Dortmund
Dortmund skyline
Dortmund
Location of the city of Dortmund within North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates	51°31′N 7°28′E / 51.51667°N 7.46667°E / 51.51667; 7.46667Coordinates: 51°31′N 7°28′E / 51.51667°N 7.46667°E / 51.51667; 7.46667
Administration
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Arnsberg
District	Urban district
Lord Mayor	Ullrich Sierau (SPD)
Basic statistics
Area	280.4 km2 (108.3 sq mi)
Elevation	152 m  (499 ft)
Population	580,444 (31 December 2010)[1]
- Density	2,070 /km2 (5,361 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	DO
Postal codes	44001-44388
Area codes	0231, 02304
Website	www.dortmund.de

Dortmund ([ˈdɔʁtmʊnt] ( listen); Low German: Düörpm; Latin: Tremonia) is a city in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia. Its population of 580,444 (in December 2010) makes it the 8th largest city in Germany. It is a part of the Ruhr Area, an urban area with some 5.2 million (2009) inhabitants which is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. It is also a part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people.

The river Ruhr flows south of the city, and the small river Emscher flows through the municipal area. The Dortmund-Ems Canal also terminates in the Dortmund Port, which is the largest European canal port, and links Dortmund to the North Sea.

Dortmund is known as Westphalia's "green metropolis". Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture and green spaces with spacious parks such as Westfalenpark and the Rombergpark. This contrasts with nearly a hundred years of extensive coal mining and steel milling within the city limits.

History[link]

Dortmund 1647

A small village at the location of Dortmund was mentioned in official documents from 880 to 885 as Throtmanni. After it was destroyed by a fire, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) had the town rebuilt in 1152 and resided there for two years. It became an Imperial Free City in 1220. During that century, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League.

After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde", and the 1661 earthquake collapsed the Reinoldikirche. Within the Prussian Province of Westphalia, Dortmund was a district seat within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg until 1875, after which it was an urban district within the region. During the industrialization of Prussia, Dortmund became a major centre for coal and steel.

Under Nazi Germany, the synagogue was destroyed in 1938. Also, the Aplerbeck Hospital in Dortmund transferred mentally and/or physically disabled patients for euthanasia at the Hadamar mental hospital as part of the Action T4 (an additional 229 children were killed in the "Children's Specialist Department", which was transferred from Marburg in 1941). Dortmund bombing targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II included Hoesch-Westfalenhütte AG, the "Hoesch-Benzin GmBH" synthetic oil plant, and the Zeche Hansa coking plant;^[2] and bombing destroyed about 66 % of the Dortmund homes^[3] and about 98 % of the inner city area. The code word Dortmund was radioed to initiate the 1941 Operation Barbarossa campaign against the Soviet Union.

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Dortmund in April 1945. The US 95th Infantry Division, attacked the city on 12 April 1945 against a spirited German defense. The division, assisted by close air support, advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April 1945.^[4]

Post-war, buildings such as the Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche (churches) were restored/rebuilt, and extensive parks and gardens were laid out. The LWL-Industriemuseum began in 1969,^[5] and the city subsequently became a centre for hi-tech industry.

Main sights[link]

Cultural history tones are set by the churches in the city centre whose towers characterise the skyline of Dortmund. The Reinoldikirche and the Marienkirche are gems of medieval architecture.

The city centre of Dortmund still retains the outline of the medieval city. A ring road marks the former city wall, and the Westen-/Ostenhellweg, part of a medieval salt trading route, is still the major (pedestrian) street bisecting the city centre.

(Dortmund old Townhall)

• Reinoldikirche, a Protestant church (built in 1233-1450)
• Petrikirche, a Protestant church (start of construction 1322). It is famous for the huge carved altar (known as "Golden Miracle of Dortmund"), from 1521. It consists of 633 gilt carved oak figures depicting 30 scenes about Easter.
• Marienkirche, a Protestant church originally built in 1170-1200 but rebuilt after World War II. The altar is from 1420.
• U-Tower, former Dortmund Union brewery, now a museum
• Florianturm, (television tower Florian)
• Westfalenstadion: Football ground of Borussia Dortmund, licensed until 2016 under the name Signal Iduna Park. Close to it are the Westfalenhallen, a large convention centre, the site of several major conventions, trade fairs, ice-skating competitions, concerts and other major events since the 1950s.
• Westphalian Industrial Museum Zollern Colliery, an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage
• Hansa Coking Plant
• Haus Bodelschwingh (13th century), a moated castle
• Haus Dellwig (13th century), a moated castle partly rebuilt in the 17th century. The façade and the steep tower, and two half-timbered buildings, are original.
• Haus Rodenberg (13th century), a moated castle.
• Altes Stadthaus, built in 1899 by Friedrich Kullrich
• Wasserschloss Bodelschwingh
• Romberg Park Gatehouse (17th century), once a gatehouse to a moated castle. Now it houses an art gallery.
• RWE Tower (120 metres high skyscraper — the tallest in Essen)
• Opernhaus Dortmund, opera house built in 1966 on the site of the old synagogue which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938.
• The major art museums include the Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte and the more recent Museum Ostwall.

Sports[link]

Signal Iduna Park

Dortmund is home of the sport club Borussia Dortmund which won the UEFA Champions League and the Intercontinental Cup in 1997, as well as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup against Liverpool in 1966. This made it the first European Cup Winner in Germany. They play at Westfalenstadion, currently known as Signal Iduna Park. It was built for the 1974 FIFA Football World Cup and also hosted some matches of 2006 FIFA World Cup, including Italy's 2-0 defeat of Germany in the semi-finals. It is Germany's largest football stadium with a maximum capacity of 80,720 spectators.^[6]
Borussia Dortmund also has a women's handball team playing in the first Bundesliga, while Borussia'stable tennis team and the SVD 49 Dortmund basketball team play in their respective second national divisions.

Dortmund is the Olympiastützpunkt for Westphalia.

The Sparkassen Chess-Meeting has been hosted in Dortmund since 1982.

Transportation[link]

Dortmund Airport is a medium-sized, but fast growing airport 13 km (8.1 mi) east of the city centre at the city limit to Holzwickede.^[7] The closest intercontinental airport is Düsseldorf International Airport.

Dortmund Airport Terminal

The central train station (Dortmund Hauptbahnhof) is the third largest long distance traffic junction in Germany.

Dortmund Harbour (Hafen) is the largest canal harbour in Europe and the 11th fluvial harbour in Germany.

Dortmund also serves as a major European and German crossroads for the Autobahnsystem. The Ruhrschnellweg follows old Hanseatic trade routes to connect the city with the other metropolises of the Ruhr Area. Connections to the more distant parts of Germany are maintained by the A1 and the A2 which pass closely to the north and east of the city and cross each other at the Kamener Kreuz interchange northeast of Dortmund. Together with the A45 in the west they built the Dortmund Beltway (Dortmunder Autobahnring).

For public transportation, the city has an extensive Stadtbahn and bus system. In April 2008, the newly constructed east-west underground light rail line was opened, completing the underground service in the city centre and replacing the last trams on the surface.^[8]

The H-Bahn at Dortmund University of Technology is a hanging monorail built specifically to shuttle passengers between the university's two campuses,^[9] which are now also flanked by research laboratories and other high-tech corporations and startups. A nearly identical monorail system transfers passengers at Düsseldorf Airport.^[10]

Demographics[link]

As of 2010, Dortmund had a population of 580.400 of whom about 180.000 (~30%) were of non-German origin.

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Dortmund by country of origin per 31 December 2009 ^[11]

Economy[link]

Dortmund has historically been an industrial area. Dortmund is now home to a number of medium-sized information technology companies,^[12] many linked to the local university TechnologieZentrumDortmund program.^[13] The city works closely with research institutes, private universities, and companies to collaborate on the commercialization of science initiatives.^[14]

In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow.^[15]

Politics[link]

The politics of Dortmund are dominated by the social-democratic SPD. Since World War II, the SPD has been the biggest party on the town council (German: Stadtrat). Since the 2004 local election, there have been 9 parties and electors' groups on the town council (88 seats; 1999: 82 seats):

Since May 2010, the lord mayor of Dortmund is Ullrich Sierau (SPD). He leads a coalition made up of SPD and Grüne.

Culture[link]

Dortmund U-Tower (Dortmund U-Tower)

The city has a long tradition of music and theatre. The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called Dortmunder Philharmoniker. The first opera house was built in 1904, destroyed in World War II and opened again in 1966 as Opernhaus Dortmund. It is operated by Theater Dortmund together with other locations, including (since 2002) the Konzerthaus Dortmund. The Dortmund U-Tower in former times a brewery is now center of creative industries and the Museum am Ostwall The city is namesake for the Dortmunder style beer and is home to the Dortmunder Actien Brauerei.

Twin towns—sister cities[link]

Dortmund is twinned with:^[16]

• Zwickau, Germany
• Amiens, France, since 1960^[16]
• Leeds, United Kingdom, since 1969^[16][17]
•  Rostov-on-Don, Russia, since 1973^[16]
• Buffalo, United States, since 1977^[16]
• Netanya, Israel, since 1981^[16]
• Novi Sad, Serbia, since 1982^[16]
• Xi'an, People's Republic of China, since 1992^[16]

References[link]

External links[link]

Germany portal

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Dortmund.

Media related to Dortmund at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website

		Münster	Hamm, Bielefeld
	Essen, Duisburg		Paderborn, Kassel
		Dortmund    East
	Düsseldorf, Leverkusen, Cologne, Bonn		Siegen, Frankfurt

v t e Members of the Hanseatic League by Quarter Chief cities are highlighted; Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire are shown in italics. Wendish Quarter Lübeck Anklam · Demmin · Greifswald · Hamburg · Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) · Lüneburg · Rostock · Rügenwalde (Darłowo) · Stettin (Szczecin) · Stolp (Słupsk) · Stockholm · Stralsund · Visby · Wismar Saxon Quarter Brunswick Berlin · Bremen · Erfurt · Frankfurt an der Oder · Goslar · Magdeburg Baltic Quarter Danzig (Gdańsk) Breslau (Wrocław) · Dorpat (Tartu) · Elbing (Elbląg) · Königsberg (Kaliningrad) · Kraków · Reval (Tallinn) · Rīga · Thorn (Toruń) Westphalian Quarter Cologne* Dortmund* Deventer · Groningen · Kampen · Münster · Osnabrück · Soest Principal Kontore Bryggen (Bergen) · Hanzekantoor (Bruges, Antwerp†) · Steelyard (London) · Peterhof (Novgorod) Subsidiary Kontore Bishop's Lynn · Falsterbo · Ipswich · Kovno (Kaunas) · Malmö · Polotsk · Pskov Other cities Bristol · Boston · Damme · Leith · Herford · Hull · Newcastle · Stargard · Yarmouth · York * Cologne and Dortmund were both capital of the Westphalian Quarter at different times. † Antwerp gained importance once Bruges became inaccessible due to the silting of the Zwin channel.

v t e Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire   As of 1792 Aachen Aalen Augsburg Biberach Bopfingen BremenH Buchau Buchhorn CologneH Dinkelsbühl DortmundH Eßlingen Frankfurt Friedberg Gengenbach Giengen GoslarH HamburgH Heilbronn Isny Kaufbeuren Kempten Kessenich Leutkirch Lindau LübeckH Memmingen Mühlhausen MülhausenD, S Nordhausen Nördlingen Nuremberg Offenburg Pfullendorf Ravensburg Regensburg Reutlingen Rothenburg RottweilS Schwäbisch Gmünd Schwäbisch Hall Schweinfurt Speyer Überlingen Ulm Wangen Weil Weißenburg in Bayern Wetzlar Wimpfen Windsheim Worms Zell Free Imperial Cities as of 1648   Cities that lost Imperial immediacy or gained independence before 1792 BaselS BernS Besançon Brakel Cambrai Diessenhofen Donauwörth Duisburg Düren Gelnhausen HagenauD Herford KaysersbergD KolmarD Konstanz LandauD Lemgo LucerneS Mainz Metz MunsterD ObernaiD Pfeddersheim Rheinfelden RosheimD St. GallenS Sarrebourg SchaffhausenS Schmalkalden SchlettstadtD SoestH SolothurnS Straßburg Toul TurckheimD Verden Verdun Warburg Weißenburg in ElsaßD ZürichS D Member of the Décapole H Member of the Hanseatic League S Member or associate of the Swiss Confederacy.

v t e Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (1500–1806) of the Holy Roman Empire Ecclesiastical Cambrai (until 1678) Corvey1 Liège Minden2 Münster Stavelot–Malmedy1 Osnabrück Paderborn Utrecht (until 1548) Verden (until 1648) The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (color) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) Prelates Corvey2 Essen Herford Kornelimünster Stavelot–Malmedy2 Thorn Werden Secular Cleves with Mark East Frisia1 Jülich–Berg Guelders (until 1548) Minden1 Moers1 Nassau-Dillenburg1 Verden1 Counts and lords from 1500 Bentheim Bronkhorst (until 1719) Diepholz East Frisia (until 1667) Horne3 (until 1614) Hoya Lingen3 Lippe Manderscheid (until 1546) Moers (until 1541) Nassau (Diez Hadamar Dillenburg (until 1664)) Oldenburg (until 1777) Pyrmont Ravensberg3 Reichenstein Rietberg Salm-Reifferscheid Sayn Schaumburg Tecklenburg Virneburg Wied Winneburg and Beilstein Zimerauff? from 1792 Anholt Blankenheim and Gerolstein Gemen Gimborn Gronsfeld Hallermund Holzappel Kerpen-Lommersum Myllendonk Reckheim Schleiden Wickrath Wittem status uncertain Delmenhorst Fagnolle Schaumburg (Hesse Lippe) Spiegelberg Steinfurt Cities Aachen Cologne Dortmund Duisburg? Herford? Verden (until 1648) Warburg? 1 from 1792 2 until 1792 3 without Reichstag seat ? status uncertain.

v t e Urban and rural districts in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany Urban districts Bielefeld Bochum Bonn Bottrop Dortmund Duisburg Düsseldorf Essen Gelsenkirchen Hagen Hamm Herne Köln (Cologne) Krefeld Leverkusen Mönchengladbach Mülheim Münster Oberhausen Remscheid Solingen Wuppertal Rural districts Aachen Borken Coesfeld Düren Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis Euskirchen Gütersloh Heinsberg Herford Hochsauerlandkreis Höxter Kleve (Cleves) Lippe Märkischer Kreis Mettmann Minden-Lübbecke Oberbergischer Kreis Olpe Paderborn Recklinghausen Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis Rhein-Erft-Kreis Rhein-Kreis Neuss Rhein-Sieg-Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein Soest Steinfurt Unna Viersen Warendorf Wesel

Robert Lewandowski

Personal information
Full name	Robert Lewandowski
Date of birth	(1988-08-21) 21 August 1988 (age 23)
Place of birth	Warsaw, Poland
Height	1.84 m (6 ft 0 in)
Playing position	Striker
Club information
Current club	Borussia Dortmund
Number	9
Youth career
0000–2004	Varsovia Warsaw
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2005	Delta Warsaw		(4[1])
2005–2006	Legia Warsaw II		(2[2])
2006–2008	Znicz Pruszków	63	(36)
2008–2010	Lech Poznań	58	(32)
2010–	Borussia Dortmund	67	(30)
National team‡
2008	Poland U21	3	(0)
2008–	Poland	40	(13)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 21:45, 28 April 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 23:14, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Robert Lewandowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrɔbɛrt lɛvanˈdɔfskʲi]; born 21 August 1988) is a Polish footballer who plays for German Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund as a striker, having previously played for Delta Warsaw, Legia Warsaw, Znicz Pruszków and Lech Poznań. He has been capped by Poland at international level.

Club career[link]

Early career[link]

In 2006–07, Lewandowski was the Polish third division's top goal scorer with 15 goals, helping Znicz Pruszków win promotion.^[3] The next season he was the top scorer in the Polish second division with 21 goals.^[3]

Lech Poznań[link]

In June 2008, Lech Poznań signed Lewandowski from Znicz for 1.5 million zlotys.^[4][5]

He made his debut for Lech in July 2008 as a sub in a first round UEFA Cup qualifier versus Khazar Lenkoran from Azerbaijan. In that match he scored the only goal of the match. During his Ekstraklasa debut in the first game of the season in a match against GKS Bełchatów he scored a heel flick goal just four minutes after coming into the game late second half. In his first season in the Polish top division, he was second in the goal-scoring charts. The next season, he became the top scorer with 18 goals and helped his team win the 2009–10 championship.

Borussia Dortmund[link]

In 2010, rumors emerged linking Lewandowski with various clubs, particularly Borussia Dortmund, Genoa C.F.C. and Blackburn Rovers.^[6][7] On 5 May Borussia Dortmund's general manager Michael Zorc stated that Lewandowski had agreed verbally to join the Bundesliga club.^[8] However, negotiations between the clubs went on for several weeks. On 19 May, it was reported that he had undergone medical exams at Borussia^[9] and on 11 June 2010, he signed a four-year contract with the German club^[10] in a transfer thought to be worth around €4.5 million.^[11] On 19 September, he scored his first goal in the Bundesliga to make it 3–0 in the Revierderby against Schalke 04, the game ended 3–1.

2011–12[link]

The 2011–12 Bundesliga campaign saw Lewandowski elevated to an ever-present in the starting eleven. The striker responded by finding the net two times in Dortmund's 3–0 DFB-Pokal first round victory over SV Sandhausen.^[12] Lewandowski opened his league account in a 2–0 win over Nürnberg on 20 August 2011, by providing the finishing touch from a Mario Gotze cross.^[13] On 1 October, Lewandowski provided an assist and netted a hat-trick in the club's 4–0 victory over FC Augsburg,^[14] following a disappointing 3-0 loss to Marseille in the Champions League group stage.^[15] Dortmund climbed into second place in the Bundesliga with a comfortable 5–0 victory over FC Köln on 22 October, with Lewandowski finding the net either side of half-time.^[16] Dortmund travelled to SC Freiburg on 17 December and Lewandowski struck twice and provided an assist for Kevin Großkreutz, as Dortmund eased to a 4-1 triumph.^[17]

Following the winter break, on 22 January 2012 Dortmund thrashed Hamburg 5–1 to move level on points with leaders Bayern Munich; Lewandowski netted twice and added an assist for Jakub Błaszczykowski in the rout.^[18] He scored the only goal of the game in a 1-0 home win over Bayern Munich on 11 April.^[19] The result gave Dortmund a six point cushion over their title rivals with only four games left to play.^[20] On 21 April, Lewandowski provided the assist for Shinji Kagawa's 59th minute goal as Dortmund won 2-0 over Borussia Monchengladbach to seal their second straight title.^[21] In the final Bundesliga game of the campaign, Lewandowski scored two first-half goals as Dortmund beat Freiburg 4–0 and celebrated lifting the title.^[22]

Lewandowski was named the Bundesliga Player of the Season on 11 May and finished the year as the third top goal scorer with 22 goals, none from the penalty spot, and six assists.^[23]

In the final game of the season for Dortmund, he scored a hat-trick in the DFB-Pokal Final, a 5–2 win over Bayern Munich, to earn the club its first league and cup double.^[24][25] Lewandowski finished as the DFB-Pokal's top goalscorer, with seven goals from six games.^[26]

International career[link]

Lewandowski (right) playing for Poland

Lewandowski made three appearances for Poland's U21 team, in friendly matches against England, Belarus and Finland.

His debut for the senior national team came on 10 September 2008, three weeks after his 20th birthday, against San Marino where he came on as a sub and scored one goal. Only Włodzimierz Lubański, who is widely considered a "legend", scored a goal on his debut for the national team at a younger age than Lewandowski, having been 16 at the time.

International goals[link]

Goal	Date	Venue	Opponent	Goal	Final Result	Competition
1.	10 September 2008	Serravalle, San Marino	San Marino	0–2	Win 0–2	2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier
2.	19 November 2008	Dublin, Republic of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	1–3	Win 2–3	Friendly
3.	1 April 2009	Kielce, Poland	San Marino	4–0	Win 10–0	2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier
4.	23 January 2010	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	Singapore	1–0	Win 6–1	2010 King's Cup
5.	23 January 2010	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	Singapore	2–0	Win 6–1	2010 King's Cup
6.	3 March 2010	Warsaw, Poland	Bulgaria	2–0	Win 2–0	Friendly
7.	7 September 2010	Kraków, Poland	Australia	1–1	Loss 1–2	Friendly
8.	17 November 2010	Poznań, Poland	Côte d'Ivoire	1–0	Win 3–1	Friendly
9.	17 November 2010	Poznań, Poland	Côte d'Ivoire	3–1	Win 3–1	Friendly
10.	9 February 2011	Faro, Portugal	Norway	1–0	Win 1–0	Friendly
11.	6 September 2011	Gdańsk, Poland	Germany	1–0	Draw 2–2	Friendly
12.	7 October 2011	Seoul, South Korea	South Korea	1–0	Draw 2–2	Friendly
13.	11 October 2011	Wiesbaden, Germany	Belarus	2–0	Win 2–0	Friendly