World map with the intertropical zone highlighted in red.

Tropical climate zones of the Earth where all twelve months have mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F).

The tropics is a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23° 26′ 16″ (or 23.4378°) N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at 23° 26′ 16″ (or 23.4378°) S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). The tropics include all the areas on the Earth where the Sun reaches a point directly overhead at least once during the solar year. About 40 percent of the world's human population lives within the tropical zone (by 2008 statistics), and by 2060, 60% of the human population will be in the tropics, owing to high birth rates and migration.^[1]

The tropics are distinguished from the other climatic and biomatic regions of Earth, the middle latitudes and the polar regions on either side of the equatorial zone.

Seasons and climate[link]

A graph showing the zonally averaged monthly precipitation. The tropics receive more precipitation than higher latitudes. The precipitation maximum, which follows the solar equator through the year, is under the rising branch of the Hadley circulation; the sub-tropical minima are under the descending branch and cause the desert areas.

Tropical sunset over the sea in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

"Tropical" is sometimes used in a general sense for a tropical climate to mean warm to hot and moist year-round, often with the sense of lush vegetation.

Many tropical areas have a dry and wet season. The wet season, or rainy season, is the time of year, covering one or more months, when most of the average annual rainfall in a region falls.^[2] The term green season is also sometimes used as a euphemism by tourist authorities.^[3] Areas with wet seasons are disseminated across portions of the tropics and subtropics.^[4] Under the Koppen climate classification, for tropical climates, a wet season month is defined as a month where average precipitation is 60 millimetres (2.4 in) or more.^[5] Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally distributed through the year.^[6] Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough move poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season.^[7]

When the wet season occurs during the warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours. The wet season is a time when air quality improves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows significantly, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime. Unfortunately, the previous dry season leads to food shortages into the wet season, as the crops have yet to mature.

Regions within the tropics may well not have a tropical climate. There are alpine tundra and snow-capped peaks, including Mauna Kea, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Andes as far south as the northernmost parts of Chile and Argentina. Under the Köppen climate classification, much of the area within the geographical tropics is classed not as "tropical" but as "dry" (arid or semi-arid) including the Sahara Desert, the Atacama Desert and Australian Outback.

Tropical ecosystems[link]

Coconut palms in the warm, tropical climate in Brazil.

Tropical forest near Fond St-Denis, Martinique.

Tropical plants and animals are those species native to the tropics. Tropical ecosystems may consist of rainforests, dry deciduous forests, spiny forests, desert and other habitat types. There are often significant areas of biodiversity, and species endemism present, particularly in rainforests and dry deciduous forests. Some examples of important biodiversity and/or high endemism ecosystems are: El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, Costa Rican and Nicaraguan rainforests, Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon Rainforest territories, Madagascar dry deciduous forests, Waterberg Biosphere of South Africa and eastern Madagascar rainforests. Often the soils of tropical forests are low in nutrient content making them quite vulnerable to slash-and-burn techniques, which are sometimes an element of shifting cultivation agricultural systems.

In biogeography, the tropics are divided into Paleotropics (Africa, Asia and Australia) and Neotropics (Caribbean, Central America, and South America). Together, they are sometimes referred to as the Pantropics. The Neotropical region should not be confused with the ecozone of the same name; in the Old World, there is no such ambiguity, as the Paleotropics correspond to the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and partly the Australasian and Oceanic ecozones.

See also[link]

Geography portal

References[link]

A Morpho peleides (Blue Morpho) tropical butterfly.

External links[link]

• Tropen, Goethe-Institut (bilingual web site English/German with a lot of information and extracts from novels, short stories, essays, etc. written by explorers, conquerors and writers since the discovery of the so called New World)

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (February 2011) Don't speak German? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the German article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|de|Kenza Farah}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia. (February 2011) Don't speak French? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the French article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|fr|Kenza Farah}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Kenza Farah (born July 8, 1986) is an Algerian singer. She is considered^{[by whom?]} the second internet success story in the French music industry, after Yelle. Her album Authentik, released in 2007, went gold in its second week.^[1]

Career beginnings[link]

Born into a family of six children, Kenza Farah born in Bejaia (Kabylie - Algeria) but grew up in the 15th arrondissement of Marseille. At age 14, she began playing shows neighborhood and wins singing contest. Following the singing competition, Kenza Farah meet the producers that allow it to record some songs in the studio, including Mon Ange, Tresor and Il ma trahie. It is then noticed by the producer Abdel.B which allows him to sign the production of an album in December 2006 with an independent label, Karismatik.

Discography[link]

Authentik[link]

Authentik is an album of R & B, Hip Hop Soul and French, written and performed by French-Algerian singer Kenza Farah. The album contains 18 tracks (including two on the reissue) and guest appearances with Sefyu, Le Rat Luciano, Idir, Big Ali and The Silence of the Mosques. It was released June 11, 2007 in France.

1. Dans mon monde
2. Je me bats
3. Moi j'ai 20 ans
4. Ou va le monde
5. Lettre du front feat. Sefyu
6. Il m'a trahie
7. Dans les rues de ma ville
8. Trop d'flow feat. Big Ali
9. Mi amor
10. Ne me dites pas
11. Appelez moi Kenza
12. Sur tous les chemins feat. Le Rat Luciano
13. Sous le ciel de Marseille feat. Idir
14. Toi et moi
15. Cris de Bosnie feat. Le Silence des Mosquées
16. Les enfants du ghetto
17. Bye Bye
18. Leve la tête

Authentik Mixtape[link]

1. Intro Dj Roc j
2. 15éme Hardcore (Feat G.a.p/Soosol)
3. Faut il que je sois ?
4. Freestyle Skyrock
5. Trésor
6. Terre à terre (Feat Kamelancien)
7. Je reprends mes ailes
8. Quoi qu'il arrive (Feat Tino/Section fidjo)
9. L'Amour ou la Passion
10. Tu reconnais (Feat Kayline & Moh/S.krim)
11. Plus rien sans toi (Feat T-north)
12. On vous aime tant (Feat Alonzo & Ligne 26 & Sale équipe)
13. Freestyle Skyrock
14. Il m'a trahie + Medley (l'amour s'en va, d'amour ou d'amitié..)
15. Seule sans toi
16. Nos différences
17. Face à la mort (Feat Bouda/15eme Processus)
18. Flashback (Feat K-RhYme le roi)
19. À la place d'un ange (Feat Monock/La Méthode)
20. Toi et moi (Feat Mickey-lansky)

Avec le coeur[link]

Avec le coeur is an album of R & B, Hip Hop Soul and French, written and performed by French-Algerian singer Kenza Farah. The album contains 22 tracks and guest appearances with the Psy 4 De La Rime, Nina Sky, Roldan group Orishas and Busy Signal. It was released November 17, 2008 in France. This album is the first double CD of French R & B out. It will be certified platinum disc.

CD1

1. Avec le cœur
2. Au cœur de la rue
3. Mi corazon
4. Peuple du monde entier
5. Je représente
6. Désillusion du ghetto
7. On tient le coup feat. Psy 4 De La Rime
8. Let me be with you
9. La nuit feat. Busy Signal
10. Ce que je suis
11. Que serais-je ?

CD2

1. Kenza sur le beat
2. J'essaie encore
3. J'aurais voulu te dire
4. Chant libre
5. Ne nous jugez pas feat. Roldan (Orishas)
6. Commandement du ciment
7. Toute seule
8. Tout ça ne compte pas
9. Celle qu'il te faut feat. Nina Sky
10. La vérité
11. Pardonnez moi

Trésor[link]

Trésor is an album of R & B, Hip Hop Soul and French, written and performed by French-Algerian singer Kenza Farah. The album contains 18 tracks (including two bonus and a bonus virgin mega) and guest appearances with Segnor Alonzo, Lea Castel, Melissa M, Younes, Kayline (Karismatik) and Nabila (Karismatik). It was released November 15, 2010 in France.

1. Trésor
2. Militante
3. On m'a dit
4. On vient de là feat. Kayline
5. Je serais prète feat. Nabila
6. Me reconstruire
7. Je n'ai pas le choix
8. Opérationnel
9. Crack Musik feat. Alonzo
10. Coeur Prisonnier
11. Ainsi va la vie feat. Younes
12. Karismastyle
13. Vagabonde
14. Trop de mots feat. Léa Castel et Melissa M
15. Sans jamais se plaindre
16. Militante
17. La où tu vas
18. Street Verité

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Site
• Kenza Farah's blog

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Andrés Crespo (born 5 April 1968) is a Spanish fencer. He competed in the team foil event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.^[1]

References[link]

This biographical article related to fencing in Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e