tenure in the Senate, Murphy created the Candy desk by placing a supply of confectionery on his desk on the U.S. Senate floor. After 1971, the candy-desk duties were bequeathed to a string of successors; as of 2011, the keeper of the candy desk is Mark Kirk, an Illinois Republican.

In satire[link]

George Murphy was the subject of a 1965 song by satirist Tom Lehrer, who declared in mock vaudeville style: "Oh, gee, it's great, at last we've got a Senator who can really sing and dance." Lehrer also alluded sarcastically to an infamous remark Murphy once made during a debate about the Bracero Program that granted temporary work visas to Mexican migrant farmhands:

Should Americans pick crops?
George says no;
'Cause no one but a Mexican would stoop so low.
And after all, even in Egypt, the Pharaohs
Had to import—Hebrew Braceros.

Murphy had stated that Mexicans were genetically suited to farm labor; because they were "built lower to the ground," it was supposedly "easier for them to stoop." Oddly, some years earlier, in 1949, Murphy himself had starred next to Mexican actor Ricardo Montalban in the film Border Incident, which cast the exploitation of the Braceros in a negative light. Mr. Lehrer further satirized Senator Murphy with the line: "Think of all the musicals we have in store, imagine "Broadway Melody of Nineteen Eighty-Four". Lehrer began the song:

Hollywood's often tried to mix
Show business with politics.
From Helen Gahagan
To. . . Ronald Reagan??

This connection is also referred to by folk singer Phil Ochs on the spoken-word introduction to "Ringing of Revolution", when Ochs describes a fictional film based on that song, and Murphy is played by Reagan. Ochs also imagines that Lyndon Johnson would "play God" and Ochs would "play Bobby Dylan."

Personal life[link]

Murphy was married to his ballroom dancing partner, Juliette "Julie" Henkel-Johnson, from December 18, 1926, until her death in 1973. They had two children, Dennis Michael Murphy and Melissa Elaine Murphy. He was married to Betty Duhon Blandi from 1982 until his death in 1992.

Films[link]

in the film London by Night (1937)

References[link]

External links[link]

	Biography portal
	Connecticut portal
	California portal

Florida portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: George Murphy

• George Murphy at the Internet Movie Database
• George Murphy at the Internet Broadway Database
• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• George Murphy at Find a Grave
• Images of George Murphy's 1974 passport from www.passportland.com

v t e United States Senators from California Class 1 Frémont Weller Broderick Haun Latham Conness Casserly Hager Booth Miller Hearst Williams Hearst Felton White Bard Flint Works Johnson Knowland Engle Salinger Murphy Tunney Hayakawa Wilson Seymour Feinstein Class 3 Gwin McDougall Cole Sargent Farley Stanford Perkins Phelan Shortridge McAdoo Storke Downey Nixon Kuchel Cranston Boxer