Turkish lira
Türk lirası (Turkish)
1 Coin
ISO 4217 code	TRY (TRL was used before 2005)
Central bank	Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
Website	www.tcmb.gov.tr
User(s)	Turkey 1 Turkish territory  Northern Cyprus
Inflation	11.14% CPI, 7.65% PPI April 2012
Source	Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
Subunit
1/100	Kuruş
Symbol	[1]
Coins
Freq. used	5kr, 10kr, 25kr, 50kr, 1
Rarely used	1kr
Banknotes
Freq. used	5, 10, 20, 50, 100
Rarely used	200
Printer	CBRT Banknote Printer
Website	www.tcmb.gov.tr
Mint	Turkish State Mint
Website	www.darphane.gov.tr
Overnight rates with TRLIBOR

Exchange rate evolution compared to USD, EUR, JPY, GBP and Ottoman lira

since 2005.

•                      January 2005 : 100 = $74 / April 2012 : 100 = $57                      January 2005 : 100 = €55 / April 2012 : 100 = €43                      January 2005 : 1 = ¥76 / April 2012 : 1 = ¥46                      January 2005 : 100 = £39 / April 2012 : 100 = £35                      January 2005 : 1000 = 6.45 Ottoman lira / April 2012 : 1000 = 1.55 Ottoman lira

The Turkish lira (Currency sign: (since 1 March 2012: TL); Turkish: Türk lirası; ISO 4217: TRY)^[2] is the currency of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognised by only Turkey). The Turkish lira is subdivided into 100 kuruş.

All obverse sides of current banknotes and reverse sides of current coins have portraits of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Historical banknotes from the second, third and fourth issues have portraits of İsmet İnönü on the obverse side. This change done according to 12 January 1926 dated official gazette ^[3][4] and canceled by Democrat Party after World War II.

History[link]

Ottoman era[link]

Ottoman lira unofficially used by Turkey until the Turkish lira started circulating. ^[5]

First Turkish lira[link]

After periods pegged to the British pound and the French franc, a peg of 2.8 Turkish lira = 1 U.S. dollar was adopted in 1946 and maintained until 1960, when the currency was devalued to 9 Turkish lira = 1 dollar. From 1970, a series of hard, then soft pegs to the dollar operated as the value of the Turkish lira began to fall.

• 1966 — 1 U.S. dollar = 9 Turkish lira
• 1980 — 1 U.S. dollar = 90 Turkish lira
• 1988 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1300 Turkish lira
• 1995 — 1 U.S. dollar = 45 000 Turkish lira
• 2001 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1 650 000 Turkish lira
• 2005 — 1 U.S. dollar = 1.29 new Turkish lira (The use of New Turkish lira, which drops 6 zeros from the currency Turkish lira, was implemented in 2005)

In 2010, the name was changed to Turkish lira, but New Turkish lira was used as currency until 31 December 2009. In the last decade, the Turkish lira stabilized against the U.S. dollar and the euro, although since 2011 it has been losing value steadily. The Guinness Book of Records ranked the Turkish lira as the world's least valuable currency in 1995 and 1996, and again from 1999 to 2004. The Turkish lira had slid in value so far that one original gold lira coin could be sold for 154,400,000 Turkish lira before the 2005 revaluation.

Second Turkish lira[link]

In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for redenomination by the removal of six zeros from the Turkish lira, and the creation of a new currency. It was introduced on 1 January 2005, replacing the previous Turkish lira (which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005) at a rate of 1 second Turkish lira (ISO 4217 code "TRY") = 1,000,000 first Turkish lira (ISO 4217 code "TRL"). With the revaluation of the Turkish lira, the Romanian leu (also revalued in July 2005) briefly became the world's least valued currency unit.

In the transitional period between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2008, the second Turkish lira was officially called Yeni Türk lirası (New Turkish lira).^[6] It was officially abbreviated "YTL" and subdivided into 100 new kuruş (yeni kuruş). With effect from 1 January 2009, the "new" was removed from the second Turkish lira, its official name becoming just "Turkish lira" again, abbreviated "TL".

Currency sign[link]

Symbol of the Turkish lira

Ankyra coin from Roman emperor Gallienus period. Name of Ankara, capital city of Turkey meaning Anchor in Greek (Ἄγκυρα)

The current currency sign of Turkish lira was created by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in 2012. The new sign was selected after a country-wide contest^[7]. The new symbol, created by Tülay Lale, is composed of the letter L shaped like a half anchor, and embedded double striped letter T angled at 20 degrees.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced the new symbol on 1 March 2012.^[8]. At its unveiling, Erdoğan explained the design as "the anchor shape hopes to convey that the currency is a 'safe harbor' while the upward facing lines represent its rising prestige" ^[9].

Coins[link]

From 1 January 2009, the phrase "new" was removed from the second Turkish lira, its official name in Turkey becoming just "Turkish lira" again;^[10] new coins without the word "yeni" were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 kuruş and 1 Turkish lira. Also, the center and ring alloys of the 50 kuruş and 1 Turkish lira coins were reversed. Furthermore it must be remembered that the turkish lira of today is one million fold of old turkish lira which was used before the year 2005.

Current Turkish lira coins [1]
Image		Value (kuruş)	Technical parameters				Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse		Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Mass (g)	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue
		1	16.5	1.35	2.2	70% copper 30% zinc	Plain	Value, Crescent-star, Snowdrop, year of minting	"TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ", Mustafa Kemal Atatürk	2008	1 January 2009
		5	17.5	1.65	2.9	65% copper 18% nickel 17% zinc		Value, Crescent-star, Tree of life, year of minting
		10	18.5	1.65	3.15	65% copper 18% nickel 17% zinc		Value, Crescent-star, Rumi motif, year of minting
		25	20.5	1.65	4	65% copper 18% nickel 17% zinc	Reeded	Value, Crescent-star, Kufic calligraphic, year of minting
		50	23.85	1.9	6.8	Ring: 65% copper 18% nickel 17% zinc Center: 79 % copper 4% nickel 17% zinc	Reeded	Value, Crescent-star, Bosphorus Bridge and Istanbul silhouette, year of minting
		100 (1 )	26.15	1.9	8.2	Ring: 79% copper 4% nickel 17% zinc Center: 65% copper 18% nickel 17% zinc	T.C. letters and tulip figure	Value, Crescent-star, Rumi motif, year of minting
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Banknotes[link]

A new series of banknotes, the "E-9 Emission Group" entered circulation on 1 January 2009, with the E-8 group ceasing to be valid after 31 December 2009 (although still redeemable at branches of the Central Bank until 31 December 2019). The E-9 banknotes refer to the currency as "Turkish lira" rather than "new Turkish lira", and include a new 200 Turkish lira denomination.^[11] The new banknotes have different sizes to prevent forgery.^[12] The main specificity of this new series is that each denomination depicts a famous Turkish personality, rather than geographical sites and architectural features of Turkey.^[13]

Current Turkish lira banknotes [2]
Image		Value	Dimensions (mm)	Main Colour		Description			Date of issue
Obverse	Reverse					Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
		5	130 × 64		Brown	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk	Aydın Sayılı, diagrams of solar system, atom, ancient cave and a left-handed Z-DNA helix.	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Value	1 January 2009
		10	136 × 64		Red		Cahit Arf, Arf invariant, arithmetic series, abacus, binary
		20	142 × 68		Green		Architect Kemaleddin, Gazi University main building, aqueduct, circular motif and cube-globe-cylinder symbolizing architecture
		50	148 × 68		Orange		Fatma Aliye Topuz, flower and literary figures
		100	154 × 72		Blue		Buhurizade Itri, notes, instruments and Mevlevi figure
		200	160 × 72		Violet		Yunus Emre, Yunus's mausoleum, rose, pigeon and the line "Sevelim, sevilelim" (Let us love, let us be loved)
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimetre.

See also[link]

Economy of Turkey
Money
Turkish lira Central Bank
Projects
Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline European Union – Turkey Customs Union Southeastern Anatolia Project Foreign purchases of real estate
Companies
Istanbul Stock Exchange Companies listed on ISE
Tourism in Turkey
Other Turkish topics Culture – Education Geography – History – Politics Turkey portal
v t e

• Economy of Turkey
• Economy of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
• Banknotes of Turkey
• Coins of Turkey
• Turkish lira sign
• Ottoman lira

References[link]

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009)

1. ^ http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/iletisimgm/TLSimge.php
2. ^ International Organization for Standardization. "BISO 4217 Currency names and code elements". ISO. http://www.iso.org/iso/support/faqs/faqs_widely_used_standards/widely_used_standards_other/currency_codes/currency_codes_list-1.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-22. 
3. ^ http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/269.pdf
4. ^ http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/TBMM/d02/c020/tbmm02020033.pdf
5. ^ http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/egm/ing/b001000e.php
6. ^ Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey. "Law on the Currency of the Republic of Turkey". http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2004/01/20040131.htm#3. 
7. ^ ""TL SİMGE YARIŞMASI" ŞARTNAMESİ" (in Turkish). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası. October 2011. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/duyuru/2011/TLsartname.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-09. 
8. ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57388274/turkey-reveals-symbol-for-its-currency/
9. ^ "Turkey unveils symbol for national currency", TodaysZaman.com, March 1, 2012 http://www.todayszaman.com/news-272940-.html
10. ^ "Public Announcement As To The Removal Of The Prefix "New" From The New Turkish Lira". http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/announce/2007/ANO2007-10.htm. 
11. ^ Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi (Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey) (8 May 2007). "Public Announcement As To The Removal Of The Prefix "New" From The New Turkish Lira". Official Gazette no. 26516, 8 May 2007, page 103.. TCMB. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/announce/2007/ANO2007-10.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-05. 
12. ^ Turkish Daily News (2006-09-15). "TL banknotes to be in circulation in 2009". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930170901/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=54176. Retrieved 2006-09-28. 
13. ^ "Türk Lirası’nda yeni yüzler" (in Turkish). NTV-MSNBC. Anadolu Agency. 2008-10-03. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/461129.asp. Retrieved 2012-03-22. 

Further reading[link]

This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. You can help to improve it by introducing citations that are more precise.

• Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed. ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501. 
• Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9. 
• Sevket Pamuk (2000). A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44197-8. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Money of Turkey

• Turkish Central Bank (Banknote Museum page)
• Turkish State Mint
• Turkish lira official changeover Campaign
• Detailed information on the Turkish lira banknotes and coins in circulation since 2009
• Turk Numismatics

Historical context[link]

v t e Turkey topics People Turkish people (list) Ottoman Sultans Atatürk History (timeline) Early Sultanate of Rum Anatolian Turkish Beyliks Ottoman Foundation Interregnum Rise Growth Stagnation Decline Dissolution Partitioning Republic War of Independence Single-party period Multi-party period By topic Constitutional Economic Military Politics / Government President Prime Minister Parliament Council of Ministers Political parties Elections EU accession Foreign relations Military Human rights LGBT rights Secularism Ottomanism Kemalism Neo-Ottomanism Deep state Legal system Constitution Constitutional Court Official Gazette Crime Law enforcement Geography Anatolia Thrace Regions Provinces Districts Cities Metropolitan centers Environmental issues Mountains Islands Rivers Lakes Peninsulas Capes Bays Turkish Riviera Economy / Transport Industries Companies Stock Exchange Central Bank Other banks EU Customs Union Southeastern Anatolia Project Tourism Currency Railways Aviation Demographics / Religion Turkish language Languages of Turkey Education Religion Islam Turkish population Turkish diaspora Immigration Culture / Media Names Architecture of Turkey Ottoman architecture Art Cinema Cuisine Dance Festivals Folklore Public holidays Literature Music Smoking Sport Theatre Wine Newspapers Radio stations Television Symbols Emblem Flag Presidential Seal National Anthem Turkey portal

Articles related to Turkish lira v t e Currencies of Europe European Union British pound Bulgarian lev Czech koruna Danish krone Euro Gibraltar pound Hungarian forint Latvian lats Lithuanian litas Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish krona Eastern Belarusian ruble Moldovan leu Russian ruble Transnistrian ruble (unrecognised) Ukrainian hryvnia Southern Albanian lek Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Croatian kuna Macedonian denar Serbian dinar Turkish lira Western Faroese króna Guernsey pound Icelandic króna Jersey pound Manx pound Norwegian krone Swiss franc v t e Currencies of Asia Central Kazakhstani tenge Kyrgyzstani som Tajikistani somoni Turkmenistan manat Uzbekistani som East Chinese yuan Hong Kong dollar Japanese yen North Korean won South Korean won Macanese pataca Mongolian tögrög New Taiwan dollar North Russian ruble South Bangladeshi taka Bhutanese ngultrum Indian rupee (Bhutan) Maldivian rufiyaa Nepalese rupee Pakistani rupee Sri Lankan rupee U.S. dollar (British Indian Ocean Territory) Southeast Brunei dollar (Singapore) Burmese kyat Cambodian riel East Timorese centavo (East Timor) Indonesian rupiah Lao kip Malaysian ringgit Philippine peso Singapore dollar (Brunei) Thai baht U.S. dollar Vietnamese đồng West Abkhazian apsar (unrecognized) Afghan afghani Armenian dram (Nagorno-Karabakh) Azerbaijani manat Bahraini dinar Egyptian pound (Gaza Strip) Euro (Cyprus) Georgian lari Iranian rial Iraqi dinar Israeli new shekel (Palestinian territories) Jordanian dinar (West Bank) Kuwaiti dinar Lebanese pound Nagorno-Karabakh dram (unrecognized) Omani rial Russian ruble (Abkhazia, South Ossetia) Qatari riyal Saudi riyal Syrian pound Turkish lira (Northern Cyprus) UAE dirham Yemeni rial v t e Currency signs (¤) Circulating ฿ B/. Br ₵ ¢ C$ ₡ ден. ₫ ֏ € ƒ Ft G ₲ ₴ Kč ₭ L L / E £ / ₤ лв. ₦ ₱ P Q R ﷼ ៛ RM Rp RSD/РСД ₹ ₨ S/. ৳ R$ $ ₪ ₸ ₮ VT ₩ ¥ zł Historic ₳ ₢ ₰ DM ₯ ₠ ₣ I/. Kčs Lm ℳ ₥ ₧ ℛℳ Sk ₷

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Italian Wikipedia. (October 2010) Don't speak Italian? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the Italian article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|it|Lira (moneta)}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

1 Turkish Lira
	M. Kemal Ataturk

1 Italian lira 1863
Vittorio Emanuele II	Coat of arms of the House of Savoy

Lira (sign: ₤, £, or L; plural: lire) is the name of the monetary unit of a number of countries, as well as the former currency of Italy, Malta, San Marino,Syria,Lebanon and the Vatican City (replaced in 2002 with the euro) and Israel. The term originates from the value of a Troy pound (Latin libra) of high purity silver. The libra was the basis of the monetary system of the Roman Empire. When Europe resumed a monetary system, during the Carolingian Empire, the Roman system was adopted, the so-called £sd (librae, solidi, denarii).

Particularly this system was kept during the Middle Ages and Modern Age in England, France, and Italy. In each of these countries the libra was translated into local language: pound in England, livre in France, lira in Italy. The Venetian lira was one of the currencies in use in Italy and due to the economic power of the Venetian Republic a popular currency in the Eastern Mediterranean trade.

During the 19th century Egypt and the Ottoman Empire adopted the lira as their national currency, equivalent to 100 piasters or kuruş. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed in years 1918-1922, many among the successor states kept the lira as their national currency. In some countries, such as Cyprus, which have belonged to both empires, the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire, the words lira and pound are used as equivalents.

L, sometimes in a double-crossed script form (₤) or less often single-crossed (£), is usually used as the symbol (occasionally a plain capital "L" crossed by a bar is used).^[1]

Current uses[link]

Turkey[link]

The Turkish lira was introduced in 1844 during Ottoman reign. Turkish Lira is now the currency of Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Lebanon[link]

The Lebanese pound is called "lira" in local national language, Arabic.

Syria[link]

The Syrian pound is called "lira" in national language of Syria, Arabic.

Jordan[link]

A widely used name of Jordanian dinar is lira.

Also:
The Bulgarian language refers to the English pound as lira (or occasionally paund to reflect English phonology) in opposition to Croatian which refers to the Italian as lira and the English as funta (from German).

Former currencies[link]

• Cyprus pound (called "lira" in Turkish)
• Israeli lira
• Italian lira
• Italian East African lira
• Italian Somaliland lira
• Maltese lira
• Neapolitan lira
• Sammarinese lira
• Tripolitanian lira
• Vatican lira
• Pound (currency), translated "lira" in some languages
• French livre cognate
• Turkish lira cognate

Footnotes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Carlo M. Cipolla, Le avventure della lira, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1975.
• Stefano Poddi, "La lunga storia della lira", stralcio, Fondazioni, n. 2 marzo-aprile, 2008. Roma.
• Stefano Poddi, "La lunga storia della lira", articolo completo, Difesa e Lavoro, settembre 2008.

External links[link]

• Overview of Italian lira from the BBC

Coordinates: 2°14′N 32°54′E / 2.233°N 32.9°E / 2.233; 32.9