Olympic medal record
Men's Athletics
Competitor for the  United States
Gold	1968 Mexico City	Long jump
Pan American Games
Silver	1967 Winnipeg	Long jump

Robert "Bob" Beamon (born August 29, 1946) is an American former track and field athlete, best known for his world record in the long jump at the Mexico Olympics in 1968, which remained the world record for almost 23 years until it was broken in 1991 by Mike Powell. This is the second longest holding of this record, as Jesse Owens held the record for 25 years, 1935-1960.

Early life[link]

Bob Beamon was born in South Jamaica, Queens, New York. He was raised by his grandmother, who told him about his mother who died at 25 from tuberculosis, when Beamon was only 8 months old. He later found out that his mother was physically abused by his father. He was sent to his grandmother's because his father threatened to kill Beamon if his mother took him home.

When he was attending Jamaica High School he was discovered by Larry Ellis, a renowned track coach. Beamon later became part of the All-American track and field team. In 1965, he ranked second in the long jump in the United States, and received a track and field scholarship to the University of Texas at El Paso.^[1]

Beamon was suspended from the University of Texas at El Paso, for refusing to compete against Brigham Young University, alleging it had racist policies. This left him without a coach, and fellow Olympian Ralph Boston began to coach him unofficially.^[2]

1968 Summer Olympics[link]

Beamon entered the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City as the favorite, having won 22 of the 23 meets he had competed in that year, including a career best of 8.33 m (27 ft. 4 in.) and a world's best of 8.39 m (27 ft. 6.5 in) that was ineligible for the record books because of excessive wind assistance. He came near to missing the final, overstepping on his first two attempts in qualifying. With only one chance left, Beamon re-measured his approach run from a spot in front of the board and made a fair jump that advanced him to the final. There he faced the two previous gold-medal winners, American Ralph Boston (1960) and Lynn Davies of Great Britain (1964), and two-time bronze medallist Igor Ter-Ovanesyan of the Soviet Union.^[3]

On October 18 Beamon set a world record for the long jump with a jump of 8.90 m (29 ft. 2½ in.), bettering the existing record by 55 cm (21¾ in.). When the announcer called out the distance for the jump, Beamon — unfamiliar with metric measurements — wasn't affected by it.^[4] When his teammate and coach Ralph Boston told him that he broke the world record by nearly 2 feet, an astonished Beamon collapsed to his knees and placed his hands over his face in shock. In one of the more enduring images of the games, his competitors then helped him to his feet.^[5] One journalist called Beamon "the man who saw lightning".^{[citation needed]} Sports journalist Dick Schaap wrote a book about the leap, The Perfect Jump. Prior to Beamon’s jump, the world record had been broken thirteen times since 1901, with an average increase of 6 cm (2½ in) and the largest increase being 15 cm (6 in). Beamon's record stood for 23 years until Mike Powell broke it in 1991.

The defending Olympic champion Lynn Davies told Beamon "You have destroyed this event", and in sports jargon, a new adjective — Beamonesque — came into use to describe spectacular feats.^[6] Beamon landed his jump near the far end of the sand pit but the optical device which had been installed to measure jump distances was not designed to measure a jump of such length. This forced the officials to measure the jump manually which added to the jump's aura. Shortly after Beamon's jump a major rainstorm blew through making it more difficult for his competitors to try to match Beamon's feat. None were able to do so. Klaus Beer finished second with a jump of 8.19 m.

In making his record jump, Beamon enjoyed a number of advantageous environmental factors.^[7] At an altitude of 2240 m (7349 ft), Mexico City's air had less resistance than air would have at sea level. This allows runners to run faster and jumpers to jump farther. In addition to Beamon's record, world records were broken in most of the sprinting and jumping events at the 1968 Olympic Games. Beamon also benefited from a trailing wind of 2 meters per second on his jump, the maximum allowable for record purposes. It has been estimated that the trail wind and altitude may have improved Beamon's long jump distance by 31 cm (12.2 inches).^[7] During the same hour Lee Evans set the world record for 400 metres that lasted for almost 20 years.

After winning the gold medal in Mexico City, he never again jumped over 8.22 m (26 ft. 11¾ in.)

Beamon's world-record jump was named by Sports Illustrated magazine as one of the five greatest sports moments of the 20th century. His world record was finally broken in 1991 when Mike Powell jumped 8.95 m (29 ft. 4-3/8 in.) at the World Championships in Tokyo, but Beamon's jump is still the Olympic record and more than 40 years later remains the second longest wind legal jump of all time.

Later life[link]

Shortly after the Mexico City Olympics, Beamon was drafted by the Phoenix Suns basketball team.^[8] In 1972 he graduated from Adelphi University with a degree in sociology ^[9]

He currently works for Chicago State University as an Associate Athletic Director and lives in Chicago, Illinois.

Honors[link]

Beamon is in the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, and when the United States Olympic Hall of Fame started to induct athletes in 1983, Beamon was one of the first inductees.^[9]

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Beamon, Bob, and Milana Walter Beamon. (1999). The Man Who Could Fly: The Bob Beamon Story. Columbus, MS: Genesis Press. ISBN 1-885478-89-5.
• Schaap, Dick. (1976). The Perfect Jump. New York, NY: New American Library.

External links[link]

• Youtube Video of Jump

Records
Preceded by Ralph Boston Igor Ter-Ovanesyan	Men's Long Jump World Record Holder October 18, 1968 – August 30, 1991	Succeeded by Mike Powell
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Jim Ryun	Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1968	Succeeded by Bill Toomey
Sporting positions
Preceded by Igor Ter-Ovanesyan	Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance 1968	Succeeded by Igor Ter-Ovanesyan Waldemar Stepian

Florence Griffith Joyner

Florence Griffith with President Ronald Reagan in 1988
Personal information
Full name	Florence Delorez Griffith-Joyner
Nationality	American
Born	(1959-12-21)December 21, 1959 Los Angeles, California
Died	September 21, 1998(1998-09-21) (aged 38) Mission Viejo, California
Height	1.69 m (5 ft 7 in)
Weight	59 kg (130 lb)
Sport
Country	United States
Sport	Running
Event(s)	100 meters, 200 meters
Retired	1988
Medal record Women's athletics Competitor for the  United States Olympic Games Gold 1988 Seoul 100 metres Gold 1988 Seoul 200 metres Gold 1988 Seoul 4x100 metres relay Silver 1984 Los Angeles 200 metres Silver 1988 Seoul 4x400 metres relay World Championships Gold 1987 Rome 4x100 metres relay Silver 1987 Rome 200 metres

Florence Delorez Griffith-Joyner^[1] (December 21, 1959 – September 21, 1998), also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and field athlete. She is considered the "fastest woman of all time" based on the fact that she still holds the world record for both the 100 metres and 200 metres, both set in 1988 and never seriously challenged. She died of epilepsy in 1998 at the age of 38.

Career[link]

Griffith was born in Los Angeles, California, and raised in the Jordan Downs public housing complex. During the late 1980s she became a popular figure in international track and field because of her record-setting performances and flashy personal style. She was the wife of triple jumper Al Joyner and the sister-in-law of heptathlete and long jumper Jackie Joyner-Kersee.

Griffith finished fourth in the 200 m at the inaugural World Championship in 1983. The following year she gained much more attention, though mostly because of her extremely long and colorful fingernails rather than her silver medal in the Los Angeles Olympics 200 m. In 1985, she won the final of the Grand Prix with 11.00 seconds. After the 1984 Olympics she spent less time running and married the 1984 Olympic triple jump champion Al Joyner in 1987.

Returning at the 1987 World Championships, she finished again second in the 200 m. She stunned the world when — known as a 200m runner — she ran a 100m World Record of 10.49 in the quarter-finals of the US Olympic Trials. Several sources indicate that this time was very likely wind-assisted. Although at the time of the race the wind meter at the event measured 0.0, indicating no wind, observers noted evidence of significant wind, and wind speeds up to 7 meters/second were noted at other times during the event. Since 1997 the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed this performance as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognised as a world record".^[2] Griffith-Joyner's coach later stated that he believed the 10.49 run had been aided by wind^{[citation needed]}. Outside this race, Griffith-Joyner's fastest time without wind assistance was 10.61 seconds, which would give her the world record anyway. At present, only Carmelita Jeter's best time of 10.64 seconds even approaches Griffith-Joyner's fastest time without wind assistance.

By now known to the world as "Flo-Jo", Griffith-Joyner was the big favorite for the titles in the sprint events at the 1988 Summer Olympics. In the 100 m final, she ran a wind-assisted 10.54, beating her nearest rival Evelyn Ashford by 0.3 seconds. In the 200 m semifinal, she set a world record (21.56) and then broke that record again in winning the final by 0.4 seconds with a time of 21.34. She also ran in the 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400 m relay teams. She won a gold medal in the former event and a silver in the latter (which is still the second fastest time in history behind the winner of that race), her first international 4 x 400 m relay. Her effort in the 100 m was ranked 98th in British TV Channel 4's 100 Greatest Sporting Moments in 2002. She was the 1988 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Griffith-Joyner retired from competitive sports shortly afterwards.

In 1996, Griffith-Joyner appeared on the Charlie Rose show and announced her comeback to competitive athletics, only this time in the 400m.^[3] Her rationale was she had already set world marks in both the 100 and 200 meter events, with the 400 world record being her goal. Griffith-Joyner trained steadily leading up to the June US Olympic trials; however, tendinitis in her right leg ended her hopes of becoming a triple world record holder. Al Joyner was to also attempt a comeback, but he too was unable to compete due to an injured quadriceps muscle.^[4]

Among the things she did away from the track was design the basketball uniforms for the Indiana Pacers in 1989.^[5]

Controversy[link]

Aside from whether her 1988 Olympic trial world record was wind-aided, Griffith-Joyner was dogged by rumors of drug use.

In 1988, Joaquim Cruz, Brazilian gold medalist in the 800 meters at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics claimed that Griffith-Joyner's times could only have been the result of using steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs, that her physique had changed dramatically in 1988 (showing marked gains in muscle mass and definition), and that her performance had improved dramatically over a short period of time.^[6] Before the 1988 season, Griffith Joyner's best 100 meter time was 10.96 seconds. In 1988 she improved that by 0.47 seconds (or 0.35 sec for the non-wind aided time). Similarly, her pre-1988 best at 200 meters was 21.96. In 1988 she improved that by 0.62 seconds to 21.34, another time which has not been approached. Griffith-Joyner attributed the change in her physique to new health programs.^[7] Al Joyner replaced Bob Kersee as her coach and changed her training program to include more lower body strength training exercises like squats and lunges.^[8]

She retired from competitive track and field after her 1988 Olympic triumph. Griffith-Joyner was tested during competition and did not fail any drug tests.^[9] After her death in 1998, Prince Alexandre de Merode, chairman of the International Olympic Committee's medical commission claimed that Joyner was singled out for rigorous drug testing during the 1988 Seoul Olympics because of steroid rumors. He told the New York Times that Manfred Donike at the time considered the foremost expert on drugs and sports, failed to discover even minute traces of banned substances during the testing.^[10]

Her husband stated that Griffith-Joyner was never interested in being a career sprinter, found the early nights and no-junk-food diet restrictive, and wanted to start a family as well as pursue interests in fashion design and crafts.^[8]

Death[link]

On September 21, 1998, Griffith-Joyner died in her sleep at the age of 38. The unexpected death was investigated by the sheriff-coroner's office, which announced on October 22 that the cause of death was suffocation during a severe epileptic seizure.^[11] She was also found to have had a cavernous angioma, a congenital brain abnormality that made Joyner subject to seizures.^[12] According to a family attorney, she had suffered a grand mal seizure in 1990, and had also been treated for seizures in 1993 and 1994.

Griffith-Joyner's supporters claimed that the autopsy cleared her of allegations that she used performance-enhancing drugs. The Orange County coroner's office noted that the autopsy records showed that she did not die from drugs or banned substances and that tissue and organ tests revealed none of the changes associated with recent steroid use. Her husband had requested that Griffith-Joyner's body specifically be tested for steroids, but was informed that there was not enough urine in her bladder and that the test could not accurately be performed on other biological samples.^[13]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• IAAF profile for Florence Griffith-Joyner
• USATF profile
• Florence Griffith Joyner at Find-A-Grave
• Florence Griffith Joyner is breaking 100m World Record. Video
• Florence Griffith Joyner is breaking 200m World Record. Video
• Florence Griffith-Joyner at the Internet Movie Database
• EPSN OTL: Dream Chaser - E-Ticket

Records
Preceded by Evelyn Ashford	Women's 100 m world record holder July 16, 1988 – present	Succeeded by Incumbent
Preceded by Marita Koch	Women's 200 m world record holder September 29, 1988 – present	Succeeded by Incumbent
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Steffi Graf	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1988	Succeeded by Steffi Graf
Preceded by Jackie Joyner-Kersee	Women's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1988	Succeeded by Ana Fidelia Quirot
Sporting positions
Preceded by Silke Möller	Women's 200 m best year performance 1988	Succeeded by Dawn Sowell

Carl Lewis

Carl Lewis (2009) at Save The World Awards
Personal information
Full name	Frederick Carlton Lewis
Nationality	American
Born	(1961-07-01) July 1, 1961 (age 50) Birmingham, Alabama
Residence	Medford, New Jersey
Height	1.91 m (6 ft 3 in)
Weight	81 kg (180 lb; 12.8 st)
Sport
Country	United States
Sport	Athletics
Event(s)	100 metres, 200 metres, long jump
Retired	1997
Medal record Men's athletics Competitor for the  United States Olympic Games Gold 1984 Los Angeles 100 m Gold 1984 Los Angeles 200 m Gold 1984 Los Angeles 4x100 m relay Gold 1984 Los Angeles Long jump Gold 1988 Seoul 100 m Gold 1988 Seoul Long jump Gold 1992 Barcelona 4x100 m relay Gold 1992 Barcelona Long jump Gold 1996 Atlanta Long jump Silver 1988 Seoul 200 m World Championships Gold 1983 Helsinki 100 m Gold 1983 Helsinki 4x100 m relay Gold 1983 Helsinki Long jump Gold 1987 Rome 100 m Gold 1987 Rome 4x100 m relay Gold 1987 Rome Long jump Gold 1991 Tokyo 100 m Gold 1991 Tokyo 4x100 m relay Silver 1991 Tokyo Long jump Bronze 1993 Stuttgart 200 m Pan American Games Gold 1987 Indianapolis Long jump Gold 1987 Indianapolis 4x100 m relay Bronze 1979 San Juan Long jump

Carl Lewis as an athlete at the University of Houston

Carl Lewis

Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis (born July 1, 1961) is an American former track and field athlete, who won 10 Olympic medals including 9 gold, and 10 World Championships medals, of which 8 were gold. His career spanned from 1979 when he first achieved a world ranking to 1996 when he last won an Olympic title and subsequently retired. Lewis became an actor and has appeared in a number of films.^[1][2]

Lewis was a dominant sprinter and long jumper who topped the world rankings in the 100 m, 200 m and long jump events frequently from 1981 to the early 1990s, was named Athlete of the Year by Track & Field News in 1982, 1983 and 1984, and set world records in the 100 m, 4 x 100 m and 4 x 200 m relays. His world record in the indoor long jump has stood since 1984 and his 65 consecutive victories in the long jump achieved over a span of 10 years is one of the sport’s longest undefeated streaks.

Over the course of his long athletics career, Lewis broke ten seconds for the 100 metres 15 times and twenty seconds for the 200 metres 10 times.

His lifetime accomplishments have led to numerous accolades, including being voted "Sportsman of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee and being named "Olympian of the Century" by the American sports magazine Sports Illustrated. He also helped transform track and field from its nominal amateur status to its current professional status, thus enabling athletes to have more lucrative and longer-lasting careers.

In 2011 he attempted to run for a seat as a Democrat in the New Jersey Senate, but was removed from the ballot due to the state's residency requirement.^[3]

Athletic career[link]

Emergence as a competitive athlete[link]

Frederick Carlton Lewis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on July 1, 1961, the son of William and Evelyn Lewis. The couple ran a local athletics club and this proved a crucial influence on both Carl and his sister, Carol.^[4] At age 13, Lewis started to compete in the long jump, and while attending Willingboro High School, he emerged as a promising athlete.^[5] As a junior, he was one of the top long jumpers in New Jersey, and by his senior year he was one of the top long jumpers in the world. Lewis was initially coached by his father, who coached other local athletes to elite status, including Tom Farrell, a local runner and eventual junior Olympic medalist and sub-4 minute miler. Many colleges tried to recruit Lewis, and he chose to enroll at the University of Houston where Tom Tellez was coach. Tellez would thereafter remain Lewis’ coach for his entire career. Days after graduating from high school in 1979, Lewis broke the high school long jump record with a leap of 8.13 m (26 ft 8 in).^[6]

Lewis immediately decided to make a living off his athletic abilities, even though track and field was nominally an amateur sport. Upon meeting Tellez for the first time after arriving at the University of Houston in the fall of 1979, Lewis said, “I want to be a millionaire and I don’t ever want a real job.”^[7] At year’s end, Lewis achieved his first world ranking as tabulated by Track and Field News, an American publication and self-described “Bible of the Sport.”^[8] He was 5th^[9] in the world in the long jump. (All subsequent ranking references are according to Track and Field News.)

Lewis qualified for the American team for the 1980 Olympics in the long jump and as a member of the 4 x 100 m relay team. Though his focus was on the long jump, he was now starting to emerge as a sprint talent. The Olympic boycott meant that Lewis did not compete in Moscow. However, he did compete at the Liberty Bell Classic in July 1980, an alternate meet for boycotting nations. He jumped 7.77 m there for a Bronze medal, and the American 4 x 100 m relay team won Gold with a time of 38.61 sec.^[10] At year’s end, Lewis was ranked 6th^[9] in the world in the long jump and 7th^[11] in the 100 m.

Breakthrough in 1981 and 1982[link]

In 1981, Lewis started to emerge as a dominant sprinter and long jumper.

At the start of 1981, Lewis’ best legal long jump was his high school record from 1979. On June 20, Lewis improved his personal best by almost half a meter by leaping 8.62 m (28 ft 3 in) at the TAC Championships while still a teenager.^[12] The jump made Lewis the number two long jumper in history, behind only Bob Beamon, and holder of the low-altitude record.

While marks set at the thinner air of high altitude are eligible for world records, some purists feel that there is some “taint” to the assistance that altitude gives to athletes in sprinting and jumping events.^[13] Lewis was determined to set his records at sea level venues to avoid this “taint.” In response to a question about him skipping a 1982 long jump competition at altitude, he said, “I want the record and I plan to get it, but not at altitude. I don’t want that ‘(A)’ [for altitude] after the mark.”^[14] When he gained prominence in the early 1980s, all the extant men’s sprint records and the long jump record had been set at the high altitude of Mexico City.

Also in 1981, Lewis became the fastest 100 m sprinter in the world. His relatively modest best from 1979 (10.67 s) improved to a world-class 10.21 the next year. But 1981 saw him run 10.00 s at the Southwest Conference Championships in Dallas on May 16, a time that was the third-fastest in history and stood as the low-altitude record.^[15] For the first time, Lewis was ranked number one in the world, in both the 100 m and the long jump. He won his first of six National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titles for the University of Houston and won his first national titles in the 100 m and long jump. Additionally, he won the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States.^[16] His loss to Larry Myricks at the TAC Indoor Championships in February would stand as his last loss in the long jump for more than a decade.

Since it was rare for an athlete to compete in and dominate both a track and a field event, comparisons were made to Jesse Owens, who dominated sprint and long jump events in the 1930s.^[17]

In 1982, Lewis continued his dominance, and for the first time, it seemed someone might challenge Bob Beamon’s world record of 8.90 m in the long jump set at the 1968 Olympics, a mark often described as one of the greatest athletic achievements ever.^[18][19] Before Lewis, 28 feet [8.53 m] had been exceeded on two occasions by two people: Beamon and 1980 Olympic champion Lutz Dombrowski. During 1982, Lewis cleared 8.53 m five times outdoors, twice more indoors, going as far as 8.76 m (28 ft 9 in) at Indianapolis on July 24.^[20] He also ran 10.00 s in the 100 m, the world’s fastest time, matching his low-altitude record from 1981. [ibid, p. 20] He achieved his 10.00 s clocking the same weekend he leapt 8.61 m twice, and the day he recorded his new low-altitude record 8.76 m at Indianapolis, he had three fouls with his toe barely over the board, two of which seemed to exceed Beamon’s record, the third which several observers said reached 30 ft (about 9.15 m). Some say Lewis should have been credited with setting a world record with that jump, claiming the track officials misinterpreted the rules on fouls.^[21]

He repeated his number one ranking in the 100 m and long jump, and ranked number six in the 200 m. Additionally, he was named Athlete of the Year by Track and Field News. From 1981 until 1992, Lewis topped the 100 m ranking six times (seven if Ben Johnson's 1987 top ranking is ignored), and ranked no lower than third.^[11] His dominance in the long jump was even greater, as he topped the rankings nine times during the same period, and ranked second in the other years.^[9]

1983 and the inaugural World Championships[link]

For the first time, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the governing body of track and field, organized a World Championships, an event which would prove to be one of the biggest sporting events of the year worldwide. The championships boasted a then record number of participating countries for a sporting event (154), more than even the Olympics which had been plagued by politically motivated boycotts in its two previous celebrations and which would suffer another one in 1984.

At the World Championships, Lewis’ chief rival in the long jump was predicted to be the man who last beat him: Larry Myricks. But though Myricks had joined Lewis in surpassing 28 feet [8.53 m] the year before, he failed to qualify for the American team, and Lewis won at Helsinki with relative ease. His winning leap of 8.55 m defeated silver medalist Jason Grimes by 26 cm.^[22]

He also won the 100 m with relative ease. There, Calvin Smith who had earlier that year set a new world record in the 100 m at altitude with a 9.93 s performance, was soundly beaten by Lewis 10.07 s to 10.21 s.^[23] Smith won the 200 m title,^[24] an event which Lewis had not entered, but even there he was partly in Lewis’ shadow as Lewis had set an American record in that event earlier that year. He won the 200 m June 19 at the TAC/Mobil Championships in 19.75 s, the second-fastest time in history and the low-altitude record, only 0.03 s behind Pietro Mennea’s 1979 mark. Observers here noted that Lewis probably could have broken the world record if he didn't ease off in the final metres to raise his arms in celebration.^[25] see the end of the race in this video. Finally, Lewis ran the anchor in the 4 x 100 m relay, winning in 37.86 s, a new world record and the first in Lewis’ career.^[26]

Lewis’ year-best performances in the 100 m and long jump were not at the World Championships, but at other meets. He became the first person to run a sub-10 second 100 m at low-altitude with a 9.97 s clocking at Modesto May 14.^[27][28] His gold at the World Championships and his other fast times earned him the number one ranking in the world that year, despite Calvin Smith's world record. At the TAC Championships on June 19, he set a new low-altitude record in the long jump, 8.79 m,^[25] and earned the world number one ranking^[29] in that event. He was ranked number two in the 200 m despite his low-altitude record of 19.75 s, as Smith had won gold at Helsinki and titles won usually outweigh marks set for the rankers at Track and Field News. Lewis was again named Athlete of the Year by the magazine.

1984 Olympics and the quest to equal Jesse Owens[link]

Carl Lewis at the 1984 Olympics

Lewis was one of the biggest sporting celebrities in the world by the start of 1984, but owing to track and field’s relatively low profile in America, Lewis was not nearly as well known there. The 1984 Olympic games in Los Angeles would make Lewis a household name in America.

Lewis and agent Joe Douglas, founder and manager of the Santa Monica Track Club of which Lewis was a member, frequently discussed his wish to match Jesse Owens' feat of winning four gold medals at a single Olympic Games and to “cash in” afterward with the lucrative endorsement deals which surely would follow. As it turned out, his first goal would prove to be far easier accomplished than his latter goal, at least in America.

Lewis started his quest to match Owens with a convincing win in the 100 m, running 9.99 s to handily defeat his nearest competitor, fellow American Sam Graddy, by .20 s. In his next event, the long jump, Lewis won with relative ease. But his approach to winning this event stoked controversy, even as knowledgeable observers agreed his approach was the correct one.^[30] Since Lewis still had heats and finals in the 200 m and the 4 x 100 m relay to compete in, he chose to take as few jumps as necessary to win the event. He risked injury in the cool conditions of the day if he over-extended himself, and his ultimate goal to win four golds might be at risk. His first jump at 8.54 m was, he knew, sufficient to win the event. He took one more jump, a foul, then passed his remaining four allotted jumps. He handily won gold, as silver medalist Gary Honey of Australia's best jump was 8.24 m. But the public was generally unaware of the intricacies of the sport and had been repeatedly told by the media of Lewis’ quest to surpass Bob Beamon’s legendary long jump record of 8.90 m. Lewis himself had often stated it was a goal of his to surpass the mark. A television ad with Beamon appeared before the final, featuring the record-holder saying, “I hope you make it, kid.”^[31] So, when Lewis decided not to make any more attempts to try to break the record, he was roundly booed. When asked about those boos, Lewis said, "I was shocked at first. But after I thought about it, I realized that they were booing because they wanted to see more of Carl Lewis. I guess that's flattering."^[32]

His third gold medal came in the 200 m, where he again won handily in a time of 19.80 s, a new Olympic record. And finally, he won his fourth gold when the 4 x 100 m relay team he anchored finished in a time of 37.83 s, a new world record eclipsing the record he helped set the year before at the World Championships.

Lack of endorsements and public perception[link]

Lewis had achieved what he had set out to do. He had matched Jesse Owens’ legendary feat of winning four gold medals at the 1936 Olympics, and he had done so with relative ease. However, Lewis had also expected to win lucrative endorsement deals, but few if any were forthcoming in America. The long jump controversy was one reason. And, Lewis’ self-congratulatory conduct did not impress several other track stars. "He rubs it in too much," said Edwin Moses, twice Olympic gold medalist in the 400 m hurdles. "A little humility is in order. That's what Carl lacks."^[33] Further, Lewis’ agent Joe Douglas compared him to pop star Michael Jackson, a comparison which did not go over well. Douglas said he was inaccurately quoted, but the impression that Lewis was aloof and egotistical was firmly planted in the public’s perception by the end of the 1984 Olympic Games.^[34]

Additionally, rumors at the time that Lewis was gay circulated, and though Lewis denied the rumors, they probably hurt his marketability as well. Lewis’ look at the Games, with a flat-top haircut and flamboyant clothing, added fuel to the reports. "It doesn't matter what Carl Lewis's sexuality is," high jumper Dwight Stones said. "Madison Avenue perceives him as homosexual."^[35] Coca-Cola had offered a lucrative deal to Lewis before the Olympics, but Lewis and Douglas turned it down, confident that Lewis would be worth more after the Olympics. But Coke rescinded the offer after the Games. Nike had Lewis under contract for several years already, despite questions about how it affected his amateur status, and he was appearing in Nike television ads, in print, and on billboards. After the Games and faced with Lewis’ new negative image, Nike dropped him. "If you're a male athlete, I think the American public wants you to look macho," said Don Coleman, a Nike representative.^[34] "They started looking for ways to get rid of me," Lewis said. "Everyone there was so scared and so cynical they didn't know what to do." Lewis himself would lay the blame on some inaccurate reporting, especially the “Carl bashing,” as he put it, typified by a Sports Illustrated article before the Olympics.^[36]

At year’s end, Lewis was again awarded the top rankings in the 100 m and the long jump and was additionally ranked number one in the 200 m. And for the third year in a row, he was awarded the Athlete of the Year title by Track & Field News.

Lewis was drafted in the 10th round of the 1984 NBA Draft by the Chicago Bulls (the draft where the Bulls selected Michael Jordan with the number 3 pick). He never played a game in the NBA. He was also drafted in the 12th round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Dallas Cowboys as a wide receiver. He was never signed.

Ben Johnson emerges as a challenger[link]

After the Los Angeles Olympics, Lewis continued to dominate track and field, especially in the long jump, an event he would not lose at for seven more years, but others started to challenge his dominance in the 100 m sprint. His low-altitude record had been surpassed by fellow American Mel Lattany with a time of 9.96 s shortly before the 1984 Olympics,^[37] but his biggest challenger would prove to be Canadian Ben Johnson, the bronze medalist behind Lewis at the 1984 Olympics. Johnson would beat Lewis once in 1985, but Lewis also lost to others, while winning most of his races. Lewis retained his number one rank that year; Johnson would place second.^[11] In 1986, Johnson defeated Lewis convincingly at the Goodwill Games in Moscow, clocking a new low-altitude record of 9.95 s. At year’s end, Johnson was ranked number one, while Lewis slipped to number three having lost more races than he won. He even seemed vulnerable in the long jump, an event he didn’t lose in 1986, or the year before, though he competed sparingly. Lewis ended up ranked second behind Soviet Robert Emmiyan, who had the longest legal jump of the year at 8.61 m.^[9]

1987 World Championships[link]

The 1987 World Championships in Athletics in Rome saw Lewis regain the form he had in 1984, though he lost the biggest race of the year to Johnson.

To focus on his strongest event, the long jump, Lewis skipped the 200 m and made sure to take all his attempts. This was not to answer critics from the 1984 long jump controversy; this was because history’s second 29 ft long-jumper was in the field. Robert Emmiyan had leaped 8.86 m (29 ft 1 in) at altitude in May, just 4 cm short of Bob Beamon’s record.^[38] But Emmiyan's best was an 8.53 m leap that day, second to Lewis's 8.67 m. Lewis cleared 8.60 m four times.^[39] In the 4 x 100 m relay, Lewis anchored the gold-medal team to time of 37.90 s, the third-fastest of all time.^[40]

The event which was most talked about and which caused the most drama was the 100 m final. Johnson had run under 10.00 s three times that year before Rome,^[41] while Lewis had not managed to get under the 10.00 s barrier at all. But Lewis looked strong in the heats of the 100 m, setting a Championship record in the semi-final while running into a wind with a 10.03 s effort. In the final, however, Johnson won with a time which stunned observers: 9.83 s, a new world record. Lewis, second with 9.93 s, had tied the existing world record, but that was insufficient.^[42]

While Johnson basked in the glory of his achievement, Lewis started to explain away his defeat. He first claimed that Johnson had false-started, then he alluded to a stomach virus which had weakened him, and finally, without naming names, said “There are a lot of people coming out of nowhere. I don’t think they are doing it without drugs.” He added, “I could run 9.8 or faster in the 100 if I could jump into drugs right away.”^[43] This was the start of Lewis’ calling on the sport of track and field to be cleaned up in terms of the illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Cynics noted that the problem had been in the sport for many years, and it only become a cause for Lewis once he was actually defeated. In response to the accusations, Johnson replied "When Carl Lewis was winning everything, I never said a word against him. And when the next guy comes along and beats me, I won’t complain about that either".^[44]

The 1988 Olympics[link]

Lewis not only lost the most publicized showdown in track and field in 1987, he also lost his father. When William McKinley Lewis Jr. died, Lewis placed the gold medal he won for the 100 m in 1984 in his hand to be buried with him. "Don't worry,” he told his mother. “I'll get another one.”^[45] Lewis repeatedly referred to his father as a motivating factor for the 1988 season. “A lot happened to me last year, especially the death of my father. That caused me to re-educate myself to being the very best I possibly can be this season,” he said, after defeating Johnson in Zürich August 17.^[46]

The defeat of Johnson shortly before the Olympics was part of a year-long grudge match between the two athletes. The Johnson camp had angrily defended their star against Lewis's (ultimately correct) drug accusations,^[43] but they also scrambled to prepare Johnson after he suffered a hamstring injury during the indoor season. When Lewis defeated Johnson in their first meeting since Rome’s World Championships, the drama for the Olympics only heightened. Lewis had run 9.93 s, the same time he ran when finishing second to Johnson the previous year. Johnson ran 10.00 s, indicating he was recovering from his injury, but not answering the question whether he’d be ready for the Olympic final a bit more than a month away.

The 100 m final at the 1988 Olympics was one of the most-hyped sports stories of the year; its dramatic outcome would rank as one of the most infamous sports stories of the century.^[47] Johnson won in 9.79 s, a new world record, while Lewis set a new American record with 9.92 s. Three days later, Johnson tested positive for steroids, his medal was taken away and Lewis was awarded gold and credited with a new Olympic record.^[48]

In the long jump, Robert Emmiyan withdrew from the competition citing an injury, and Lewis’ main challengers were rising American long jump star Mike Powell and long-time rival Larry Myricks. Lewis leapt 8.72 m, a low-altitude Olympic best, and none of his competitors could match it. The Americans swept the medals in the event for the first time in 84 years. [ibid, p. 41] In the 200 m, Lewis dipped under his Olympic record from 1984, running 19.79 s, but did so in second place to Joe DeLoach, who claimed the new record and Olympic gold in 19.75 s. [ibid, p. 13] In the final event he entered, the 4 x 100 m relay, Lewis never made it to the track as the Americans fumbled an exchange in a heat and were disqualified. [ibid, p. 32]

A subsequent honor would follow: Lewis eventually was credited with the 100 m world record for the 9.92 s he ran in Seoul. Though Ben Johnson's 9.79 s time was never ratified as a world record, the 9.83 s he ran the year before was. However, in the fallout to the steroid scandal, an inquiry was called in Canada wherein Johnson admitted under oath to long-time steroid use. The IAAF subsequently stripped Johnson of his record and gold medal from the World Championships. Lewis was deemed to be the world record holder for his 1988 Olympic performance and declared the 1987 100 m World Champion. The IAAF also declared that Lewis had also, therefore, twice tied the "true" world record (9.93 s) for his 1987 World Championship performance, and again at the 1988 Zürich meet where he defeated Johnson. However, those times were never ratified as records.^[49] From January 1, 1990, Lewis was the world record holder in the 100 m.^[50] The record did not last long, as fellow American and University of Houston teammate Leroy Burrell ran 9.90 s on June 14, 1991, to break Lewis's mark. Lewis also lost his ranking as number one sprinter in 1989 and 1990 though still remaining undefeated in the long jump.

The 1991 World Championships: Lewis’ greatest performances[link]

Tokyo was the venue for the 1991 World Championships. In the 100 m final, Lewis faced the two men who ranked number one in the world the past two years: Burrell and Jamaican Raymond Stewart.^[11] In what would be the deepest 100 metres race ever to that time, with six men finishing in under ten seconds, Lewis not only defeated his opponents, he reclaimed the world record with a clocking of 9.86 s.^[51] Though previously a world-record holder in this event, this was the first time he had crossed the line with “WR” beside his name on the giant television screens, and the first time he could savour his achievement at the moment it occurred. He could be seen with tears in his eyes afterwards. "The best race of my life," Lewis said. "The best technique, the fastest. And I did it at thirty."^[33] Lewis's world record would stand for nearly three years.^[49] Lewis additionally anchored the 4 x100 m relay team to another world record, 37.50 s, the third time that year he had anchored a 4 x 100 m squad to a world record.

Long jump showdown versus Powell[link]

The 1991 World Championships are perhaps best remembered for the long jump final, considered by some to have been one of greatest competitions ever in any sport.^[52][53]

Lewis was up against his main rival of the last few years, Mike Powell, the silver medalist in the event from the 1988 Olympics and the top-ranked long jumper of 1990. Lewis had at that point not lost a long jump competition in a decade, winning 65 consecutive meets. Powell had been unable to defeat Lewis, despite sometimes putting in jumps near world-record territory, only to see them ruled fouls.^[54] Or, as with other competitors such as Larry Myricks, putting in leaps which Lewis himself had only rarely surpassed, only to see Lewis surpass them on his next or final attempt.^[55][56] Lewis's first jump was 8.68 m (28 feet, 5 ¾ inches), a World Championship record, and a mark bested by only three others beside Lewis all-time. Powell, jumping first, had faltered in the first round, but jumped 8.54 m to claim second place in the second round. Myricks was also in the competition, but he didn’t challenge the leaders.

Lewis jumped 8.83 m (28–11½), a wind-aided leap, in the third round, a mark which would have won every long jump competition in history save two. Powell responded with a long foul, estimated to be around 8.80 m. Lewis's next jump made history: The first leap ever beyond Bob Beamon's record. The wind gauge indicated that it was a wind-aided jump, so it could not be considered a record, but it would still count in the competition. 8.91 m (29–2¾) was the greatest leap ever under any condition. Now, only a world record could defeat Lewis.

In the next round, Powell responded. His jump was measured as 8.95 m (29–4½); this time, his jump was not a foul, and with a wind gauge measurement of 0.3 m/s, well within the legal allowable for a record. Powell had not only jumped 4 cm further than Lewis, he had eclipsed the 23-year-old mark set by Bob Beamon and done so at low altitude.

Lewis still had two jumps left, though he was now no longer chasing Beamon, but Powell. He leaped 8.87 m (29–1¼), which was a new personal best under legal wind conditions, then a final jump of 8.84 m (29–0). He thus lost his first long jump competition in a decade.^[57] Powell's 8.95 m and Lewis's final two jumps still stand as of October 2011 as the top three low altitude jumps ever. The farthest anyone has jumped since under legal conditions is 8.74 m.^[58]

Lewis’ reaction to what was one of the greatest competitions ever in the sport^[53] was to offer only grudging acknowledgment of the achievement of Powell. "He just did it," Lewis said of Powell's winning jump. "It was that close, and it was the best of his life, and he may never do it again."^[59] Powell did jump as far or farther on two subsequent occasions, though both were wind-aided jumps at altitude: 8.99 m in 1992 and 8.95 m in 1994.^[60] Lewis's best subsequent results were two wind-aided leaps at 8.72 m, and a 8.68 m under legal conditions while in the qualifying rounds at the Barcelona Olympics. ^[61]

In reference to his efforts at the 1991 World Championships, Lewis said, “This has been the greatest meet that I’ve ever had.”^[62] Track and Field News was prepared to go even further than that, suggesting that after these Championships, “It had become hard to argue that he is not the greatest athlete ever to set foot on track or field.”^[62]

Lewis credits his outstanding 1991 results in part to the vegan diet he adopted in 1990.^[63]

Lewis's 1991 outstanding results earned him the ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year, an award he shared with gymnastics star Kim Zmeskal.

The 1992 Olympics and 1993 World Championships[link]

After the heights reached in 1991, Lewis started to lose his dominance in both the sprints and the long jump. Though he anchored a world record 1:19.11 in the rarely run 4 x 200 m relay with the Santa Monica Track Club early in 1992,^[64] he failed to qualify for the Olympic team in the 100 m or 200 m. In the latter race, he finished fourth at the Olympic trials behind rising star Michael Johnson who set a personal best of 19.79 s. It was the first time the two had ever met on the track.^[65] Lewis did, however, qualify for the long jump, finishing second behind Powell, and was eligible for the 4 x 100 m relay team.

At the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Lewis jumped 8.67 m in the first round of the long jump, beating Powell who did a final-round 8.64 m. In the 4 x 100 m relay, Lewis anchored another world record, in 37.40 s, a time which stood for 16 years. He covered the final leg in 8.85 seconds, the fastest officially recorded anchor leg ever until surpassed by Asafa Powell in 2007 with 8.84.^{[citation needed]}

Lewis competed at the 4th World Championships in Stuttgart in 1993, but finished fourth in the 100 m,^[66] and did not compete in the long jump. He did, however, earn his first World Championship medal in the 200 m, a bronze with his 19.99 s performance.^[67] That medal would prove to be his final Olympic or World Championship medal in a running event. Injuries kept Lewis largely sidelined for next few years, then he made a comeback for the 1996 season.

The 1996 Olympics[link]

Lewis qualified for the American Olympic team for the fifth time in the long jump, the only time an American man has done so.^[68] At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, injuries to world-record holder Mike Powell and the leading long-jumper in the world, Iván Pedroso, affected their performances. Lewis, on the other hand, was in good form. Though he did not match past performances, his third-round leap of 8.50 m won gold by 21 cm over second-place James Beckford of Jamaica.^[69] He became one of only three Olympians to win the same individual event four times,^[70] joining Danish sailor Paul Elvstrøm and discus thrower Al Oerter of the United States. Additionally, Lewis’ ninth gold medal tied him for first on the list of multiple Olympic gold medalists with Paavo Nurmi, Larisa Latynina and Mark Spitz. American swimmer Michael Phelps has since surpassed Lewis' shared record.^[71]

Lewis' 8.50 meter jump was also officially declared tied with Larry Myricks for the masters record for the 35–39 age group.^[72]

Controversy struck when as Track and Field News put it, “Lewis’ pissy attitude in the whole relay hoo-hah a few days later served only to take the luster off his final gold.”^[69] After Lewis’ unexpected long jump gold, it was noted that he could become the athlete with the most Olympic gold medals if he entered the 4 x 100 m relay team. Any member of the American Olympic men’s track and field team could be used, even if they had not qualified for the relay event. Lewis said, “If they asked me, I’d run it in a second. But they haven’t asked me to run it.” He further suggested on Larry King Live that viewers phone the United States Olympic Committee to weigh in on the situation. Lewis had skipped the mandatory relay training camp and demanded to run the anchor leg, which added to the debate. The final decision was to not add Lewis to the team. Olympic team coach Erv Hunt said, “The basis of their [the relay team’s] opinion was ‘We want to run, we worked our butts off and we deserve to be here.’” [ibid, p. 31] The American relay team finished second behind Canada, the first time an American 4 x 100 m men’s relay team had been defeated in an Olympic final. The Canadian team was anchored by Donovan Bailey, who days earlier set a world record in the 100 m, and the Canadians ran the fastest time ever recorded in America.

Lewis retired from track and field in 1997.

In 1999, Lewis was voted "Sportsman of the Century" by the International Olympic Committee,^[73] elected "World Athlete of the Century" by the International Association of Athletics Federations^[74] and named "Olympian of the Century" by Sports Illustrated.^[19] In 2000 his alma mater University of Houston named the Carl Lewis International Complex after him.

Stimulant use[link]

In 2003, Dr. Wade Exum, the United States Olympic Committee's director of drug control administration from 1991 to 2000, gave copies of documents to Sports Illustrated which revealed that some 100 American athletes who failed drug tests and should have been prevented from competing in the Olympics were nevertheless cleared to compete. Among those athletes was Lewis.^[75]

It was revealed that Lewis tested positive three times before the 1988 Olympics for pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, banned stimulants and bronchodilators also found in cold medication, and had been banned from the Seoul Olympics and from competition for six months. The USOC accepted his claim of inadvertent use and overturned the decision. Fellow Santa Monica Track Club teammates Joe DeLoach and Floyd Heard were also found to have the same banned stimulants in their systems, and were cleared to compete for the same reason.^[76][77]

The positive results occurred at the Olympic Trials in July 1988 where athletes were required to declare on the drug-testing forms "over-the-counter medication, prescription drugs and any other substances you have taken by mouth, injection or by suppository."

"Carl did nothing wrong. There was never intent. He was never told, you violated the rules," said Martin D. Singer, Lewis's lawyer, who also said that Lewis had inadvertently taken the banned stimulants in an over-the-counter herbal remedy.^[78] "The only thing I can say is I think it's unfortunate what Wade Exum is trying to do," said Lewis. "I don't know what people are trying to make out of nothing because everyone was treated the same, so what are we talking about? I don't get it."^[79] The International Olympic Committee's medical commission chairman, Arne Ljungqvist, said the Exum documents "fit a pattern" of failure to report on positive drug cases.

Achievements[link]

• Lewis is the only man to defend an Olympic 100 meter or long jump title successfully.

• The Chicago Bulls drafted Lewis in the 1984 NBA Draft as the 208th overall pick, although he had played neither high school nor college basketball. Lewis never played in the NBA. A poll on the NBA's website ranked Lewis second to Lusia Harris, the only woman to be drafted by the NBA, as the most unusual pick in the history of the NBA Draft.^[80]

• Though he did not play football in college, Lewis was drafted as a wide receiver in the 12th round of the 1984 NFL Draft by the Dallas Cowboys. He never played in the NFL.^[81]

Personal best marks[link]

• 100 m: 9.86 s (1991)
• 200 m: 19.75 s (1983)
• Long jump: 8.87 m (29 ft 1¼ in) 1991, w 8.91 m (29 ft 2¾ in) 1991
• 4x100 m relay: 37.40 s (United States – Marsh; Burrell; Mitchell; Lewis – 1992)
• 4x200 m relay: 1:18.68 min (Santa Monica Track Club – Marsh; Burrell; Heard; Lewis – 1994; current world record)

Career outside athletics[link]

Film and television[link]

Lewis has appeared in numerous films and television productions. Among them, he played himself in cameos in Perfect Strangers and Speed Zone!, Alien Hunter and was seen in Material Girls. Lewis made an appearance on The Weakest Link.

In 2011 Lewis appeared in the short documentary Challenging Impossibility which features the feats of strength demonstrated by the late spiritual teacher and peace advocate Sri Chinmoy.^[82]

Bid for New Jersey State Senate[link]

On April 11, 2011, Lewis filed petitions to run as a Democrat for New Jersey Senate in the state's 8th legislative district in Burlington County.^[83] Two weeks later he was disqualified by Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno, a Republican acting in her role as the secretary of state, who decided he did not meet the state's requirement that Senate candidates live in New Jersey for four years.^[84] Lewis successfully appealed her decision in the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, but after a challenge by Burlington County Republicans, the court reversed its decision and Lewis withdrew his name.^[85]

Personal life[link]

Lewis’ mother Evelyn was an Olympian who competed at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki in the 80 m hurdles.^[7] Carl's sister Carol Lewis was also an Olympian, finishing 9th in the long jump at the 1984 Olympics, and earning a bronze medal in the same event at the 1983 World Championships. She additionally set two American records in the long jump in 1985. She has been a television broadcast announcer for a number of years.

Lewis is vegan. He reached the top of his career aged thirty on a vegan diet which he has claimed is better suited to him because he can eat a larger quantity without affecting his athleticism^{[citation needed]} and he believes that switching to a vegan diet can lead to improved athletic performance.^[86]

In 2007, Lewis became an official supporter of Ronald McDonald House Charities and is a member of their celebrity board, called the Friends of RMHC.^[87]

On October 16, 2009, Lewis was nominated a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.^[88]

Since 1993, Lewis has suffered from arthritis.^[89]

2008 Formula One driver's champion Lewis Carl Hamilton, born a few months after Carl Lewis's success in 1984 Olympics, was named after him.^[90]

In 2011, he appeared as a guest on the ESPN television show College GameDay when it was broadcast live from his alma mater, the University of Houston.

In pop culture[link]

In 1993, Lewis gained notoriety for his off-key performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" before an NBA game between the Chicago Bulls and New Jersey Nets.

Lewis is mentioned in the N.W.A. song "100 Miles and Runnin'", by rapper Eazy-E. He is also mentioned in the rap song "Nobody Beats the Biz" by Biz Markie.

In the season 5 episode of The Office "The Duel", Micheal Scott refers to Carl Lewis after he runs down the street using a speed enforcement camera to measure his running speed at 12MPH.

See also[link]

• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Carl Lewis

• New Jersey State Senate Campaign website
• Official website
• IAAF profile for Carl Lewis
• Olympiad Results for Carl Lewis
• Carl Lewis at the Internet Movie Database
• Music video for 'Break It Up'
• Guardian story about Lewis and alleged USOC doping cover-up
• Carl Lewis on Being Vegan

Links to related articles Awards and achievements Preceded by Sebastian Coe Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1982–1984 Succeeded by Saïd Aouita Preceded by Daley Thompson United Press International Athlete of the Year 1983, 1984 Succeeded by Steve Cram Preceded by John T. Smith USOC Sportsman of the Year 1991 Succeeded by Pablo Morales Preceded by Hassiba Boulmerka Prince of Asturias Award for Sports 1996 Succeeded by Spanish Marathon team Sporting positions Preceded by Lutz Dombrowski Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance 1981–1985 Succeeded by Robert Emmiyan Preceded by Mike Miller Men's 200 m Best Year Performance 1983–1984 Succeeded by Lorenzo Daniel Preceded by Floyd Heard Men's 200 m Best Year Performance 1987 Succeeded by Joe DeLoach Preceded by Robert Emmiyan Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance 1988 Succeeded by Larry Myricks Preceded by Mike Powell Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance 1992 Succeeded by Mike Powell v t e Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year 1931: Pepper Martin 1932: Gene Sarazen 1933: Carl Hubbell 1934: Dizzy Dean 1935: Joe Louis 1936: Jesse Owens 1937: Don Budge 1938: Don Budge 1939: Nile Kinnick 1940: Tom Harmon 1941: Joe DiMaggio 1942: Frank Sinkwich 1943: Gunder Hägg 1944: Byron Nelson 1945: Byron Nelson 1946: Glenn Davis 1947: Johnny Lujack 1948: Lou Boudreau 1949: Leon Hart 1950: Jim Konstanty 1951: Dick Kazmaier 1952: Bob Mathias 1953: Ben Hogan 1954: Willie Mays 1955: Howard Cassady 1956: Mickey Mantle 1957: Ted Williams 1958: Herb Elliot 1959: Ingemar Johansson 1960: Rafer Johnson 1961: Roger Maris 1962: Maury Wills 1963: Sandy Koufax 1964: Don Schollander 1965: Sandy Koufax 1966: Frank Robinson 1967: Carl Yastrzemski 1968: Denny McLain 1969: Tom Seaver 1970: George Blanda 1971: Lee Trevino 1972: Mark Spitz 1973: O. J. Simpson 1974: Muhammad Ali 1975: Fred Lynn 1976: Bruce Jenner 1977: Steve Cauthen 1978: Ron Guidry 1979: Willie Stargell 1980: U.S. Olympic Hockey Team 1981: John McEnroe 1982: Wayne Gretzky 1983: Carl Lewis 1984: Carl Lewis 1985: Dwight Gooden 1986: Larry Bird 1987: Ben Johnson 1988: Orel Hershiser 1989: Joe Montana 1990: Joe Montana 1991: Michael Jordan 1992: Michael Jordan 1993: Michael Jordan 1994: George Foreman 1995: Cal Ripken, Jr. 1996: Michael Johnson 1997: Tiger Woods 1998: Mark McGwire 1999: Tiger Woods 2000: Tiger Woods 2001: Barry Bonds 2002: Lance Armstrong 2003: Lance Armstrong 2004: Lance Armstrong 2005: Lance Armstrong 2006: Tiger Woods 2007: Tom Brady 2008: Michael Phelps 2009: Jimmie Johnson 2010: Drew Brees 2011: Aaron Rodgers v t e Dallas Cowboys 1984 NFL Draft selections Billy Cannon, Jr. • Victor Scott • Fred Cornwell • Steve DeOssie • Steve Pelluer • Norm Granger • Eugene Lockhart • Joe Levelis • Ed Martin • Mike Revell • John Hunt • Neil Maune • Brian Salonen • Dowe Aughtman • Carl Lewis Draft years: 1979  • 1980  • 1981  • 1982  • 1983  • 1984  • 1985  • 1986  • 1987  • 1988  • 1989  • 1990  • 1991  • 1992  • 1993  • 1994  • 1995  • 1996  • 1997  • 1998  • 1999  • 2000  • 2001  • 2002  • 2003  • 2004  • 2005  • 2006  • 2007  • 2008  • 2009  • 2010  • 2011  • 2012 v t e Olympic Champions in Men's 100 m 1896: Thomas Burke (USA) 1900: Frank Jarvis (USA) 1904: Archie Hahn (USA) 1908: Reggie Walker (RSA) 1912: Ralph Craig (USA) 1920: Charlie Paddock (USA) 1924: Harold Abrahams (GBR) 1928: Percy Williams (CAN) 1932: Eddie Tolan (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens (USA) 1948: Harrison Dillard (USA) 1952: Lindy Remigino (USA) 1956: Bobby Morrow (USA) 1960: Armin Hary (GER) 1964: Bob Hayes (USA) 1968: Jim Hines (USA) 1972: Valeriy Borzov (URS) 1976: Hasely Crawford (TRI) 1980: Allan Wells (GBR) 1984: Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Carl Lewis (USA) 1992: Linford Christie (GBR) 1996: Donovan Bailey (CAN) 2000: Maurice Greene (USA) 2004: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2008: Usain Bolt (JAM) v t e Olympic Champions in Men's 200 m 1900: Walter Tewksbury (USA) 1904: Archie Hahn (USA) 1908: Robert Kerr (CAN) 1912: Ralph Craig (USA) 1920: Allen Woodring (USA) 1924: Jackson Scholz (USA) 1928: Percy Williams (CAN) 1932: Eddie Tolan (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens (USA) 1948: Mel Patton (USA) 1952: Andy Stanfield (USA) 1956: Bobby Morrow (USA) 1960: Livio Berruti (ITA) 1964: Henry Carr (USA) 1968: Tommie Smith (USA) 1972: Valeriy Borzov (URS) 1976: Don Quarrie (JAM) 1980: Pietro Mennea (ITA) 1984: Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Joe DeLoach (USA) 1992: Michael Marsh (USA) 1996: Michael Johnson (USA) 2000: Konstantinos Kenteris (GRE) 2004: Shawn Crawford (USA) 2008: Usain Bolt (JAM) v t e Olympic Champions in Men's Long Jump 1896: Ellery Harding Clark (USA) 1900: Alvin Kraenzlein (USA) 1904: Myer Prinstein (USA) 1908: Frank Irons (USA) 1912: Albert Gutterson (USA) 1920: William Petersson (SWE) 1924: DeHart Hubbard (USA) 1928: Ed Hamm (USA) 1932: Ed Gordon (USA) 1936: Jesse Owens (USA) 1948: Willie Steele (USA) 1952: Jerome Biffle (USA) 1956: Greg Bell (USA) 1960: Ralph Boston (USA) 1964: Lynn Davies (GBR) 1968: Bob Beamon (USA) 1972: Randy Williams (USA) 1976: Arnie Robinson (USA) 1980: Lutz Dombrowski (GDR) 1984: Carl Lewis (USA) 1988: Carl Lewis (USA) 1992: Carl Lewis (USA) 1996: Carl Lewis (USA) 2000: Iván Pedroso (CUB) 2004: Dwight Phillips (USA) 2008: Irving Saladino (PAN) v t e Olympic Champions in Men's 4×100 m Relay 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 1984 United States Sam Graddy, Ron Brown, Calvin Smith & Carl Lewis 1992 United States Mike Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell & Carl Lewis v t e World Champions in Men's 100 m 1983: Carl Lewis (USA) 1987: Carl Lewis (USA) 1991: Carl Lewis (USA) 1993: Linford Christie (GBR) 1995: Donovan Bailey (CAN) 1997: Maurice Greene (USA) 1999: Maurice Greene (USA) 2001: Maurice Greene (USA) 2003: Kim Collins (SKN) 2005: Justin Gatlin (USA) 2007: Tyson Gay (USA) 2009: Usain Bolt (JAM) 2011: Yohan Blake (JAM) v t e World Champions in Men's 4×100 m Relay 1983: United States 1987: United States 1991: United States 1993: United States 1995: Canada 1997: Canada 1999: United States 2001: South Africa 2003: United States 2005: France 2007: United States 2009: Jamaica 2011: Jamaica 1983 United States (Emmit King, Willie Gault, Calvin Smith & Carl Lewis) 1987 United States (Lee McRae, Lee McNeill, Harvey Glance & Carl Lewis) 1991 United States (Andre Cason, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell & Carl Lewis) v t e World Champions in Men's Long Jump 1983 – 1987: Carl Lewis (USA) 1991 – 1993: Mike Powell (USA) 1995 – 2001: Iván Pedroso (CUB) 2003 – 2005: Dwight Phillips (USA) 2007: Irving Saladino (PAN) 2009 – 2011: Dwight Phillips (USA) v t e Pan American Champions in Men's 4x100 metres 1951: United States (Campbell, Bragg, Attlesey, Voight) 1955: United States (Richard, Williams, Thomas, Bennett) 1959: United States (Norton, Poynter, Woodhouse, Jones) 1963: United States (Young, Cassell, Johnson, Murchison) 1967: United States (Bright, Copeland, Turner, McCullouch) 1971: Jamaica (Daley, Quarrie, Lawson, Miller) 1975: United States (Collins, Edwards, Brown, Merrick) 1979: United States (Glance, Roberson, Wiley, Riddick) 1983: United States (Jackson, Robinson, Quow, Graddy) 1987: United States (Lewis, McNeill, McRae, Glance) 1991: Cuba (Peñalver, Stevens, Aguilera, Lamela) 1995: Cuba (Isasi, Aguilera, Lamela, García) 1999: Brazil (É. Ribeiro, de Oliveira, A. da Silva, C. da Silva) 2003: Brazil (de Lima, É. Ribeiro, A. da Silva, C. da Silva) 2007: Brazil (de Lima, R. Ribeiro, Moraes, Viana) 2011: Brazil (Feitosa, Viana, André, de Barros) v t e Pan American Champions in Men's Long Jump 1951: Gay Bryan (USA) 1955: Rosslyn Range (USA) 1959: Irvin Roberson (USA) 1963 – 1967: Ralph Boston (USA) 1971: Arnie Robinson (USA) 1975 – 1979: João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) 1983: Jaime Jefferson (CUB) 1987: Carl Lewis (USA) 1991: Jaime Jefferson (CUB) 1995 – 2003: Iván Pedroso (CUB) 2007: Irving Saladino (PAN) 2011: Daniel Pineda (CHI) v t e IAAF World / Continental Cup Champions in Men's Long Jump 1977: Arnie Robinson (USA) 1979: Larry Myricks (USA) 1981: Carl Lewis (USA) 1985: Mike Conley (USA) 1989: Larry Myricks (USA) 1992: Iván Pedroso (CUB) 1994: Fred Salle (GBR) 1998: Iván Pedroso (CUB) 2002: Savanté Stringfellow (USA) 2006: Irving Saladino (PAN) 2010: Dwight Phillips (USA) v t e Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2005 1954 La Salle University Men's Basketball Grover Cleveland Alexander Charles Barkley Bill Campbell John Chaney Jumbo Elliott Eddie Gottlieb Lefty Grove Carl Lewis Bob Levy Tommy McDonald Pete Pihos Harvey Pollack Guy Rodgers Cathy Rush Vic Seixas Jay Sigel Ed Snider Joe Verdeur v t e James E. Sullivan Award winners 1930: Jones 1931: Berlinger 1932: Bausch 1933: Cunningham 1934: Bonthron 1935: Little 1936: Morris 1937: Budge 1938: Lash 1939: Burk 1940: Rice 1941: MacMitchell 1942: Warmerdam 1943: Dodds 1944: Curtis 1945: Blanchard 1946: Tucker 1947: Kelly, Jr. 1948: Mathias 1949: Button 1950: Wilt 1951: Richards 1952: Ashenfelter 1953: Lee 1954: Whitfield 1955: Dillard 1956: McCormick 1957: Morrow 1958: Davis 1959: O'Brien 1960: R. Johnson 1961: Rudolph 1962: Beatty 1963: Pennel 1964: Schollander 1965: Bradley 1966: Ryun 1967: Matson 1968: Meyer 1969: Toomey 1970: Kinsella 1971: Spitz 1972: Shorter 1973: Walton 1974: Wohlhuter 1975: Shaw 1976: Jenner 1977: Naber 1978: Caulkins 1979: Thomas 1980: Heiden 1981: Lewis 1982: Decker 1983: Moses 1984: Louganis 1985: Benoit 1986: Joyner-Kersee 1987: Abbott 1988: Griffith-Joyner 1989: Evans 1990: Smith 1991: Powell 1992: Blair 1993: Ward 1994: Jansen 1995: Baumgartner 1996: M. Johnson 1997: Manning 1998: Holdsclaw 1999: C. Miller & K. Miller 2000: Gardner 2001: Kwan 2002: Hughes 2003: Phelps 2004: Hamm 2005: Redick 2006: Long 2007: Tebow 2008: S. Johnson 2009: Palmeiro-Winters 2010: Lysacek 2011: Rodriguez v t e US National Championship winners in men's 100-meter dash 1876–1878 New York Athletic Club 1876: Charles McIvor 1877: William Wilmer 1878: Fred Saportas 1879–1888 NAAAA 1879: Beverly Value 1880-81: Lon Myers 1882-83: Arthur Waldron 1884-86ro: Malcolm Ford 1887: Charles Sherrill 1888Note 1: Fred Westing 1888–1979 Amateur Athletic Union 1888Note 1: Fred Westing 1889-90: John Owen 1891: Luther Cary 1892: Harry Jewett 1893: Charles Stage 1894: Tom Lee 1895-97: Bernie Wefers 1898: Frank Jarvis 1899: Arthur Duffey 1900: Maxie Long 1901: Frank Sears 1902: Pat Walsh 1903: Archie Hahn 1904: Lawson Robertson 1905: Charles Parsons 1906: Charles Seitz 1907: Harold Huff 1908: William Hamilton 1909: William Martin 1910: James Rosenberger 1911: Gwin Henry 1912-13: Howard Drew 1914-15: Jo Loomis 1916-17: Andy Ward 1918: Arthur Henke 1919: William Hayes 1920OT: Loren Murchison 1921: Charles Paddock 1922: Robert McAllister 1923: Loren Murchison 1924: Charles Paddock 1925: Frank Hussey 1926: Charles Borah 1927: Chester Bowman 1928OT: Frank Wykoff 1929-30: Eddie Tolan 1931: Frank Wykoff 1932OT: Ralph Metcalfe 1933-34: Ralph Metcalfe 1935: Eulace Peacock 1936: Jesse Owens 1937: Perrin Walker 1938: Ben Johnson 1939: Clyde Jeffrey 1940: Hal Davis 1941: Barney Ewell 1942-43: Hal Davis 1944: Buddy Young 1945: Barney Ewell 1946-47: Bill Mathis 1948: Barney Ewell 1949: Andy Stanfield 1950: Art Bragg 1951: Jim Golliday 1952: Dean Smith 1953-54: Art Bragg 1955-56: Bobby Morrow 1957: Leamon King 1958: Bobby Morrow 1959-60: Ray Norton 1961: Frank Budd 1962-64: Bob Hayes 1965: George Anderson 1966: Charles Greene 1967: Jim Hines 1968: Charles Greene 1969-70: Ivory Crockett 1971: Del Meriwether 1972: Robert Taylor 1973-74: Steve Williams 1975: Don Quarrie 1976: Chris Garpenborg 1977: Don Quarrie 1978: Clancy Edwards 1979: James Sanford 1980–1992 The Athletics Congress 1980: Stanley Floyd 1981-83: Carl Lewis 1984: Sam Graddy 1985: Kirk Baptiste 1986: Carl Lewis 1987: Mark Witherspoon 1988: Emmit King 1989: Leroy Burrell 1990: Carl Lewis 1991: Leroy Burrell 1992OT: Dennis Mitchell 1993–present USA Track & Field 1993: Andre Cason 1994: Dennis Mitchell 1995: Michael Marsh 1996OT: Dennis Mitchell 1997: Maurice Greene 1998: Tim Harden 1999: Dennis Mitchell 2000OT: Maurice Greene 2001: Bernard Williams 2002: Maurice Greene 2003: Bernard Williams 2004: Maurice Greene 2005: Justin Gatlin 2006-08: Tyson Gay 2009: Michael Rodgers 2010-11: Walter Dix Notes Note 1: In 1888 both the NAAAA and the AAU held championships OT: The 1920, 1928, 1932, 1992, 1996 & 2000 championships incorporated the Olympic Trials, otherwise held as a discrete event. Distance:Until 1927 the event was over 100 yards, and again from 1929-31 ro:In 1886 the event was won after a run-off v t e US National Championship winners in Men's 200m 1876-1878 New York Athletic Club 1876: Not held 1877: Edward Merritt 1878: Wm. Willmer 1879-1888 NAAAA 1879-81: Lon Myers 1882-83: Henry Brooks 1884: Lon Myers 1885-86: Malcolm Ford 1887-88Note 1: Fred Westing 1888-1979 Amateur Athletic Union 1888Note 1: Fred Westing 1889: John Owen 1890: Fred Westing 1891: Luther Cary 1892: Harry Jewett 1893: Charles Stage 1894: Tommy Lee 1895-97: Bernie Wefers 1898: James Maybury 1899: Maxie Long 1900: William Edwards 1901: Frank Sears 1902: Pat Walsh 1903: Archie Hahn 1904: William Hogensen 1905: Archie Hahn 1906: Ralph Young 1907: Harold Huff 1908: W.F. Keating 1909: Waring Dawbarn 1910: Gwin Henry 1911: John Nelson 1912: Alvah Meyer 1913: Howard Drew 1914: Irving Howe 1915: Robert Morse 1916-17: Andy Ward 1918: Loren Murchison 1919: Henry Williams 1920OT-21: Charles Paddock 1922: Al LeConey 1923: Loren Murchison 1924: Charles Paddock 1925: Jackson Scholz 1926: Tom Sharkey 1927-28OT: Charles Borah 1929: Eddie Tolan 1930: George Simpson 1931: Eddie Tolan 1932OT-36: Ralph Metcalfe 1937: Jack Weierhauser 1938: Mack Robinson 1939: Barney Ewell 1940-43: Hal Davis 1944: Charles Parker 1945: Elmore Harris 1946-47: Barney Ewell 1948: Lloyd LaBeach 1949: Andy Stanfield 1950: Robert Tyler 1951: James Ford 1952-53: Andy Stanfield 1954: Art Bragg 1955: Rod Richard 1956: Thane Baker 1957: Ollan Cassell 1958: Bobby Morrow 1959-60: Ray Norton 1961-63: Paul Drayton 1964: Henry Carr 1965: Adolph Plummer 1966: Jim Hines 1967-68: Tommie Smith 1969: John Carlos 1970: Ben Vaughn 1971: Don Quarrie 1972: Chuck Smith 1973: Steve Williams 1974-75: Don Quarrie 1976: Millard Hampton 1977: Derald Harris 1978: Clancy Edwards 1979: Dwayne Evans 1980-1992 The Athletics Congress 1980: LaMonte King 1981: Jeff Phillips 1982: Calvin Smith 1983: Carl Lewis 1984: Brady Crain 1985: Kirk Baptiste 1986: Floyd Heard 1987: Carl Lewis 1988: Larry Myricks 1989: Floyd Heard 1990-92OT: Michael Johnson 1993-onwards USA Track & Field 1993: Michael Marsh 1994: Ron Clark 1995-96OT: Michael Johnson 1997: Jon Drummond 1998: Gentry Bradley 1999: Maurice Greene 2000OT: John Capel 2001: Shawn Crawford 2002-03: Darvis Patton 2004: Shawn Crawford 2005: Justin Gatlin 2006: Wallace Spearmon 2007: Tyson Gay 2008: Walter Dix 2009: Shawn Crawford 2010: Wallace Spearmon 2011: Walter Dix Notes Note 1: In 1888 both the NAAAA and the AAU held championships OT: The 1920, 1928, 1932, 1992, 1996 & 2000 championships incorporated the Olympic Trials, otherwise held as a discrete event. v t e IAAF Hall of Fame Jesse Owens Abebe Bikila Paavo Nurmi Carl Lewis Emil Zátopek Al Oerter Adhemar da Silva Edwin Moses Fanny Blankers-Koen Betty Cuthbert Jackie Joyner-Kersee Wang Junxia