The Basingas were an Anglo-Saxon tribe who settled in the Loddon Valley in approximately 700. Their leader, Basa, gave the tribe its name which survives today in the names of Old Basing and Basingstoke, both in Hampshire.

Old Basing was first settled around 700 by an Anglo-Saxon tribe known as the Basingas, who give the village its name (the meaning is "Basa's people").^[1] It was the site of the Battle of Basing on 22 January 871, when a Danish army defeated Ethelred of Wessex. It is also mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.

References[link]

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Jayaprakash Narayan (11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), widely known as JP Narayan, Jayaprakash, or Loknayak, was an Indian independence activist and political leader, remembered especially for leading the opposition to Indira Gandhi in the 1970s and for giving a call for peaceful Total Revolution. His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and an eminent writer of Hindi literature, Ramavriksha Benipuri. In 1998, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965. The airport of Patna is also named after him.

Early life[link]

Jayprakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902 in the village of Sitabdiara, Bihar, India. He came from a middle-class family.^[1]

Politics[link]

Sandip Das, a biographer, says that

"... in 1920, he joined the non-cooperation struggle and gave up his studies. He joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth established by the Congress to pursue his education. The determination to continue the boycott of British educational institutions led him to study in the United States."^[1]

Returning from the US in late 1929 as a supporter of Marxist theories,^[2] Narayan joined the Indian National Congress on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929; Mahatma Gandhi became his mentor in the Congress. He shared the same house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Sinha (Shrivastava).^[3] with whom he shared the most cordial and lasting friendship.^[3]

During the Indian independence movement he was arrested, jailed, and tortured several times by the British.^{[citation needed]} He won particular fame during the Quit India movement.^{[citation needed]}

After being jailed in 1932 for civil disobedience against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Ram Manohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Ashok Mehta, Yusuf Desai and other national leaders. After his release, the Congress Socialist Party, or (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as President and Narayan as General secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August, 1942, Yogendra Shukla scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail alongwith Jayaprakash Narayan, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Ramnandan Mishra and Shaligram Singh with a view to starting underground movement for freedom.^[4] As Jayaprakash Narayan was ill then, Yogendra Shukla walked a distance to Gaya with Jayaprakash Narayan on his shoulders.^[5]

During the Quit India Movement of 1942, when senior Congress leaders were arrested in the early stages, JP, Lohia and Basawon Singh (Sinha) were at the forefront of the agitations.^{[citation needed]} Leaders such as Jayaprakash Narayan and Aruna Asaf Ali were described as "the political children of Gandhi but recent students of Karl Marx."^{[citation needed]}

Initially a supporter of the use of physical force, Narayan was won over to Gandhi's position on nonviolence and advocated the use of satyagrahas to achieve the ideals of democratic socialism. Furthermore, he became deeply disillusioned with the practical experience of socialism in Nehru's India.^{[citation needed]}

After independence and the death of Mahatma Gandhi, Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Basawon Singh led the CSP out of Congress to become the opposition Socialist Party, which later took the name Praja Socialist Party. Basawon Singh (Sinha) became the first leader of the opposition in the state and assembly of Bihar and Acharya Narendra Deva became the first leader of opposition in the state and assembly of Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]} His party is the first national party who distributed tickets on caste line.^{[citation needed]} This was the point where Jayaprakash Narayan disagreed with the party principles and pursued Sarvodey and Lokniti.^{[citation needed]}

Sarvodaya[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Narayan with Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv, 1958

On April 19, 1954, Narayan announced in Gaya that he was dedicating his life (Jeevandan) to Vinoba Bhave's Sarvodaya movement and its Bhoodan campaign, which promoted distributing land to Harijans (untouchables). He gave up his land, set up an ashram in Hazaribagh, and worked towards uplifting the village.

In 1957, Narayan formally broke with the Praja Socialist Party in order to pursue lokniti [Polity of the people], as opposed to rajniti [Polity of the state]. By this time, Narayan had become convinced that lokniti should be non-partisan in order to build a consensus-based, classless, participatory democracy which he termed Sarvodaya. Narayan became an important figure in the India-wide network of Gandhian Sarvodaya workers.

In 1964, Narayan was vilified across the political spectrum for arguing in an article in the Hindustan Times that India had a responsibility to keep its promise to allow self-determination to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. He hit back at critics in a second article, dismissing the Indian version of the "domino theory" which held that the rest of India's states would disintegrate if Kashmir were allowed its promised freedom. In his graceful if old-fashioned style, Narayan ridiculed the premise that "the states of India are held together by force and not by the sentiment of a common nationality. It is an assumption that makes a mockery of the Indian Nation and a tyrant of the Indian State".

Bihar Movement and Total Revolution[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Narayan returned to prominence in State politics in the late 1960s. In 1974, he led the student's movement in the state of Bihar which gradually developed into a popular people's movement known as the Bihar movement. It was during this movement that JP gave a call for peaceful Total Revolution Together with V. M. Tarkunde, he founded the Citizens for Democracy in 1974 and the People's Union for Civil Liberties in 1976, both NGOs, to uphold and defend civil liberties.

Emergency[link]

When Indira Gandhi was found guilty of violating electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court, Narayan called for Indira to resign, and advocated a program of social transformation which he termed Sampoorna kraanti [Total Revolution]. Instead she proclaimed a national Emergency on the midnight of June 25, 1975, immediately after Narayan had called for the PM's resignation and had asked the military and the police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders; JP, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of her own party (the 'Young Turks') were arrested on that day.

Jayaprakash Narayan attracted a gathering of 100,000 people at the Ramlila Grounds and thunderously recited Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s wonderfully evocative poetry: Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.^[6]

Narayan was kept as detenu at Chandigarh even after he had asked for a month's parole for mobilising relief in areas of Bihar gravely affected by flood. His health suddenly deteriorated on October 24, and he was released on November 12; diagnosis at Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, revealed kidney failure; he would be on dialysis for the rest of his life.

The "Free JP" campaign was launched in the UK by Surur Hoda and chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Noel- Baker for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan.^[7]

After Indira revoked the emergency on January 18, 1977 and announced elections, it was under JP's guidance that the Janata Party (a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the anti-Indira Gandhi opposition) was formed.^{[citation needed]} The Janata Party was voted into power, and became the first non-Congress party to form a government at the Centre.^{[citation needed]} On the call of Narayan many youngsters joined the JP movement.^{[citation needed]}

Death[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[8] on 8 October 1979, 3 days before his 77th birthday. due to effects of diabetes and heart ailments; but a few months before that, in March 1979, his death was erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister to the parliament as he lay fighting for his life in Jaslok Hospital, causing a brief wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and closure of schools and shops. When he was told about the gaffe a few weeks later, he smiled.

The then Prime Minister of India Charan Singh declared seven days of mourning to mark the death, calling him, "the conscience of the nation".^{[clarification needed]}

Awards[link]

• Bharat Ratna, 1999 ^[9]

^[10]

• Rashtrabhushan Award of FIE Foundation, Ichalkaranji^[11]

Bibliography[link]

• Why Socialism, 1936
• War Circulars, 1-4 CSP, Lucknow
• Inside Lahore Fort, Sahityalaya Patna 1947
• Nation Building in India — JP Narayan
• Three Basic Problems of India. From Socialism to Sarvodaya, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1957
• A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1959
• Swaraj for the People, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi 1961
• Sarvodaya Answer to Chinese Aggression, Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore 1963
• Face to Face, Navchetna Prakashan, Varansi 1970
• Prison Diary, Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta 1976 and Popular Prakashan, Bombay 1977.

Edited works:

• Towards Struggle, edited by Yusuf Meherally, Padma Publications, Bombay 1946
• Socialism,Sarvodaya and Democracy, edited by Bimal Prasad, Asia Publishing House Bombay 1964
• Communitarian Society and Panchayti Raj, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1970
• Nation-Building in India, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi 1974
• Towards Revolution, edited by Bhargava and Phadnis, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1975
• J.P’s Jail Life (A Collection of Personal Letters) translated by G S Bhargava, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi 1977
• Towards Total Revolution, edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay 1978
• J P:Profile of a non-conformist, Interviews by Bhola Chatterji, Minerva Associates, Calcutta, 1979
• To All Fighters of Freedom II, A Revolutionary’s Quest-selected writings of Jayprakash Narayan, edited by Bimal Prasad Oxford University Press New Delhi 1980
• Concept of Total Revolution: An Introductory Essay(JP and social change) by Bimal Prasad

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Red Fugitive: Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
• Life and Time of Jayaprakash Narayan by J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore 1946
• Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography by Ajit Bhattacharyajea Vikas Publications New Delhi 1975
• J.P: His Biography, Allan and Wendy Scarfe, Orient Longmans New Delhi 1975
• Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary, by Lakshmi Narayan Lal, Indian Book Company New Delhi 1975
• Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co. Delhi 1974
• Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Pocket Books Delhi 1977.
• Bimal Prasad (editor). 1980. A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford University Press, Delhi ISBN 0-19-561204-3
• Jai Prakash Narain, Jayaprakash Narayan, Essential Writings, 1929-1979: A Centenary Volume, 1902–2002, Konark Publishers (2002) ISBN 81-220-0634-5
• Dr. Kawaljeet, J.P.'s Total Revolution and Humanism (Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, 2002). ISBN 81-86935-02-9
• Dr. Ramendra (editor), Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan [Hindi] (Patna: Rajendra Prakashan, 1986).
• Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Leftism in India: 1917-1947 (London and New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).

External links[link]

• A plea for the reconstruction of Indian polity
• Total revolution
• On Hindu revivalism
• Magsaysay award acceptance speech; Citation
• JP's visit to an RSS camp, as told by Sita Ram Goel in "Perversion of India's Political Parlance"
• JP information from Gandhi museum

v t e Indian independence movement History Colonisation East India Company British India French India Portuguese India Plassey Buxar Anglo-Mysore Wars Anglo-Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar War Vellore Mutiny First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion of 1857 British Raj more Philosophies and ideologies Indian nationalism Swaraj Hindu nationalism Gandhism Satyagraha Muslim nationalism in South Asia Swadeshi Socialism Khilafat Movement Events and movements Partition of Bengal Revolutionaries Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist The Sedetious conspiracy Champaran and Kheda Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Non-Cooperation Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt Satyagraha Round table conferences Act of 1935 Legion Freies Indien Cripps' mission Quit India Indian National Army Bombay Mutiny Coup d'État de Yanaon Provisional Government of India Organisations Indian National Congress All-India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Arya Samaj Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh India House Berlin Committee Ghadar Home Rule Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Hindustan Republican Association Swaraj Party Indian Independence League All India Kisan Sabha Azad Hind more Social reformers Bal Gangadhar Tilak Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Iqbal Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Acharya Kripalani Rahul Sankrityayan Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Shahu Maharaj Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Vitthal Ramji Shinde Mahadev Govind Ranade Swami Dayananda Saraswati Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Swami Vivekananda Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Vinoba Bhave Baba Amte Ram Mohan Roy Gopal Hari Deshmukh Indian independence activists Puli Thevar Yashwantrao Holkar Rahul Sankrityayan Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Tipu Sultan Veerapandiya Kattabomman Sangolli Rayanna Baba Ram Singh Mangal Pandey Rae Ahmed Nawaz Khan Kharal Bakht Khan Veer Kunwar Singh Rani of Jhansi Bahadur Shah Zafar Swami Dayanand Saraswati Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gopal Krishna Gokhale Dadabhai Naoroji Bhikaiji Cama Shyamji Krishna Varma Annie Besant Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Har Dayal Subramanya Bharathi Lala Lajpat Rai Bipin Chandra Pal Rash Behari Bose Chittaranjan Das Bidhan Chandra Roy Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Maulana Azad Ashfaqullah Khan Ram Prasad Bismil Chandrasekhar Azad Rajaji K. M. Munshi Bhagat Singh Hemu Kalani Sarojini Naidu Achyut Patwardhan Purushottam Das Tandon Alluri Sitaramaraju Muhammad Ali Jinnah Sardar Patel Acharya Kripalani Subhash Chandra Bose Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Jawaharlal Nehru Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Allama Mashriqi Kotwal Dhan Singh Gurjar V. K. Krishna Menon more British leaders Clive Outram Dalhousie Irwin Linlithgow Wavell Cripps Mountbatten more Independence Simla Conference Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Constitution Republic of India

v t e Bharat Ratna laureates Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) C. Rajagopalachari (1954) C. V. Raman (1954) Bhagwan Das (1955) Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya (1955) Jawaharlal Nehru (1955) Govind Ballabh Pant (1957) Dhondo Keshav Karve (1958) Bidhan Chandra Roy (1961) Purushottam Das Tandon (1961) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1962) Dr. Zakir Hussain (1963) Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963) Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966) Indira Gandhi (1971) V. V. Giri (1975) K. Kamaraj (1976) Mother Teresa (1980) Acharya Vinoba Bhave (1983) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) M. G. Ramachandran (1988) B. R. Ambedkar (1990) Nelson Mandela (1990) Rajiv Gandhi (1991) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1991) Morarji Desai (1991) Abul Kalam Azad (1992) J. R. D. Tata (1992) Satyajit Ray (1992) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997) Gulzarilal Nanda (1997) Aruna Asaf Ali (1997) M. S. Subbulakshmi (1998) Chidambaram Subramaniam (1998) Jayaprakash Narayan (1998) Ravi Shankar (1999) Amartya Sen (1999) Gopinath Bordoloi (1999) Lata Mangeshkar (2001) Bismillah Khan (2001) Bhimsen Joshi (2008)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2011)

Rajiv Pratap Rudy (born on March 30, 1962) is a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Bihar, India. He is a National Spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He holds a Commercial Pilot’s License with the specialization to fly the A-320 from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-approved SimCenter in Miami, Florida.

Early life[link]

The father of Rajiv Pratap Rudy and his several siblings died when Rajiv was aged five. They were brought up thereafter by their mother.^{[citation needed]}

Rajiv Rudy lectured at Anugrah Narayan College, Patna prior to entering state politics, but he had been involved in student politics while at Panjab University.^{[citation needed]}

He was elected in 1990 as an Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly.^{[citation needed]} Then aged 26, he was one of the youngest legislators.^{[citation needed][clarification needed]}

He was elected to the Lok Sabha - the lower house of the Parliament of India - as a candidate of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)^{[clarification needed]} in 1996.^{[citation needed]} His constituency was the remote rural area of Chapra in north Bihar.^{[citation needed]} Re–elected in 1999^{[citation needed]} and inducted as a Union Minister of State for Commerce & Industry,^[when?] Rudy subsequently became Civil Aviation Minister with an independent charge in the National Democratic Alliance government led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee.^{[citation needed]}

Rudy has had involvement with the youth wing of the BJP and has held the post of National Vice President of the Bhartiya Janata Yuva Morcha. He is now^[when?] a Member of the BJP National Executive and acts as the National Spokesperson for that party, with a specific responsibility relating to Goa.^{[citation needed]}

He is married to Neelam Pratap and has two daughters.

External links[link]

• Rudy takes flight as an A320 pilot
• Co-Pilot Rajiv Pratap Rudy reporting for duty - Indian Express
• His 2004 election contest with Laloo Prasad Yadav - an article dated April 17, 2004
• Interview dated April 30, 2004 about repoll in Chhapra (2004)
• His address to the Second India-EU Business Summit (November 2001, New Delhi) as commerce minister on website of FICCI
• His speech at the International Convention on Special Economic Zone, March 2002, New Delhi as Minister of State for Commerce, India on FICCI website
• His photographs at FICCI seminar on 'Growth Through Partnership - Doing Business with East Europe' December 11, 2002, New Delhi
• His address at the above mentioned seminar as minister of state for commerce, India
• His speech at 'Interactive Meeting with Mr George Yeo, Hon'ble Minister for Trade & Industry, Singapore', November 26, 2002, New Delhi at FICCI website
• His photographs at above mentioned meeting on FICCI website
• His speech at 'India-Latin America Health Summit', September 18-21, 2002, New Delhi as Minister of State for Commerce, India on FICCI website
• Maoism is worst threat facing Nation

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