WGAU (1340 AM, "News-Talk 1340") is a radio station licensed to serve Athens, Georgia, United States, that broadcasts a News/Talk format. The transmitter is located at the studios (with WNGC)in the Five Points area of Downtown Athens.

WGAU began broadcasting on May 1, 1938. It was purchased in 1956 by Clarke Broadcasting Company, owned by H. Randolph Holder and Tom Lloyd, two broadcasters who also owned WLAQ in Rome, Georgia, and WGRI in Griffin, Georgia. Holder was a popular Athens newsman whose morning and midday news commentaries had a wide following.

The station has played many different musical formats before switching to the current format of news and talk in the early 1990s. Over the years, it served as a launching pad for a number of successful broadcasters who worked at WGAU during their student days at the Henry Grady College of Journalism at the nearby University of Georgia. These included Harry Chapman, later with WTVF in Nashville, Tennessee, and Bruce Bartley, the lead newscaster of Atlanta's WSB Radio.

Country legend Bill Anderson was a DJ on WGAU in the 1950s when he was 19, and was fired for playing country music. In an interview with Tim Bryant [1], Bill said H. Randolph Holder, owner of WGAU, offered him a job under the condition he would not play country music. One evening, Bill was running an Atlanta Crackers baseball game which became rained out. Instructions in the studio said if the game gets rained out, to switch to the CBS Radio Network. When Bill switched to the network, The "Louisiana Hay Ride" was on, and Johnny Horton's "Honky Tonk Man" was playing. Before the song was finished, Holder had called Bill to get the program off the air. Holder fired Bill that following Monday, but got him a job at a new radio station in Commerce.

July 26, 1985, WGAU began broadcasting in AM STEREO.

WGAU, along with sister WNGC, was sold to Southern Broadcasting in 1999.^{[citation needed]} In January 2008, it was announced that WGAU and WNGC were sold (along with sister stations WGMG, WPUP, WRFC) to Cox Radio in Atlanta.^[1] WGAU was the home to many University of Georgia sports, which air now on sister "Sports Radio 960 WRFC"

Current notable local programming includes "Athens Morning News" with Matt Caesar and Tim Bryant, "Liz Talk" with Liz Dalton, and "Newsmakers" with Tim Bryant. Notable syndicated programming includes talk shows by right-wing conservatives Neal Boortz, Rush Limbaugh, and Sean Hannity, as well as consumer advocate Clark Howard and the paranormal Coast to Coast AM radio show.

The station is an affiliate of the Atlanta Braves radio network, the largest radio affiliate network in Major League Baseball.^[2]

WGAU Schedule[link]

• = a local show

The call letters, of course, refer to the University of Georgia.

References[link]

External links[link]

• WGAU official website
• Query the FCC's AM station database for WGAU
• Radio-Locator Information on WGAU
• Query Arbitron's AM station database for WGAU

Coordinates: 33°56′28″N 83°23′56″W / 33.94111°N 83.39889°W / 33.94111; -83.39889

Brian Carrigan (born September 26, 1979 in Glasgow) is a Scottish footballer who is currently on trial with junior outfit Ashfield.

Career[link]

Carrigan started his career with Clyde in 1996, he then moved down to England with Stockport County, but was sacked by the club^[1] for "persistent misconduct as a result of an alleged drink problem" in June 2001.

He joined Clydebank in June 2001; in January 2002 he went out on loan back to Clyde,^[2] but this was terminated in March due to his recurring drink problems.^[3]

He spent a season at Raith Rovers between 2002 and 2003.

He then joined Hamilton Academical^[4] in May 2003, but was allowed to leave for junior side Linlithgow Rose^[5] in the summer of 2006.

He re-joined Hamilton Accies again on 7 August 2008^[6] after a spell in junior football with Linlithgow Rose. However, Carrigan left Hamilton in November of the same year, having never made an appearance for the club. He returned to Linlithgow.^[7]

Carrigan's second spell at Linlithgow was a short one and he joined Alloa Athletic in January 2009 on loan until the end of the season. In the summer of 2009 he signed a permanent contract with Alloa. In January 2010 Carrigan was placed on the transfer list by Alloa. As of August 2010 Carrigan moved back to junior ranks with Bo'ness United.

On 26 September 2010 Brian Carrigan join Glenafton Athletic, and scored on his début.^[8] After being released by Glens, Carrigan went on trial with Ashfield.^[9]

Honours[link]

Clyde[link]

• Scottish Second Division: 1

1999-2000

Linlithgow Rose[link]

• Scottish Junior Cup: 1

2006-07

• Scottish Junior Football East Region Super League: 1

2006-07

References[link]

External links[link]

• Brian Carrigan career stats at Soccerbase

For the drummer Steve Earle, see Afghan Whigs

Steve Earle
Earle performing in 2007 at the Midlands Music Festival in Westmeath, Ireland
Background information
Birth name	Stephen Fain Earle
Born	(1955-01-17) January 17, 1955 (age 57) Hampton, Virginia United States
Origin	San Antonio, Texas, United States
Genres	Country, rock and roll, folk
Occupations	Musician, Singer-songwriter, Author, Playwright
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, mandolin, harmonica, banjo, bouzouki, bass
Labels	Uni. MCA Nashville, New West, E² Records, Warner Bros.
Associated acts	Allison Moorer, Justin Townes Earle, Guy Clark, Townes Van Zandt, Buddy Miller, Joan Baez, Del McCoury Band, Lucinda Williams, Stacey Earle
Website	SteveEarle.com

Stephen Fain "Steve" Earle ( /ˈɜrl/; born January 17, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter known for his rock, folk and Texas Country as well as his political views. He is also a producer, author, a political activist, and an actor, and has written and directed a play.

Personal life[link]

Earle was born on January 17, 1955, at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. He is the eldest son of Jack Earle, an air traffic controller, and Barbara Earle. Although he was born in Virginia where his father was stationed in the military, the family returned to Texas before Earle's second birthday. His ancestry is Irish Catholic on his mother's side and Scots-Irish on his father's side.^[1] They moved often during his childhood, primarily within Texas, but spent several of his formative years in and around San Antonio, Texas including East Terrell Hills, Converse, and Schertz.^[2] He dropped out of school in the 9th grade to move to Houston and learn more about the music business. Earle released his first album, Guitar Town, in 1986. His sister, Stacey Earle, is also a musician, having toured with her brother in the 1990s and sung on the song "When I Fall" on Earle's 2000 album, Transcendental Blues.

Earle has been married seven times, including twice to the same woman.^[3] His wives were Sandra "Sandy" Henderson, Cynthia Dunn, Carol-Ann Hunter (with whom he had his first child, Justin), Lou-Anne Gill (with whom he had a second son, Ian and a stepdaughter, Amy), Maria Teresa Ensenat, Lou-Anne Gill a second time, and finally, in 2005, singer-songwriter Allison Moorer. His first son, Justin Townes Earle, is also a musician, and is named for Townes Van Zandt. Earle and Moorer had their first child together, John Henry Earle, on April 5, 2010.^[4]

Career[link]

Musical career[link]

In 1975, Earle moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he met Guy Clark and his wife Susanna. He appears in the 1975 film Heartworn Highways, which documents the songwriting scene in Nashville around Clark, including fellow Texas musicians Townes van Zandt and Rodney Crowell. Earle had already met Van Zandt in Texas, and refers to Clark and Van Zandt as his mentors and teachers. Clark was instrumental in Earle being hired as a songwriter by the Sunbury Dunbar publishing division of RCA. There he wrote songs for the likes of Carl Perkins, Johnny Lee, Vince Gill and Steve Wariner. His song "Mustang Wine" was due to be recorded by Elvis Presley in 1975, but Presley did not turn up for the recording session. The song was released as a single by Carl Perkins. He also wrote the Patty Loveless hit "A Little Bit in Love." Earle did backing vocals on "Desperados Waiting for a Train" (together with Emmylou Harris) on Clark's first album Old No. 1 and toured in Clark's band. In 1981 Earle achieved a top-ten cut with "When You Fall in Love," which was recorded by Johnny Lee. In 1985 one of his compositions "A Far Cry from You" was recorded by Connie Smith, who made the song a minor hit that year.

Earle's early work as a recorded performer was in the rockabilly style, and can be heard on his compilation album: Early Tracks. The album was recorded for Epic Records, but the company dropped Earle, only releasing the album in 1987 after he found success with MCA Nashville. Earle had to wait until 1986 before his first album, Guitar Town, was released by MCA. It was a critical success and was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The follow-up albums Exit 0 in 1987 and the certified-gold Copperhead Road, 1988, built on this success. With Copperhead Road, Earle moved to MCA Los Angeles and drew increasingly on Rock and roll influences.

Earle had been a substance abuser since an early age and was addicted to heroin for many years. By the time of his 1990 album The Hard Way, it started to become clear that the drugs were seriously affecting him. By 1992, due to his drug problem, he had discontinued performing and recording for two years, a period he refers to as his "vacation in the ghetto." He eventually ended up in jail on drug and firearms charges. Kicking the drug habit while in jail, Earle came out a new man and released two albums within 18 months of his release in late 1994. His comeback album, Train a Comin', was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 1996. Train a Comin' was a return to the country blues-influenced folk of Earle's early career and drew on his older catalog of unrecorded material.

Steve Earle and Allison Moorer at Bumbershoot, 2007

Earle's post-jail musical career is more diversified than his early work. He set up his own record label with producer and engineer Ray Kennedy, allowing him increasing artistic control. This has led to experimentation with a range of styles from country and bluegrass music to folk and hard rock music. He has maintained a strict work ethic. Several albums have been released since. Earle also tours often, playing over 200 shows per year. His concerts tend to be either solo acoustic shows or ensemble affairs with one of his two backing bands, the Dukes or the Bluegrass Dukes.

Earle is the subject of the documentary film Just an American Boy, directed by Amos Poe, which explores his political views as well as his music. The film was shot while Earle was touring in support of his 2002 release Jerusalem. In 2005, he caused consternation among his fans by allowing the song The Revolution Starts Now to be used by General Motors in a TV advertisement for pick-up trucks.^[5] In 2006, Earle contributed a cover of Randy Newman's song "Rednecks" to the tribute album Sail Away: The Songs of Randy Newman.^[6] Earle is also the subject of two biographies, Steve Earle: Fearless Heart, Outlaw Poet, by the noted New York-based music writer David McGee and Hardcore Troubadour: The Life and Near Death of Steve Earle by Lauren St. John.

In September 2007, Earle released his twelfth studio album, Washington Square Serenade,^[7] on New West Records. Earle recorded the album after relocating to New York City, and it was his first attempt at using digital audio workstation ProTools, as opposed to traditional analog recording techniques.^[8] The disc features wife Allison Moorer on "Days Aren't Long Enough" and "Down Here Below." The album includes Earle's version of Tom Waits' song "Way Down in the Hole" which is featured as the theme song for the fifth season of The Wire in which Earle himself appears as Walon. In 2008, Earle produced Joan Baez's album Day After Tomorrow.^[9] (Prior to their collaboration on Day After Tomorrow, Baez had covered two Earle songs, "Christmas in Washington" and "Jerusalem," on previous albums.) In the winter, he toured Europe and North America in support of Washington Square Serenade, performing half the set solo and the other half with a DJ.^[8] On May 12, 2009, Earle released a tribute album, Townes, on New West Records. The album contains 15 songs written by his late friend and musical mentor Townes Van Zandt. Guest artists appearing on the album include Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, Earle's wife Allison Moorer, and his son Justin Townes Earle.^[10] Both Washington Square Serenade and Townes also earned Grammy awards in the contemporary folk category.

Earle released his first novel and fourteenth studio album, both entitled I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive after a Hank Williams song, in the spring of 2011. The album was released on April 26, 2011 and was produced by T-Bone Burnett. Earle describes it as dealing with questions of mortality and having a "more country" sound than his earlier work. He plans a full band tour in support of the album in the summer of 2011.^[11]

Since his emergence as a performer, his songs have been covered by various well-known artists, including Joan Baez, The Pretenders, The Proclaimers, Eddi Reader, The Highwaymen, Waylon Jennings, Levon Helm, Emmylou Harris, Percy Sledge and Johnny Cash.^[12] Travis Tritt had a #7 country hit in 1995 with Earle's "Sometimes She Forgets."

Writing career[link]

In addition to music, Earle has written a collection of short stories called Doghouse Roses, several of which draw on his personal experiences as a musician and addict. The book was published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in June 2001. Earle has also written poetry and wrote and produced a play about the death penalty entitled Karla. The play was produced off-Broadway and focuses on the death of Karla Faye Tucker, who was the first woman excuted by the state of Texas since the death penalty was reinstated.

Earle's first novel, entitled I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive after a Hank Williams song, was published the spring of 2011. The novel is set in San Antonio in 1963, and tells the story of a defrocked doctor and morphine addict. The doctor makes a living by performing illegal abortions and is haunted by the ghost of Hank Williams, with whom he was traveling when Williams died of an overdose.^[11] The novel is published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt1.^[13]

Acting career[link]

Earle portrayed a recovering drug addict named Walon in several episodes of the HBO television series The Wire, created by David Simon.^[14] He appears first in season one where he addresses a 12-step-type meeting with an account of how he lost everything to addiction: "I pawned my pickup, my bike, and my National steel guitar, a stamp collection that my granddad left me; lost a good wife, a bad girlfriend, and the respect of anyone who ever lent me money." His story affects Bubbles and appears to spur him towards recovery. After season one, Walon does not return until Bubbles hits rock-bottom hard in the season four finale. Picking up the thread, he then appears throughout season five as sponsor, as Bubbles attempts to overcome his heroin addiction and its consequences. Earle's song "I Feel Alright" is used in a montage to close out season two. He also performs the opening theme of the fifth season, performing "Way Down in the Hole," a song written by Tom Waits.

Earle also played a supporting role as a drug dealer in Tim Blake Nelson's 2009 movie Leaves of Grass, starring Edward Norton. He also played a musician in the HBO series Treme, set in post-Katrina New Orleans. Earle's song "This City" can be heard over the closing credits of the first season finale. He was also one of several musicians who sang a mock charity appeal in the final episode of Season 3 of 30 Rock.

Radio shows[link]

Earle's radio show on Air America began in August 2004 and last aired on June 10, 2007, and that was a rebroadcast of a past episode.^[15] Shortly thereafter, he started DJing on a show on Sirius Satellite Radio called Hardcore Troubadour on their Outlaw Country channel.^[16]

Political views[link]

Earle performing in front of the United States Supreme Court on July 1st 2003

Since early in his career, Earle has been involved in a number of political causes. In his first public performances, Earle was unable to play in bars due to his age and took to playing in coffeehouses alongside anti-Vietnam War campaigners. These experiences had a strong effect on him, evidenced by his opposition to the Iraq War. He is also a regular participant in the "Concerts for a Landmine Free World," benefiting the Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation.

Earle's mother took part in anti-death penalty vigils, a cause that has been taken up by Earle. He has worked to abolish the death penalty and has recorded several songs about this cause, including "Billy Austin," "Over Yonder (Jonathan's Song)" and "Ellis Unit One" for the 1995 film Dead Man Walking. Ellis Unit, located in Huntsville, Texas, previously housed the Texas male death row convicts, until it was moved to Polunsky Unit near Livingston, Texas. He exchanged letters with a prisoner on death row named Jonathan Wayne Nobles, the subject of "Over Yonder", and, at the request of Nobles, attended his execution in 1998.^[17] In 2010 Earle was awarded the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty's Shining Star of Abolition award.^[18]

In the early 2000s Earle's music was more explicitly political. His 2002 album, Jerusalem, was largely inspired by the US-led War on Terrorism. This album featured "John Walker's Blues," which was about the captured American Taliban fighter John Walker Lindh. Many accused Earle of sympathizing with terrorists as the song was written from Lindh's perspective. Earle responded that he was simply empathizing with Lindh and attempting to understand his motivation through song rather than glorifying or forgiving terrorism. He said that, as a parent, he was moved by pictures of Lindh bound to a stretcher. "For some reason when I saw him on TV, I related it to my son. That skinny and that age, exactly. I thought, he's got parents somewhere, and they must be sick.^[19] "

His 2004 album, The Revolution Starts Now, which features several songs relating to the Iraq War, was deliberately released to coincide with the run-up to the 2004 US presidential election, with the aim of encouraging votes for John Kerry.^[20] The song "The Revolution Starts Now" was used in the promotion of Michael Moore's anti-war documentary film Fahrenheit 9/11 and appears on the album Songs and Artists That Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11, the songs for which were selected by Moore. The song also opened Earle's weekly Sunday-night show on Air America Radio. He appears in the 2008 political documentary Slacker Uprising.

While Earle's work subsequent to The Revolution Starts Now is less explicitly political, he continues to support activist causes and his albums and stage banter include political references. During the second half of his 2011 tour with The Dukes and Duchesses featuring Allison Moorer, the drum kit was adorned with the slogan "we are the 99%" a clear reference to the occupy movement which began in September that year.

Discography[link]

Use in media[link]

Steve Earle's songs have appeared in many major motion pictures and television as writer and performer.

As performer and writer[link]

• The Beverly Hillbillies (1993) ("Honey Don't")
• Dead Man Walking (1995) ("Ellis Unit One")
• The Horse Whisperer (1998) ("Me and the Eagle")
• Pay It Forward (2000) ("Open Your Window")
• You Can Count on Me (2000) ("I'm Still In Love With You", "Harlan Man", "Texas Eagle", "The Mountain", "Pilgrim")
• The Pledge (2001) ("The Other Side of Town")
• Last Party 2000 (also known as The Party's Over (2001) ("Over Yonder (Jonathan's Song)")
• Big Bad Love (2001) ("Goodbye")
• The Rookie (2002) ("Some Dreams")
• Stevie (2002) ("I Ain't Ever Satisfied")
• The Wire (2004) ("I Feel Alright"), ("Down in the Hole" as performer only, written by Tom Waits)
• Silver City (2004) ("Amerika v. 6.0")
• Brokeback Mountain (2005) ("Devil's Right Hand")
• Talladega Nights (2006) ("Valentine's Day", "Hard-Core Troubadour", "I Feel Alright")
• The Guardian (2006) ("Home To Houston")
• Bridge to Terabithia (2007) ("Someday")
• The Christmas Miracle of Jonathan Toomey (2007) ("Nothing But A Child")
• Friday Night Lights (Tv Series) (2009) ("Hard-core Troubadour")
• Leaves of Grass (2009) ("Lonely Are the Free")
• Treme (2010) ("This City")
• Moonshiners (2011) ("Copperhead Road")

As writer[link]

• Sgt. Bilko (1996) ("Sometimes She Forgets")
• G.I. Jane (1997) ("Goodbye")
• P.S. I Love You (2007) ("The Galway Girl")

Awards[link]

• Steve Earle has received a total of fourteen nominations for Grammy Awards and won three.

2012 Nominated "Best Folk Album" for I’ll Never Get Out of this World Alive.

2010 Won "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for Townes.

2008 Won "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for Washington Square Serenade.

2005 Won "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for The Revolution Starts...Now.

2005 Nominated “Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance” for The Revolution Starts...Now.

2003 Nominated "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for Jerusalem.

2001 Nominated "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for Transcendental Blues.

2000 Nominated "Best Bluegrass Album" for The Mountain with the Del McCoury Band.

1999 Nominated "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for El Corazón.

1996 Nominated "Best Contemporary Folk Album" for Train A Comin'. (Lost in 1996 to Lucinda Williams' Car Wheels On A Gravel Road, which Earle co-produced.)

1988 Nominated "Best Country Male Vocalist" for Exit 0.

1988 Nominated "Best Country Song" for “Nowhere Road”.

1987 Nominated "Best Country Male Vocalist" for Guitar Town.

1987 Nominated "Best Country Song" for “Guitar Town”.

• He was named Country Artist of the Year for 1986 by Rolling Stone magazine.
• In 2004, he was given a Lifetime Achievement Award for songwriting by the UK's BBC Radio 2.
• In July 2010, Earle was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Music and Lyrics category, for the song "This City," which was written for the television series Tremé.
• On May 13, 2011, Earle was granted an honorary degree from the City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law.

Collaborations[link]

• Recorded and performed "Johnny Come Lately" with The Pogues.
• Performed a duet with Iris DeMent on "I'm Still In Love With You".
• Co-wrote the Jason & the Scorchers song "A Bible & A Gun".
• Sang on Jason Ringenberg's re-recording of "A Bible & A Gun" (2002).
• Worked with the Supersuckers, recording their song "Creepy Jackalope Eye" and his song "NYC" (1996).
• Released split single of the Rolling Stones song "Before They Make Me Run" with the Supersuckers (1997).
• Sang backup vocals and played the harmonica on the Indigo Girls song "Shame on You", on their album Shaming of the Sun (1997).
• Recorded "The Galway Girl" and "Dominick Street" with Sharon Shannon and The Woodchoppers.
• Recorded covers of Alejandro Escovedo's "Paradise" and Warren Zevon's "Reconsider Me" with Reckless Kelly, for Escovedo and Zevon tribute albums.
• Collaborated with the Del McCoury Band on The Mountain (1999).
• Performed a duet with Lucinda Williams on "You're Still Standin' There".
• Performed a duet with Chris Hillman on "High Fashion Queen" for the Gram Parsons tribute album Return of the Grievous Angel: A Tribute to Gram Parsons.
• Performed a duet with Siobhan Maher Kennedy on "Poison Lovers".
• Performed a duet with Emmylou Harris on "Comin' Around", "Goodbye", and "I Remember You".
• Performed a duet with Stacey Earle on "When I Fall".
• Played guitar and sang backup on Emmylou Harris's version of "Goodbye" (from her Wrecking Ball album.)
• Co-wrote "Go Amanda" with Sheryl Crow (on Jerusalem).
• Sang with Sheryl Crow on his cover of "Time Has Come Today" on Sidetracks.
• Covered the Son Volt classic "Windfall"
• Played banjo on Patti Smith's cover of Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit".
• Produces and collaborates on Joan Baez's album Day After Tomorrow.
• Performed a duet with Jill Sobule on her song "Love is Never Equal"
• Covered NRBQ's "A Girl Like That" on the NRBQ tribute album The Q People (2004).
• Performed with Allison Moorer on the song "After The Fire Is Gone" from Coal Miner's Daughter: A Tribute To Loretta Lynn (2010).

Sources[link]

• McGee, David. Steve Earle: Fearless Heart, Outlaw Poet, Backbeat, 2005.
• Schone, Mark. (1998). "Steve Earle." In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 160–1.
• St John, Lauren. Hardcore Troubadour: The Life and Near Death of Steve Earle, Fourth Estate, 2002 ISBN 1-84115-611-6

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Steve Earle

• Steve Earle Official website
• "Death in Texas" Article By Earle On Witnessing The Execution Of A Friend
• Just an American Boy
• Interview with Steve Earle
• Features, CD and concert reviews with Steve Earle at Country Standard Time
• GM commercial featuring The Revolution Starts Now
• Steve Earle to Release Townes Van Zandt Tribute Album
• Freeing a Mentor From His Mythology
• Steve Earle Lays it Down

Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa
President of the Venezuelan Senate
In office 1962–1967
President	Rómulo Betancourt Raúl Leoni
Personal details
Born	1902 La Asunción, Nueva Esparta
Died	1993
Nationality	Venezuelan
Political party	Democratic Action, People's Electoral Movement
Profession	politician

Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa (14 March 1902 – 22 April 1993), was a Venezuelan politician. A founder of Democratic Action and Minister of Education in its first government (1947–1948), he was a leader of Democratic Action after the restoration of democracy in 1958. He split from Democratic Action in 1967 when it tried to prevent his victory in district-level primary elections for the 1968 presidential race translating into Prieto Figueroa winning the nomination. He and a substantial group of supporters split from AD and founded the People's Electoral Movement, which he led until his death.^[1]

Career[link]

After completing a doctorate in political and social sciences at the Central University of Venezuela (1934),^[1] he became engaged in politics, and was a senator from 1936 to 1941.^[1] He was a founding member of party Acción Democrática (AD, Democratic Action), and Minister of Education under Rómulo Gallegos (1947-8).^[1] After the 1948 coup he went into exile, working for UNESCO in Costa Rica and Honduras (1951-8), after a professorship at the University of Havana (1950-1).^[1] Returning from exile after the end of the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958, he was again elected senator (1959–1969).^[1] During this time he was Secretary General of AD (1958-9), President of the Venezuelan Senate from 1962 to 1967, and President of AD (1963–67).^[1]

In 1967 Prieto Figueroa campaigned to be the party's presidential candidate for the Venezuelan presidential election, 1968; a Democratic Action convention was to be held in September 1967 which would choose the candidate. Previous practice had been for convention members to be chosen by a process where local party committees chose representatives for state conventions, and these chose state representatives for the national convention.^[2] However in spring 1967 the party decided to hold primary elections at local level, with district representatives to district conventions elected by the mass membership instead of party committees.^[2] The Romulo Betancourt faction supported Gonzalo Barrios, considering Prieto too far left,^[3] but Prieto won between 65 and 75% of the local primaries. In response the national party began selectively holding district conventions in areas expected to yield pro-Barrios delegates; but these too came out for Prieto, "and made his victory at the national convention virtually inevitable. The only way the [Barrios faction could win] was to play dirty in the rest of the nomination process, and it was these tactics that provoked the split."^[4] Prieto Figueroa split from AD over the affair along with a substantial number of his supporters, founding the People's Electoral Movement.^[3] As its candidate in the 1968 election he gained nearly 20% of the vote, coming fourth in a close election (COPEI's Rafael Caldera won with 29%). However Prieto's subsequent electoral run, in the Venezuelan presidential election, 1978 (the party endorsed Jesús Ángel Paz Galarraga in 1973), achieved only just over 1%.

Books[link]

• Las ideas no se degüellan (1980)
• Pido la palabra (1982)
• Mi hermana María Secundina y otras escrituras (1984)

References[link]

La magia de los libros - Written while living in Costa Rica when he was exiled from Venezuela in 1952/53

External links[link]

• (Spanish) Biography at Venezuelatuya.com