Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (October 3, 1837 – 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and president of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the City of Buenos Aires into a federal district.^[2]

Biography[link]

Born in San Miguel de Tucumán, his mother moved with him to Bolivia after the death of his father, Marcos Avellaneda, during a revolt against Juan Manuel de Rosas. He studied law at Córdoba, without graduating. Back at Tucumán he founded El Eco del Norte, and moved to Buenos Aires in 1857, becoming director of the El Nacional and editor of El Comercio de la Plata. He finished his studies at Buenos Aires, meeting Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Sarmiento helped him to become teacher of economy at the University of Buenos Aires. He wrote "Estudio sobre las leyes de tierras públicas" (Spanish: Study of the laws about public lands), proposing to give the lands to producers that make production from them. This system, similar to the one employed at the United States, suggested to reduce bureaucracy and pointed that this would allow stable populations and population growth.

He was a member of the house of representatives in 1859 and Minister of Government of Adolfo Alsina in the Buenos Aires province in 1866. During Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's presidency, he was Minister of Justice and Education. He implemented the educational reform that was defining of his government.

Avellaneda attained the presidency in 1874 but had its legitimacy contested by Bartolomé Mitre and supported by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Mitre deployed the army against Avellaneda but was defeated by Julio Argentino Roca. Mitre was held prisoner and judged by military justice, but Avellaneda indulted him in order to promote pacification. He also included Rufino de Elizalde and José María Gutiérrez, supporters of Mitre, as members of his cabinet.

In line with people like Alberdi or Sarmiento, who thought that European immigration was crucial to the Argentine development, he promoted the "Avellaneda law" that allowed European farmers ease to get terrains. The immigration numbers were doubled in a few years.

Having won the revolution and bringing peace to the country, Avellaneda faced the serious economical crisis, centering his efforts in the control of the land with the Conquest of the Desert and expanding the railroads, the cereal and meat exports, and the European immigration, specially to Patagonia. During his presidency, the economy of Argentina was seriously affected by the European crisis putting the country on the edge of economical default. Decided to take Argentina from its debts, he said that "[...]there are two million Argentines who would rationalize even their hunger and thirst to answer in a supreme case the compromises of our public faith at the foreign markets".^[3] He reduced the budget and applied a weak protectionism. The crisis was eventually fixed with the growing exports of refrigerated meat to Europe, a new developing industrial method of the time.

A prolific writer, his works have been published in 12 volumes.

Aged 37, he was the youngest Argentine president ever elected.^[4] He had served in the Argentine Senate for five months in 1874 and returned to the Senate in 1883 until his death. He died on a ship returning from France.

Bibliography[link]

• Mendelevich, Pablo (2010). El Final. Buenos Aires: Ediciones B. ISBN 978-987-627-166-0. 

References[link]

External links[link]

• Nicolas Avellaneda at Find-A-Grave

v t e Heads of state of Argentina May Revolution and Independence War Period up to Asamblea del Año XIII (1810–1814) Primera Junta  · Junta Grande  · First Triumvirate  · Second Triumvirate Supreme Directors of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1814–1820) Gervasio Antonio de Posadas · Carlos María de Alvear · Juan José Viamonte · José Rondeau · Ignacio Álvarez Thomas · Antonio González de Balcarce · Juan Martín de Pueyrredón · José Rondeau · Juan Pedro Aguirre Unitarian Republic – First Presidential Government (1826–1827) Bernardino Rivadavia · Vicente López y Planes Pacto Federal and Argentine Confederation (1827–1862) Manuel Dorrego · Juan Manuel de Rosas · Juan Ramón Balcarce · Juan José Viamonte · Manuel Vicente Maza · Juan Manuel de Rosas · Justo José de Urquiza · Santiago Derqui · Juan Esteban Pedernera National Organization – Argentine Republic (1862–1880) Bartolomé Mitre · Domingo Faustino Sarmiento · Nicolás Avellaneda Generation of '80 – Oligarchic Republic (1880–1916) Julio Argentino Roca · Miguel Juárez Celman · Carlos Pellegrini · Luis Sáenz Peña · José Evaristo Uriburu · Julio Argentino Roca · Manuel Quintana · José Figueroa Alcorta · Roque Sáenz Peña · Victorino de la Plaza First Radical Civic Union terms, after Universal (Male) Suffrage (1916–1930) Hipólito Yrigoyen · Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear · Hipólito Yrigoyen Infamous Decade (1930–1943) José Félix Uriburu · Agustín Pedro Justo · Roberto María Ortiz · Ramón Castillo Revolution of '43 military dictatorships (1943–1946) Arturo Rawson · Pedro Pablo Ramírez · Edelmiro Julián Farrell First Peronist terms (1946–1955) Juan Domingo Perón Revolución Libertadora military dictatorships (1955–1958) Eduardo Lonardi · Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Fragile civilian governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966) Arturo Frondizi · José María Guido · Arturo Umberto Illia Revolución Argentina military dictatorships (1966–1973) Juan Carlos Onganía · Roberto M. Levingston · Alejandro Agustín Lanusse Return of Perón (1973–1976) Héctor José Cámpora · Raúl Alberto Lastiri · Juan Domingo Perón · Isabel Martínez de Perón National Reorganization Process military dictatorships (1976–1983) Jorge Rafael Videla · Roberto Eduardo Viola · Leopoldo Galtieri · Reynaldo Bignone Return to Democracy (1983–present) Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín · Carlos Saúl Menem · Fernando de la Rúa · Adolfo Rodríguez Saá · Eduardo Duhalde · Néstor Kirchner · Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Portal:Politics · Politics of Argentina · President of Argentina · List of heads of state of Argentina

Avellaneda
Plaza Alsina
Avellaneda Location in Greater Buenos Aires
Coordinates: 34°39′S 58°22′W / 34.65°S 58.367°W / -34.65; -58.367
Country	Argentina
Province	Buenos Aires
Partido	Avellaneda
Founded	April 7, 1852
Elevation	2 m (7 ft)
Population (2001 census [INDEC])
• Total	24,313
CPA Base	B 1870
Area code(s)	+54 11

Avellaneda (Spanish pronunciation: [aβeʎaˈneða]) is a port city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido, whose population was 328,980 as per the 2001 census [INDEC].

Avellaneda sits in the metropolitan area of the Greater Buenos Aires, and is connected to Buenos Aires City by several bridges over the Riachuelo River. A major rail center, Avellaneda is also one of the foremost commercial and industrial centers of Argentina. Its population has been stable since around 1960. Avellaneda's largest employers are textile mills, meat-packing and grain-processing plants, oil refineries, metallurgical works, extensive docking facilities, and markets for farm and ranch products.

Avellaneda is also the home of two of the most important Argentine football clubs: Independiente and Racing.

The city was formerly known as Barracas al Sur; it was renamed on January 11, 1904 after the statesman Nicolás Avellaneda.

People[link]

See Category:People from Avellaneda

References[link]

• Municipality of Avellaneda - Official website. (Spanish)
• Municipal information: Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (Spanish)
• Avellaneda Website (Spanish)

• 

  Intersection of Mitre Ave. and Alsina St.

• 

  "Pedro Fiorito" Hospital

• 

  "Colonial" Theatre

• 

  Railway Museum (in Sarandí)

• 

  Old "Pueyrredón" Bridge

• 

  Aerial view of "Juan Domingo Perón" Stadium and Estadio Libertadores de América

v t e Greater Buenos Aires First-level administrative divisions  Buenos Aires Autonomous City  Buenos Aires Province Buenos Aires Province partidos Almirante Brown Avellaneda Berazategui Esteban Echevarría Ezeiza Florencio Varela Hurlingham Ituzaingó José C. Paz Lanús Lomas de Zamora La Matanza Malvinas Argentinas Merlo Moreno Morón Quilmes San Fernando San Isidro San Martín San Miguel Tigre 3 de Febrero Vicente López List of cities Autonomous City of Buenos Aires Adrogué Avellaneda Banfield Béccar Bella Vista Berazategui Bernal Billinghurst Boulogne Sur Mer Burzaco Caseros Castelar Ciudad Evita Ciudad Jardín Ciudadela Claypole Dock Sud Don Torcuato El Palomar Ezeiza Florencio Varela Florida Haedo General Pacheco Gerli Glew González Catán Gregorio de Laferrère Grand Bourg Hurlingham Isidro Casanova Ituzaingó José C. Paz Lanús La Tablada Llavallol Libertad Lomas del Mirador Lomas de Zamora Longchamps Los Polvorines Mariano Acosta Martín Coronado Martínez Merlo Monte Chingolo Monte Grande Moreno Morón Munro Muñiz Olivos Pablo Nogués Parque San Martín Paso del Rey Quilmes Rafael Calzada Rafael Castillo Ramos Mejía Remedios de Escalada San Antonio de Padua San Fernando San Francisco Solano San Isidro San Justo San Martín San Miguel Sarandí Temperley Tigre Tortuguitas Tristán Suárez Valentín Alsina Vicente López Victoria Villa Adelina Villa Ballester Villa Bosch Villa Centenario Villa Domínico Villa Fiorito Villa Maipú Villa Martelli Villa de Mayo Villa Sarmiento Villa Tesei Villa Udaondo Virreyes Wilde William C. Morris

v t e Main cities of Buenos Aires Province Capital city La Plata Metropolitan cities Mar del Plata Bahía Blanca Tandil San Nicolás de los Arroyos Greater Buenos Aires area cities Avellaneda Banfield Béccar Bella Vista Berazategui Bernal Boulogne Sur Mer Burzaco Caseros Castelar Ciudad Evita Ciudadela El Palomar Florencio Varela Florida Glew González Catán Gregorio de Laferrère Grand Bourg Hurlingham Isidro Casanova Ituzaingó José C. Paz Lanús Libertad Lomas del Mirador Lomas de Zamora Los Polvorines Mariano Acosta Martínez Merlo Monte Chingolo Monte Grande Moreno Morón Olivos Quilmes Rafael Calzada Rafael Castillo Ramos Mejia Remedios de Escalada San Fernando San Francisco Solano San Isidro San Justo San Martín San Miguel Sarandí Temperley Tigre Villa Centenario Villa Domínico Villa Tesei Wilde William C. Morris Regional cities Azul Balcarce Belén de Escobar Berisso Bragado Brandsen Campana Cañuelas Chivilcoy Chascomús City Bell Coronel Pringles Dolores Junín Lincoln Lobos Luján Mercedes Necochea Nueve de Julio Olavarría Pergamino Pilar Ramallo Saladillo San Clemente del Tuyú Trenque Lauquen Tres Arroyos Zárate Towns > 10,000 people Alberti Arrecifes Baradero Chacabuco Coronel Dorrego Daireaux Ensenada General Belgrano General Lavalle Henderson Magdalena Marcos Paz Mar del Tuyú Miramar Open Door Pehuajó Pellegrini Pinamar Punta Alta Rauch Salto San Bernardo del Tuyú San Pedro Santa Teresita San Vicente Suipacha Tornquist Villa Gesell

Coordinates: 34°39′37″S 58°21′37″W / 34.66028°S 58.36028°W / -34.66028; -58.36028