Class collaboration is a principle of social organization based upon the belief that the division of society into a hierarchy of social classes is a positive and essential aspect of civilization.

In capitalism, society is divided into various productive roles via division of labor. These various roles may or may not constitute different social classes. But society does divide into classes based on production, and these classes are central to prosperity.

Communists, and anarcho-communists are typically ideological movements fundamentally opposed to class collaboration, generally favoring a classless society instead.

However, some Leninists argue that, in a country with a large peasant population, the transition to communism can be accomplished by an alliance between two classes, the peasantry and the proletariat, united against the bourgeois class.

In the words of Benito Mussolini, fascism "affirms the irremediable, fruitful and beneficent inequality of men." Given this premise, fascists conclude that the preservation of social hierarchy is in the interests of all classes, and therefore all classes should collaborate in its defense. Both the lower and the higher classes should accept their roles and perform their respective duties.