- published: 14 May 2013
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Send this Playlist by SMS
Roman Scandals (1933)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 92:09
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
This is my favorite movie of all time!! A young man by the name of, Eddie has a heart of gold, but always seems to end up getting in trouble. He has this gre...
http://wn.com/Roman_Scandals_1933
This is my favorite movie of all time!! A young man by the name of, Eddie has a heart of gold, but always seems to end up getting in trouble. He has this gre...
Fly American! 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:41
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Early American Airways promotional film with twin engine Curtiss Condor airplanes showing plane interiors and passengers, airport facilities, pilots and cock...
http://wn.com/Fly_American!_1933
Early American Airways promotional film with twin engine Curtiss Condor airplanes showing plane interiors and passengers, airport facilities, pilots and cock...
- published: 29 May 2008
- views: 123976
- author: travelfilmarchive
Gold Diggers of 1933 - "We're in the Money"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
The famous opening song from the film Gold Diggers of 1933, performed by Ginger Rogers. All musical scenes in the film, including this one, were choreographe...
http://wn.com/Gold_Diggers_of_1933_We're_in_the_Money
The famous opening song from the film Gold Diggers of 1933, performed by Ginger Rogers. All musical scenes in the film, including this one, were choreographe...
- published: 07 Aug 2009
- views: 459635
- author: chackwor
The Whitehouse Coup (1933) 1 of 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
The "Business Plot" (also the Plot Against FDR and the White House Putsch) was an alleged political conspiracy in 1933 wherein wealthy businessmen and corpor...
http://wn.com/The_Whitehouse_Coup_1933_1_of_3
The "Business Plot" (also the Plot Against FDR and the White House Putsch) was an alleged political conspiracy in 1933 wherein wealthy businessmen and corpor...
- published: 21 Dec 2008
- views: 82135
- author: ThisWeekInFascism
President Franklin Roosevelt 1933 Inauguration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:13
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
http://www.c-spanarchives.org/library/vidLink.php?b=1105855463&e;=1105856675&n;=001 Newsreel footage of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first inauguratio...
http://wn.com/President_Franklin_Roosevelt_1933_Inauguration
http://www.c-spanarchives.org/library/vidLink.php?b=1105855463&e;=1105856675&n;=001 Newsreel footage of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first inauguratio...
- published: 14 Jan 2009
- views: 511356
- author: CSPAN
1933 - Der Sieg des Glaubens - Reichsparteitag 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:25
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Sieg des Glaubens ist ein Film von Leni Riefenstahl über den 5. Reichsparteitag der NSDAP vom 1. bis zum 3. September 1933 in Nürnberg. Er ist einer der drei...
http://wn.com/1933_Der_Sieg_des_Glaubens_Reichsparteitag_1933
Sieg des Glaubens ist ein Film von Leni Riefenstahl über den 5. Reichsparteitag der NSDAP vom 1. bis zum 3. September 1933 in Nürnberg. Er ist einer der drei...
- published: 05 Feb 2012
- views: 21048
- author: gibsdensowas68
Walt Disney's ''The 3 Little Pigs'' (1933)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:10
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney's_''The_3_Little_Pigs''_1933
"I Lived With You" (1933) Ivor Novello, Ursula Jeans & Ida Lupino
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 95:07
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
Dir. Maurice Elvey Cast: Ivor Novello, Ursula Jeans, Ida Lupino, Minnie Rayner, Eliot Makeham, Cicely Oates and Jack Hawkins Adapted from Mr. Novello's hit s...
http://wn.com/I_Lived_With_You_1933_Ivor_Novello,_Ursula_Jeans_Ida_Lupino
Dir. Maurice Elvey Cast: Ivor Novello, Ursula Jeans, Ida Lupino, Minnie Rayner, Eliot Makeham, Cicely Oates and Jack Hawkins Adapted from Mr. Novello's hit s...
- published: 16 Jun 2013
- views: 286
- author: deneuvefan1939
Das Ermächtigungsgesetz 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:06
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
Hier bei handelt es sich um eine rede, von Otto Wels (SPD) & Adolf Hitler (NSDAP) über das Ermächtigungsgesetz 1933.
http://wn.com/Das_Ermächtigungsgesetz_1933
Hier bei handelt es sich um eine rede, von Otto Wels (SPD) & Adolf Hitler (NSDAP) über das Ermächtigungsgesetz 1933.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 4410
- author: Germany0109
Dutch Guiana - Land of the Djuka 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 08 Aug 2013
A tour of Dutch Guiana (Suriname)in the 1930s. Footage from this film is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com.
http://wn.com/Dutch_Guiana_Land_of_the_Djuka_1933
A tour of Dutch Guiana (Suriname)in the 1930s. Footage from this film is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com.
- published: 19 Apr 2008
- views: 53243
- author: travelfilmarchive
ZDF History XXL Jahreschronik des Dritten Reichs - 1933 bis 1935: Gleichschaltung
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:40
- Updated: 03 Aug 2013
ZDF History xxl Die Jahreschronik des Dritten Reichs - 1. 1933 bis 1935: Gleichschaltung. Der erste Teil der Dokumentation Jahreschronik des Dritten Reichs. ...
http://wn.com/ZDF_History_XXL_Jahreschronik_des_Dritten_Reichs_1933_bis_1935_Gleichschaltung
ZDF History xxl Die Jahreschronik des Dritten Reichs - 1. 1933 bis 1935: Gleichschaltung. Der erste Teil der Dokumentation Jahreschronik des Dritten Reichs. ...
- published: 30 May 2013
- views: 478
- author: TheFrontal21
Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:12
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
Lionel Atwill ... Ivan Igor Fay Wray ... Charlotte Duncan.
http://wn.com/Mystery_of_the_Wax_Museum_1933
Lionel Atwill ... Ivan Igor Fay Wray ... Charlotte Duncan.
- published: 04 Aug 2013
- views: 110
- author: LightShadeMovieIII
Gold Diggers 1933 Remember My Forgotten Man
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:50
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Gold_Diggers_1933_Remember_My_Forgotten_Man
Adolf Hitler - 1933 Speaks in Bürgerbräukeller
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Adolf Hitler - 1933 Speaks in Bürgerbräukeller.
http://wn.com/Adolf_Hitler_1933_Speaks_in_Bürgerbräukeller
Adolf Hitler - 1933 Speaks in Bürgerbräukeller.
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 747
- author: Patriot1418
Gold Diggers 1933 We're In The Money
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
http://wn.com/Gold_Diggers_1933_We're_In_The_Money
Les Trois Petits Cochons (1933)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:16
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Les 3 petits cochons.
http://wn.com/Les_Trois_Petits_Cochons_1933
King Kong (1933): The Lost Spider Pit Sequence - Peter Jackson Recreation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Peter Jackson's superb recreation of the infamous lost scene.
http://wn.com/King_Kong_1933_The_Lost_Spider_Pit_Sequence_Peter_Jackson_Recreation
Peter Jackson's superb recreation of the infamous lost scene.
- published: 12 Aug 2012
- views: 50382
- author: A Lamont
King Kong 1933-2005
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:13
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Secuencia final de la película King Kong de 1933 con la banda sonora del remake realizado en el 2005 por Peter Jackson compuesta por James Newton Howard. Exp...
http://wn.com/King_Kong_1933-2005
Secuencia final de la película King Kong de 1933 con la banda sonora del remake realizado en el 2005 por Peter Jackson compuesta por James Newton Howard. Exp...
- published: 27 May 2011
- views: 237669
- author: AndySDi
Jay-Z Photographed Back in 1933?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:10
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
1933 Photograph of Jay-Z? Subscribe to http://www.YouTube.com/MarkDice http://www.Facebook.com/MarkDice http://www.Twitter.com/MarkDice Check out The Illumin...
http://wn.com/Jay-Z_Photographed_Back_in_1933?
1933 Photograph of Jay-Z? Subscribe to http://www.YouTube.com/MarkDice http://www.Facebook.com/MarkDice http://www.Twitter.com/MarkDice Check out The Illumin...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 103041
- author: MarkDice
La llorona 1933 (Pelicula completa)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:34
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Dos historias enmarcadas por una fiesta de cumpleaños que es interrumpida por un asesinato y un secuestro. Una mujer (Zea) maldice a una familia por haber pe...
http://wn.com/La_llorona_1933_Pelicula_completa
Dos historias enmarcadas por una fiesta de cumpleaños que es interrumpida por un asesinato y un secuestro. Una mujer (Zea) maldice a una familia por haber pe...
- published: 18 Nov 2011
- views: 1159886
- author: ImNotNormanBates
King Kong 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
http://www.editionsmontparnasse.fr/product?product_id=632 http://www.facebook.com/EditionsMontparnasse Figurante sans travail, Ann Darrow est engagée par le ...
http://wn.com/King_Kong_1933
http://www.editionsmontparnasse.fr/product?product_id=632 http://www.facebook.com/EditionsMontparnasse Figurante sans travail, Ann Darrow est engagée par le ...
- published: 19 Dec 2006
- views: 1068378
- author: editionsmontparnasse
The Big Plantation - Full - The UNITED STATES is a Corporation 1933 Bankruptcy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:34
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Are you a slave? Is the USA a corporation? Is the USA a plantation? What is the world leading to in the end? History untold, compiled for easy listening. LIK...
http://wn.com/The_Big_Plantation_Full_The_UNITED_STATES_is_a_Corporation_1933_Bankruptcy
Are you a slave? Is the USA a corporation? Is the USA a plantation? What is the world leading to in the end? History untold, compiled for easy listening. LIK...
- published: 15 Mar 2013
- views: 5410
- author: mercen144
Les Trois Petits Cochons (1933) - Walt Disney
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:10
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Pour voir le court-métrage Trois Petits Loups (1936), qui fait suite à celui-ci : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alaNkkpSetg Les Trois Petits Cochons, le gra...
http://wn.com/Les_Trois_Petits_Cochons_1933_Walt_Disney
Pour voir le court-métrage Trois Petits Loups (1936), qui fait suite à celui-ci : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alaNkkpSetg Les Trois Petits Cochons, le gra...
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 1557912
- author: 57Bubudu57
photo: Creative Commons / Ar-ras
22 Oct 2013
The sultanate of Brunei has announced it will enforce a tough new Sharia law penal code. The code - to apply only to Muslims - is expected to introduce death by stoning for adulterers and the severing of limbs for theft. Brunei already adheres to a stronger form of Islamic law than neighbouring Malaysia and Indonesia, banning the sale and consumption of alcohol ... 'Near zero' ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
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The Dallas Morning News
23 Oct 2013
Tree plantings have changed the look of Kiest Park ever since newspaper publisher Edwin J. Kiest gave the city 176 acres for a playland in the wilds of Oak Cliff in 1930 ... In May 1933, representatives of the Sterling Price Camp of the United Confederate Veterans planted a memorial grove of 33 walnut trees at the park in honor of past and current members ... While the 1933 walnut grove is apparently history ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
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The Charlotte Observer
23 Oct 2013
WASHINGTON Christine Wente began organizing her family’s winemaking lore even before the Smithsonian curators came calling ... Fair warning, though. Even with a topic as potentially juicy as winemaking during Prohibition, the focus remains on the up-and-up ... The Anti-Saloon League won the battle for a time, as Prohibition was enacted to ban the sale of most alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933 ... 5, 1933 ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
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PR Newswire
23 Oct 2013
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct ... Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act"), and may not be offered or sold in the United States without registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Act. The statements in this release that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended....(size: 5.0Kb)
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noodls
23 Oct 2013
(Source ... Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act"), and may not be offered or sold in the United States without registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Act. The statements in this release that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended....(size: 5.2Kb)
Edit
Canada Newswire
23 Oct 2013
/NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION TO U.S. NEWS WIRE SERVICES OR DISSEMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES./. TORONTO, Oct ... Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered, sold or delivered, directly or indirectly, in the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, ''U.S. persons'' (as defined in Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended) except pursuant to certain exemptions ... persons ... Media ... Investors ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
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Buffalo News
23 Oct 2013
1. On what date did Paul Revere and William Dawes ride to warn that the British were coming?. 2 ... 3 ... The unemployment depth of the Great Depression occurred in 1933 when one-sixth, one-fifth or one-fourth of the U.S ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
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noodls
23 Oct 2013
(Source. Evergrande Real Estate Group Limited) ... The securities referred to herein have not been and will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold in the United States or outside the United States to any U.S. persons absent registration or an applicable exemption from registration ... (Stock Code. 3333) ... ''Securities Act'' the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended;....(size: 8.1Kb)
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Business Wire
23 Oct 2013
The Hotel Hershey (1933) Hershey, Pennsylvania The Willard InterContinental (1850) Washington, D.C ... Ken Price, Palmer House Hilton (1875) Chicago, Illinois George Moore, The Battle House Renaissance Mobile Hotel & Spa (1852) Mobile, Alabama Albert Rossi, The Hotel Hershey (1933) Hershey, Pennsylvania Legendary Family Historic Hoteliers of the ......(size: 23.0Kb)
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U~T San Diego
23 Oct 2013
Regarding the Oct. 17 editorial “GOP. Losing the battle, winning the war,” the use of the terms “battle” and “winning the war” weary me. Far too many have never served in uniform and never taken the oath to uphold the Constitution ... Isn’t the real enemy distrust, discord and self-interest? ... Lawrence D ... In 1933, after a massive organized crime spree by the likes of Al Capone, the American people repealed prohibition with the 21st Amendment ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
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Stockhouse
23 Oct 2013
In a continuing effort to build its asset base, First Titan Corp. (OTCBB ... This news release contains forward-looking information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements that include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipate” or similar expressions....(size: 3.1Kb)
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PR Newswire
23 Oct 2013
LAS VEGAS, October 23, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --. Amarium Technologies Inc. (OTC ... "It is our responsibility to mine, process, transport and load copper at the port facility ... Mr ... Such forward-looking statements are within the meaning of that term in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ... Amarium Technologies, Inc ... Amarium Technologies, Inc ... Contacts. ... Fax ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
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Crestwood Midstream Partners LP Announces Pricing of Private Offering of $600 Million Senior Notes due 2022 (Inergy Holdings LP)
noodls23 Oct 2013
(Source. Inergy Holdings LP). HOUSTON, Oct ... CMLP) ("Crestwood Midstream") announced today that it has priced $600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 6.125 percent Senior Notes due 2022 (the "Notes") issued in a private offering that is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") ... About Crestwood Midstream Partners LP ... CONTACT ... Phone....(size: 3.6Kb)
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PR Newswire
23 Oct 2013
My news for Investors. AtLeast one of the check box should be selected You are following news about Follow the latest news about ATK. ARLINGTON, Va., Oct ... The Notes and the related subsidiary guarantees will be offered in the United States to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and outside the United States only to non-U.S ... Among those factors are ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
This article is about the year 1933.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1900s 1910s 1920s – 1930s – 1940s 1950s 1960s |
| Years: | 1930 1931 1932 – 1933 – 1934 1935 1936 |
| 1933 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1933 MCMXXXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2686 |
| Armenian calendar | 1382 ԹՎ ՌՅՁԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6683 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 89–90 |
| Bengali calendar | 1340 |
| Berber calendar | 2883 |
| British Regnal year | 22 Geo. 5 – 23 Geo. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2477 |
| Burmese calendar | 1295 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7441–7442 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬申年十二月初六日 (4569/4629-12-6) — to —
癸酉年十一月十五日(4570/4630-11-15) |
| Coptic calendar | 1649–1650 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1925–1926 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5693–5694 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1989–1990 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1855–1856 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5034–5035 |
| Holocene calendar | 11933 |
| Iranian calendar | 1311–1312 |
| Islamic calendar | 1351–1352 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 8 (昭和8年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4266 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 22 民國22年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2476 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1933 |
Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
Events[link]
January[link]
Main article: January 1933
- January 5 – Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge begins in San Francisco Bay.
- January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.
- January 15 – Political violence causes almost 100 deaths in Spain.
- January 17 – The U.S. Congress votes favorably for Philippines independence, against the view of President Herbert Hoover.
- January 23 – The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, changing Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20 starting in 1937.
- January 28 – The word Pakistan comes into being and is recognized by the Pakistan Movement to press for freedom.
- January 30
- Edouard Daladier forms a government in France.
- Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg.
- The Lone Ranger debuts on American radio.
- January – The London Underground diagram designed by Harry Beck is introduced to the public.[1]
February[link]
Main article: February 1933
- February 1 – Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in Berlin.
- February 2 – A second international conference on disarmament ends without results, It tries to limit the army sizes of the major powers, while Germany is entitled to 200,000, Germany leaves the conference because a plan postpones the limitations for 4 years.
- February 4 – A mutiny starts on the Dutch pantserschip De Zeven Provinciën.
- February 6 – The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution goes into effect.
- February 6–February 7 – Officers on the USS Ramapo record a 34-meter high sea-wave in the Pacific Ocean.
- February 9 – The King and Country debate: The Oxford Union student debating society in England passes a resolution stating, "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and country."[2]
- February 10 – The New York City-based Postal Telegraph Company introduces the first singing telegram.
- February 15 – In Miami, Florida, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead fatally wounds Chicago Mayor Anton J. Cermak.
- February 17
- Newsweek magazine is published for the first time.
- The Blaine Act passes the United States Senate, submitting the proposed 21st Amendment to the Constitution to the states for ratification. The amendment is ratified on December 5, ending prohibition in the United States.
- February 27 – Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on fire (see Reichstag fire).
- February 28 – The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in response to the Reichstag fire, nullifying many German civil liberties.
March[link]
Main article: March 1933
- March 2 – The original film version of King Kong, starring Fay Wray, premieres at Radio City Music Hall and the RKO Roxy Theatre in New York City.
- March 3
- Ching Yun University is established.
- Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.
- A powerful earthquake and tsunami hit Honshū, Japan, killing some 3,000.
- March 4
- U.S. President Herbert Hoover is succeeded by Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), who in reference to the Great Depression, proclaims "The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself" in his inauguration speech. FDR is sworn in by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes. It is also the last time Inauguration Day in the United States occurs on March 4.
- Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, and the first female member of the United States Cabinet.
- The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure; Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates authoritarian rule by decree (see Austrofascism).
- March 5
- The Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "Bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions (the 'holiday' ends on March 13).
- German election, 1933: National Socialists gain 43.9% of the votes.
- March 6 – Mayor Anton Cermak of Chicago dies of the wound he received on February 15.
- March 9 – Great Depression: The U.S. Congress begins its first 100 days of enacting New Deal legislation.
- March 10 – An earthquake in Long Beach, California kills 117 people.
- March 12 – Great Depression: Franklin Delano Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States, in the first of his "Fireside Chats".
- March 15
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises from 53.84 to 62.10. The day's gain of 15.34%, achieved during the depths of the Great Depression, remains to date as the largest 1-day percentage gain for the index.
- Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the National Council from convening, starting the Austrofascist dictatorship.
- March 20 – Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed (it opens March 22).
- March 22 – President Franklin Roosevelt signs an amendment to the Volstead Act known as the Cullen-Harrison Act, allowing the manufacture and sale of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines. [3]
- March 23 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
- March 24 – Jews call for a boycott of German goods.
- March 27 – Japan leaves the League of Nations.
- March 31 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.
April[link]
Main article: April 1933
- April 1 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany.
- April 2 – In a cricket test match against New Zealand, England batsman Wally Hammond scores a record 336 runs.[4]
- April 3
- An anti-monarchist rebellion occurs in Siam (Thailand).
- First flight over Mount Everest, a British expedition, led by the Marquis of Clydesdale, and funded by Lucy, Lady Houston
- April 4 – The American airship Akron crashes off the coast of New Jersey, leaving 73 dead.
- April 5
- The International Court in the Hague decides that Greenland belongs to Denmark and condemns Norwegian landings on eastern Greenland. Norway submits to the decision.
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a national emergency and issues Executive Order 6102, making it illegal for American citizens to own gold.
- April 7
- Beer is legalized in the United States, eight months before the full repeal of Prohibition in December.
- The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service is passed in Germany.
- April 11 – Aviator Bill Lancaster takes off in England, in an attempt to make a speed record to the Cape of Good Hope, but vanishes (his body is not found in the Sahara Desert until 1962).
- April 13 – The Children and Young Persons Act is passed in the United Kingdom.
- April 19 – The United States officially goes off the gold standard.
- April 21 – Nazi Germany outlaws the kosher ritual shechita.
- April 26
- The Gestapo is established in Germany.
- Editors of the Harvard Lampoon steal the Sacred Cod of Massachusetts from the State House (it is returned two days later).
- April 27
- The Jessop & Son department store in Nottingham, England is acquired by John Lewis Partnership (its first store outside of London).
- The Stahlhelm organization joins the Nazi party.
May[link]
Main article: May 1933
- May 2
- The first alleged modern sighting of the Loch Ness Monster occurs.
- Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler prohibits trade unions.
- May 3
- In the Irish Free State, Dáil Éireann abolishes the Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown.
- Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first woman to be named director of the United States Mint.
- May 5 – The detection by Karl Jansky of radio waves from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy is reported in the New York Times. The discovery leads to the birth of radio astronomy.
- May 8 – Mohandas Gandhi begins a 3-week hunger strike because of the mistreatment of the lower castes.
- May 10
- In Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings.
- Paraguay declares war on Bolivia.
- May 12 – Agricultural Adjustment Act is enacted in the USA.
- May 17 – Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form The Nasjonal Samling (the National-Socialist Party) of Norway.
- May 18 – New Deal: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.
- May 26 – The Nazi Party in Germany introduces a law to legalize eugenic sterilization.
- May 27
- New Deal: The Federal Securities Act is signed into law, requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.
- The Century of Progress World's Fair opens in Chicago.
- Walt Disney's classic Silly Symphony cartoon The Three Little Pigs is first released.
June[link]
Main article: June 1933
- June 5 – The U.S. Congress abrogates the United States' use of the gold standard by enacting a joint resolution (48 Stat. 112) nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold.
- June 6 – The first drive-in theater opens in Camden, New Jersey.
- June 12 – The London Economic Conference is held.
- June 17 – Union Station massacre: In Kansas City, Missouri, Pretty Boy Floyd kills an FBI agent, 3 local police, and the person they intended to rescue, captured bank robber Frank Nash.
- June 21 – All non-Nazi parties are forbidden in Germany.
- June 25 – Wilmersdorfer Tennishallen delegates convene in Berlin to protest against the persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany.
- June 26 – The American Totalisator Company unveils its first electronic pari-mutuel betting machine at the Arlington Park race track near Chicago.
July[link]
Main article: July 1933
- July 1 – The London Passenger Transport Board is founded.
- July 4 – Gandhi is sentenced to prison in India.
- July 6 – The first Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played at Comiskey Park in Chicago.
- July 14 – Forming new political parties is forbidden in Germany.
- July 15
- Signing of the Four-Power Pact by Britain, France, Germany and Italy.[4]
- International Left Opposition (ILO) is renamed International Communist League (ICL).
- July 20 – Vatican state secretary Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) signs an accord with Hitler.
- July 22
- Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world, traveling 15,596 mi (25,099 km) in 7 days 18 hours 45 minutes.
- "Machine-Gun" Kelly and Albert Bates kidnap Charles Urschel, an Oklahoma oilman, and demand $200,000 ransom.
- July 24 – Several members of the Barrow Gang are injured or captured during a running battle with local police near Dexter, Iowa.
August[link]
- August – Simele massacre: More than 3,000 Assyrian Iraqis are killed by the government.
- August 1 – The Blue Eagle emblem of the National Recovery Administration is displayed publicly for the first time.
- August 2 – Opening of the Stalin White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal, a 227 km navigable waterway constructed using forced labour in the Soviet Union connecting the White Sea with Lake Onega and the Baltic.
- August 12 – Winston Churchill makes his first public speech warning of the dangers of German rearmament.[5]
- August 14 – Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres (970 km2).
- August 25 – The Diexi earthquake shakes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.
- August 30
- Theodor Lessing is assassinated in Marienbad (Mariánské Lázně), Czechoslovakia.
- Air France begins operations with 250 planes.
September[link]
- September 3 – Alejandro Lerroux forms a new government in Spain.
- September 12 – Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.
- September 26 – A tornado destroys the town of Tampico, Mexico.
October[link]
- October 1 – A failed assassination attempt against Englebert Dolfuss seriously injures him.
- October 10 – A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed near Chesterton, Indiana, by a bomb. This is the first proven case of air sabotage in commercial airline history.
- October 12 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a federal penitentiary.
- October 16 – Germany announces its intention to leave the League of Nations.
- October 17 – Albert Einstein arrives in the United States as a refugee from Nazi Germany; he accepts a position at Princeton University.
November[link]
- November 5 – Spanish Basques vote for autonomy.
- November 8 – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
- November 11 – Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands (one of a series of disastrous dust storms that year).
- November 16
- The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.
- President of Brazil Getulio Vargas names himself dictator.
- November 19 – Spanish Second Republic: General elections result in victory by the right-wing parties.
- November 22 – The Fujian People's Government is declared in Fujian Province, China.
December[link]
- December 5 – The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, repealing Prohibition.
- December 15 – The US 21st Amendment officially goes into effect, alcohol becomes legal in the US.
- December 18 – Korean Empire (South Korea and North Korea) is founded.
- December 21
- Newfoundland returns to Crown Colony status following financial collapse.[5]
- The British Plastics Federation (the oldest in the world) is founded.
- December 24 – A train crash in Lagny[disambiguation needed
], France kills over 200. - December 26
- December 29 – Members of the Iron Guard assassinate Ion Gheorghe Duca, prime minister of Romania.
Date unknown[link]
- The United States Federal Government outlaws cannabis.
- A coup attempt against Franklin Delano Roosevelt fails in the United States (see Smedley Butler).
- US President Roosevelt rejects socialism and government ownership of industry.
- Nazi Germany forms the Expert Committee on Questions of Population and Racial Policy under Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick.
- The Holodomor famine takes place in Ukraine.
- The first doughnut store under the Krispy Kreme name opens in Nashville, Tennessee.[6]
- Jimmie Angel becomes the first foreigner to see the Angel Falls (they are named after him).
- The Adélaïde Concerto, a spurious work attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is published as "edited" (actually composed) by Marius Casadesus.
- 15 million unemployed in the USA.
- Five coalition cabinets form and fall in France.
- Turkey concludes a treaty with the creditors of the former Ottoman Empire to schedule the payments in Paris. (Turkey succeeds in clearing all the debt in less than twenty years.)
- The British Interplanetary Society is founded.
- The first dated ISCF group is started in Australia at North Sydney Boys High School, with the group still running today.
- English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33: The England cricket team wins The Ashes using the controversial bodyline tactic.[4]
Births[link]
January[link]
- January 2
- On Kawara, Japanese conceptual artist
- Morimura Seiichi, Japanese novelist and author
- January 6
- Oleg Makarov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2003)
- Emil Steinberger, Swiss comedian, director, and writer
- January 8 – Charles Osgood, American journalist and commentator (CBS Sunday Morning)
- January 9 – Robert Garcia, American politician
- January 14 – Stan Brakhage, American filmmaker (d. 2003)
- January 16 – Susan Sontag, American author (d. 2004)
- January 17
- Dalida, French singer (d. 1987)
- Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, French U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (d. 2003)
- January 18 – John Boorman, English film director
- January 23 – Chita Rivera, American actress and dancer
- January 25 – Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (d. 2009)
February[link]
- February 2 – Tony Jay, British-American actor (d. 2006)
- February 6 – Leslie Crowther, British TV comedian & game show host (d. 1996)
- February 7 – John Anderton, English footballer
- February 8 – Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano
- February 12 – Costa-Gavras, Greek-born director and writer
- February 13
- Kim Novak, American actress
- Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
- February 14 – Madhubala, Indian actress (d. 1969)
- February 17 – Craig L. Thomas, American Senator (d. 2007)
- February 18
- Yoko Ono, Japanese-born singer and artist, widow of John Lennon
- Sir Bobby Robson, English soccer player and manager (d. 2009)
- February 21 – Nina Simone, American singer (d. 2003)
- February 22 – Katharine, Duchess of Kent
- February 27 – Raymond Berry, American football player
- February 28 – Miro Steržaj, Slovenian 9-pin bowler and businessman
March[link]
- March 3 – Lee Radziwill, American socialite, sister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
- March 6 – Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (d. 2004)
- March 7 – Jackie Blanchflower, Irish footballer (d. 1998)
- March 12 – Barbara Feldon, American actress and model (Get Smart)
- March 13 – Mike Stoller, American songwriter
- March 14
- Michael Caine, English actor (Alfie)
- Quincy Jones, American music producer and composer
- René Felber, Swiss Federal Councilor
- March 15 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- March 16 – Sandy Weill, American financier and philanthropist
- March 19 – Philip Roth, American author
- March 22 – May Britt, Swedish actress
April[link]
- April 1 – Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- April 3 – Renae Youngberg. American professional baseball player
- April 5
- Larry Felser, American sports columnist
- Frank Gorshin, American actor (Batman) (d. 2005)
- April 6 – Roy Goode, British legal academic
- April 12
- Montserrat Caballé, Catalan soprano
- Ben Nighthorse Campbell, U.S. Senator
- April 15
- Roy Clark, American country musician
- Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (Bewitched) (d. 1995)
- April 16 – Joan Bakewell, British broadcaster
- April 18 – Michael Bradshaw, British actor (d. 2001)
- April 19 – Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
- April 24
- Patricia Bosworth, American writer/biographer
- Claire Davenport, British actress (d. 2002)
- April 25
- Jerry Leiber, American composer
- Joyce Ricketts, American baseball player [AAGPBL] (d. 1992)
- April 26
- Carol Burnett, American actress, singer, and comedienne
- Ilkka Kuusisto, Finnish composer
- Arno Allan Penzias, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- April 29 – Mark Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium
- April 30 – Willie Nelson, American country singer, songwriter
May[link]
- May 3
- James Brown, African-American soul musician (I Feel Good) (d. 2006)
- Steven Weinberg, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- May 4 – J. Fred Duckett, Texan Sports announcer and teacher (d. 2007)
- May 7
- Johnny Unitas, American football player (d. 2002)
- Nexhmije Pagarusha, Albanian singer and actress
- Roger Perry, American actor
- May 9 – Jessica Steele, English romance novelist
- May 10 – Barbara Taylor Bradford, English writer
- May 11 – Louis Farrakhan, African-American Muslim leader
- May 14 – Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
- May 15 – Carol Habben, American baseball player (d. 1997)
- May 21 – Maurice André, French trumpeter (d. 2012)
- May 22 – Chen Jingrun, Chinese mathematician (d. 1996)
- May 23 – Joan Collins, English actress (Dynasty)
- May 25 – Ray Spencer, English footballer
- May 26 – Edward Whittemore, American writer and Central Intelligence agent (d. 1995)
- May 29 – Helmuth Rilling, German conductor
June[link]
- June 1 – Charles Wilson, American politician (d. 2010)
- June 6 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- June 8 – Joan Rivers, American comedian
- June 11 – Gene Wilder, American actor (Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory)
- June 14 – Vladislav Rastorotsky, Soviet gymnastics coach
- June 17
- Harry Browne, American writer and Presidential candidate (d. 2006)
- Maurice Stokes, American basketball player (d. 1970)
- June 19 – Viktor Patsayev, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1971)
- June 20 – Danny Aiello, American actor
- June 21 – Bernie Kopell, American actor and comedian (Love Boat)
- June 23 – Dave Bristol, American baseball manager
- June 25 – Álvaro Siza, Portuguese Architect
- June 26 – Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor
- June 29 – John Bradshaw, American theologian and educator
July[link]
- July 2 – Kenny Wharram, Canadian ice hockey player
- July 6 – Frank Austin, English footballer
- July 7
- Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner
- David McCullough, American historian and author
- Bruce Wells, English boxer/actor
- July 8 – Marty Feldman, English comedian and actor (Young Frankenstein) (d. 1982)
- July 11 – Bob McGrath, American actor (Sesame Street)
- July 15
- Julian Bream, English guitarist and lutenist
- Guido Crepax, Italian comics artist (d. 2003)
- July 18
- Jean Yanne, French film actor and director (d. 2003)
- Syd Mead, American industrial and conceptual designer
- July 20
- Cormac McCarthy, Pulitzer Prize winning and National Book Award winning author
- Buddy Knox, American singer (d. 1999)
- July 21 – John Gardner, American novelist (d. 1982)
- July 23 – Bert Convy, American game show host, actor, and singer (d. 1991)
- July 24
- John Aniston, American actor
- Doug Sanders, American former golfer
- July 26 – Kathryn Hays, American actress/soap opera star
- July 27
- Nick Reynolds, American folk singer (d. 2008)
- Ted Whitten, Australian rules footballer (d. 1995)
- July 28 – Charlie Hodge, Canadian former ice hockey goaltender
- July 29
- Peter Baldwin, British actor
- Robert Fuller, American former actor and current rancher (Laramie)
- Lou Albano, American professional wrestler and actor (d. 2009)
- July 30 – Edd Byrnes, American actor and singer (77 Sunset Strip)
August[link]
- August 1
- Dom DeLuise, American actor and comedian (d. 2009)
- Jesse Corti, Venezuelan-born actor and comedian
- August 2 – Tom Bell, English actor (d. 2006)
- August 8 – Joe Tex, African-American soul singer (d. 1982)
- August 10 – Doyle Brunson, American poker player
- August 11 – Jerry Falwell, American evangelist and conservative political activist (d. 2007)
- August 14 – Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 15 – Jim Lange, American disc jockey and game show host (The Dating Game)
- August 16
- Julie Newmar, American actress (Batman)
- Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (d. 1994)
- August 17 – Gene Kranz, retired American NASA Flight Director
- August 18 – Roman Polanski, Polish film director
- August 20 – George J. Mitchell, former United States Senator
- August 21
- Janet Baker, English mezzo-soprano
- Barry Norman, English film critic
- August 23 – Robert Curl, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 25 – Tom Skerritt, American actor
- August 28 – Jean Weaver, American female professional baseball player (d. 2008)
- August 29 – Arnold Koller, Swiss Federal Councilor
September[link]
- September 1
- Ann Richards, Governor of Texas (d. 2006)
- Conway Twitty, American country music artist (d. 1993)
- September 2 – Victor Spinetti, Welsh actor
- September 4 – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin
- September 9 – Michael Novak, American philosopher and author
- September 10 – Yevgeny Khrunov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2000)
- September 11 – William Luther Pierce, American author and activist (d. 2002)
- September 13 – Eileen Fulton, American actress/soap opera star
- September 14 – Hillevi Rombin, Miss Universe 1955 (d. 1996)
- September 15
- Monica Maughan, Australian actress (d. 2010)
- Rafael Frübeck de Burgos, Spanish conductor
- Henry Darrow, Puerto-Rican American actor (The High Chaparral)
- September 17 – Dorothy Loudon, American actress (d. 2003)
- September 18 – Scotty Bowman, Canadian ice hockey coach
- September 19 – David McCallum, Scottish actor (The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and NCIS)
- September 20 – Dennis Viollet, English former footballer (d. 1999)
- September 21 – Dick Simon, American racing driver
- September 24
- Mel Taylor, American drummer (The Ventures) (d. 1996)
- Raffaele Farina, Archivist of the Holy Roman Church and cardinal
- September 25 – Hubie Brown, American basketball coach and broadcaster
- September 26 – Donna Douglas, American actress (The Beverly Hillbillies)
- September 27
- Will Sampson, American actor (d. 1987)
- Greg Morris, American actor (Mission: Impossible) (d. 1996)
- Kathleen Nolan, American actress and first female president of the Screen Actors Guild
- September 29 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (d. 1986)
- September 30 – Cissy Houston, American soul gospel singer
October[link]
- October 9
- Joan Berger, American female professional baseball player
- Peter Mansfield, British physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- October 10 – Jay Sebring, American hair stylist (d. 1969)
- October 17 – Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun and singer (d. 1985)
- October 23 – Lois Youngen, American professional baseball player
- October 24
- Reginald Kray, British gangster
- Ronald Kray, British gangster
- Norman Rush, American writer
November[link]
- November 1 – Samir Roychoudhury, Indian Bengali poet and philosopher of Hungry generation
- November 3
- Aneta Corsaut, American actress (d. 1995)
- Ken Berry, American actor
- John Barry, British film score composer (d. 2011)
- Michael Dukakis, American politician and 1988 Democratic Presidential candidate
- Amartya Sen, Indian economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- Jeremy Brett, British actor (d. 1995)
- November 4 – Didier Ratsiraka, former President of Madagascar
- November 6 – Knut Johannesen, Norwegian speed-skater
- November 9 – Jim Perry, American game show host ($ale of the Century)
- November 10 – Don Clarke, Rugby football player of New Zealand (d. 2002)
- November 12 – Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq
- November 14 – Fred Haise, American astronaut who flew in Apollo 13
- November 15 – Jack Burns, American actor
- November 19 – Larry King, American talk show host
- November 23 – Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer
- November 25 – Kathryn Grant, American actress
- November 26
- Tony Verna, Inventor of Instant Replay
- Robert Goulet, American entertainer (d. 2007)
- November 28 – Hope Lange, American actress (The Ghost and Mrs. Muir) (d. 2003)
- November 29 – John Mayall, OBE, English Blues Talent
December[link]
- December 1
- Lou Rawls, African-American singer (d. 2006)
- Fujiko F. Fujio, Japanese cartoon artist (d. 1996)
- December 2 – Mike Larrabee, American athlete (d. 2003)
- December 3 – Paul J. Crutzen, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 6 – Henryk Górecki, Polish composer (d. 2010)
- December 9 – Orville Moody, American golfer (d. 2008)
- December 15 – Tim Conway, American actor and comedian
- December 17 – Walter Booker, American jazz bassist (d. 2006)
- December 20 – Jean Carnahan, American politician
- December 23 – Emperor Akihito of Japan
- December 26
- Ugly Dave Gray, Australian television personality
- Carroll Spinney, American puppeteer
Date unknown[link]
- Augusto Odone, creator of Lorenzo's Oil
Deaths[link]
January–June[link]
- January 3
- Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- Jack Pickford, Canadian-born actor (b. 1896)
- January 5 – Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (b. 1872)
- January 7 – Bert Hinkler, Australian pioneer aviator (b. 1892)
- January 10 – Roberto Mantovani, Italian geologist (b. 1854)
- January 17 – Louis Comfort Tiffany, stained glass artist and jewelry designer, son of Charles Lewis Tiffany
- January 25 – Lewis J. Selznick, American film producer (b. 1870)
- January 29
- Thomas Coward, English ornithologist (b. 1867)
- Sara Teasdale, American lyrical poet (b. 1884)
- January 31 – John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
- February 5 – Josiah Thomas, Australian politician (b. 1863)
- February 12 – Henri Duparc, French composer (b. 1848)
- February 15 – Pat Sullivan, Australian-born director and producer of animated films (b. 1887)
- February 18 – James J. Corbett, American boxer (b. 1866)
- February 26 – Spottiswoode Aitken, Scottish-American actor (b. 1868)
- February 27 – Walter Hiers, American actor (b. 1893)
- March 1 – Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (b. 1900)
- March 6 – Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (assassinated) (b. 1873)
- March 10 – Ahmed Sharif es Senussi, Chief of the Senussi order in Libya (b. 1873)
- March 14 – Balto, American sled dog (b. 1919)
- March 20 – Giuseppe Zangara, attempted assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (b. 1900)
- March 26 – Eddie Lang, American musician (b. 1902)
- April 4 – William A. Moffett, U.S. admiral (crash of airship USS Akron (ZRS-4)) (b. 1869)
- April 17 – Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (b. 1876)
- April 22 – Henry Royce, English car manufacturer (b. 1863)
- May 6 – Li Ching-Yuen, Chinese herbalist, martial artist, tactical advisor (b. 1677)
- May 13 – Ernest Torrance, Scottish actor (b. 1878)
- May 16 – John Henry Mackay, German writer (b. 1864)
- May 24 – Percy C. Mather, English Protestant missionary
- May 26 – Jimmie Rodgers, American country singer (b. 1897)
- June 2 – Frank Jarvis, American athlete (b. 1878)
- June 29 – Fatty Arbuckle, American comedian (b. 1887)
July–December[link]
- July 3 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (b. 1852)
- July 15
- Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (b. 1865)
- Freddie Keppard, American jazz musician (b. 1890)
- September 7 – Edward Grey, British statesman (b. 1862)
- September 8 – Faisal I of Iraq, king of Iraq
- September 10 – Giuseppe Campari, Italian opera singer and Grand Prix driver (b. 1892)
- September 20 – Annie Besant, English Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator (b. 1847)
- September 25 – Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
- October 5 – Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)
- October 12 – John Lister, English politician (b. 1847)
- November 3 – Émile Roux, French physician (b. 1853)
- November 5 – Texas Guinan, American actress (b. 1884)
- November 30 – Arthur Currie, Canadian military leader (b. 1875)
- December 4 – Stefan George, German poet (b. 1868)
- December 8
- Karl Jatho, German airplane pioneer (b. 1873)
- John Joly, Irish physicist (b. 1857)
- December 17 – Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (b. 1876)
- December 19
- George Jackson Churchward, Great Western Railway chief mechanical engineer (b. 1857)
- Friedrich von Ingenohl, German admiral (b. 1857)
- December 25 – Francesc Macià, President of the Generalitat (autonomous government of Catalonia) (b. 1859)
- December 26 – Eduard Vilde, Estonian writer (b. 1865)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
- Chemistry – not awarded
- Physiology or Medicine – Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Literature – Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
- Peace – Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
References[link]
- ^ Garland, Ken (1994). Mr Beck's Underground Map. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-168-6.
- ^ Ceadel, Martin (1979). "The King and Country Debate, 1933: Student Politics, Pacifism and the Dictators". The Historical Journal 22 (2): 397-422.
- ^ "ROOSEVELT AUTHORIZES BEER SALE BY SIGNING BILL FOR 3.2 BREW", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 23, 1933, p.1.
- ^ a b c Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 510–512. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 376–377. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ "First Krispy Kreme doughnut shop found home in Nashville". The Tennessean. http://www.tennessean.com/article/20090718/COLUMNIST0102/907180302/1097/COLUMNIST.
- The 1930s Timeline: 1933 – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
http://wn.com/1933
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about Walt Disney, the person. For the company he founded, see The Walt Disney Company. For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).
| Walt Disney | |
|---|---|
 Walt Disney on January 1, 1954 |
|
| Born | Walter Elias Disney (1901-12-05)December 5, 1901[1] Hermosa, Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | December 15, 1966(1966-12-15) (aged 65) Burbank, California, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Lung Cancer |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California, U.S. |
| Residence | Burbank, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | McKinley High School |
| Occupation | Film producer, Co-founder of The Walt Disney Company, formerly known as Walt Disney Productions |
| Years active | 1920–1966 |
| Home town | Chicago, Illinois |
| Political party | Republican |
| Board member of | The Walt Disney Company |
| Religion | Christian (Congregationalist)[2] |
| Spouse | Lillian Bounds (1925–1966; his death) |
| Children | Diane Marie Disney Sharon Mae Disney |
| Parents | Elias Disney Flora Call Disney |
| Relatives | Ronald William Miller (son-in-law) Robert Borgfeldt Brown (son-in-law) Roy Edward Disney (nephew) |
| Family | Herbert Arthur Disney (brother) Raymond Arnold Disney (brother) Roy Oliver Disney (brother) Ruth Flora Disney (sister) |
| Awards | 7 Emmy Awards, 22 Academy Awards, Cecil B.DeMille Award |
| Signature |  |
Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon,[3] and philanthropist, well known for his influence in the field of entertainment during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O. Disney, he was co-founder of Walt Disney Productions, which later became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world. The corporation is now known as The Walt Disney Company and had an annual revenue of approximately US$36 billion in the 2010 financial year.[4]
Disney is particularly noted as a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created some of the world's most well-known fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, for whom Disney himself provided the original voice. During his lifetime he received four honorary Academy Awards and won 22 Academy Awards from a total of 59 nominations, including a record four in one year,[5] giving him more awards and nominations than any other individual in history.[6] Disney also won seven Emmy Awards and gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the U.S., as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, and Hong Kong Disneyland.
The year after his December 15, 1966 death from lung cancer in Burbank, California, construction began on Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. His brother Roy Disney inaugurated the Magic Kingdom on October 1, 1971.
Contents |
1901–1937: Beginnings[link]
Childhood[link]
File:Flora and Elias Disney.JPG
Walt’s parents, Elias and Flora (Call) Disney
Disney was born on December 5, 1901, at 2156 N. Tripp Avenue in Chicago's Hermosa community area to Irish-Canadian father Elias Disney and Flora Call Disney, who was of German and English descent.[7][8] His great-grandfather, Arundel Elias Disney, had emigrated from Gowran, County Kilkenny, Ireland where he was born in 1801. Arundel Disney was a descendant of Robert d'Isigny, a Frenchman who had travelled to England with William the Conqueror in 1066.[9] With the d'Isigny name anglicised as "Disney", the family settled in a village now known as Norton Disney, south of the city of Lincoln, in the county of Lincolnshire.
In 1878, Disney's father Elias had moved from Huron County, Ontario, Canada to the United States at first seeking gold in California before finally settling down to farm with his parents near Ellis, Kansas, until 1884. Elias worked for the Union Pacific Railroad and married Flora Call on January 1, 1888, in Acron, Florida. The family moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1890,[10] hometown of his brother Robert[10] who helped Elias financially for most of his early life.[10] In 1906, when Walt was four, Elias and his family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri,[11] where his brother Roy had recently purchased farmland.[11] In Marceline, Disney developed his love for drawing[12] with one of the family's neighbors, a retired doctor named "Doc" Sherwood, paying him to draw pictures of Sherwood's horse, Rupert.[12] His interest in trains also developed in Marceline, a town that owed its existence to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway which ran through it. Walt would put his ear to the tracks in anticipation of the coming train[8] then try and spot his uncle, engineer Michael Martin, conducting the train.
The Disneys remained in Marceline for four years,[13] before moving to Kansas City in 1911[14] where Walt and his younger sister Ruth attended the Benton Grammar School. At school he met Walter Pfeiffer who came from a family of theatre aficionados, and introduced Walt to the world of vaudeville and motion pictures. Before long Walt was spending more time at the Pfeiffers' than at home.[15] As well as attending Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art Institute,[16] Walt often took Ruth to Electric Park, 15 blocks from their home, which Disney would later acknowledge as a major influence of his design of Disneyland.[citation needed]
Teenage years[link]
In 1917, Elias acquired shares in the O-Zell jelly factory in Chicago and moved his family back to the city,[17] where in the fall Disney began his freshman year at McKinley High School and took night courses at the Chicago Art Institute.[18] He became the cartoonist for the school newspaper, drawing patriotic topics and focusing on World War I. Despite dropping out of high school at the age of sixteen to join the army, Disney was rejected for being underage.[19]
After his rejection by the army, Walt and a friend decided to join the Red Cross.[20] Soon after joining he was sent to France for a year, where he drove an ambulance, but only after the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918.[21]
Hoping to find work outside the Chicago O-Zell factory,[22] in 1919 Walt moved back to Kansas City to begin his artistic career.[23] After considering whether to become an actor or a newspaper artist, he decided on a career as a newspaper artist, drawing political caricatures or comic strips. But when nobody wanted to hire him as either an artist or even as an ambulance driver, his brother Roy, then working in a local bank, got Walt a temporary job through a bank colleague at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio[23] where he created advertisements for newspapers, magazines, and movie theaters.[24] At Pesmen-Rubin he met cartoonist Ubbe Iwerks[25] and when their time at the studio expired, they decided to start their own commercial company together.[26]
In January 1920, Disney and Iwerks formed a short-lived company called, "Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists". However, following a rough start, Disney left temporarily to earn money at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, and was soon joined by Iwerks who was not able to run their business alone.[27] While working for the Kansas City Film Ad Company, where he made commercials based on cutout animations, Disney became interested in animation, and decided to become an animator.[28] The owner of the Ad Company, A.V. Cauger, allowed him to borrow a camera from work to experiment with at home. After reading the Edwin G. Lutz book Animated Cartoons: How They Are Made, Their Origin and Development, Disney considered cel animation to be much more promising than the cutout animation he was doing for Cauger. Walt eventually decided to open his own animation business,[29] and recruited a fellow co-worker at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, Fred Harman, as his first employee.[29] Walt and Harman then secured a deal with local theater owner Frank L. Newman, arguably the most popular "showman" in the Kansas City area at the time,[30] to screen their cartoons at his local theater, which they titled Laugh-O-Grams.[30]
Laugh-O-Gram Studio[link]
Presented as "Newman Laugh-O-Grams",[30] Disney's cartoons became widely popular in the Kansas City area[31] and through their success, he was able to acquire his own studio, also called Laugh-O-Gram,[32] for which he hired a vast number of additional animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh Harman, Rudolf Ising, and his close friend Ubbe Iwerks.[33] Unfortunately, studio profits were insufficient to cover the high salaries paid to employees. Unable to successfully manage money,[34] Disney's studio became loaded with debt[34] and wound up bankrupt[35] whereupon he decided to set up a studio in the movie industry's capital city, Hollywood, California.[36]
Hollywood[link]
Disney and his brother Roy pooled their money and set up a cartoon studio in Hollywood[37] where they needed to find a distributor for Walt's new Alice Comedies, which he had started making while in Kansas City[35] but never got to distribute. Disney sent an unfinished print to New York distributor Margaret Winkler, who promptly wrote back to him that she was keen on a distribution deal for more live-action/animated shorts based upon Alice's Wonderland.[38]
Alice Comedies[link]
Virginia Davis, the live-action star of Alice’s Wonderland and her family relocated from Kansas City to Hollywood at Disney's request, as did Iwerks and his family. This was the beginning of the Disney Brothers' Studio located on Hyperion Avenue in the Silver Lake district, where it remained until 1939. In 1925, Disney hired a young woman named Lillian Bounds to ink and paint celluloid. After a brief courtship, the pair married that same year.
The new series, Alice Comedies, proved reasonably successful, and featured both Dawn O'Day and Margie Gay as Alice with Lois Hardwick also briefly assuming the role. By the time the series ended in 1927, its focus was more on the animated characters and in particular a cat named Julius who resembled Felix the Cat, rather than the live-action Alice.
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit[link]
Main article: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
By 1927, Charles Mintz had married Margaret Winkler and assumed control of her business. He then ordered a new all-animated series to be put into production for distribution through Universal Pictures. The new series, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, was an almost instant success, and the character, Oswald — drawn and created by Iwerks — became a popular figure. The Disney studio expanded and Walt re-hired Harman, Rudolph Ising, Carman Maxwell, and Friz Freleng from Kansas City.
Disney went to New York in February 1928 to negotiate a higher fee per short and was shocked when Mintz told him that not only did he want to reduce the fee he paid Disney per short but also that he had most of his main animators, including Harman, Ising, Maxwell, and Freleng—but not Iwerks, who refused to leave Disney—under contract and would start his own studio if Disney did not accept the reduced production budgets. Universal, not Disney, owned the Oswald trademark, and could make the films without Walt. Disney declined Mintz's offer and as a result lost most of his animation staff whereupon he found himself on his own again.[39]
It subsequently took his company 78 years to get back the rights to the Oswald character when in 2006 the Walt Disney Company reacquired the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from NBC Universal, through a trade for longtime ABC sports commentator Al Michaels.[40]
Mickey Mouse[link]
Main article: Mickey Mouse
After losing the rights to Oswald, Disney felt the need to develop a new character to replace him, which was based on a mouse he had adopted as a pet while working in his Laugh-O-Gram studio in Kansas City.[41] Ub Iwerks reworked the sketches made by Disney to make the character easier to animate although Mickey's voice and personality were provided by Disney himself until 1947. In the words of one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical appearance, but Walt gave him his soul."[41] Besides Oswald and Mickey, a similar mouse-character is seen in the Alice Comedies, which featured "Ike the Mouse". Moreover, the first Flip the Frog cartoon called Fiddlesticks showed a Mickey Mouse look-alike playing fiddle. The initial films were animated by Iwerks with his name prominently featured on the title cards. Originally named "Mortimer", the mouse was later re-christened "Mickey" by Lillian Disney who thought that the name Mortimer did not fit. Mortimer later became the name of Mickey's rival for Minnie – taller than his renowned adversary and speaking with a Brooklyn accent.
The first animated short to feature Mickey, Plane Crazy was a silent film like all of Disney's previous works. After failing to find a distributor for the short and its follow-up, The Gallopin' Gaucho, Disney created a Mickey cartoon with sound called Steamboat Willie. A businessman named Pat Powers provided Disney with both distribution and Cinephone, a sound-synchronization process. Steamboat Willie became an instant success,[42] and Plane Crazy, The Galloping Gaucho, and all future Mickey cartoons were released with soundtracks. After the release of Steamboat Willie, Disney successfully used sound in all of his subsequent cartoons, and Cinephone also became the new distributor for Disney's early sound cartoons.[43] Mickey soon eclipsed Felix the Cat as the world's most popular cartoon character[41] and by 1930, despite their having sound, cartoons featuring Felix had faded from the screen after failing to gain attention.[44] Mickey's popularity would subsequently skyrocket in the early 1930s.[41]
[edit] Silly Symphonies
Following in the footsteps of Mickey Mouse series, a series of musical shorts titled, Silly Symphonies were released in 1929. The first, The Skeleton Dance was entirely drawn and animated by Iwerks, who was also responsible for drawing the majority of cartoons released by Disney in 1928 and 1929. Although both series were successful, the Disney studio thought it was not receiving its rightful share of profits from Pat Powers,[45] and in 1930, Disney signed a new distribution deal with Columbia Pictures. The original basis of the cartoons was their musical novelty with the first Silly Symphony cartoons featuring scores by Carl Stalling.[46]
Iwerks was soon lured by Powers into opening his own studio with an exclusive contract, while Stalling would also later leave Disney to join Iwerks.[47] Iwerks launched his Flip the Frog series with the first voiced color cartoon Fiddlesticks, filmed in two-strip Technicolor. Iwerks also created two other cartoon series, Willie Whopper and the Comicolor. In 1936, Iwerks shut down his studio in order to work on various projects dealing with animation technology. He would return to Disney in 1940 and go on to pioneer a number of film processes and specialized animation technologies in the studio's research and development department.
By 1932, although Mickey Mouse had become a relatively popular cinema character, Silly Symphonies was not as successful. The same year also saw competition increase as Max Fleischer's flapper cartoon character, Betty Boop, gained popularity among theater audiences.[48] Fleischer, considered Disney's main rival in the 1930s,[49] was also the father of Richard Fleischer, whom Disney would later hire to direct his 1954 film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Meanwhile, Columbia Pictures dropped the distribution of Disney cartoons to be replaced by United Artists.[50] In late 1932, Herbert Kalmus, who had just completed work on the first three-strip technicolor camera,[51] approached Walt and convinced him to reshoot the black and white Flowers and Trees in three-strip Technicolor.[52] Flowers and Trees would go on to be a phenomenal success and would also win the first 1932 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons. After the release of Flowers and Trees, all subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color while Disney was also able to negotiate a two-year deal with Technicolor, giving him the sole right to use their three-strip process,[53][54] a period eventually extended to five years.[46] Through Silly Symphonies, Disney also created his most successful cartoon short of all time, The Three Little Pigs (1933).[55] The cartoon ran in theaters for many months, featuring the hit song that became the anthem of the Great Depression, "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf".[56]
First Academy Award[link]
In 1932, Disney received a special Academy Award for the creation of "Mickey Mouse", a series which switched to color in 1935 and soon launched spin-offs for supporting characters such as Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. Pluto and Donald became standalone cartoons in 1937,[57] with Goofy following in 1939.[58] Of all Mickey's partners, Donald Duck, who first teamed up with Mickey in the 1934 cartoon, Orphan's Benefit, was arguably the most popular, going on to become Disney's second most successful cartoon character of all time.[59]
Children[link]
The Disneys' first attempt at pregnancy ended in miscarriage. Lillian became pregnant again and gave birth to a daughter, Diane Marie Disney, on December 18, 1933.[60] Later, the Disneys adopted Sharon Mae Disney (December 31, 1936 – February 16, 1993).[61]
Diane married Ron Miller at the age of 20 and is known as Diane Disney Miller. The Millers established and own a winery called Silverado Vineyards in California.[62] Diane and Ron Miller have seven children: Christopher, Joanna, Tamara, Jennifer, Walter, Ronald and Patrick.[63] Years later, Diane went on to become the cofounder of The Walt Disney Family Museum, with the aid of her children.[60] The museum was created to preserve her father's image and reach out to millions of Disney fans worldwide.[64] The museum displays a chronological view of Walt Disney's life through personal artifacts, interactive kiosks and various animations.[64]
Sharon Mae Disney was born December 31, 1936, in Los Angeles, California and was later adopted by the Disneys, due to Lillian's several birth complications.[63][65] In 1950, Sharon went on to star as herself in the Walt Disney Studios special One Hour in Wonderland.[66] Sharon married Robert Brown in 1958, with whom she had one child, and they remained married until his death in 1967.[65] Sharon married William Lund in 1969 and had two children with him, but six years later they divorced.[65][67] Sharon was a philanthropist and had contributed to charities such as the Marianne Frostig Center of Educational Therapy and the Curtis School foundation.[68] In 1993 at the age of 57, Sharon died from cancer at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California.[65] After Sharon's death, her estate donated $11 million to the California School of Performing Arts, where she was a member of the board of trustees for almost two decades. Sharon's donation was commemorated by renaming the School of Dance the Sharon D. Lund School of Dance.[60][69]
1937–1941: Golden age of animation[link]
[edit] "Disney's Folly": Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
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Following the creation of two cartoon series, in 1934 Disney began planning a full-length feature. The following year, opinion polls showed that another cartoon series, Popeye the Sailor, produced by Max Fleischer, was more popular than Mickey Mouse.[70] Nevertheless, Disney was able to put Mickey back on top as well as increase his popularity by colorizing and partially redesigning the character to become what was considered his most appealing design to date.[41] When the film industry learned of Disney's plans to produce an animated feature-length version of Snow White, they were certain that the endeavor would destroy the Disney Studio and dubbed the project "Disney's Folly". Both Lillian and Roy tried to talk Disney out of the project, but he continued plans for the feature, employing Chouinard Art Institute professor Don Graham to start a training operation for the studio staff. Disney then used the Silly Symphonies as a platform for experiments in realistic human animation, distinctive character animation, special effects, and the use of specialized processes and apparatus such as the multiplane camera – a new technique first used by Disney in the 1937 Silly Symphonies short The Old Mill.[71]
All of this development and training was used to increase quality at the studio and to ensure that the feature film would match Disney's quality expectations. Entitled Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the feature went into full production in 1934 and continued until mid-1937, when the studio ran out of money. To obtain the funding to complete Snow White, Disney had to show a rough cut of the motion picture to loan officers. The film premiered at the Carthay Circle Theater on December 21, 1937 and at its conclusion the audience gave Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs a standing ovation. Snow White, the first animated feature in America made in Technicolor, was released in February 1938 under a new distribution deal with RKO Radio Pictures. RKO had been the distributor for Disney cartoons in 1936, after it closed down the Van Beuren Studios in exchange for distribution.[72] The film became the most successful motion picture of 1938 and earned over $8 million on its initial release. These initial release earnings for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs would be the equivalent of $122,487,945 in 2010.[73]
Golden age of animation[link]
Following the success of Snow White, for which Disney received one full-size, and seven miniature Oscar statuettes, he was able to build a new campus for the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, which opened for business on December 24, 1939. Snow White was not only the peak of Disney's success, but also ushered in a period that would later be known as the Golden Age of Animation for the studio.[74][75] Feature animation staff, having just completed Pinocchio, continued work on Fantasia and Bambi as well as the early production stages of Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan and Wind in the Willows while the shorts staff carried on working on the Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto cartoon series, ending the Silly Symphonies at this time.[clarification needed More info needed on end of the Silly Symphonies to make a new and separate sentence.] Animator Fred Moore had redesigned Mickey Mouse in the late 1930s after Donald Duck overtook him in popularity among theater audiences.[76]
Pinocchio and Fantasia followed Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs into the movie theaters in 1940, but both proved financial disappointments. The inexpensive Dumbo was then planned as an income generator, but during production most of the animation staff went on strike, permanently straining relations between Disney and his artists.
1941–1945: World War II era[link]
In 1941, the U.S. State Department sent Disney and a group of animators to South America as part of its Good Neighbor policy, at the same time guaranteeing financing for the resultant movie, Saludos Amigos.[77]
Shortly after the release of Dumbo in October 1941, the US entered World War II. The U.S. Army and Navy Bureau of Aeronautics[78] contracted most of the Disney studio's facilities where the staff created training and instruction films for the military, home-front morale-boosting shorts such as Der Fuehrer's Face and the 1943 feature film Victory Through Air Power. However, military films did not generate income, and the feature film Bambi underperformed on its release in April 1942. Disney successfully re-issued Snow White in 1944, establishing a seven-year re-release tradition for his features. In 1945, The Three Caballeros was the last animated feature released by the studio during the war.
In 1944, Encyclopædia Britannica publisher William Benton, entered into unsuccessful negotiations with Disney to make six to twelve educational films per annum. Disney was asked by the US Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA), to make an educational film about the Amazon Basin, which resulted in the 1944 animated short, The Amazon Awakens.[79][80][81][82][83]
1945–1955: Post-war period[link]
Disney studios also created inexpensive package films, containing collections of cartoon shorts, and issued them to theaters during this period. These included Make Mine Music (1946), Melody Time (1948), Fun and Fancy Free (1947) and The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). The latter had only two sections, the first based on The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame, and the second on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving. During this period, Disney also ventured into full-length dramatic films that mixed live action and animated scenes, including Song of the South and So Dear to My Heart. After the war ended, Mickey's popularity would also fade.[84]
By the late 1940s, the studio had recovered enough to continue production on the full-length features Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan, both of which had been shelved during the war years. Work also began on Cinderella, which became Disney's most successful film since Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In 1948 the studio also initiated a series of live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with On Seal Island the first. Despite its resounding success with feature films, the studio's animation shorts were no longer as popular as they once were, with people paying more attention to Warner Bros. and their animation star Bugs Bunny. By 1942, Leon Schlesinger Productions, which produced the Warner Bros. cartoons, had become the country's most popular animation studio.[85] However, while Bugs Bunny's popularity rose in the 1940s, so did Donald Duck's,[86] a character who would replace Mickey Mouse as Disney's star character by 1949.[87]
During the mid-1950s, Disney produced a number of educational films on the space program in collaboration with NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun: Man in Space and Man and the Moon in 1955, and Mars and Beyond in 1957.
Disney and the Second Red Scare[link]
Disney was a founding member of the anti-communist group Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. In 1947, during the Second Red Scare,[88] Disney testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), where he branded Herbert Sorrell, David Hilberman and William Pomerance, former animators and labor union organizers, Communist agitators. All three men denied the allegations and Sorrell went on to testify before the HUAC in 1946 when insufficient evidence was found to link him to the Communist Party.[89][90]
Disney also accused the Screen Cartoonists Guild of being a Communist front, and charged that the 1941 strike was part of an organized Communist effort to gain influence in Hollywood.[88]
1955–1966: Theme parks and beyond[link]
Planning Disneyland[link]
On a business trip to Chicago in the late-1940s, Disney drew sketches of his ideas for an amusement park where he envisioned his employees spending time with their children. The idea for a children's theme park came after a visit to Children's Fairyland in Oakland, California. It also said that Disney may have been inspired to create Disneyland in the park Republic of the Children located in Manuel B. Gonnet, La Plata, Argentina, and opened in 1951.[91] This plan was originally intended to be built on a plot located across the street to the south of the studio. These original ideas developed into a concept for a larger enterprise that would become Disneyland. Disney spent five years developing Disneyland and created a new subsidiary company, WED Enterprises, to carry out planning and production of the park. A small group of Disney studio employees joined the Disneyland development project as engineers and planners, and were dubbed Imagineers.[citation needed]
As Disney explained one of his earliest plans to Herb Ryman, who created the first aerial drawing of Disneyland presented to the Bank of America during fund raising for the project, he said, "Herbie, I just want it to look like nothing else in the world. And it should be surrounded by a train."[92] Entertaining his daughters and their friends in his backyard and taking them for rides on his Carolwood Pacific Railroad had inspired Disney to include a railroad in the plans for Disneyland.
Disneyland grand opening[link]
File:Waltopening.jpg
Walt Disney giving the dedication day speech July 17, 1955
Disneyland officially opened on July 18, 1955. On Sunday, July 17, 1955, Disneyland hosted a live TV preview, among the thousands of people in attendance were Ronald Reagan, Bob Cummings and Art Linkletter, who shared cohosting duties, as well as the mayor of Anaheim. Walt gave the following dedication day speech:
| “ | To all who come to this happy place; welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past .... and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams and the hard facts that have created America ... with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. | ” |
Carolwood Pacific Railroad[link]
Main article: Carolwood Pacific Railroad
During 1949, Disney and his family moved to a new home on a large piece of land in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles, California. With the help of his friends Ward and Betty Kimball, who already had their own backyard railroad, Disney developed blueprints and immediately set to work on creating a miniature live steam railroad for his backyard. The name of the railroad, Carolwood Pacific Railroad, came from his home's location on Carolwood Drive. The railroad's half-mile long layout included a 46-foot (14 m) long trestle bridge, loops, overpasses, gradients, an elevated berm, and a 90-foot (27 m) tunnel underneath his wife's flowerbed. He named the miniature working steam locomotive built by Disney Studios engineer Roger E. Broggie Lilly Belle in his wife's honor and had his attorney draw up right-of-way papers giving the railroad a permanent, legal easement through the garden areas, which his wife dutifully signed; however, there is no evidence of the documents ever recorded as a restriction on the property's title.[clarification needed]
Expansion into new areas[link]
As Walt Disney Productions began work on Disneyland, it also began expanding its other entertainment operations. In 1950, Treasure Island became the studio's first all-live-action feature, soon followed by 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (in CinemaScope, 1954), Old Yeller (1957), The Shaggy Dog (1959), Pollyanna (1960), Swiss Family Robinson (1960), The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), and The Parent Trap (1961). The studio produced its first TV special, One Hour in Wonderland, in 1950. Disney began hosting a weekly anthology series on ABC entitled Disneyland, after the park, on which he aired clips of past Disney productions, gave tours of his studio, and familiarized the public with Disneyland as it was being constructed in Anaheim. The show also featured a Davy Crockett miniseries, which started the "Davy Crockett craze" among American youth, during which millions of coonskin caps and other Crockett memorabilia were sold across the country.[93] In 1955, the studio's first daily television show, Mickey Mouse Club debuted on ABC. It was a groundbreaking comedy/variety show aimed specifically for children. Disney took a strong personal interest in the show and even returned to the animation studio to voice Mickey Mouse in its animated segments during its original 1955-59 production run. The Mickey Mouse Club would continue in various incarnations in syndication and on the Disney Channel into the 1990s.
As the studio expanded and diversified into other media, Disney devoted less of his attention to the animation department, entrusting most of its operations to his key animators, whom he dubbed the Nine Old Men. Although he was spending less time supervising the production of the animated films, he was always present at story meetings.[94] During Disney's lifetime, the animation department created the successful Lady and the Tramp ( the first animated film in CinemaScope) in 1955, Sleeping Beauty ( the first animated film in Super Technirama 70mm) in 1959, One Hundred and One Dalmatians (the first animated feature film to use Xerox cels) in 1961, and The Sword in the Stone in 1963.
Production of short cartoons kept pace until 1956, when Disney shut down the responsible division although special shorts projects would continue for the remainder of the studio's duration on an irregular basis. These productions were all distributed by Disney's new subsidiary, Buena Vista Distribution, which had taken over all distribution duties for Disney films from RKO by 1955. Disneyland, one of the world's first theme parks, finally opened on July 17, 1955, and was immediately successful. Visitors from around the world came to visit Disneyland, which contained attractions based on a number of successful Disney characters and films.
After 1955, the Disneyland TV show was renamed Walt Disney Presents. It switched from black-and-white to color in 1961 and changed its name to Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, at the same time moving from ABC to NBC,[95] and eventually evolving into its current form as The Wonderful World of Disney. The series continued to air on NBC until 1981, when it was picked up by CBS.[96] Since then, it has aired on ABC, NBC, the Hallmark Channel and the Cartoon Network via separate broadcast rights deals. During its run, the Disney series offered some recurring characters, such as the newspaper reporter and sleuth "Gallegher" played by Roger Mobley with a plot based on the writings of Richard Harding Davis.
Disney had already formed his own music publishing division in 1949 and in 1956, partly inspired by the huge success of the television theme song The Ballad of Davy Crockett, he created a company-owned record production and distribution entity called Disneyland Records.
Early 1960s successes[link]
File:Shermans042.jpg
(Left to right) Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman and Walt Disney sing "There's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow" (1964)
By the early 1960s, the Disney empire had become a major success, and Walt Disney Productions had established itself as the world's leading producer of family entertainment. Walt Disney was the Head of Pageantry for the 1960 Winter Olympics.
After decades of pursuit, Disney finally acquired the rights to P.L. Travers' books about a magical nanny. Mary Poppins, released in 1964, was the most successful Disney film of the 1960s and featured a memorable song score written by Disney favorites, the Sherman Brothers. The same year, Disney debuted a number of exhibits at the 1964 New York World's Fair, including Audio-Animatronic figures, all of which were later integrated into attractions at Disneyland and a new theme park project which was to be established on the East Coast.
Although the studio would probably have proved major competition for Hanna-Barbera, Disney decided not to enter the race and mimic Hanna-Barbera by producing Saturday morning TV cartoon series. With the expansion of Disney's empire and constant production of feature films, the financial burden involved in such a move would have proven too great.
Plans for Disney World and EPCOT[link]
In early 1964, Disney announced plans to develop another theme park to be called Disney World a few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include "the Magic Kingdom", a larger, more elaborate version of Disneyland. It would also feature a number of golf courses and resort hotels. The heart of Disney World, however, was to be the Experimental Prototype City (or Community) of Tomorrow, known as EPCOT for short.
Mineral King Ski Resort[link]
During the early-to-mid 1960s, Walt Disney developed plans for a ski resort in Mineral King, a glacial valley in California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. He brought in experts such as the renowned Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler, who helped plan a visitor village, ski runs and ski lifts among the several bowls surrounding the valley. Plans finally moved into action in the mid 1960s, but Walt died before the actual work started. Disney's death and opposition from conservationists ensured that the resort was never built.
Death[link]
Like many people of the time, Walt Disney was a chain smoker his entire adult life, although he made sure he was not seen smoking around children.[97] In 1966, Disney was scheduled to undergo surgery to repair an old neck injury[98] caused by many years of playing polo at the Riviera Club in Hollywood.[99] On November 2, during pre-operative X-rays, doctors at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center, across the street from the Disney Studio, discovered a tumor in his left lung.[100] Five days later a biopsy showed the tumor to be malignant and to have spread throughout the entire left lung.[100] After removal of the lung, doctors informed Disney that his life expectancy was six months to two years.[100] After several chemotherapy sessions, Disney and his wife spent a short amount of time in Palm Springs, California.[98] On November 30, Disney collapsed at his home. He was revived by fire department personnel and rushed to St. Joseph's where on December 15, 1966, at 9:30 a.m., ten days after his 65th birthday, Disney died of acute circulatory collapse, caused by lung cancer.[98] The last thing he reportedly wrote before his death was the name of actor Kurt Russell, the significance of which remains a mystery, even to Russell.[101]
Roy O. Disney continued out with the Florida project, insisting that the name be changed to Walt Disney World in honor of his brother.
The final productions in which Disney played an active role were the animated feature The Jungle Book and the animated short Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, as well as the live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire, all released in 1967. Songwriter Robert B. Sherman recalled of the last time he saw Disney:
| “ | He was up in the third floor of the animation building after a run-through of The Happiest Millionaire. He usually held court in the hallway afterward for the people involved with the picture. And he started talking to them, telling them what he liked and what they should change, and then, when they were through, he turned to us and with a big smile, he said, 'Keep up the good work, boys.' And he walked to his office. It was the last we ever saw of him.[102] | ” |
Hibernation Urban Legend[link]
A long-standing urban legend maintains that Disney was cryogenically frozen, and his frozen corpse stored beneath the Pirates of the Caribbean ride at Disneyland.[103] In fact, Disney was cremated on December 17, 1966, and his ashes interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. The first known human cryogenic freezing did not occur until January 1967, more than a month after Disney's death.[103]
According to "at least one Disney publicist", as reported in the French magazine Ici Paris in 1969, the source of the rumor was a group of Disney Studio animators with "a bizarre sense of humor" who were playing a final prank on their late boss.[104]
Although the rumor is acknowledged as false by most historians, Robert Mosley (in Disney’s World (1986)) and Marc Eliot (in Walt Disney – Hollywood’s Dark Prince (1993)) argue that Disney may have known of cryonics and may have had an interest in the science.[105] However his daughter Diane wrote in 1972, "There is absolutely no truth to the rumor that my father, Walt Disney, wished to be frozen. I doubt that my father had ever heard of cryonics."[104]
Legacy: 1967–present[link]
Continuing Disney Productions[link]
After Walt Disney's death, Roy Disney returned from retirement to take full control of Walt Disney Productions and WED Enterprises. In October 1971, the families of Walt and Roy met in front of Cinderella Castle at the Magic Kingdom to officially open the Walt Disney World Resort.
After giving his dedication for Walt Disney World, Roy asked Lillian Disney to join him. As the orchestra played "When You Wish upon a Star", she stepped up to the podium accompanied by Mickey Mouse. He then said, "Lilly, you knew all of Walt's ideas and hopes as well as anybody; what would Walt think of it [Walt Disney World]?". "I think Walt would have approved," she replied.[106] Roy died from a cerebral hemorrhage on December 20, 1971, the day he was due to open the Disneyland Christmas parade.
During the second phase of the "Walt Disney World" theme park, EPCOT was translated by Disney's successors into EPCOT Center, which opened in 1982. As it currently exists, EPCOT is essentially a living world's fair, different from the actual functional city that Disney had envisioned. In 1992, Walt Disney Imagineering took the step closer to Disney's original ideas and dedicated Celebration, Florida, a town built by the Walt Disney Company adjacent to Walt Disney World, that hearkens back to the spirit of EPCOT. EPCOT was also originally intended to be devoid of Disney characters which initially limited the appeal of the park to young children. However, the company later changed this policy and Disney characters can now be found throughout the park, often dressed in costumes reflecting the different pavilions.
The Disney entertainment empire[link]
Today, Walt Disney's animation/motion picture studios and theme parks have developed into a multi-billion dollar television, motion picture, vacation destination and media corporation that carry his name. Among other assets The Walt Disney Company owns five vacation resorts, eleven theme parks, two water parks, thirty-nine hotels, eight motion picture studios, six record labels, eleven cable television networks, and one terrestrial television network. As of 2007, the company had annual revenues of over U.S. $35 billion.[107]
Disney Animation[link]
Walt Disney was a pioneer in character animation. He was one of the first people to move away from basic cartoons with just "impossible outlandish gags" and crudely drawn characters to an art form with heartwarming stories and characters the audience can connect to on an emotional level. The personality displayed in the characters of his films and the technological advancements remain influential when animating today. He was also considered by many of his colleagues to be a master storyteller and the animation department did not fully recover from his demise until the late 1980s in a period known as the Disney Renaissance. The most financially and critically successful films produced during this time include Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992) and The Lion King (1994). In 1995, Walt Disney Pictures distributed Pixar's Toy Story, the first computer animated feature film. Walt Disney's nephew Roy E. Disney claimed that Walt would have loved Toy Story and that it was "his kind of movie".[108] With the rise of computer animated films a stream of financially unsuccessful Traditional hand-drawn animated features in the early years of the 2000s (decade) emerged. This led to the company's controversial decision to close the traditional animation department. The two satellite studios in Paris and Orlando were closed, and the main studio in Burbank was converted to a computer animation production facility, firing hundreds of people in the process. In 2004, Disney released what was announced as their final "traditionally animated" feature film, Home on the Range. However, since the 2006 acquisition of Pixar, and the resulting rise of John Lasseter to Chief Creative Officer, that position has changed with the largely successful 2009 film The Princess and the Frog. This marked Disney's return to traditional hand-drawn animation and the studio hired back staff who had been laid-off in the past. Today, Disney produces both traditional and computer animation.
CalArts[link]
In his later years, Disney devoted substantial time to funding The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts). Formed in 1961 through a merger of the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and the Chouinard Art Institute, which had helped in the training of the animation staff during the 1930s, when Disney died, one-fourth of his estate went to CalArts, which helped in building its campus. In his will, Disney paved the way for the creation of several charitable trusts which included one for the California Institute of the Arts and other for the Disney Foundation.[109] He also donated 38 acres (0.154 km2) of the Golden Oaks ranch in Valencia for construction of the school. CalArts moved onto the Valencia campus in 1972.
In an early admissions bulletin, Disney explained: "A hundred years ago, Wagner conceived of a perfect and all-embracing art, combining music, drama, painting, and the dance, but in his wildest imagination he had no hint what infinite possibilities were to become commonplace through the invention of recording, radio, cinema and television. There already have been geniuses combining the arts in the mass-communications media, and they have already given us powerful new art forms. The future holds bright promise for those who imaginations are trained to play on the vast orchestra of the art-in-combination. Such supermen will appear most certainly in those environments which provide contact with all the arts, but even those who devote themselves to a single phase of art will benefit from broadened horizons."[110]
Walt Disney Family Museum[link]
In 2009, The Walt Disney Family Museum opened in the Presidio of San Francisco. Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career are on display, including 248 awards that he received.[111]
Antisemitism accusations[link]
Disney was long rumored to be antisemitic during his lifetime, and such rumors have persisted after his death. Indeed, in the 1930s he welcomed German filmmaker and Nazi propagandist Leni Riefenstahl to Hollywood.[112] Disney biographer Neal Gabler, the first writer to gain unrestricted access to the Disney archives, concluded in 2006 that available evidence does not support such accusations. In a CBS interview Gabler summarized his findings:
| “ | That's one of the questions everybody asks me... My answer to that is, not in the conventional sense that we think of someone as being an antisemite. But he got the reputation because, in the 1940s, he got himself allied with a group called the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, which was an anti-Communist and antisemitic organization. And though Walt himself, in my estimation, was not antisemitic, nevertheless, he willingly allied himself with people who were antisemitic, and that reputation stuck. He was never really able to expunge it throughout his life.[113] | ” |
Disney eventually distanced himself from the Motion Picture Alliance in the 1950s.[114]
The Walt Disney Family Museum acknowledges that Disney did have "difficult relationships" with some Jewish individuals, and that ethnic stereotypes common to films of the 1930s were included in some early cartoons, such as Three Little Pigs and The Opry House. However, the museum points out that Disney employed Jews throughout his career, donated to several Jewish charities (The Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Yeshiva College[disambiguation needed ], Jewish Home for the Aged, The American League for a Free Palestine)[114] and was named "1955 Man of the Year" by the B'nai B'rith chapter in Beverly Hills.[114][115]
Academy Awards[link]
Walt Disney holds the record for both the most Academy Award nominations (59) and the number of Oscars awarded (22). He also earned four honorary Oscars. His last competitive Academy Award was posthumous.[116]
- 1932: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Flowers and Trees (1932)
- 1932: Honorary Award for creation of Mickey Mouse.
- 1934: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Three Little Pigs (1933)
- 1935: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Tortoise and the Hare (1934)
- 1936: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Three Orphan Kittens (1935)
- 1937: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Country Cousin (1936)
- 1938: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: The Old Mill (1937)
- 1939: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Ferdinand the Bull (1938)
- 1939: Honorary Award for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) The citation read, "For Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, recognized as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field." (The award, unique in the history of the Oscars, is one large statuette and seven miniature statuettes.)[5]
- 1940: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Ugly Duckling (1939)
- 1941: Honorary Award for Fantasia (1940), shared with: William E. Garity and J.N.A. Hawkins. The citation for the certificate of merit read, "For their outstanding contribution to the advancement of the use of sound in motion pictures through the production of Fantasia."[5]
- 1942: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Lend a Paw (1941)
- 1943: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Der Fuehrer's Face (1942)
- 1949: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Seal Island (1948)
- 1949: Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award (Honorary Award)
- 1951: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Beaver Valley (1950)
- 1952: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Nature's Half Acre (1951)
- 1953: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Water Birds (1952)
- 1954: Best Documentary, Features: The Living Desert (1953)
- 1954: Best Documentary, Short Subjects: The Alaskan Eskimo (1953)
- 1954: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom (1953)
- 1954: Best Short Subject, Two-reel: Bear Country (1953)
- 1955: Best Documentary, Features: The Vanishing Prairie (1954)
- 1956: Best Documentary, Short Subjects: Men Against the Arctic
- 1959: Best Short Subject, Live Action Subjects: Grand Canyon
- 1969: Best Short Subject, Cartoons: Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day
Other honors[link]
Walt Disney was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars awarded in recognition of his significant contribution to the city of Anaheim and specifically Disneyland, which is now the Disneyland Resort. The star is located at the pedestrian entrance to the Disneyland Resort on Harbor Boulevard. Disney has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures and the other for his television work.
Walt Disney received the Congressional Gold Medal on May 24, 1968 (P.L. 90-316, 82 Stat. 130–131) and the Légion d'Honneur awarded by France in 1935.[117] In 1935, Walt received a special medal from the League of Nations for creation of Mickey Mouse, held to be Mickey Mouse award.[118] He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom on September 14, 1964.[119] On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Walt Disney into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.
A minor planet, 4017 Disneya, discovered in 1980 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina, is named after him.[120]
The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California, opened in 2003, was named in his honor.
Waltograph, a freeware typeface, is based on his signature and handwriting.
In 1993, HBO began development of a Walt Disney biopic, directed by Frank Pierson and produced by Lawrence Turman, but the project never materialized and was soon abandoned.[121] However, Walt - The Man Behind the Myth, a biographical documentary about Disney, was later made.[122]
| Preceded by None |
Voice of Mickey Mouse 1928–1947, 1955-1959 |
Succeeded by Jimmy MacDonald |
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Walt Disney". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000370/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ http://www.disneydreamer.com/Waltfaith.htm
- ^ Dave Bryan (2002-08-13). "Walt Disney Helped Wernher von Braun Sell Americans on Space". Associated Press. http://www.space.com/news/spacehistory/vonbraun_disney_020813.html. Retrieved 2010-09-27. [dead link]
- ^ "2010 Form 10-K, Walt Disney Company". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001039/000119312510268910/d10k.htm.
- ^ a b c "Walt Disney Academy awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/index.jsp. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Results Page - Academy Awards Database". http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/help/helpMain.jsp?helpContentURL=statistics/indexStats.html. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Walt Disney, the man behind the mouse". Chicago Sun-Times. 2009-09-27. http://www.suntimes.com/lifestyles/1790811,disney-walt-museum-san-francisco-092709.article. Retrieved 2010-10-21. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Walt Disney biography". Just Disney. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20080605151444/http://www.justdisney.com/WaltDisney100/biography01.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Disneyland Paris. Michelin. 2002-08-07. p. 38. ISBN 2-06-048002-7.
- ^ a b c Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 7.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 9-10.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 15.
- ^ "Walt Disney Hometown Museum". Walt Disney Museum. http://www.waltdisneymuseum.org/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 18.
- ^ Thomas 1991, pp. 33–41
- ^ "Biography of Walt Disney, Film Producer – kchistory.org – Retrieved September 14, 2009". Kchistory.org. http://kchistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/Biographies&CISOPTR=31&CISOBOX=1&REC=2. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 30.
- ^ Thomas 1991, pp. 42–43
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 36.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 37.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 38.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 42.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 44.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 45.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 46.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 48.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 51.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 52.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 56.
- ^ a b c Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 57.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 58.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 64.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 64-71.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 68.
- ^ a b Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 72.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 75.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 78.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 80.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 109.
- ^ Stay 'tooned: Disney gets 'Oswald' for Al Michaels, at ESPN web site, retrieved January 4, 2010
- ^ a b c d e Solomon, Charles. "The Golden Age of Mickey Mouse". Disney. Archived from the original on 2008-07-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20080710052034/http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/mickeymousegoldenage/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 128.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 129.
- ^ Gordon, Ian (2002). "Felix the Cat". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100434. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Neal Gabler, "Walt Disney:The Triumph of the American Imagination" (2006), p. 142.
- ^ a b Merritt, Russell. "THE BIRTH OF THE SILLY SYMPHONIES". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/sillysymphonies/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1930.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Langer, Mark (July 1997) (PDF). Popeye From Strip To Screen. 2. Animation Magazine. pp. 17–19. http://www.awn.com/mag/issue2.4/AWNMag2.4.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Fleischer brothers". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106382/Fleischer-brothers. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1932.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "System 4". Widescreen Museum. http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/technicolor4.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "System 4". Widescreen Museum. http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/technicolor5.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney at the Museum?". Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. http://www.mbam.qc.ca/disney/index_en.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Once Upon a Time: Walt Disney: The Sources of Inspiration for the Disney Studios". fps magazine. http://www.fpsmagazine.com/review/070312onceupon.php. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Danks, Adrian. "Huffing and Puffing about Three Little Pigs". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080422180415/http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/03/29/3_little_pigs.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Three Little Pigs". Disney. http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/pigs/pigs.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1937.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "GOOFY BIOGRAPHY". Tripod.com. http://members.tripod.com/~kariv/bio.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Donald Duck". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9096160/Donald-Duck. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b c "The Windows on Main Street: Sharon Lund « WDW Central". Wdwcentral.wordpress.com. 2008-12-01. http://wdwcentral.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/the-windows-on-main-street-sharon-lund/. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Social Security Death Index". Ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 2011-05-26. http://ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ "Silverado Vineyards". Silverado Vineyards. http://www.silveradovineyards.com/winery/history. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ a b Diane Disney - Biography
- ^ a b "Diane Disney Miller Remembers Dad: Walt's Secret Disneyland Apartment, His Passions & More (PHOTOS)". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/07/walt-disneys-secret-disneyland-apartment-diane-disney-miller_n_1259421.html. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ a b c d Sharon Disney - Biography
- ^ One Hour in Wonderland (TV 1950) - IMDb
- ^ Barrier, 2008, p.324)
- ^ "Sharon Disney Lund | Sharon Lund; Daughter of Walt Disney". Los Angeles Times. 1993-10-17. http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-17/local/me-60_1_walt-disney. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "CalArts Honors Major Donors To Its $125 Million Campaign". Calarts.edu. http://calarts.edu/news/2007-mar-21/calarts-honors-major-donors-its-125-million-campaign. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Popeye's Popularity – Article from 1935". Golden Age Cartoons. http://forums.goldenagecartoons.com/showthread.php?t=2907. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney, Biography". Just Disney. Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20070710012642/http://www.justdisney.com/walt_disney/biography/long_bio.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Cartoons that Time Forgot". Images Journal. http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue08/reviews/vanbeuren/. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "The Inflation Calculator". The Inflation Calculator. http://www.westegg.com/inflation/infl.cgi. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "Walt Disney Studio Biography". Animation USA. http://www.animationusa.com/resources/aboutdisney.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ "The Golden Age of Animation". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/goldenage/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Fantasia Review". The Big Cartoon Database. http://www.bcdb.com/bcdb/cartoon.cgi?film=15&m=r. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Walt & El Grupo (documentary film, 2008).
- ^ "U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State". Patrick Clancey. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
- ^ Gabler, 2006, p.444
- ^ Cramer, Gisela; Prutsch, Ursula, "Nelson A. Rockefeller's Office of Inter-American Affairs (1940–1946) and Record Group 229", Hispanic American Historical Review 2006 86(4):785–806; doi:10.1215/00182168-2006-050. Cf. p.795 and note 28.
- ^ Bender, Pennee. "Hollywood Meets South American and Stages a Show" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association. 2009-05-24 <[1][dead link]>
- ^ Niblo, Stephen R., "Mexico in the 1940s: Modernity, Politics, and Corruption", Wilimington, Del. : Scholarly Resources, 1999. ISBN 0-8420-2794-7. Cf. "Nelson Rockefeller and the Office of Inter-American Affairs", p.333
- ^ Leonard, Thomas M.; Bratzel, John F., Latin America during World War II, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007. ISBN 978-0-7425-3741-5. Cf. p.47.
- ^ Solomon, Charles. "Mickey in the Post-War Era". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/mickeymousepostwar/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Warner Bros. Studio Biography". Animation USA. http://www.animationusa.com/resources/aboutwb.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ "Disney's Animated Classics". Sandcastle VI. http://www.sandcastlevi.com/movies/disneyh5.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Donald Duck". Pet Care Tips. http://petcaretips.net/donald-duck.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b "Testimony of Walter E. Disney before HUAC". CNN. 1947-10-24. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080514003423/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/06/documents/huac/disney.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Cogley, John (1956) Report on Blacklisting, Volume I, Movies Fund for the Republic, New York, p. 34 OCLC 3794664; reprinted in 1972 by Arno Press, New York ISBN 0-405-03915-8
- ^ "Communist brochure" Screen Actors Guild accessed October 20, 2008
- ^ "República de los Niños - Historia del Proyecto". Fundacionvalorar.org.ar. http://www.fundacionvalorar.org.ar/republica2008/Historia.asp. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "Walt Disney Quotes". Tripod.com. http://disneyspace.tripod.com/id1.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Cotter, Bill. "The Television Worlds of Disney – PART II". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/tvworldsofdisney/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ John Lasseter-Commentary-Sleeping Beauty-2008 DVD
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1961.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1981.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Gabler, Neal 2006 Walt Disney: The Triumph of Imagination, Alfed A. Knofph Inc, New York City
- ^ a b c "The Day Walt Died". Disney. http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/waltspassing/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Horsing Around With Walt and Polo". Mouse Planet. http://www.mouseplanet.com/articles.php?art=ww070711ws. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b c "Chronology of the Walt Disney Company". Island Net. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/disn1966.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Kurt Russell Confirms Disney's Last Words". Star Pulse. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/04/24/kurt_russell_confirms_that_walt_disney_s. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
- ^ Greene, K&R (2001). Inside The Dream: The Personal Story Of Walt Disney. Disney Editions. p. 180. ISBN 0-7868-5350-6.
- ^ a b Mikkelson, B & DP (2007-08-24). "Suspended Animation". Snopes.com. http://www.snopes.com/disney/waltdisn/frozen.asp. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b Urban Legends Reference Pages © 1995-2001 by Barbara and David P. Mikkelson
- ^ Hoaxipedia, museumofhoaxes.com "Walt Disney Frozen" by Elliot Feldman © 2008 Alex Boese
- ^ Griffiths, Bill. "Grand opening of Walt Disney world". http://www.startedbyamouse.com/archives/GrandOpeningWDW01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Walt Disney corporate website". Disney. http://corporate.disney.go.com/investors/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ Roy E. Disney-The Legacy of Toy Story-Toy Story-2005, DVD
- ^ "Walt Disney's will". Do Your Own Will. http://www.doyourownwill.com/disney.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
- ^ Plagens, Peter (2000). Sunshine Muse: Art on the West Coast, 1945–1970. University of California Press. p. 159. ISBN 0-520-22392-6.
- ^ Rothstein, Edward (September 30, 2009). "Exploring the Man Behind the Animation". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/arts/design/01disney.html?pagewanted=1.
- ^ Dargis, Manohla (21September 2011). "And Now a Word From the Director". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/movies/conflicting-voices-in-lars-von-triers-words-and-works.html?scp=1&sq=And%20Now%20a%20Word%20from&st=Search. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
- ^ "Walt Disney: More Than 'Toons, Theme Parks". CBS News. 2006-11-01. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/01/earlyshow/leisure/books/main2141735.shtml.
- ^ a b c Gabler, Neal (2007). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. Random House. p. 458. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=41e-Ru0wRkEC&pg=PA458.
- ^ http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/collection/insidestory/inside_1933d.html
- ^ Walt Disney - Awards
- ^ "Disney, Walt" (in French). Bedetheque. http://www.bedetheque.com/auteur-6857-BD-Disney-Walt.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
- ^ "Minnie's Cheat Sheet to my Website". AOL. http://hometown.aol.com/seramary/myhomepage/movies.html. Retrieved 2008-05-21. [dead link]
- ^ link removed, see edit summary
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 342. ISBN 3-540-00238-3. http://books.google.com/books?q=4017+Disneya.
- ^ David Rooney (1994-03-03). "Disney wins Houston and Washington teaming ...". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR119623. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
- ^ "Walt: The Man Behind the Myth (TV 2001) - IMDb". Internet Movie Database. IMDb.com, Inc.. 2011. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0296273/. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
References[link]
- Thomas, Bob (1994). Walt Disney: An American Original. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6027-8.
Further reading[link]
- Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516729-5.
- Broggie, Michael (1997, 1998, 2005). Walt Disney's Railroad Story. Virginia Beach, Virginia. Donning Publishers. ISBN 1-56342-009-0
- Eliot, Marc (1993). Walt Disney: Hollywood's Dark Prince. Carol. ISBN 1-55972-174-X
- Mosley, Leonard. Disney's World: A Biography (1985, 2002). Chelsea, MI: Scarborough House. ISBN 0-8128-8514-7.
- Gabler, Neal. Walt Disney: The Triumph of American Imagination (2006). New York, NY. Random House. ISBN 0-679-43822-X
- Schickel, Richard, and Dee, Ivan R. (1967, 1985, 1997). The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. ISBN 1-56663-158-0.
- Sherman, Robert B. and Sherman, Richard M. (1998) "Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond" ISBN 0-9646059-3-7
- Thomas, Bob (1991). Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 1-56282-899-1.
- Watts, Steven, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, University of Missouri Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8262-1379-0
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Walt Disney |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Walt Disney |
- Walt Disney at the Internet Movie Database
- Walt Disney at the TCM Movie Database
- Works by or about Walt Disney in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Walt Disney Family Museum
- Walt Disney Gravesite
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Disney, Walter Elias |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Producer, director and animator |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1901 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | December 15, 1966 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, United States |
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
See also: Ivor Novello Awards
| Ivor Novello | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | David Ivor Davies (1893-01-15)15 January 1893 Cardiff, Wales |
| Died | 6 March 1951(1951-03-06) (aged 58) London, England |
| Occupation | Actor, singer, composer |
| Years active | 1914–1951 |
| Partner | Bobbie Andrews (1916–51) |
David Ivor Davies (15 January 1893 – 6 March 1951), better known as Ivor Novello, was a Welsh composer, singer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the first half of the 20th century. Born into a musical family, his first successes were as a songwriter. His first big hit was "Keep the Home Fires Burning", which was enormously popular during the First World War. After the war, Novello contributed numbers to several successful musical comedies and was eventually commissioned to write the scores of complete shows. In the 1920s, he turned to acting, first in films and then on stage, with considerable success in both.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early years[link]
Novello was born in Cardiff, Wales, to David Davies (c. 1852 — 1931), a rent collector for the city council,[1] and his wife, Clara Novello Davies, an internationally-known singing teacher and choral conductor.[2] As a boy, Novello was a successful singer in the Welsh Eisteddfod.[3] His mother set up as voice teacher in London, where he met leading performers, including members of George Edwardes's Gaiety Theatre company, classical musicians such as Landon Ronald, and singers such as Adelina Patti.[1] Another of his mother's associates was Clara Butt, who taught him to sing "Abide with Me" when he was a boy of six.[4]
Novello was educated privately in Cardiff and then in Gloucester, where he studied harmony and counterpoint with Herbert Brewer, the cathedral organist. From there he won a scholarship to Magdalen College School in Oxford, where he was a solo treble in the college choir. He later said that this prolonged youthful exposure to early sacred choral music had turned his tastes, in reaction, to lush romantic music.[1] Although Brewer had told him he would not have a career in music,[2] Novello from his early youth showed a facility for writing songs, and when he was only 15, one of his songs was published.[5] After leaving school, he gave piano lessons in Cardiff, and then moved to London in 1913. He took a flat above the Strand Theatre, which became his London home for the rest of his life.[1]
In London he found a mentor in Sir Edward Marsh, a well-known patron of the arts. Marsh encouraged him to compose and introduced him to people who could help his career.[1] He adopted part of his mother's maiden name, "Novello" as his professional surname, although he did not change it legally until 1927.[6]
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In 1914, at the start of the First World War, Novello wrote "Keep the Home Fires Burning", a song that expressed the feelings of innumerable families sundered by World War I. Novello composed the music for the song to a lyric by the American Lena Guilbert-Ford, and it became a huge popular success, bringing Novello money and fame at the age of 21.[7] In other respects, the war had less impact on Novello than on many young men of his age. He avoided active service until June 1916, when he reported to a Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) training depot as a probationary flight sub-lieutenant. After twice crashing an aeroplane, and with the influence of Marsh, he was moved to the Air Ministry office in central London performing clerical duties for the duration of the war.[8]
Composer and actor[link]
Novello continued to write songs while serving in the RNAS. He had his first stage success with Theodore & Co in 1916, a production by George Grossmith, Jr. and Edward Laurillard with a score composed by Novello and the young Jerome Kern.[9] In the same year, Novello contributed to André Charlot's revue See-Saw.[1] In 1917 he wrote for another Grossmith and Laurillard production, the operette Arlette, for which he contributed additional numbers to an existing French score by Jane Vieu and Guy le Feuvre.[10] In the same year, Marsh introduced him to the actor Bobbie Andrews, who became Novello's life partner.[1] Andrews introduced Novello to the young Noël Coward. Coward, six years Novello's junior, was deeply envious of Novello's effortless glamour. He wrote, "I just felt suddenly conscious of the long way I had to go before I could break into the magic atmosphere in which he moved and breathed with such nonchalance".[11]
In 1918 and after the war, Novello continued to write successfully for musical comedy and revue. The former included Who's Hooper? (1919), an adaptation of a Pinero play, with a book by Fred Thompson, lyrics by Clifford Grey, and music by Howard Talbot and Novello,[12] and The Golden Moth by Thompson and P.G. Wodehouse (1921), for which Novello provided the entire score.[13] For Charlot, he contributed numbers to the revues Tabs (1918), A to Z (1921) and Puppets (1924). For the second of these, his songs included one of his few well-known comedy numbers, "And her mother came too", with lyrics by Dion Titheradge, written for Jack Buchanan.[1]
At the same time as his successes as a composer, Novello was making a career as an actor. With "a classic profile that gained him matinee idol status amongst the film-going public",[14] he was sought out on the strength of a publicity photograph by the Swiss film director Louis Mercanton. Mercanton offered him a silent-film role as the romantic lead in The Call of the Blood (1920). In the same year, he made another film for Mercanton, Miarka.[1] Novello made his first English film, Carnival, the following year.[1]
Novello made his stage debut in 1921 in Deburau by Sacha Guitry with Robert Loraine, Madge Titheradge and Bobbie Andrews,[15] and among other stage engagements, in the next years he played Bingley in an adaptation of Pride and Prejudice with Ben Webster as D'Arcy and Mary Jerrold as Elizabeth, in a cast that included Ellen Terry, May Whitty and Joyce Carey.[16] At about this time, Novello had an affair with the writer Siegfried Sassoon; it was short lived, but in the words of Sassoon's biographer John Stuart Roberts, Novello "was a consummate flirt who collected lovers as he gathered lilacs."[17]
In 1923, Novello made his American movie debut in D. W. Griffith's The White Rose. Back in England he co-wrote, produced and starred in the successful 1924 play The Rat.[18] The play was made into a film in 1925, which was so successful that two sequels followed in 1926 and 1928.[1] His dramatic roles in the West End included the title character in the first London production of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom (1926).[19]
Other films in which Novello starred included Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger (1926), where he played the sinister title character, and Downhill (1927). The British film company Gainsborough Pictures offered Novello a well-paid contract, which enabled him to buy a country house in Littlewick Green, near Maidenhead.[1] He renamed the property Redroofs, and he entertained there famously and with little regard for convention. Cecil Beaton, noting the frequent homosexual excesses, coined the phrase, "the Ivor/Noel naughty set".[20] Coward had by now caught Novello up professionally, despite a joint disaster when Novello starred in Coward's play Sirocco in 1927, which was a débâcle, and closed within a month of opening.[21][22] In 1928 Novello starred in the silent adaptation of Coward's much more successful The Vortex, and made his last silent film, A South Sea Bubble.[1]
Novello returned to composing for the lyric stage in 1929, writing eight numbers for the revue The House that Jack Built. In the same year, he presented his own play Symphony in Two Flats, which he took to New York the following year. It was followed by a successful Broadway production of his The Truth Game, which brought him to the attention of Hollywood studios. He accepted a contract to write for and appear in MGM films. He found little to do in Hollywood, however, beyond writing the dialogue for Tarzan the Ape Man.[23] Returning to London, he starred in the sound remake of The Lodger (1932).[1]
1930s musicals[link]
After beginning the 1930s with a series of non-musical plays, I Lived With You (1932), Fresh Fields, Proscenium, Sunshine Sisters, Flies in the Sun (all 1933) and Murder in Mayfair (1934), Novello returned to composition in 1935 with Glamorous Night, which was the first of a series of enormously popular musicals. The Times considered that it was for these that Novello would be popularly remembered.[5] Paul Webb, in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, writes that Novello's show saved the fortunes of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane:
Dominating the British musical theatre from the mid-1930s to the early 1950s, his shows were heavily influenced by the operettas that he had grown up with (he saw Die lustige Witwe 27 times), but had a highly individual style of their own. Blending musicals with opera, operetta and both modern and classical dance, these shows were considered something of an anachronism in their own time, but that was part of their appeal.
Another model was Coward's 1929 musical Bitter Sweet, which Novello called "a lovely, lovely thing … sheer joy from beginning to end". That, too, was an old-fashioned musical, "so full of regret … for a vanished kindly silly darling age."[24]
For all his four 1930s musicals, Novello wrote the book and music, Christopher Hassall wrote the lyrics, and the orchestrations were by Charles Prentice. Glamorous Night starred Novello and Mary Ellis, with a cast including Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Elizabeth Welch, and ran from 2 May 1935 to 18 July 1936, at Drury Lane and then the London Coliseum.[25] Careless Rapture ran from 11 September 1936 for 296 performances, with Novello, Dorothy Dickson and Zena Dare in the leading roles.[26] Crest of the Wave starred Novello, Dickson and Gilbert, and ran from 1 September 1937 for 203 performances.[2] The last of Novello's pre-war musicals was The Dancing Years, which starred Novello, Ellis and Gilbert, opened at Drury Lane, closed on the outbreak of the Second World War, and re-opened at the Adelphi Theatre, running for a combined total of 696 performances, closing on 8 July 1944.[27] This show was the closest Novello came to fulfilling his mother's early ambitions for him to write operas; he played an Austrian composer-conductor at the Wiener Hofoper.[2]
Second World War and last years[link]
Novello presented only two new shows during the war. Arc de Triomphe (1943), a musical vehicle for Mary Ellis, was only a modest success, but Perchance to Dream (1945) was immensely successful, running for 1,022 performances. In between the two shows, Novello had been in serious legal trouble and served four weeks in prison for misuse of petrol coupons, a serious offence in wartime Britain. An admiring fan had stolen the coupons from her employer, but the court found that Novello was also culpable.[28] The prison term, though short, came as a severe shock to Novello, both mentally and physically, and had serious lasting effects.[1] Not everybody was supportive; Coward's sympathy was limited: "He's been fighting like a steer to keep going as before the war and hasn't done a thing for the general effort",[29] but when Novello returned to The Dancing Years after his release, he received "a rapturous ovation" on his first entrance.[1]
Novello's last full-scale production in this style, King's Rhapsody (1949), was, in Webb's words, "a selfconsciously romantic counter-blast to the modern musical: crown princes, ballrooms, royal yachts, beautiful princesses and a full-scale coronation".[2] After the rigours of war, this escapist entertainment had strong box-office appeal, and ran for 841 performances.[30] The show starred Novello and the cast included Phyllis Dare, Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Bobbie Andrews. It was still running, at the Palace Theatre, when Novello's last show opened. This was Gay's the Word (1951). Novello had written no role for himself; the show starred the comedy actress Cicely Courtneidge and was a departure from his established pattern, balancing the contrasting styles of European operetta and post-war American musicals.[1] The Times commented that the show "cheerfully parodied the very Ruritanian romances to which he owed his most triumphant successes."[5]
Novello died suddenly from a coronary thrombosis at the age of 58, a few hours after completing a performance in the run of King's Rhapsody.[5] He was cremated at the Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes are buried beneath a lilac bush and marked with a plaque that reads "Ivor Novello 6th March 1951 'Till you are home once more'."[31] Only a few weeks before Novello's death, Coward had written of him: "Theatre – good, bad and indifferent – is the love of his life. For him, other human endeavours are mere shadows. … The reward of his work lies in the indisputable fact that whenever and wherever he appears the vast majority of the British public flock to see him."[4] Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians writes of Novello that he was "until the advent of Andrew Lloyd Webber, the 20th-century's most consistently successful composer of British musicals."[2]
Legacy[link]
The Ivor Novello Awards for songwriting, established in 1955 in Novello's memory, are awarded each year by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) to British songwriters and composers as well as to an outstanding international music writer. A scholarship in memory of Novello was established at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and in 1952 a bronze bust of him by Clemence Dane was unveiled at Drury Lane. In St. Paul's, Covent Garden, known as the actors' church, a panel was installed to commemorate Novello, and in 1972, to mark the 21st anniversary of his death, a memorial stone was unveiled in St. Paul's Cathedral.[1]
In 1993, the centenary of Novello's birth was marked by several celebratory shows around the UK, including one at the Players Theatre in London.[14] In 2005, the Strand Theatre, above which Novello lived for many years, was renamed the Novello Theatre. On 27 June 2009, a statue of Novello was unveiled outside the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay. Plaques detailing some of his best-known songs are fitted to the pedestal, along with a dedication to Novello.[32] Novello's memory is promoted by The Ivor Novello Appreciation Bureau, which holds annual events around Britain, including an annual pilgrimage to Redroofs each June. Redroofs was sold after Novello's death and is now a theatre training school.[33]
Novello was portrayed in Robert Altman's 2001 film, Gosford Park, by Jeremy Northam, and several of his songs were used for the film's soundtrack, including "Waltz of My Heart", "And Her Mother Came Too", "I Can Give You the Starlight", "What a Duke Should Be", "Why Isn't It You?" and "The Land of Might-Have-Been".
Songs[link]
Among Novello's well known songs are, "Keep the Home Fires Burning";[34] "Fold Your Wings"; "Shine Through My Dreams"; "Rose of England"; "I Can Give You the Starlight"; "And Her Mother Came Too"; "My Dearest Dear"; "The Land of Might-Have-Been"; "When I Curtsied to the King"; "We'll Gather Lilacs"; "Someday my Heart Will Awake"; "Yesterday"; "Waltz of My Heart"; "Why isn't It You"; "My Life Belongs to You"; "Fly Home Little Heart"; "Take Your Girl"; and "Primrose".
In Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Webb writes that although Novello's oeuvre is generally thought of as "romantic" and "Ruritanian", his music "was far more varied than his current reputation suggests." Webb contends that such romantic hits as "Someday My Heart Will Awake" were balanced by "rousing operetta choruses ... and jazz age numbers" while "'Rose of England' is a stately patriotic piece that stands comparison with Elgar or Walton".[2]
Filmography[link]
|
|
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Snelson, John. "Novello, Ivor (1893–1951)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online editiion, January 2011, accessed 17 March 2011 (Subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e f g Webb, Paul. "Novello, Ivor", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 17 March 2011 (Subscription required)
- ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 29
- ^ a b Trewin, J. C. "Popular Idol", The Times Literary Supplement, 18 May 1951, p. 304
- ^ a b c d Obituary, The Times, 7 March 1951, p. 6
- ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 120
- ^ Grove Music Online states that the song dates from 1915, but the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography gives the date as 1914, a fact confirmed by the British Library catalogue.
- ^ MacQueen-Pope, pp. 57-62
- ^ "Theodore & Co", The Play Pictorial, September 1916, p. 50
- ^ Findon, B.W. "'Arlette' – An Operette in Three Acts", The Play Pictorial, November 1917, p. 82
- ^ Hoare, p. 55
- ^ Findon, B. W. "Who's Hooper?", The Play Pictorial, July 1919, p. 35
- ^ "The Golden Moth", The Times, 6 October 1921, p. 8
- ^ a b "Ivor Novello", Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Oxford Music Online, accessed 16 March 2011 (Subscription required)
- ^ "The Theatres", The Times, 20 October 1921, p. 8
- ^ "Plays of the Year", The Play Pictorial, October 1922, p. 111
- ^ Roberts, p. 195
- ^ It was credited to the pseudonymous David L'Estrange, but was the work of Novello and his friend, the actress Constance Collier: see ODNB
- ^ "Duke of York's Theatre", The Times, 24 December 1926, p. 8
- ^ Hoare, p. 123
- ^ Hoare, pp. 187–88
- ^ "The Theatres. Sirocco to be Withdrawn", The Times, 12 December 1927, p. 12
- ^ According to the ODNB, "he reputedly originated the line that gave rise to the now mythical if inaccurate 'Me Tarzan. You Jane' (originally – with appropriate pointing – 'Tarzan. Jane.')"
- ^ Letter from Novello to Coward, undated, in Day, p. 156
- ^ Theatres", The Times, 2 May 1935, p. 12; and 18 July 1936, p. 12
- ^ "Drury Lane", The Times, 12 September 1936, p. 10; and Gaye, p. 1529
- ^ Gaye, p. 1530
- ^ MacQueen-Pope, p. 234. The offending fan, Dora Grace Constable, escaped with a £50 fine: see ODNB
- ^ Hoare, p. 349; Coward's modified sympathy was later echoed in Ewan MacColl's song "Ivor": see MacColl, Ewan. Bad Lads and Hard Cases, Riverside LP 1957
- ^ Gaye, p. 1533
- ^ "Ivor Novello". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1267. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
- ^ "Statue honours composer Novello", BBC News, 27 June 2009
- ^ "About us", Redroofs Associates, accessed 16 March 2011
- ^ 1917 mp3 recording of "Keep the home fires burning" sung by John McCormack, firstworldwar.com, accessed 20 November 2009
References[link]
- Day, Barry (ed). The Letters of Noël Coward. London: Methuen. (2007). ISBN 978-0-7136-8578-7.
- Gaye, Freda. Who's Who in the Theatre, fourteenth edition, 1967. London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons.
- Hoare, Philip. Noël Coward, A Biography. London: Sinclair-Stevenson (1995). ISBN 1-85619-265-2.
- MacQueen-Pope, W. J. Ivor: The Story of an Achievement. London: Hutchinson (1954)
- Harding, James. Ivor Novello, London: W. H. Allen (1987) ISBN 0-491-03385-0
- Roberts, John Stuart. Siegfried Sassoon, London: Metro Publishing (2005). ISBN 1-84358-138-8
External links[link]
- Ivor Novello at the Internet Movie Database
- Ivor Novello at the Internet Broadway Database
- The Ivor Novello Appreciation Bureau
- Ivor Novello as author in the Theatre Archive University of Bristol
- Ivor Novello as composer, Theatre Archive University of Bristol
- Ivor Novello as actor in Theatre Archive University of Bristol
- Ivor Novello biography from BBC Wales
- Ivor Novello biography on BBC South East Wales
- Ivor Novello at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
- Photographs and literature
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Novello, Ivor |
| Alternative names | Davies, David Ivor |
| Short description | Welsh composer, singer and actor |
| Date of birth | 15 January 1893 |
| Place of birth | Cardiff, Wales, UK |
| Date of death | 6 March 1951 |
| Place of death | London, England, UK |
http://wn.com/Ivor_Novello
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
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| Ursula Jeans | |
|---|---|
| Born | Ursula Jean McMinn (1906-05-05)5 May 1906 Shimla, British India |
| Died | 21 April 1973(1973-04-21) (aged 66) London, England, UK] |
| Occupation | Actress |
Ursula Jean McMinn (5 May 1906 – 21 April 1973) was a British film, stage and television actress.
Ursula Jeans was born in Shimla, British India, to British parents, and brought up and educated in London. She was the youngest of three siblings. Her brother Desmond Jeans was a boxer and actor, and her elder sister, Isabel, was also an actress.
Ursula Jeans made her stage debut in London in 1925, and in New York in 1933. Her second marriage was to the actor Roger Livesey from 1937 until her death. (Livesey's sister Maggie was already married to Desmond Jeans.) She appeared in one film with her husband, 1943's The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp. She entertained troops with ENSA during World War II, sometimes working with her husband. After the war she continued acting, including a stage tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1956–1958.
Last years and death[link]
She continued to act into the 1970s, and died of cancer in 1973, aged 66, some 18 months after her diagnosis.
Selected filmography[link]
- The Passing of Mr. Quinn (1928)
- S.O.S. (1928)
- The Crooked Lady (1932)
- Once Bitten (1932)
- Friday the Thirteenth (1933)
- I Lived with You (1933)
- Cavalcade (1933)
- Man in the Mirror (1936)
- Dark Journey (1937)
- Storm in a Teacup (1937)
- Over the Moon (1939)
- The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
- The Woman in the Hall (1947)
- The Dam Busters (1955)
- The Night My Number Came Up (1955)
- North West Frontier (1959)
- The Green Helmet (1961)
- The Queen's Guards (1961)
External links[link]
- Ursula Jeans at the Internet Movie Database
- Performances listed on the Theatre Archive University of Bristol
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jeans, Ursula |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 5 May 1906 |
| Place of birth | Simla, India |
| Date of death | 21 April 1973 |
| Place of death | United Kingdom |
http://wn.com/Ursula_Jeans
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Jeans
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ida Lupino | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1918-02-04)4 February 1918 Camberwell, London |
| Died | 3 August 1995(1995-08-03) (aged 77) Los Angeles, California |
| Occupation | Actress, director |
| Years active | 1931–1978 |
| Spouse | Louis Hayward (m.1938–1945; divorced) Collier Young (m.1948–1951; divorced) Howard Duff (m.1951–1984; divorced) |
Ida Lupino (4 February 1918[1] – 3 August 1995) was an English-born film actress and director, and a pioneer among women filmmakers. In her 48-year career, she appeared in 59 films and directed seven others, mostly in the United States, where she became a citizen in 1948. She appeared in serial television programmes 58 times and directed 50 other episodes. Additionally, she contributed as a writer to five films and four TV episodes.[2]
Contents |
Acting career[link]
Lupino was born in 1918 into an English family of performers.[3] Her father, Stanley Lupino, was a music hall comedian, and her mother, Connie Emerald (1892–1959), was an actress.[4] As a girl, Ida Lupino was encouraged to enter show business by both her parents and her uncle, Lupino Lane. She trained at RADA and made her first film appearance in The Love Race (1931), the next year making Her First Affaire. She played leading roles in five British films in 1933 at Warner Bros.' Teddington studios and for Julius Hagen at Twickenham, including in The Ghost Camera with John Mills and I Lived with You with Ivor Novello. She moved to Hollywood at the end of that year.[5]
Lupino starred in over a dozen films in the mid-1930s. Following her appearance in The Light That Failed (1939), she began to be taken seriously as a dramatic actress. As a result, her parts improved during the 1940s, and she described herself as "the poor man's Bette Davis."[6]
During this period, Lupino became known for her hard-boiled roles,[7] as in such films as They Drive by Night (1940) and High Sierra (1941), both opposite Humphrey Bogart. For her performance in The Hard Way (1943), she won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress. She worked regularly and was in demand throughout the 1940s without becoming a major star until later. In 1947, Lupino left Warner Bros. to freelance. Notable films she appeared in around that time include Road House and On Dangerous Ground.
Directing career[link]
In the mid-1940s, while on suspension for turning down a role,[8] Lupino became interested in directing. She described herself as being bored on set while "someone else seemed to be doing all the interesting work."[7] She and her husband Collier Young formed an independent company, The Filmakers [sic], and Lupino became a producer, director and screenwriter of low-budget, issue-oriented films.[9]
Her first directing job came unexpectedly in 1949 when Elmer Clifton suffered a mild heart attack and could not finish Not Wanted, the film he was directing for Filmakers. Lupino stepped in to finish the film and went on to direct her own projects, becoming Hollywood's only female film director of the time.[10]
In an article for the Village Voice, Carrie Rickey wrote that Lupino was a model of modern feminist filmmaking, stating:
Not only did Lupino take control of production, direction and screenplay, but each of her movies addresses the brutal repercussions of sexuality, independence, and dependence.[11]
File:Hitch-Hiker Lupino.jpg
Lupino (left) directing The Hitch-Hiker (1953)
After four "woman's" films about social issues – including Outrage (1950), a film about rape – Lupino directed her first hard-paced, fast-moving picture, The Hitch-Hiker (1953), making her the first woman to direct a film noir. Writer Richard Koszarski noted that:
Her films display the obsessions and consistencies of a true auteur... In her films The Bigamist and The Hitch-Hiker Lupino was able to reduce the male to the same sort of dangerous, irrational force that women represented in most male-directed examples of Hollywood film noir.[12]
Lupino often joked that if she had been the "poor man's Bette Davis" as an actress, then she had become the "poor man's Don Siegel" as a director.[13] In 1952, Lupino was invited to become the "fourth star" in Four Star Productions by Dick Powell, David Niven and Charles Boyer, after Joel McCrea and Rosalind Russell had dropped out of the company.
Television[link]
Lupino continued acting throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Her directing efforts during these years were almost exclusively television productions such as Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Thriller, The Twilight Zone, Have Gun – Will Travel, The Donna Reed Show, Gilligan's Island, 77 Sunset Strip, The Ghost & Mrs. Muir, The Rifleman, The Virginian, Sam Benedict, The Untouchables, The Fugitive and Bewitched.
Lupino appeared in 19 episodes of Four Star Playhouse from 1952 to 1956. From January 1957 through September 1958, Lupino starred with her then husband, Howard Duff, in the CBS sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve, in which the duo played husband and wife film stars named Howard Adams and Eve Drake, living in Beverly Hills, California. Duff and Lupino also co-starred as themselves in 1959 in one of the 13 one-hour installments of The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour. Lupino guest-starred on numerous television programs, including The Ford Television Theatre (1954), The Twilight Zone (1959), Bonanza (1959), Burke's Law (1963–64), The Virginian (1963–65), Batman (1968), The Mod Squad (1969), Family Affair (1969–70), Columbo (1972–74), Barnaby Jones (1974), The Streets of San Francisco ("Blockade", 1974), Ellery Queen (1975), Police Woman (1975) and Charlie's Angels (1977), to name a few. She made her final film appearance in 1978 and retired at the age of 60.
Awards and homage[link]
Lupino has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the fields of television and motion pictures. They are located at 1724 Vine Street and 6821 Hollywood Boulevard. Lupino is the titular subject of a jazz homage composed by Carla Bley in 1964, originally for the album Turning Point.[14] She won the inaugural Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Devil's Rain.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
.jpg)
Lupino was born in Camberwell, London, (allegedly under a table during a World War I zeppelin raid[citation needed]) to actress Connie O'Shea (Connie Emerald) and music hall entertainer Stanley Lupino, a member of the theatrical Lupino family. Lupino's birth year is 1918 and not 1914 as some biographies have claimed.[1] Her sister Rita Lupino, born in 1920, became an actress and dancer. During World War II she served as a Lieutenant in the Women's Ambulance and Defense Corps.[15] Lupino became a U.S. citizen in 1948.[16]
Lupino was married and divorced three times.
- Louis Hayward, actor (November 1938 - 11 May 1945)
- Collier Young, producer (1948–1951)
- Howard Duff, actor (October 1951 - 1984) with whom she had daughter Bridget Duff on 23 April 1952
In 1983, Lupino petitioned a California court to appoint her business manager, Mary Ann Anderson, as her conservator due to poor business dealings from her prior business management company and her long separation from Howard Duff.
Lupino died from a stroke while undergoing treatment for colon cancer in Los Angeles in August 1995, at the age of 77.[citation needed] Lupino's memoirs, Ida Lupino: Beyond the Camera, were edited after her death and published by Mary Ann Anderson.[17]
Filmography[link]
| Title | Year | As actress | Role | As director | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Love Race, TheThe Love Race | 1931 | Yes | Minor supporting role | ||
| Her First Affaire | 1932 | Yes | Anne | ||
| Ghost Camera, TheThe Ghost Camera | 1933 | Yes | Mary Fulton | ||
| High Finance | 1933 | Yes | Jill | ||
| Money for Speed | 1933 | Yes | Jane | ||
| I Lived with You | 1933 | Yes | Ada Wallis | ||
| Prince of Arcadia | 1933 | Yes | The Princess | ||
| Search for Beauty | 1934 | Yes | Barbara Hilton | ||
| Come on Marines | 1934 | Yes | Esther Smith-Hamilton | ||
| Ready for Love | 1934 | Yes | Marigold Tate | ||
| Paris in Spring | 1935 | Yes | Mignon de Charelle | ||
| Smart Girl | 1935 | Yes | Pat Reynolds | ||
| Peter Ibbetson | 1935 | Yes | Agnes | ||
| Fiesta de Santa Barbara, LaLa Fiesta de Santa Barbara | 1935 | Yes | Herself | ||
| Anything Goes | 1936 | Yes | Hope Harcourt | ||
| One Rainy Afternoon | 1936 | Yes | Monique Pelerin | ||
| Yours for the Asking | 1936 | Yes | Gert Malloy | ||
| Gay Desperado, TheThe Gay Desperado | 1936 | Yes | Jane | ||
| Sea Devils | 1937 | Yes | Doris Malone | ||
| Let's Get Married | 1937 | Yes | Paula Quinn | ||
| Artists and Models | 1937 | Yes | Paula Sewell/Paula Monterey | ||
| Fight for Your Lady | 1937 | Yes | Marietta | ||
| Lone Wolf Spy Hunt, TheThe Lone Wolf Spy Hunt | 1939 | Yes | Val Carson | ||
| Lady and the Mob, TheThe Lady and the Mob | 1939 | Yes | Lila Thorne | ||
| Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, TheThe Adventures of Sherlock Holmes | 1939 | Yes | Ann Brandon | ||
| Light That Failed, TheThe Light That Failed | 1939 | Yes | Bessie Broke | ||
| Screen Snapshots Series 18, No. 6 | 1939 | Yes | Herself | Promotional short film | |
| They Drive by Night | 1940 | Yes | Lana Carlsen | ||
| High Sierra | 1940 | Yes | Marie | ||
| Sea Wolf, TheThe Sea Wolf | 1941 | Yes | Ruth Webster | ||
| Out of the Fog | 1941 | Yes | Stella Goodwin | ||
| Ladies in Retirement | 1941 | Yes | Ellen Creed | ||
| Moontide | 1942 | Yes | Anna | ||
| Life Begins at Eight-Thirty | 1942 | Yes | Kathy Thomas | ||
| Forever and a Day | 1943 | Yes | Jenny | ||
| Hard Way, TheThe Hard Way | 1943 | Yes | Mrs. Helen Chernen | ||
| Thank Your Lucky Stars | 1943 | Yes | Herself | ||
| In Our Time | 1944 | Yes | Jennifer Whittredge | ||
| Hollywood Canteen | 1944 | Yes | Herself | ||
| Pillow to Post | 1945 | Yes | Jean Howard | ||
| Devotion | 1946 | Yes | Emily Bronte | ||
| Man I Love, TheThe Man I Love | 1947 | Yes | Petey Brown | ||
| Deep Valley | 1947 | Yes | Libby Saul | ||
| Escape Me Never | 1947 | Yes | Gemma Smith | ||
| Road House | 1948 | Yes | Lily Stevens | ||
| Lust for Gold | 1949 | Yes | Julia Thomas | ||
| Not Wanted | 1949 | Yes | |||
| Never Fear | 1949 | Yes | |||
| Woman in Hiding | 1950 | Yes | Deborah Chandler Clark | ||
| Outrage | 1950 | Yes | Country Dance Attendee | Yes | |
| Hard, Fast and Beautiful | 1951 | Yes | Seabright Tennis Match Supervisor | Yes | |
| On the Loose | 1951 | Yes | Narrator | ||
| On Dangerous Ground | 1952 | Yes | Mary Malden | ||
| Beware, My Lovely | 1952 | Yes | Mrs. Helen Gordon | ||
| Hitch-Hiker, TheThe Hitch-Hiker | 1953 | Yes | |||
| Jennifer | 1953 | Yes | Agnes Langley | ||
| Bigamist, TheThe Bigamist | 1953 | Yes | Phyllis Martin | Yes | |
| Private Hell 36 | 1954 | Yes | Lilli Marlowe | ||
| Women's Prison | 1955 | Yes | Amelia van Zandt | ||
| Big Knife, TheThe Big Knife | 1955 | Yes | Marion Castle | ||
| While the City Sleeps | 1956 | Yes | Mildred Donner | ||
| Strange Intruder | 1956 | Yes | Alice Carmichael | ||
| Bewitched | 1965 | Yes | TV series | ||
| Trouble with Angels, TheThe Trouble with Angels | 1966 | Yes | |||
| Junior Bonner | 1972 | Yes | Elvira Bonner | ||
| The Strangers in 7A | 1972 | Yes | Iris Sawyer | ||
| Devil's Rain, TheThe Devil's Rain | 1975 | Yes | Mrs. Preston | ||
| Food of the Gods, TheThe Food of the Gods | 1976 | Yes | Mrs. Skinner | ||
| Charlie's Angels | 1977 | Yes | Gloria Gibson | TV series | |
| My Boys are Good Boys | 1978 | Yes | Mrs. Morton |
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Recorded in Births Mar 1918 Camberwell Vol. 1d, p. 1019 (Free BMD). Transcribed as "Lupine" in the official births index
- ^ Ida Lupino at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Allrovi Biography
- ^ Acker, Alley, Reel Women - Pioneers of the Cinema, The Continuum Publishing Company, 1991, p. 75, ISBN 0-8264-0499-5
- ^ Ida Lupino TCM biography. Accessed 4 July 2011.
- ^ Katz, Ephraim; Fred Klein, Ronald Dean Nolan (1998). The Film Encyclopedia (3rd Edition ed.). New York: HarperPerennial. p. 858. ISBN 0-06-273492-X.
- ^ a b Acker, p. 76
- ^ Rickey, Carrie, "Lupino Noir," Village Voice, October 29 - November 4, 1980, p. 43
- ^ Acker, pp. 74, 76,
- ^ Acker, p. 75
- ^ Rickey, VV, p. 43, as quoted in Reel Women by Acker, p. 76
- ^ Koszarski, Richard, Hollywood Directors, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976 ISBN 0-19-502085-5 (0-19-502085-5)
- ^ Wood, Bret. "Outrage (1950)". Turner Classic Movies Online. http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article.jsp?cid=102732&mainArticleId=159651. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
- ^ "Ida Lupino". YouTube clip, played by Paul Bley, accessed September 5, 2010
- ^ "Partners in Winning the War: American Women in WWII". National Women's History Museum. http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/partners/34.htm. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ Kupferberg, Audrey E. "Lupino, Ida", FilmReference.com, accessed April 11, 2012
- ^ "Ida Lupino : Beyond The Camera", Paul Green: Author, Blog at WordPress.com, 6 July 2011
External links[link]
- Ida Lupino at the Internet Movie Database
- Ida Lupino at the TCM Movie Database
- Ida Lupino at Find a Grave (photos of Lupino)
- Ida Lupino at Virtual History
|
||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lupino, Ida |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | (1918-02-04)February 4, 1918 |
| Place of birth | Camberwell, London, England, UK |
| Date of death | August 3, 1995(1995-08-03) (aged 77) |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Ida_Lupino
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Lupino
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
