Balarama
Bala Rama
Devanagari	बलराम
Sanskrit Transliteration	Balarāma
Affiliation	Avatar of Shesha or Vishnu
Weapon	plough and mace
Consort	Revati

Balarama (बलराम, Balarāma), also known as Baladeva, Balabhadra and Halayudha, is the elder brother of the divine being, Krishna in Hinduism. Within Vaishnavism Hindu traditions Balarama is identified and worshipped as an Avatar of Vishnu, and he is also listed as such in the Bhagavata Purana.^[1] The truth as given by Krshna Dwaipayaya Vyasa Mahabharata (original version of Mahabhrata written by Vyasa) it is clearly given in Swargarohana Parva that Balarama is an incarnation of Adishesha on which the Lord Vishnu rests. Within both the Vaishnava traditions and Hinduism generally he is known as being a manifestation of Shesha, the serpent on whom Vishnu rests.

The Bhagavata Purana describes Krishna as the original Supreme Personality of Godhead from whom everything else emanates. As part of this divine 'emanation', Krishna's very first expansion is Balarama, and from Balarama all other incarnations of God then appear. Of the three transcendental elements described in Sanskrit as sat, cit and ananda (eternity, knowledge and bliss), Balarama is in charge of eternity and knowledge. Hence he is worshipped as the supreme teacher or Adiguru^{[citation needed]}.

Life[link]

From left to right is Baladeva, Subhadra, and Jagannatha.

Various narratives related to Balarama are found in the Mahabharata, the Harivamsha, the Bhagavata Purana and several other Puranas. This summary is based on these narratives.

Birth[link]

Balarama was born as a son of Vasudeva. Kansa, the brother of Devaki and an evil king, was intent upon killing all the children of his sister because of a prediction that he would die at the hands of her eighth son. Kansa thus threw his sister Devaki and her husband Vasudeva into prison, and proceeded to kill each of their children as they were born. However, the seventh child was transferred miraculously from Devaki's womb to the womb of Vasudeva's other wife Rohini, who desired a child of her own. Thus Balarama's other name is also Samkarshan which describes the transfer of the child from the womb. Rohini gave birth to Balarama and raised him. The child was formally named Rama, but because of his great strength he was called Balarama (Strong Rama), Baladeva or Balabhadra. He was born under Shravana nakshatra on Shraavana Purnima or Raksha bandhan.

Childhood and marriage[link]

Balarama Kills Dhenukasura, Folio from a Harivamsha (Lineage of Hari, Vishnu), ca 1585-1590

One day, Nanda Maharaja requested Gargamuni, the family priest to visit their home in order to give names to Krishna and Balarama. When Gargamuni arrived at his house Nanda Maharaja, received him very well and then requested him to perform the naming ceremony. Gargamuni then reminded Nanda Maharaja that Kaṁsa was looking for the son of Devaki and said that if he performed the ceremony very opulently it would come to the notice of Kansa, who would then suspect that Krishna was the son of Devaki. Nanda Maharaja therefore asked Gargamuni to perform the ceremony in secret, and Gargamuni did so giving the reasons for Balarama's names as follows:

"Because Balarama, the son of Rohini, increases the transcendental bliss of others, His name is Rama, and because of His extraordinary strength, He is called Baladeva. He attracts the Yadus to follow His instructions, and therefore His name is Sankarshana." Bhagavata Purana 10.8.12 Balarama spent his childhood as a cowherd boy with his brother Krishna and friends. He killed Dhenukasura, an asura sent by King Kansa and later Mushtika, a wrestler of Kansa before Kansa's death. After Kansa's death, he and Krishna went to the sage Sandipani's ashrama at Ujjayini for study. He later married Revati, the daughter of King Kakudmi, ruler of Kuśasthalī or Anarta^[2]

In the Kurukṣetra war of the Mahābhārata[link]

Duryodana was defeated by Bhima - A scene from Razmanama

Balarama famously taught both Duryodhana of the Kauravas and Bhima of the Pandavas the art of fighting with a mace. When war broke between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, Balarama was equally affectionate to both parties and so decided to be neutral. Eventually when Bhima (of greater strength) defeated Duryodhana (of greater skill) by dealing a blow below the navel with his mace (a move against the rules of mace combat), Balarama threatened to kill Bhima. This was only prevented when Krishna reminded Balarama of Bhima's vow to kill Duryodhana by crushing the very thigh he exposed to his wife Draupadi.^{[citation needed]}

Death[link]

Balarama sat down in a meditative state

In the Bhagavata Purana it is described that after Balarama took part in the battle that caused the destruction of the rest of the Yadu dynasty, and after he witnessed the disappearance of Krishna, he then sat down in a meditative state and departed from this world.^[3] In some accounts it is described that a great white snake left Balarama's mouth at this point in reference to his identity as Ananta-Sesha. And the place where he departed from this world is situated about 1 km far from Somnath Temple in Gujarat. There is one cave at that place and the white snake who came out of Balarama's mouth got into that cave and went back to Paatal Lok as the local people of Veraval say.

Worship[link]

Coin of Maues depicting Balarama, 1st century BCE.

One of the early references of Balarama worship is found in Kautilya's Arthashastra (13.3)^[4] Early individual Balarama worship was followed by his worship along with Krishna by various Vaishnava sects.The most revered temple of Krishna & Balarama is in Jagannatha Puri.

Vaikhanasa belief[link]

Sage Atri's Samurtachanadhikara of vaikhanasas, the most ancient school of vaishnava theology says protocols for building of temples and idol for Balarama with his consort

Pancharatra belief[link]

The Pancharatras, one of the earliest Vaishnava sects worshipped Samkarshana as the second vyuha of Godhead.

Gaudiya Vaishnava belief[link]

Krishna-Balarama deities at the Krishna-Balarama Temple in Vrindavan

Gaudiya Vaishnavas believe that Balarama is the Supreme Personality of Godhead himself. He is worshipped as equal in supremacy to Krishna, yet wherever Krishna appears, Baladeva appears as Krishna's brother, sometimes elder, sometimes younger. Balarama is constantly serving Krishna in every respect in all of Krishna's incarnations and manifestations. In Rama-lila, Balarama serves Ramachandra as his younger Brother, Lakshmana and in the current age (Kali-yuga), Balarama spreads the 'Sankirtan movement' of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu as his close friend Nityananda.^{[citation needed]}

The only theological difference between Krishna and Balarama is that the bodily hue of Krishna is dark and that of Balarama is fair. Krishna is the Creator, and Balarama is his creative potency, but they are both worshipped as the Supreme Primeval Lord.^{[citation needed]}

Iconography[link]

Balarama in Javanese Wayang

Balarama is almost always depicted as being fair skinned, especially in comparison to his brother, Krishna, who is shown as dark blue or black. His āyudhas (weapons) are the hala (plough) and the gadā (mace). Traditionally Balarama wears blue garments and a garland of forest flowers. His hair is tied in a topknot and he has earrings, bracelets and armlets. Balarama is described as being physically very strong.^{[citation needed]}

In Jainism[link]

The Jain Puranas, notably, the Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacarita of Acharya Hemachandra, narrate hagiographical accounts of nine Baladevas or Balabhadras, who are believed to be the śalākāpuruṣas (literally "torch-bearers, great personalities"). These nine Baladevas are: Achala, Vijaya, Bhadra, Suprabha, Sudarśana, Ānanda, Nandana, Padma (Rama in Hinduism) and Rāma (Balarama in Hinduism).^[5]

Temples[link]

• Puri
• Kendrapara, Baladevjew Temple.
• Ananta Vasudeva Temple

Quotations[link]

• "Lord Balarama is the original Vishnu; therefore anyone remembering these pastimes of Lord Balarama in the morning and the evening will certainly become a great devotee of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and thus his life will become successful in all respects." - A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada^{[citation needed]}

• "The splendor of Lord Balarama's transcendental form eclipses many millions of glistening rising moons, and the slightest scent of His boundless strength is sufficient to destroy many armies of demons." - From Appreciating Sri Vrindavana Dhama, pg. 111

Balarama, holding mace and conch on a Maurya coin (lower right), 3rd-2nd century CE. British Museum.

See also[link]

• Jagannatha
• Lakshmana
• Nityananda
• Shesha
• Subhadra
• Vishnu

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Balarama

• Who is Lord Balarama (Overview)
• 1000 names of Lord Balarama
• Vedic Encyclopedia - Sri Balarama's Pilgrimage
• Balarama avatar - Bhagavata Purana
• Krishna-Balarama Temple
• Krishna & Balarama Deity Gallery - Vrindavan.com
• Krishna & Balarama Deity Gallery - Vrindavan-dham.com

v t e Avatars of Vishnu Dashavatara Matsya Kurma Varaha Narasimha Vamana Parashurama Rama Krishna Balarama1 Buddha1 Kalki Other avatars Catursana Narada Nara-Narayana Kapila Dattatreya Yajna Rishabha Prithu Dhanvantari Mohini Vyasa Prsnigarbha Hayagriva Hamsa 1 Buddha or Balarama is considered the avatar of Vishnu, depending on the tradition. In North India, Buddha is included and in South India, Balarama.

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v t e Jagannath Worship Deities Jagannath Balarama Subhadra Sudarshana Chakra Temples Orissa Puri Gundicha Temple Baripada Koraput Nayagarh Bhubaneswar Kendrapara Chhatia Bata Dharakote Patali Srikhetra India Agartala Delhi Hyderabad Ranchi Abroad Comilla Dhamrai Pabna South Africa Sialkot Festivals and Ceremonies Chandan Yatra Dola Yatra Panchaka Nabakalevara Rath Yatra Snana Yatra Texts Bhagavata Purana Brahma Purana Gita Govinda Kapila Purana Madala Panji Skanda Purana Dahuka boli Devotees Chaitanya Jayadeva Salabega

Ramya Krishnan (^[1] born 15 September 1967) is an actress who performs in Indian cinema. She has acted in over 200 films in five languages: Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.

Early life and background[link]

Ramya Krishnan was born in a Tamil Iyer family, in Chennai.^[1] She had initial training in Bharathanatyam and Kuchipudi dance forms and had given many stage performances. She is the niece of veteran Tamil comedian Cho Ramaswamy.

Film Career[link]

Ramya started her acting career at the age of 13 and has an acting career spanning over 28 years. She first played the lead role in Vellai Manasu, a Tamil film opposite Y. Gee. Mahendra. She was studying in 9th standard when she acted in that film.

She is most noted for roles of the Goddess in Tamil and Telugu films, notably Ammoru (Amman in Tamil), Rajakaliamman, Sree Raja Rajaeshwari, Annai Kaligambal, Kutty Pisasu and Madurai Meenatchi. One of her earliest movie roles was in the Kannada film Krishna Rukmini which has been followed with Gadibidi Ganda, Mangalyam Thanthunanaena and Raktha Kanneeru.

Her role in Rajnikanth’s Padayappa, in which she played the villainous Neelambari opposite Rajni won accolades from all over. Padayappa (1999) was also released in Japan, Singapore, London and Paris. After Padayappa she acted in Panchathanthiram opposite Kamal Hassan, Paattali and Paarai with Sarathkumar, Vaanjinathan with Vijaykanth, Budget Pathmanaban and Aayiram Poi Solli with Prabhu, and Asathal with Satyaraj. She appeared in item numbers for the movies Rhythm and Kuthu and in Hindi films such as Khalnayak and Dayavan.

Ramya's first Telugu film was Bhalae Mithrulu. She achieved fame through Kasinadhuni Viswanath’s Suthradharulu, released in 1987. She emerged as one of the leading actresses in the Telugu industry alongside Radha, Banupriya, Vijayashanti, and Soundarya during 80s and 90s. She has been paired with leading actors such as N. T. Rama Rao, Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Mohan Babu, Chiranjeevi, Nagarjuna, Venkatesh, Balakrishna, Jagapati Babu, Rajendra Prasad, Srikanth, Dr Rajasekhar, Junior NTR, and Mahesh Babu. She bagged two prestigious Nandi Awards from the Government of Andhra Pradesh and a National Award from the Indian Government as well. She won the Special Jury award for her performance in Dasari Narayana Rao's film Kante Koothurne Kanu from the Andhra Pradesh state government.^[2]

Her biggest Kannada hits include Gadibidi Ganda and Mangalyam Thanthunanaena with V. Ravichandran and Raktha Kanneeru with Upendra.^[3]

She has also acted in more than 25 Malayalam movies with superstars like Mohanlal, Mammooty, and Jayaram. She had won rave reviews for her role in the Malayalam film ‘Ore Kadal’, released in 2007.^[4]

She has performed in some stage shows in New York, Dallas, San Jose, and Cincinnati. She started a company in the name of her son Ritwik. She is now hosting the entertainment show Zara Masti Zara Dhoom.

She was a judge in a dancing show on Star Vijay: Jodi Number One, season 1, followed by season 5.

Personal life[link]

She married Telugu film director Krishna Vamsi on 12 June 2003 and has since then settled in Hyderabad. She has a son named Ritwik.^[5]

Awards[link]

Filmfare Awards

• Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Padayappa (1999)
• Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam (2009)

Tamil Nadu State Film Awards

• Tamil Nadu State Film Awards Best Actress (Special Prize) - Padayappa (1999)

Nandi Awards

• Nandi Award for Best Actress - Kante Koothurne Kanu (1998)
• Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress - Raju Maharaju (2009)

Dubai Amma Awards 2007

• Best Supporting Actress - Malayalam - Ore Kadal (2007)

Amrita Film Awards 2007

• Best Supporting Actress - Malayalam - Ore Kadal (2007)

Sun TV Family Awards

• Best Actress Special Award - Thangam (2009)

Filmography[link]

Telugu[link]