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Fernando Lugo
President of Paraguay
Incumbent
Assumed office 15 August 2008
Vice President	Federico Franco
Preceded by	Nicanor Duarte
President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations
Incumbent
Assumed office 29 October 2011
Preceded by	Bharrat Jagdeo
Personal details
Born	(1951-05-30) 30 May 1951 (age 61) San Solano, Paraguay
Nationality	Paraguayan
Political party	Patriotic Alliance for Change
Children	Guillermo Armindo Lugo Carrillo
Alma mater	Catholic University of Our Lady of Asuncion
Religion	Roman Catholic
Signature
Website	Official website

Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (Spanish pronunciation: [ferˈnando arˈmindo ˈluɣo ˈmendeθ]; born 30 May 1951) is the President of Paraguay, and a former Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro.

Early life[link]

Lugo's family was not particularly religious; by his own account, he never saw his father set foot in a church.^{[citation needed]} However, the influences during his upbringing were distinctly political. His maternal uncle, Epifanio Méndes Fleitas, was a Colorado Party dissident and was persecuted and exiled by General Stroessner's regime. Lugo's father was imprisoned twenty times, and some of his elder siblings were sent into exile. He received his basic education at a religious school in Encarnación, all the while he worked selling snacks on the streets.^{[citation needed]}

Aged 17 or 18, against his father's wishes for him to become a lawyer, Lugo entered a normal school, and began teaching at a rural community. He was well accepted within this people, who were very religious, but they had no priest. He recalls that he was touched by that experience, discovering his vocation to the Roman Catholic priesthood, and he decided to enter a seminary operated by the Society of the Divine Word at age 19. Lugo was ordained a priest on 15 August 1977. That year he was sent to Ecuador, where he served as a missionary for five years. In Ecuador he had the opportunity to learn about the controversial liberation theology, a movement later criticized in large measure by the Vatican.

Lugo returned to Paraguay in 1982, and after a year, the regime's police asked Church authorities that he be expelled from the country. The Church complied and sent him to Rome for further academic studies. Lugo returned to Paraguay in 1987, two years before the Stroessner dictatorship's ultimate fall. Lugo was ordained a bishop on 17 April 1994, and received charge of the nation's poorest diocese, in the San Pedro department.^[1]

Lugo resigned as ordinary of the Diocese of San Pedro on 11 January 2005. He had requested laicization in order to run for office. However, the Holy See refused the request on the grounds that bishops could not undergo laicization, and also denied him the requested canonical permission to run for civil elected office.^[2] Following his election as President, the Church imposed laicization for his having been elected to political office without permission.^[3]

Personal life[link]

As Lugo is unmarried, he announced the designation of his elder sister, Mercedes Lugo, as First Lady of Paraguay.

2009 Paternity controversy[link]

On 13 April 2009, Lugo admitted he is the father of a child conceived with Viviana Carrillo, age 26, while he was still a Roman Catholic bishop. The revelation came five days after lawyers for Carrillo announced they were filing a paternity suit against the President. Ms. Carrillo's lawyers say the boy was born on 4 May 2007. Pope Benedict XVI did not relieve Lugo from his vows of chastity until 31 July 2008.^[4][5] A minor judicial investigation ensued as it was claimed that the woman was under 18 years old when the relationship started, and the allegations were not substantiated.

One week later, a second woman, Benigna Leguizamón, came forward in Paraguay alleging that Lugo fathered one of her children in 2002, while he was still serving as a Catholic bishop.^[6] However, Lugo did not acknowledge this child as in the first case. Leguizamón then filed a lawsuit against the President demanding a DNA test.^[7] Other Paraguayan bishops were reportedly informed of such allegations in 2004, but did not make them public at the time.^[8] A third woman, political activist Hortensia Morán, appeared a day after Leguizamón and also claimed President Lugo to be the father of her child, a 16-month-old boy named for Pope John Paul II.^[9] Initially she waited for Lugo's recognition of her child. As this did not happen, she decided after seven months to sue the President.^[10]

The BBC reported that DNA-testing has shown Moran's child is not Lugo's.^[11]

Health issues[link]

In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a form of cancer. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.^[12]

Presidential candidacy[link]

Lugo jumped to the national arena by backing peasants' claims for better land distribution. During 2006, wide-spectrum opinion polls published by Diario ABC Color newspaper showed him as a possible choice for the opposition's presidential candidacy. Known as "the bishop of the poor", Lugo was seen in the subsequent months as the most serious threat to the dominance of the Colorado Party on Paraguayan politics. Although he has said he finds the presidency of Hugo Chávez in Venezuela interesting, he has also made a point to distance himself from leftist leaders in Latin America, focusing more on social inequality in Paraguay. On 23 February 2007, a Prensa Latina article noted that the Paraguayan Interior Ministry offered Lugo protection because of the death threats he has received during the course of his political activities.^[14]

According to a poll released in February 2007, he was the leading contender in the April 2008 presidential election, with more than 37% of the voters' intention.^[15] On 29 October 2007, he registered himself into the tiny Christian Democratic Party of Paraguay in order to get his bureaucratic habilitation to run for office.^[16] That party integrated a coalition of more than a dozen opposition parties and social movements, named Patriotic Alliance for Change. Federico Franco, from the centrist Authentic Radical Liberal Party, Paraguay's largest opposition party, was his running mate.^{[citation needed]}

On 16 November 2007, although then-Chairman of the National Republican Party (ANR, Partido Colorado), President Nicanor Duarte Frutos, announced that the Colorado Party declined to initiate proceedings to block Lugo's candidacy,^[17] there is a debate going on about its legality, because Article 235 of the Constitution forbids ministers of any religious denomination to hold elective office and Pope Benedict XVI rejected Lugo's resignation from the priesthood.^[18] In July 2008, however, the pope laicized Lugo which allowed him to become president within the framework of canon law.^[19]

President[link]

On 20 April 2008, Lugo won the election by a margin of 10 percentage points, although far short of a majority. The Colorado Party candidate, Blanca Ovelar, acknowledged that Lugo had an unassailable lead and conceded the race that same night at about 9 pm local time. Two hours later, President Duarte acknowledged that the Colorados had lost an election for the first time in 61 years. Lugo became Paraguay's second leftist president (the first being Rafael Franco, who served from 1936 to 1937), and the first to be freely elected. His swearing in marked the first time in Paraguay's history (the country gained independence in 1811) that a ruling party peacefully surrendered power to an elected member from the opposition.^{[citation needed]}

Lugo was sworn in as President on 15 August 2008, saying he would not accept the presidential salary because it "belongs to more humble people" and encouraged other politicians to refuse their salaries as well.^[20]

He initially named Alejandro Hamed as his foreign minister. During the campaign, Lugo had suggested that he would switch diplomatic relations from the Republic of China (Taiwan) to the People's Republic of China,^[21] thereby depriving the ROC of its last diplomatic ally in South America. However after the inauguration, which had been attended by President Ma Ying-jeou from Taiwan, Lugo stated that he had no plans to switch recognition.^[22]

On 18 August 2008, Lugo named Margarita Mbywangi, a member of the Aché indigenous ethnic group, as minister of indigenous affairs, the first indigenous person to hold such a position in Paraguay.^[23]

Although to date little progress has been made in tackling corruption and encouraging land reform (two of the main promises of Lugo's presidential campaign), a number of initiatives have been introduced to improve the lives of Paraguay's poor, such as investments in low-income housing,^[24] the introduction of free treatment in public hospitals,^[25] and the introduction of cash transfers for Paraguay's most impoverished citizens.^[26]

Blog[link]

Lugo began writing a blog on the web site of newspaper ABC Color in March 2007.^[27]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fernando Lugo

• Fernando Lugo profile at CatholicHierarchy website
• 27 February 2007 New York Times article on Lugo's possible candidacy
• 22 Feb. 2007 article on Lugo from Worldpress.org
• 30 December 2006 Daily (Maybe) blog on background to Lugo's presidential bid
• Lugo Wins Election at AP
• 18 April 2008 article on Lugo and Paraguay elections from The Christian Science Monitor
• "Rise of the Red Bishop" The Guardian Weekly, 14 August 2008

v t e Heads of state of Paraguay Yegros Rodríguez de Francia Yegros Rodríguez de Francia Ortiz Medina Roque Alonzo C.A. López F.S. López Rivarola Machaín Rivarola Jovellanos Gill Uriarte Bareiro Saguier Caballero Escobar J.G. González M. Morínigo Egusquiza Aceval Carvallo Escurra Gaona Báez Ferreira González Navero Gondra Jara Rojas Peña González Navero Schaerer M. Franco Montero Gondra Eusebio Ayala Eligio Ayala Riart Eligio Ayala Guggiari Eusebio Ayala R. Franco Paiva Estigarribia H. Moríñigo Frutos J.N. González Rolón Molas Chávez Romero Stroessner Rodríguez Wasmosy Cubas González Macchi Duarte Lugo Italics indicate acting, interim or provisional role.