- published: 03 Oct 2011
- views: 172
- author: Nikhil Shirgaonkar
2:28
Reason for 2007-2010 global financial crisis
A simple explanation of the global financial crisis of 2007-2010....
published: 03 Oct 2011
author: Nikhil Shirgaonkar
Reason for 2007-2010 global financial crisis
Reason for 2007-2010 global financial crisis
A simple explanation of the global financial crisis of 2007-2010.- published: 03 Oct 2011
- views: 172
- author: Nikhil Shirgaonkar
1:44
International Financial Crisis: 2007-2010: Tipping Points: By Dr Philip Gordon PhD
BREAKING NEWS: Banks Fined $1.9 Billion by Regulators for Rigging Lending Rates (and 30 mo...
published: 06 May 2013
author: BlueMatrixCatalog
International Financial Crisis: 2007-2010: Tipping Points: By Dr Philip Gordon PhD
International Financial Crisis: 2007-2010: Tipping Points: By Dr Philip Gordon PhD
BREAKING NEWS: Banks Fined $1.9 Billion by Regulators for Rigging Lending Rates (and 30 more being investigated.) UBS: Switzerland's biggest bank, and Barcla...- published: 06 May 2013
- views: 26
- author: BlueMatrixCatalog
57:44
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World - Financial Crisis (2009)
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World is a 2009 nonfiction book about events l...
published: 06 Nov 2013
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World - Financial Crisis (2009)
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World - Financial Crisis (2009)
Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World is a 2009 nonfiction book about events leading up to and culminating in the Great Depression as told through the personal histories of the heads of the Central Banks of the world's four major economies at the time: Benjamin Strong Jr. of the New York Federal Reserve, Montagu Norman of the Bank of England, Émile Moreau of the Banque de France, and Hjalmar Schacht of the Reichsbank. The book was generally well received by critics, and won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for History. Because the book was published during the midst of the financial crisis of 2007--2010, the book subject matter was seen as very relevant to current financial events. The book discusses the personal histories of the four heads of the Central Banks of the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany and their efforts to steer the world economy from the period during the First World War until the Great Depression. The book also discusses at length the career of the British economist John Maynard Keynes who criticized many of the policies of the heads of the Central Banks during this time. One of the main themes of the book is the role played by the central bankers' insistence to adhere to the gold standard "even in the face of total catastrophe."[1] As Joe Nocera, a book reviewer at the New York Times, stated, "the central bankers were prisoners of the economic orthodoxy of their time: the powerful belief that sound monetary policy had to revolve around the gold standard...Again and again, this straitjacket caused the central bankers — especially Norman, gold's most fervent advocate — to make moves, like raising interest rates, that would allow their countries to hold on to their dwindling gold supplies, even though the larger economy desperately needed help in the form of lower interest rates."[2] Another theme that runs through the book is how difficult it was to forecast the financial future and how the events would influence world events. "Mr. Ahamed's opinions are made very clear (the Paris Peace Conference's plan for Germany to pay war reparations is presented as a great blunder), but his overriding idea is that blame cannot be easily assigned: not even the most sophisticated economists of the era could accurately predict disaster, let alone guard against it. The effects of a public herd mentality at the time of the 1929 stock market crash are depicted, all too recognizably, as unstoppable."[3] Liaquat Ahamed, a hedge fund manager and Brookings Institution trustee, first got the idea to write the book when he read the 1999 Time story "The Committee to Save the World," which discussed Alan Greenspan (then the Federal Reserve chairman), Robert Rubin (Bill Clinton's Treasury Secretary) and Lawrence Summers (Rubin's No. 2).[2] Ahamed realized that a similar story could be told in the 1920s about the heads of the four central banks, who had acquired a similar mystique and fame regarding their economic acumen. The book was awarded the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for History,[4] the 2010 Spear's Book Award (Financial History Book of the Year), the 2010 Arthur Ross Book Award Gold Medal, the 2009 Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award. For 2009 it was recognized as one of Time magazine's "Best Books of the Year", New York Times "Best Books of the Year" and Amazon.com's "Best Books of the Year". It was shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize. Joe Nocera at the New York Times called the book "[a] grand, sweeping narrative of immense scope and power, the book describes a world that long ago receded from memory."[2] He also stated that "[b]ecause much of the book concerns decisions...to raise or lower interest rates, you need great characters to pull the story along, and Ahamed not only has them but also knows how to make them come alive."[2] Robert Peston at the Sunday Times stated that Liaquat Ahamed "provides a compelling and convincing narrative of bungling, tortured bankers vainly trying to reconcile their conflicting duties to their countries and to the global economy. The strength of his book is in humanising the world's descent into economic chaos. The quartet were dealt an unwinnable hand, in the unsustainable burden of debt heaped on Germany after the first world war in the form of reparations, and the corresponding amounts owed to the US by Britain and France. But these central bankers made serious mistakes." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lords_of_Finance- published: 06 Nov 2013
- views: 287
44:58
Meltdown (pt 1-4) The Secret History of the Global Financial Collapse 2010
Great documentary explaining the FINANCIAL MELTDOWN....
published: 13 Jan 2011
author: GrassyKnollTrolls
Meltdown (pt 1-4) The Secret History of the Global Financial Collapse 2010
Meltdown (pt 1-4) The Secret History of the Global Financial Collapse 2010
Great documentary explaining the FINANCIAL MELTDOWN.- published: 13 Jan 2011
- views: 234694
- author: GrassyKnollTrolls
88:01
Financial crisis of 2007--08 - Wiki Article
The financial crisis of 2007--2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 fin...
published: 20 May 2013
author: wikispeak10
Financial crisis of 2007--08 - Wiki Article
Financial crisis of 2007--08 - Wiki Article
The financial crisis of 2007--2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to be the worst fin...- published: 20 May 2013
- views: 61
- author: wikispeak10
14:49
Excel Finance Class 01: Intro To Excel 2007 & 2010
Download Excel workbook http://people.highline.edu/mgirvin/ExcelIsFun.htm Learn the basics...
published: 16 Sep 2010
author: ExcelIsFun
Excel Finance Class 01: Intro To Excel 2007 & 2010
Excel Finance Class 01: Intro To Excel 2007 & 2010
Download Excel workbook http://people.highline.edu/mgirvin/ExcelIsFun.htm Learn the basics about how Excel is set up, Ribbons and the Quick Access toolbar fo...- published: 16 Sep 2010
- views: 46799
- author: ExcelIsFun
142:04
Warren Buffett on the Financial & Housing Crisis and Credit Rating Agencies (2010)
A credit rating agency (CRA) is a company that assigns credit ratings for issuers of certa...
published: 11 Jun 2013
author: The Film Archives
Warren Buffett on the Financial & Housing Crisis and Credit Rating Agencies (2010)
Warren Buffett on the Financial & Housing Crisis and Credit Rating Agencies (2010)
A credit rating agency (CRA) is a company that assigns credit ratings for issuers of certain types of debt obligations as well as the debt instruments themse...- published: 11 Jun 2013
- views: 1127
- author: The Film Archives
51:56
How to Make a Billion Dollars in a Year: Wall Street, Stocks, Mortgages, and Financial Crisis (2010)
In 2005, Paulson became concerned about weak credit underwriting standards, excessive leve...
published: 30 Aug 2013
How to Make a Billion Dollars in a Year: Wall Street, Stocks, Mortgages, and Financial Crisis (2010)
How to Make a Billion Dollars in a Year: Wall Street, Stocks, Mortgages, and Financial Crisis (2010)
In 2005, Paulson became concerned about weak credit underwriting standards, excessive leverage among financial institutions and a fundamental mispricing of credit risk. To protect its investors against the risk in the financial markets, Paulson purchased protection through credit default swaps on debt securities they thought would decline in value due to weak credit underwriting. As credit spreads widened and the value of these securities fell, Paulson realized substantial gains for investors and is reported to have earned $15 billion with $12.5 billion in assets under management in 2007. In December 2009, the New York Times reported that Paulson had profited during the financial crisis of 2007 by betting against synthetic collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). On April 19, 2010, the Wall Street Journal reported that Paulson employee Paolo Pellegrini was the point man in Paulson's investment in subprime mortgages. In 2008, Paulson believed that credit problems would expand beyond subprime mortgages to include areas of consumer, auto, commercial and corporate credit, and that the rising credit costs would continue to stress financial institutions causing spreads to widen and causing certain institutions to fail. This bearish outlook on the credit markets led them to take short positions in some large financial institutions in the US and the UK with high degrees of leverage, high concentrations of assets in deteriorating sectors and rising credit costs. Sectors include mortgage finance companies, specialty finance companies and regional, national, and global banks. In September 2008, Paulson bet against four of the five biggest British banks including a £350m bet against Barclays; £292m against Royal Bank of Scotland; and £260m against Lloyds TSB. Paulson is reported to have earned a total of £280m after reducing its short position in RBS in January 2009. To help protect these bets, PCI and others successfully prevented attempts to limit foreclosures and rework mortgage loans. Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in the fall of 2008 and the subsequent turmoil in the markets, Paulson launched a fund at the end of 2008 dedicated to restructuring and/or recapitalizing companies such as investment banks and other hedge funds currently feeling the pressure of the more than $345 billion of write downs resulting from under-performing assets linked to the housing market. By providing capital to companies at trough valuations, thus enabling them to survive beyond the crisis, Paulson believed there would be considerable upside potential through a subsequent recovery in the equity of these companies. Companies in the fund that benefited from such recapitalizations were largely concentrated in the financial, insurance and hotel sectors. Amongst some of the holdings disclosed in Paulson's June 30, 2009 13F filings were 2 million shares of Goldman Sachs as well as 35 million shares in Regions Financial Paulson also purchased shares of Bank of America in the spring of 2009 when the bank was forced to recapitalize its balance sheet following the results of the bank stress tests conducted by the US government, and was reported to have a 1.22% stake in the bank in 2011. According to certain sources, Paulson purchased the shares expecting the stock to double by 2011. After the 2008 Stock Market crash, Paulson's investment in Citigroup reportedly generated $1 billion from the original investment in 2009 through the end of 2010, called by reporters the "Betting on Citigroup". Mr. Paulson stated that the investment in Citigroup "demonstrates the upside potential of many of the restructuring investments we have added to our porfolio and our ability to generate above-average returns in large positions" In November 2009 Paulson announced a gold fund focused on gold mining stocks and gold-related investments. Paulson believed that the massive amount of balance sheet expansion through monetary stimulus undertaken by the Federal Reserve and other central banks would eventually lead to inflation in the US dollar and other fiat currencies. In such an environment, gold would become the alternative currency of choice for investors globally, causing the value of gold to increase significantly. Paulson also has a long track record of investing in distressed debt, bankruptcies and restructurings. The 2008-2009 financial crisis resulted in a record high level of defaults and bankruptcies across numerous industries, and Paulson was a large investor in many of the largest and most prominent ones, including the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and liquidation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulson_%26_Co.- published: 30 Aug 2013
- views: 28
11:10
The Crisis of Credit Visualized - HD
The Short and Simple Story of the Credit Crisis -- The Full Version By Jonathan Jarvis. Cr...
published: 23 Jan 2011
author: graphixmdp
The Crisis of Credit Visualized - HD
The Crisis of Credit Visualized - HD
The Short and Simple Story of the Credit Crisis -- The Full Version By Jonathan Jarvis. Crisisofcredit.com The goal of giving form to a complex situation lik...- published: 23 Jan 2011
- views: 636067
- author: graphixmdp
25:06
Pablo Iglesias-Rodríguez EUI Civil Society Stakeholders and Financial Regulation (...)
...
published: 11 Dec 2012
author: EUDObservatory
Pablo Iglesias-Rodríguez EUI Civil Society Stakeholders and Financial Regulation (...)
Pablo Iglesias-Rodríguez EUI Civil Society Stakeholders and Financial Regulation (...)
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 47
- author: EUDObservatory
87:12
"The Financial Crisis of 2007-09" Panel: Williams College CDE 10.14.10
Panel features (in order of speaking): Gerard Caprio '72 -- Professor of Economics at Will...
published: 22 Nov 2010
author: WilliamsCollege
"The Financial Crisis of 2007-09" Panel: Williams College CDE 10.14.10
"The Financial Crisis of 2007-09" Panel: Williams College CDE 10.14.10
Panel features (in order of speaking): Gerard Caprio '72 -- Professor of Economics at Williams College and Chair of CDE, Mauricio Yepez CDE '82 -- former Min...- published: 22 Nov 2010
- views: 249
- author: WilliamsCollege
4:31
Are Banks Too Big to Fail? Warren Buffett on the Cause of the Financial Crisis & Glass-Steagall
The United States housing bubble is an economic bubble affecting many parts of the United ...
published: 13 Nov 2013
Are Banks Too Big to Fail? Warren Buffett on the Cause of the Financial Crisis & Glass-Steagall
Are Banks Too Big to Fail? Warren Buffett on the Cause of the Financial Crisis & Glass-Steagall
The United States housing bubble is an economic bubble affecting many parts of the United States housing market in over half of American states. Housing prices peaked in early 2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007, and reached new lows in 2012. On December 30, 2008 the Case-Shiller home price index reported its largest price drop in its history. The credit crisis resulting from the bursting of the housing bubble is — according to general consensus — the primary cause of the 2007--2009 recession in the United States. Increased foreclosure rates in 2006--2007 among U.S. homeowners led to a crisis in August 2008 for the subprime, Alt-A, collateralized debt obligation (CDO), mortgage, credit, hedge fund, and foreign bank markets. In October 2007, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury called the bursting housing bubble "the most significant risk to our economy." Any collapse of the U.S. Housing Bubble has a direct impact not only on home valuations, but the nation's mortgage markets, home builders, real estate, home supply retail outlets, Wall Street hedge funds held by large institutional investors, and foreign banks, increasing the risk of a nationwide recession. Concerns about the impact of the collapsing housing and credit markets on the larger U.S. economy caused President George W. Bush and the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke to announce a limited bailout of the U.S. housing market for homeowners who were unable to pay their mortgage debts. In 2008 alone, the United States government allocated over $900 billion to special loans and rescues related to the US housing bubble, with over half going to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (both of which are government-sponsored enterprises) as well as the Federal Housing Administration (which is a United States Government agency). On December 24, 2009, the Treasury Department made an unprecedented announcement that it would be providing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac unlimited financial support for the next three years despite acknowledging losses in excess of $400 billion so far. The Treasury has been criticized for encroaching on spending powers that are enumerated for Congress alone by the US constitution, and for violating limits imposed by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble The "too big to fail" theory asserts that certain financial institutions are so large and so interconnected that their failure would be disastrous to the economy, and they therefore must be supported by government when they face difficulty. The colloquial term "too big to fail" was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing, discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's intervention with Continental Illinois.[1] The term had previously been used occasionally in the press.[2] Proponents of this theory believe that some institutions are so important that they should become recipients of beneficial financial and economic policies from governments or central banks.[3] Some economists such as Paul Krugman hold that economies of scale in banks and in other businesses are worth preserving, so long as they are well regulated in proportion to their economic clout, and therefore that "too big to fail" status can be acceptable. The global economic system must also deal with sovereign states being too big to fail.[4][5][6][7] Opponents believe that one of the problems that arises is moral hazard whereby a company that benefits from these protective policies will seek to profit by it, deliberately taking positions (see Asset allocation) that are high-risk high-return, as they are able to leverage these risks based on the policy preference they receive.[8] The term has emerged as prominent in public discourse since the 2007--2010 global financial crisis.[9] Critics see the policy as counterproductive and that large banks or other institutions should be left to fail if their risk management is not effective.[10][11] Some critics, such as Alan Greenspan, believe that such large organisations should be deliberately broken up: "If they're too big to fail, they're too big".[12] More than fifty prominent economists, financial experts, bankers, finance industry groups, and banks themselves have called for breaking up large banks into smaller institutions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_big_to_fail- published: 13 Nov 2013
- views: 0
8:45
Anastasia Nesvetailova CERIS Global Financial Crisis Economic International Relations
CERIS Interview Anastasia Nesvetailova: Global Financial Crisis: Why does it happen again ...
published: 08 Nov 2011
author: eLearningCERIS
Anastasia Nesvetailova CERIS Global Financial Crisis Economic International Relations
Anastasia Nesvetailova CERIS Global Financial Crisis Economic International Relations
CERIS Interview Anastasia Nesvetailova: Global Financial Crisis: Why does it happen again & again ? Professor Anastasia Nesvetailova is a research specialist...- published: 08 Nov 2011
- views: 2119
- author: eLearningCERIS
57:54
Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations: World Bank (2004)
Sebastian Mallaby (1964) is a British-born journalist and author; and director of the Maur...
published: 05 Sep 2013
Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations: World Bank (2004)
Failed States, Financial Crises, and the Wealth and Poverty of Nations: World Bank (2004)
Sebastian Mallaby (1964) is a British-born journalist and author; and director of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies (CGS) and Paul A. Volcker senior fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). He is a contributing editor for the Financial Times and was a columnist and editorial board member at the Washington Post. In addition to a monthly column for the Financial Times, his recent writing has been published in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and the Atlantic Monthly. In 2012 he published a Foreign Affairs essay on the future of China's currency. His books include More Money Than God (2010) and The World's Banker (2004). Sebastian Mallaby is the son of Sir Christopher Mallaby, who was Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Germany (1988-1993) and Ambassador of the United Kingdom to France (1993-1996). He was educated at Eton College, won an academic scholarship to Oxford University, and graduated in 1986 with a First Class degree in modern history. His interests include financial markets, the implications of the rise of newly emerging powers, and the intersection of economics and international relations. Mallaby worked at the Washington Post from 1999 to 2007 as a columnist and member of the editorial board. Prior to that he spent thirteen years with The Economist, in London, where he wrote about foreign policy and international finance. He also spent time in Africa, where he covered Nelson Mandela's release and the collapse of apartheid; and in Japan, where he covered the breakdown of the country's political and economic consensus during the 90s. Between 1997 and 1999 Mallaby was the Economist's Washington bureau chief and wrote the magazine's weekly "Lexington" column on American politics and foreign policy. His 2002 Foreign Affairs essay "The Reluctant Imperialist" about failed states was cited by commentators in the New York Times, Financial Times, and Time magazine. Mallaby is a two-time Pulitzer Prize finalist: in 2005 for editorials on Darfur and in 2007 for a series on economic inequality in America. Mallaby's latest book is More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite (2010). Washington Post columnist Steve Pearlstein called it "the definitive history of the hedge fund industry, a compelling narrative full of larger-than-life characters and dramatic tales of their financial triumphs and reversals." It was the recipient of the 2011 Gerald Loeb Award, a finalist in the 2010 Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award, and a 2010 New York Times bestseller. Mallaby's previous books are The World's Banker (2004), a portrait of the World Bank under James Wolfensohn; and After Apartheid (1992), which was a New York Times Notable Book. An essay in the Financial Times said of The World's Banker, "Mallaby's book may well be the most hilarious depiction of a big organization and its controversial boss since Michael Lewis's, Liar's Poker. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Mallaby- published: 05 Sep 2013
- views: 74
Youtube results:
72:24
The 2008 Financial Crisis: A Behavioral Finance Approach
The 2007-08 Financial Crisis: A Behavioral Finance Approach by Isabelle Bajeux-Besnainou. ...
published: 16 Nov 2013
The 2008 Financial Crisis: A Behavioral Finance Approach
The 2008 Financial Crisis: A Behavioral Finance Approach
The 2007-08 Financial Crisis: A Behavioral Finance Approach by Isabelle Bajeux-Besnainou. The 2008 Financial Crisis A Behavioral Finance Approach How to earn money in Forex, forex trend, forex factory, forex traders, forex... Franklin Templeton Investments presents - Behavioral Finance for Everyday Investors: Herding Learn more: Professor Gulnur Muradoglu argues behavioural finance can shed new light on what caused the crisis and explains how it can help to prevent a meltdown in the ... This session features common problematic financial behaviors that arise in the remedial financial counseling setting, illustrated and analyzed through the cr... Behavioral Finance: Understanding Banking Crisis References: Understanding Financial Crisis, Allen and Gale. Hersh Shefrin explains the key benefits of attending the Behavioral Finance program at the Amsterdam Institute of Finance (AIF). For more information, please... Channel Financial: Behavioral Finance is the intersection where human psychology and finance meet. Join the full course on SyMynd.com Investing is not as difficult as you think; we will show you how. Speculating and tradi... The financial quiz was developed by Meir Statman, a behavioral finance expert at Santa Clara University, and Vincent Wood, president of AdvisorTeam.com, a be... A theory of macroeconomic money-supply growth first postulated by Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton ... forex, forex converter, forex online, forex system, trade forex, forex autopilot system, forex trading tips, forex trading, forex learn, forex earning, forex... Dr. Richard Peterson has spent his career at the intersection of psychology and money. From developing quantitative models to imaging the brains of investors... By Professor Richard J Taffler. Summary of the First part of Andrei Shleifer -- Inefficient Markets An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. Thumbs up if you liked this video! Dr. Frank Murtha is a managing director, consultant, and frequent speaker about investor psychology and behavioral finance. He has consulted for the New York... CFA Level İ Behavioral Finance Perspective Part 1. How to earn money in Forex, forex trend, forex factory, forex traders, forex club, forex broker, system forex, forex market, forex t... How to earn money in Forex, forex trend, forex factory, forex traders, forex club, forex broker, system forex, forex market, forex t... This Inaugural Lecture by Professor Christine Oughton (Financial and Management Studies, DeFiMS) entitled Complexity and Diversity: Systems of Finance, Inno... Nicholas Barberis and Richard Thaler (2003). A Survey of Behavioral Finance. In: George M. Constantinides, Milton Harris, and Rene M. Stulz (eds.),The Hand... Dr. Daniel Crosby was recently chosen by Monster.com as one of the 12 thinkers to watch in the world of leadership and organizational development. Educated a... This serves as an introduction to my classes when we do behavioral finance. financial crisis 2008 news financial crisis in perspective collection the financial crisis financial crisis 2007 financial crisis 2013 financial crisis 2013. Franklin Templeton Investments presents - Behavioral Finance for Everyday Investors: Availability Bias.- published: 16 Nov 2013
- views: 0
98:54
Understanding the Financial Crisis: Origin and Impact - Elizabeth Warren (2008)
The financial crisis of 2007--2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 fin...
published: 15 Jun 2013
author: The Film Archives
Understanding the Financial Crisis: Origin and Impact - Elizabeth Warren (2008)
Understanding the Financial Crisis: Origin and Impact - Elizabeth Warren (2008)
The financial crisis of 2007--2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to be the worst fin...- published: 15 Jun 2013
- views: 711
- author: The Film Archives
38:44
How Much Debt Is There in America? Q&A; on Home Mortgage and Consumer Debt (2006)
The Mortgage industry of the United States is a major financial sector. The federal govern...
published: 20 Sep 2013
How Much Debt Is There in America? Q&A; on Home Mortgage and Consumer Debt (2006)
How Much Debt Is There in America? Q&A; on Home Mortgage and Consumer Debt (2006)
The Mortgage industry of the United States is a major financial sector. The federal government created several programs, or government sponsored entities, to foster mortgage lending, construction and encourage home ownership. These programs include the Government National Mortgage Association (known as Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (known as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (known as Freddie Mac). The US subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indicators of the 2007--2010 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backing said mortgages.[1] The earlier Savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and National Mortgage Crisis of the 1930s also arose primarily from unsound mortgage lending. The mortgage crisis has led to a rise in foreclosures, leading to the 2010 United States foreclosure crisis. Mortgage lending is a major sector finance in the United States, and many of the guidelines that loans must meet are suited to satisfy investors and mortgage insurers. Mortgages are commercial paper and can be conveyed and assigned freely to other holders. In the U.S., the Federal government created several programs, or government sponsored entities, to foster mortgage lending, construction and encourage home ownership. These programs include the Government National Mortgage Association (known as Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (known as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (known as Freddie Mac). These programs work by offering a guarantee on the mortgage payments of certain conforming loans. These loans are then securitized and issued at a slightly lower interest rate to investors, and are known as mortgage-backed securities (MBS). After securitization these are sometimes called "agency paper" or "agency bonds". Whether or not a loan is conforming depends on the size and set of a guidelines which are implemented in an automated underwriting system.[2] Non-conforming mortgage loans which cannot be sold to Fannie or Freddie are either "jumbo" or "subprime", and can also be packaged into mortgage-backed securities. Some companies, called correspondent lenders, sell all or most of their closed loans to these investors, accepting some risks for issuing them. They often offer niche loans at higher prices that the investor does not wish to originate. Securitization allows the banks to quickly relend the money to other borrowers (including in the form of mortgages) and thereby to create more mortgages than the banks could with the amount they have on deposit. This in turn allows the public to use these mortgages to purchase homes, something the government wishes to encourage. Investors in conforming loans, meanwhile, gain low-risk income at a higher interest rate (essentially the mortgage rate, minus the cuts of the bank and GSE) than they could gain from most other bonds. Securitization has grown rapidly in the last 10 years as a result of the wider dissemination of technology in the mortgage lending world. For borrowers with superior credit, government loans and ideal profiles, this securitization keeps rates almost artificially low, since the pools of funds used to create new loans can be refreshed more quickly than in years past, allowing for more rapid outflow of capital from investors to borrowers without as many personal business ties as in the past. The increased amount of lending led (among other factors) to the United States housing bubble of 2000-2006. The growth of lightly regulated derivative instruments based on mortgage-backed securities, such as collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps, is widely reported as a major causative factor behind the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis. As a result of the housing bubble, many banks, including Fannie Mae, established tighter lending guidelines making it much more difficult to obtain a loan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortgage_industry_of_the_United_States- published: 20 Sep 2013
- views: 65
10:00
Professor Bainbridge on the Financial Crisis
Why did the financial crisis of 2007-2008 occur? What should the government response have ...
published: 04 Mar 2010
author: Profbainbridge
Professor Bainbridge on the Financial Crisis
Professor Bainbridge on the Financial Crisis
Why did the financial crisis of 2007-2008 occur? What should the government response have been at the time and going forward? This is Part 1 of 3 of a presen...- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 195
- author: Profbainbridge