- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 10262
- author: Greens EFA
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| RADIO STATION | GENRE | LOCATION |
|---|---|---|
| Al-Quds Radio | News,World Middle East | Palestine |
| Alaqsa Voice | Talk | Palestine |
| Free Palestine Radio | World Middle East | Palestine |
| Raya FM | Varied | Palestine |
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Living under occupation: Daily Life in Occupied Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:29
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
A film made by EFA MEPs François Alfonsi, Jill Evans and Ana Miranda during their visit to the West Bank and East Jerusalem. http://efa.greens-efa.eu/living-...
http://wn.com/Living_under_occupation_Daily_Life_in_Occupied_Palestine
A film made by EFA MEPs François Alfonsi, Jill Evans and Ana Miranda during their visit to the West Bank and East Jerusalem. http://efa.greens-efa.eu/living-...
What Really Happens In Palestine... MUST WATCH!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:34
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
What Really Happens In Palestine... MUST WATCH! مقدم من شبكة فلسطين بين اديك https://www.palstine.com https://www.facebook.com/ShbktFlstynBynAdyk https://twi...
http://wn.com/What_Really_Happens_In_Palestine_MUST_WATCH!
What Really Happens In Palestine... MUST WATCH! مقدم من شبكة فلسطين بين اديك https://www.palstine.com https://www.facebook.com/ShbktFlstynBynAdyk https://twi...
- published: 22 Mar 2013
- views: 17768
- author: fady khalaf
Checkpoint - Every Day Life in Palestine Documentary ( Subtitles )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 80:01
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
A film showing the day to day reality of Palestinians subjected to demeaning humiliation at Israeli military checkpoints as they attempt to go about their da...
http://wn.com/Checkpoint_Every_Day_Life_in_Palestine_Documentary_Subtitles_
A film showing the day to day reality of Palestinians subjected to demeaning humiliation at Israeli military checkpoints as they attempt to go about their da...
- published: 28 Apr 2013
- views: 8547
- author: Daniel Stephens-Hunt
The History of Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:48
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
History of Palestine Zionism arrived in Palestine in the late 19th as a colonialist movement motivated by national impulses. The colonisation of Palestine fi...
http://wn.com/The_History_of_Palestine
History of Palestine Zionism arrived in Palestine in the late 19th as a colonialist movement motivated by national impulses. The colonisation of Palestine fi...
- published: 30 May 2009
- views: 183541
- author: mingoi313
Palestine Kids
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:08
- Updated: 25 Jun 2013
What's it like growing up in a war zone? Five year old Diana lives in a cave in the West Bank. Mufida, 16, is struggling to complete her education with Israeli soldiers living on her roof. And Yassin, 7, just wants to move to Brazil. Dodging bullets, hiding from Israeli soldiers and losing their land to settlers is part of every day life for these children. Through their eyes, we gain a fresh perspective on everyday life for Palestinians.
http://wn.com/Palestine_Kids
What's it like growing up in a war zone? Five year old Diana lives in a cave in the West Bank. Mufida, 16, is struggling to complete her education with Israeli soldiers living on her roof. And Yassin, 7, just wants to move to Brazil. Dodging bullets, hiding from Israeli soldiers and losing their land to settlers is part of every day life for these children. Through their eyes, we gain a fresh perspective on everyday life for Palestinians.
- published: 04 Aug 2010
- views: 335
- author: JourneymanVOD
Israel and Palestine, an animated introduction.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:28
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Easy to understand, historically accurate http://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/ mini- primer about why Israelis and Palestinians are fighting, why the US-backed pe...
http://wn.com/Israel_and_Palestine,_an_animated_introduction
Easy to understand, historically accurate http://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/ mini- primer about why Israelis and Palestinians are fighting, why the US-backed pe...
- published: 29 Nov 2012
- views: 247259
- author: JVP18
Palestine Defended on the BBC (a rare moment)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Owen Jones puts the record staight regarding Israel's share of responsibility for the recent violence. The BBC has tended to be biased against Palestine in r...
http://wn.com/Palestine_Defended_on_the_BBC_a_rare_moment
Owen Jones puts the record staight regarding Israel's share of responsibility for the recent violence. The BBC has tended to be biased against Palestine in r...
- published: 23 Nov 2012
- views: 69562
- author: Prunesqualer
La réalité des sionistes en Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:08
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
La réalité des sionistes en Palestine.
http://wn.com/La_réalité_des_sionistes_en_Palestine
The Israeli Palestinian Conflict: 10 Myths Preventing Peace (Calev Myers)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
The Israeli Palestinian conflict is an often misunderstood political battleground where facts are mixed with opinion, perference, and prejudice. There's so m...
http://wn.com/The_Israeli_Palestinian_Conflict_10_Myths_Preventing_Peace_Calev_Myers
The Israeli Palestinian conflict is an often misunderstood political battleground where facts are mixed with opinion, perference, and prejudice. There's so m...
- published: 22 Mar 2013
- views: 90223
- author: jijorg
Documentaire..Je.suis.Palestine..Ana.Falastine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 77:25
- Updated: 09 Jul 2013
Ana Falastine (Je suis Palestine) est un triptyque de documentaires dont l'ensemble relève un même défi : "comprendre ce qui à force paraît incompréhensible"...
http://wn.com/DocumentaireJesuisPalestineAnaFalastine
Ana Falastine (Je suis Palestine) est un triptyque de documentaires dont l'ensemble relève un même défi : "comprendre ce qui à force paraît incompréhensible"...
- published: 23 Apr 2013
- views: 2519
- author: Mon Nom est Personne
Obama embarrassé par la question d'une étudiante sur la Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Les États-Unis ont toujours porté le projet Israélien (après la Grande-Bretagne) dans le but de le faire grandir afin que Israël devienne l'état dirigeant du...
http://wn.com/Obama_embarrassé_par_la_question_d'une_étudiante_sur_la_Palestine
Les États-Unis ont toujours porté le projet Israélien (après la Grande-Bretagne) dans le but de le faire grandir afin que Israël devienne l'état dirigeant du...
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 22997
- author: oyagaelewee
Free Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:25
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Palestine is the cement that holds the Arab world together, or it is the explosive that blows it apart. Yasser Arafat Resistance in Palestine will continue u...
http://wn.com/Free_Palestine
Palestine is the cement that holds the Arab world together, or it is the explosive that blows it apart. Yasser Arafat Resistance in Palestine will continue u...
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 21900
- author: RAFAELA CARLINA
Débat La Palestine à l'ONU, Israèl ne veut pas La Paix, Tariq Ramadan HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:59
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
http://www.facebook.com/tariqramadan.islamologue.5 Ce Soir Ou Jamais, Débat La Palestine à l'ONU, Un pas Vers La Paix La Palestine est devenue ce jeudi soir,...
http://wn.com/Débat_La_Palestine_à_l'ONU,_Israèl_ne_veut_pas_La_Paix,_Tariq_Ramadan_HD
http://www.facebook.com/tariqramadan.islamologue.5 Ce Soir Ou Jamais, Débat La Palestine à l'ONU, Un pas Vers La Paix La Palestine est devenue ce jeudi soir,...
- published: 21 Feb 2013
- views: 16388
- author: Tariq Ramadan
Talk | Israel and Palestine: Squaring the Circle | Quadriga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:31
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Israelis and Palestinians are preparing to hold talks for the first time in three years after pressure from US Secretary of State John Kerry. But mistrust be...
http://wn.com/Talk_|_Israel_and_Palestine_Squaring_the_Circle_|_Quadriga
Israelis and Palestinians are preparing to hold talks for the first time in three years after pressure from US Secretary of State John Kerry. But mistrust be...
- published: 02 Aug 2013
- views: 327
- author: Deutsche Welle
Settlers attack Palestinian family, child hospitalized
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 24 Sep 2013
On 23 September, 2013, settlers trespassed on a Palestinian family's roof in Khalil (Hebron) to offer tourists a view of the city. After the family asked them to leave, they were attacked by the settlers.
http://wn.com/Settlers_attack_Palestinian_family,_child_hospitalized
On 23 September, 2013, settlers trespassed on a Palestinian family's roof in Khalil (Hebron) to offer tourists a view of the city. After the family asked them to leave, they were attacked by the settlers.
- published: 24 Sep 2013
- views: 9951
#Syria #Palestine - Calling All Believers ᴴᴰ ┇ Powerful Speech ┇ The Daily Reminder ┇
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Gaza is Calling - Click here to Answer: http://goo.gl/uCSw1 ❝Like❞ Us on FB ☛ http://www.fb.com/TheDailyReminder ❝Follow Us❞ on Tumblr ☛ http://HalalHumor.tu...
http://wn.com/_Syria_Palestine_Calling_All_Believers_ᴴᴰ_┇_Powerful_Speech_┇_The_Daily_Reminder_┇
Gaza is Calling - Click here to Answer: http://goo.gl/uCSw1 ❝Like❞ Us on FB ☛ http://www.fb.com/TheDailyReminder ❝Follow Us❞ on Tumblr ☛ http://HalalHumor.tu...
- published: 14 Feb 2013
- views: 18070
- author: The Daily Reminder
Origins of Israel Palestinian Conflict
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
The Israeli Arab conflict is the result of interactions of superpowers in the early 20th century. British and French strategic interests in the Middle East w...
http://wn.com/Origins_of_Israel_Palestinian_Conflict
The Israeli Arab conflict is the result of interactions of superpowers in the early 20th century. British and French strategic interests in the Middle East w...
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 443494
- author: CaspianReport
Israel & Palestine: A History of Occupation | Brainwash Update
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Abby Martin takes a look back at the historical events that have shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as we know it today. LIKE Breaking the Set @ http://...
http://wn.com/Israel_Palestine_A_History_of_Occupation_|_Brainwash_Update
Abby Martin takes a look back at the historical events that have shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as we know it today. LIKE Breaking the Set @ http://...
- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 42672
- author: breakingtheset
Noam Chomsky - US Israeli Crimes Against Palestine (FULL)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 101:05
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Noam Chomsky Speaks at Brown University Filmed by Paul Hubbard Additional camera - Robert Malin Sponsored by Common Ground - Apr-20-2010.
http://wn.com/Noam_Chomsky_US_Israeli_Crimes_Against_Palestine_FULL
Noam Chomsky Speaks at Brown University Filmed by Paul Hubbard Additional camera - Robert Malin Sponsored by Common Ground - Apr-20-2010.
- published: 18 Nov 2012
- views: 47088
- author: evelkidnievel
Israël - Palestine Gros coup de gueule de Daniel Cohn-Bendit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 20 Apr 2013
Page Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/LoveRappelsI... A rejoindre, in sha'Allah ! Daniel Cohn-Bendit s'est exprimé sur le conflit entre Israël et la Pales...
http://wn.com/Israël_Palestine_Gros_coup_de_gueule_de_Daniel_Cohn-Bendit
Page Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/LoveRappelsI... A rejoindre, in sha'Allah ! Daniel Cohn-Bendit s'est exprimé sur le conflit entre Israël et la Pales...
- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 99482
- author: Rappels Islam
Israel.Palestine 60 ans de violence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 84:21
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Israël-Palestine : 60 ans de violence Présenté par : Bernard de La Villardière Durée : 1 heure Cette vidéo est libre de droits. Cette bataille pour une même ...
http://wn.com/IsraelPalestine_60_ans_de_violence
Israël-Palestine : 60 ans de violence Présenté par : Bernard de La Villardière Durée : 1 heure Cette vidéo est libre de droits. Cette bataille pour une même ...
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 24467
- author: Mehdi TAZI
Leila Ghandi en Palestine - Le Film.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 78:14
- Updated: 07 Aug 2013
VOYAGE AVEC LEILA GHANDI est une série documentaire réalisée et animée par Leila Ghandi et diffusée en prime time les derniers dimanches de chaque mois sur l...
http://wn.com/Leila_Ghandi_en_Palestine_Le_Film
VOYAGE AVEC LEILA GHANDI est une série documentaire réalisée et animée par Leila Ghandi et diffusée en prime time les derniers dimanches de chaque mois sur l...
- published: 29 May 2013
- views: 2238
- author: Leïla Ghandi
Israeli Soldiers Breaking The Silence on the Occupation of Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:59
- Updated: 11 Aug 2013
Former Israeli paratrooper Avner Gvaryahu, now an activist with Breaking The Silence explains to Green Left Weekly's Peter Boyle how 850 former Israeli soldi...
http://wn.com/Israeli_Soldiers_Breaking_The_Silence_on_the_Occupation_of_Palestine
Former Israeli paratrooper Avner Gvaryahu, now an activist with Breaking The Silence explains to Green Left Weekly's Peter Boyle how 850 former Israeli soldi...
- published: 24 Oct 2012
- views: 49050
- author: Green Left TV
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Crime & Punishment in the Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:41
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
We finally got a rare glimpse of the embattled Gaza Strip and a chance to see what life was like under the rule of Hamas. In 2007 we tried and failed to get ...
http://wn.com/Crime_Punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip
We finally got a rare glimpse of the embattled Gaza Strip and a chance to see what life was like under the rule of Hamas. In 2007 we tried and failed to get ...
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 1116977
- author: VICE
GAZA STRIP by James Longley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 72:05
- Updated: 02 Aug 2013
In early 2001 I spent three months in Gaza filming material for this documentary, GAZA STRIP, working with local fixer and translator, Mohammed Mohanna. The ...
http://wn.com/GAZA_STRIP_by_James_Longley
In early 2001 I spent three months in Gaza filming material for this documentary, GAZA STRIP, working with local fixer and translator, Mohammed Mohanna. The ...
- published: 25 Dec 2012
- views: 889
- author: NoTimeToStray
Joining the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip | Journal Reporter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 09 Aug 2013
Tania Krämer joins the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip.
http://wn.com/Joining_the_tunnel_diggers_in_the_Gaza_Strip_|_Journal_Reporter
Tania Krämer joins the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip.
- published: 26 Nov 2009
- views: 18978
- author: deutschewelleenglish
Massive Israeli Strike-back on Gaza Strip (Disturbing Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:09
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
"Israeli aircraft, tanks and naval gunboats pounded the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip on Thursday and rocket salvoes thudded into southern Israel, as terrified resi...
http://wn.com/Massive_Israeli_Strike-back_on_Gaza_Strip_Disturbing_Video
"Israeli aircraft, tanks and naval gunboats pounded the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip on Thursday and rocket salvoes thudded into southern Israel, as terrified resi...
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 651706
- author: The Young Turks
Jerusalem relaxes Gaza restrictions: Israel allows construction material to enter Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 23 Sep 2013
Israel has begun allowing construction material, for private builders, into the Gaza Strip for the first time in six years. Gaza, which is run by Islamist group Hamas has been struggling with a shortage of building material, especially since July, when the Egyptian military began a crackdown on smuggling tunnels used to supply goods and weapons from Egypt into the Palestinian enclave.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_relaxes_Gaza_restrictions_Israel_allows_construction_material_to_enter_Gaza_Strip
Israel has begun allowing construction material, for private builders, into the Gaza Strip for the first time in six years. Gaza, which is run by Islamist group Hamas has been struggling with a shortage of building material, especially since July, when the Egyptian military began a crackdown on smuggling tunnels used to supply goods and weapons from Egypt into the Palestinian enclave.
- published: 23 Sep 2013
- views: 138
Gaza Strip: Female Israeli Soldiers In Trouble For Posting Racy Photos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
A group of new recruits in the Israeli army posted a horde of semi-nude photos to Facebook...and they're getting in a lot of trouble for it. The women have b...
http://wn.com/Gaza_Strip_Female_Israeli_Soldiers_In_Trouble_For_Posting_Racy_Photos
A group of new recruits in the Israeli army posted a horde of semi-nude photos to Facebook...and they're getting in a lot of trouble for it. The women have b...
- published: 05 Jun 2013
- views: 23741
- author: newshouronline
Egypt reopens border with Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 24 Aug 2013
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
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Egypt reopens its border crossing with the Gaza Strip allowing people to cross in and out of the Palestinian territory after four days of closure. Tom Dinham reports.
Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters has maintained its reputation for speed, accuracy, and impact while providing exclusives, incisive commentary and forward-looking analysis.
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http://wn.com/Egypt_reopens_border_with_Gaza_Strip
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe
Egypt reopens its border crossing with the Gaza Strip allowing people to cross in and out of the Palestinian territory after four days of closure. Tom Dinham reports.
Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters has maintained its reputation for speed, accuracy, and impact while providing exclusives, incisive commentary and forward-looking analysis.
http://reuters.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Reuters
https://plus.google.com/u/0/s/reuters
https://twitter.com/Reuters
- published: 24 Aug 2013
- views: 28
Inshallah: a virtual tour of the Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:30
- Updated: 29 Mar 2013
by Maurice Jacobsen in Gaza http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/06/07/18681250.php.
http://wn.com/Inshallah_a_virtual_tour_of_the_Gaza_Strip
by Maurice Jacobsen in Gaza http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/06/07/18681250.php.
- published: 26 Aug 2012
- views: 3262
- author: FatehYouth Germany
The Gaza Strip. Documentary . Palestine - Israel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:57
- Updated: 01 Aug 2013
Free palestine http://www.imitation.it/ --- http://www.imitation.it/video.html.
http://wn.com/The_Gaza_Strip_Documentary_Palestine_Israel
Free palestine http://www.imitation.it/ --- http://www.imitation.it/video.html.
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 849
- author: Jakeo cognomee
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit Tel Aviv and Israel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit South Israel and Tel Aviv Militants in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip killed three Isra...
http://wn.com/Rocket_Attack_From_Gaza_Strip_Kills_3_Israelis_Now_Over_200_Rockets_Hit_Tel_Aviv_and_Israel
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit South Israel and Tel Aviv Militants in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip killed three Isra...
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 395470
- author: MrViralNews
Gaza Strip faces water crisis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
The Gaza Strip is facing a water crisis. The UN says its only underground aquifer is increasingly contaminated by salt water and sewage. Only 10 percent of i...
http://wn.com/Gaza_Strip_faces_water_crisis
The Gaza Strip is facing a water crisis. The UN says its only underground aquifer is increasingly contaminated by salt water and sewage. Only 10 percent of i...
- published: 09 Jul 2013
- views: 2198
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Farming in Khuza'a. Gaza Strip.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 27 Jul 2013
Farmers are working in Gaza buffer zone under threat of Israeli soldiers, tanks, bullets, etc. This video shows the difficulty of daily life for farmers in K...
http://wn.com/Farming_in_Khuza'a_Gaza_Strip
Farmers are working in Gaza buffer zone under threat of Israeli soldiers, tanks, bullets, etc. This video shows the difficulty of daily life for farmers in K...
- published: 02 Jun 2013
- views: 331
- author: Gal·la
Life or death in the Gaza strip "war between Jews and Muslims"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 17 Jul 2013
Hamas fires rocket at Tel Aviv after Israel flattens buildings http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/17/15229132-hamas-fires-rocket-at-tel-aviv-after-is...
http://wn.com/Life_or_death_in_the_Gaza_strip_war_between_Jews_and_Muslims
Hamas fires rocket at Tel Aviv after Israel flattens buildings http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/17/15229132-hamas-fires-rocket-at-tel-aviv-after-is...
- published: 17 Nov 2012
- views: 1137
- author: REALVIDEOS2013
Israel attacks Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
Two members of the al-Quds Brigades, the military wing of Islamic Jihad, were killed when Israeli soldiers opened fire in the Gaza Strip. It happened near th...
http://wn.com/Israel_attacks_Gaza_Strip
Two members of the al-Quds Brigades, the military wing of Islamic Jihad, were killed when Israeli soldiers opened fire in the Gaza Strip. It happened near th...
- published: 26 Dec 2010
- views: 27197
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Gaza Strip part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Many of us judge the Israeli/Palestinian conflict from the outside looking in. This documentary gives us the opportunity to look at it from the inside. Looki...
http://wn.com/Gaza_Strip_part_1
Many of us judge the Israeli/Palestinian conflict from the outside looking in. This documentary gives us the opportunity to look at it from the inside. Looki...
- published: 04 Jan 2009
- views: 24911
- author: pinrelief
Israel pounds Gaza Strip from air and sea
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Israel's bombardment of Gaza has entered a fifth day. Two media office buildings housing Palestinian and international journalists have been hit. The Israeli...
http://wn.com/Israel_pounds_Gaza_Strip_from_air_and_sea
Israel's bombardment of Gaza has entered a fifth day. Two media office buildings housing Palestinian and international journalists have been hit. The Israeli...
- published: 18 Nov 2012
- views: 18904
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Israel 'set calorie limit' for Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 30 Jul 2013
Israel's government has been forced to reveal how far it looked into restricting food to Gaza during the 2007 blockade. Human rights groups say it amounted t...
http://wn.com/Israel_'set_calorie_limit'_for_Gaza_Strip
Israel's government has been forced to reveal how far it looked into restricting food to Gaza during the 2007 blockade. Human rights groups say it amounted t...
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 7465
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Gaza Strip: Anderson Cooper Shaken in Blast
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
"Anderson Cooper had a close call on the Gaza frontline when a rocket exploded just a few blocks from where he was reporting live. The CNN anchor was speakin...
http://wn.com/Gaza_Strip_Anderson_Cooper_Shaken_in_Blast
"Anderson Cooper had a close call on the Gaza frontline when a rocket exploded just a few blocks from where he was reporting live. The CNN anchor was speakin...
- published: 21 Nov 2012
- views: 59941
- author: TheYoungTurks
#Water Writes paints in the GAZA STRIP, Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:05
- Updated: 19 Jun 2013
WaterWrites Partnered with Break the Silence Mural Project, Olympia-Rafah Solidarity Mural Project, and the Rachel Corrie Foundation to Create the MAIA MURA...
http://wn.com/_Water_Writes_paints_in_the_GAZA_STRIP,_Palestine
WaterWrites Partnered with Break the Silence Mural Project, Olympia-Rafah Solidarity Mural Project, and the Rachel Corrie Foundation to Create the MAIA MURA...
- published: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 368
- author: EstriaFoundation
Lee Morgan - Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 03 Jul 2013
Love! Please do use 1080p for optimal quality.
http://wn.com/Lee_Morgan_Gaza_Strip
The 22 Day War Documentary - Gaza Strip Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:23
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
The 22 Day War on Gaza Strip Sameh A. Habeeb http://www.paltelegraph.com/index.php.
http://wn.com/The_22_Day_War_Documentary_Gaza_Strip_Part_1
The 22 Day War on Gaza Strip Sameh A. Habeeb http://www.paltelegraph.com/index.php.
- published: 06 Jul 2011
- views: 30765
- author: samakhab
Palestinians, West Bank, Gaza Strip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 05 Aug 2013
Calling Christians to pray for the Arab peoples living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Filmed in Bethlehem.
http://wn.com/Palestinians,_West_Bank,_Gaza_Strip
Calling Christians to pray for the Arab peoples living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Filmed in Bethlehem.
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- views: 570
- author: prayershorts
Who Is Responsible For The Gaza Strip Conflict?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Watch more at http://www.theyoungturks.com.
http://wn.com/Who_Is_Responsible_For_The_Gaza_Strip_Conflict?
Watch more at http://www.theyoungturks.com.
- published: 30 Dec 2008
- views: 82578
- author: The Young Turks
Send this Playlist by SMS
Resistance in the West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:52
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
We traveled to the largest refugee camp in the West Bank to meet some of the Palestinian youth, and to find out if the Palestinian Authority's commitment to ...
http://wn.com/Resistance_in_the_West_Bank
We traveled to the largest refugee camp in the West Bank to meet some of the Palestinian youth, and to find out if the Palestinian Authority's commitment to ...
- published: 09 Apr 2013
- views: 124481
- author: VICE
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Israel's Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Danny Ayalon explains the historical facts relating to the Israeli Palestinian conflict. The video explains where...
http://wn.com/Israel_Palestinian_Conflict_The_Truth_About_the_West_Bank
Israel's Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Danny Ayalon explains the historical facts relating to the Israeli Palestinian conflict. The video explains where...
- published: 12 Jul 2011
- views: 703976
- author: DannyAyalon
BBC Panorama Price Tag Wars 2012.好标题 Bons SOUS-TITRES.Israel west bank settlements
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:16
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
West bank Settlers hilltops youth "price tag" activity Holen Sie sich gute Qualität ÜBERSETZTE subs in Ihre Daten absenden und Sprache! Obtenir une bonne qua...
http://wn.com/BBC_Panorama_Price_Tag_Wars_2012好标题_Bons_SOUS-TITRESIsrael_west_bank_settlements
West bank Settlers hilltops youth "price tag" activity Holen Sie sich gute Qualität ÜBERSETZTE subs in Ihre Daten absenden und Sprache! Obtenir une bonne qua...
- published: 30 Apr 2013
- views: 2598
- author: Ancient12Tree
10 Unknown West Bank Facts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Visit us at http://www.StandWithUs.com/ LIKE us at https://www.facebook.com/StandWithUs Follow us at http://twitter.com/StandWithus Share, mirror, and subscr...
http://wn.com/10_Unknown_West_Bank_Facts
Visit us at http://www.StandWithUs.com/ LIKE us at https://www.facebook.com/StandWithUs Follow us at http://twitter.com/StandWithus Share, mirror, and subscr...
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 76300
- author: standwithus
Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Click here for the latest British & Irish Lions Brick by Brick http://vid.io/xHF Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank Subscribe to the Guardi...
http://wn.com/Jewish_settlers_attack_Palestinians_in_the_West_Bank
Click here for the latest British & Irish Lions Brick by Brick http://vid.io/xHF Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank Subscribe to the Guardi...
- published: 01 May 2013
- views: 2306
- author: TheGuardian
Excerpt: Rare peek at nightly raids of West Bank village (Nabi Saleh) with English subs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Updated: 06 Aug 2013
This is footage of Israeli soldiers raiding a home in the West Bank village of Nabi Saleh on the night of March 20th, 2012. This video captures a raid on the...
http://wn.com/Excerpt_Rare_peek_at_nightly_raids_of_West_Bank_village_Nabi_Saleh_with_English_subs
This is footage of Israeli soldiers raiding a home in the West Bank village of Nabi Saleh on the night of March 20th, 2012. This video captures a raid on the...
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 17626
- author: theIMEU
Israeli PM blames Palestinians for shooting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 06 Oct 2013
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that he holds the Palestinian Authority responsible for an attack on a young Israeli girl at the weekend. Netanyahu said the Palestinian government was to blame for continuing "incitement" in official Palestinian media. Relatives of the 9-year-old girl say she was shot by a Palestinian gunman in a West Bank settlement. She suffered minor wounds.
http://wn.com/Israeli_PM_blames_Palestinians_for_shooting
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that he holds the Palestinian Authority responsible for an attack on a young Israeli girl at the weekend. Netanyahu said the Palestinian government was to blame for continuing "incitement" in official Palestinian media. Relatives of the 9-year-old girl say she was shot by a Palestinian gunman in a West Bank settlement. She suffered minor wounds.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 235
Demonstration against the occupation and settlements, Sabastia, West Bank, 8.3.2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 05 Apr 2013
Palestinians demonstrate against the illegal settlement of 'Shavi Shomron' especially after the problem of sewage water that comes from the settlement to the...
http://wn.com/Demonstration_against_the_occupation_and_settlements,_Sabastia,_West_Bank,_832013
Palestinians demonstrate against the illegal settlement of 'Shavi Shomron' especially after the problem of sewage water that comes from the settlement to the...
- published: 08 Mar 2013
- views: 779
- author: yisraelpnm
West Bank Shooting: Israeli security forces hunt for shooter of 9-year-old in Psagot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 06 Oct 2013
A nine-year old girl has been wounded in an attack on the Israeli settlement of Psagot, north of Jerusalem in the West Bank. Israel Defense Forces said the suspect was no longer in the settlement. Hospital officials said the girl was wounded at around 9 P.M. when she was shot in the chest. She remained conscious and was evacuated to a Jerusalem hospital. IDF soldiers said they found evidence of a break-in in the fence surrounding the settlement, the suspect's escape route and an improvised weapon. About two weeks ago, an Israeli soldier was killed in a shooting attack near the West Bank city of Hebron. That shooting occurred a day after 20-year-old IDF soldier Tomer Hazan was founded murdered in another West Bank city. The increase in attacks come amid US efforts to jumpstart stalled Mideast peace talks between Palestinian and Israeli leader.
http://wn.com/West_Bank_Shooting_Israeli_security_forces_hunt_for_shooter_of_9-year-old_in_Psagot
A nine-year old girl has been wounded in an attack on the Israeli settlement of Psagot, north of Jerusalem in the West Bank. Israel Defense Forces said the suspect was no longer in the settlement. Hospital officials said the girl was wounded at around 9 P.M. when she was shot in the chest. She remained conscious and was evacuated to a Jerusalem hospital. IDF soldiers said they found evidence of a break-in in the fence surrounding the settlement, the suspect's escape route and an improvised weapon. About two weeks ago, an Israeli soldier was killed in a shooting attack near the West Bank city of Hebron. That shooting occurred a day after 20-year-old IDF soldier Tomer Hazan was founded murdered in another West Bank city. The increase in attacks come amid US efforts to jumpstart stalled Mideast peace talks between Palestinian and Israeli leader.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 28
HISTORICAL WEST BANK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 17 Jul 2013
The West Bank in Israel is very Historical and it is very important to Both the Jews and Christians...
http://wn.com/HISTORICAL_WEST_BANK
The West Bank in Israel is very Historical and it is very important to Both the Jews and Christians...
- published: 12 Feb 2012
- views: 2376
- author: gtasoul
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank (Shorter Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
This is the abridged version of Danny Ayalon's video. It's a great video, but he talks WAY too much. This version gets right to the point. Here is the link t...
http://wn.com/Israel_Palestinian_Conflict_The_Truth_About_the_West_Bank_Shorter_Version
This is the abridged version of Danny Ayalon's video. It's a great video, but he talks WAY too much. This version gets right to the point. Here is the link t...
- published: 19 Jul 2011
- views: 140444
- author: israelexplained
Solidarity protest with prisoners, Ofer military prison, West Bank, 15.2.2013.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:52
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
A solidarity protest with the hunger striking Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israeli prisons, outside the Ofer military prison, February 15, 2013. http://ww...
http://wn.com/Solidarity_protest_with_prisoners,_Ofer_military_prison,_West_Bank,_1522013wmv
A solidarity protest with the hunger striking Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israeli prisons, outside the Ofer military prison, February 15, 2013. http://ww...
- published: 16 Feb 2013
- views: 3552
- author: yisraelpnm
West Bank shootings raise tensions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 27 Aug 2013
Shootings in the Qalandia Refugee camp spark new clashes in the West Bank. CNN's Jim Clancy reports. More from CNN at http://www.cnn.com/
http://wn.com/West_Bank_shootings_raise_tensions
Shootings in the Qalandia Refugee camp spark new clashes in the West Bank. CNN's Jim Clancy reports. More from CNN at http://www.cnn.com/
- published: 27 Aug 2013
- views: 1344
West Bank Story - The Musical (Full Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:21
- Updated: 10 Aug 2013
All credits go to: http://www.westbankstory.com West Bank Story is a musical comedy about David, an Israeli soldier, and Fatima, a Palestinian fast food cash...
http://wn.com/West_Bank_Story_The_Musical_Full_Version
All credits go to: http://www.westbankstory.com West Bank Story is a musical comedy about David, an Israeli soldier, and Fatima, a Palestinian fast food cash...
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 19828
- author: LivingInMyOwnWorld79
Israeli Authorities Reveal Distribution of West Bank Land
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:57
- Updated: 06 Jul 2013
State lands in the occupied West Bank were declared by Israel for the use of the local population, but were used mainly for the colonization of the West Bank.
http://wn.com/Israeli_Authorities_Reveal_Distribution_of_West_Bank_Land
State lands in the occupied West Bank were declared by Israel for the use of the local population, but were used mainly for the colonization of the West Bank.
- published: 26 Apr 2013
- views: 2209
- author: TheRealNews
Israeli raid kills Palestinians in West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 26 Aug 2013
Israeli forces have killed three Palestinians, including a UN worker, in an early morning raid on the Qalandiya refugee camp in the occupied West Bank. Medical sources told Al Jazeera that at least 15 others were wounded, six of them seriously, during clashes between the Israeli forces and Palestinians that erupted after the raid on Monday. Al Jazeera's Sue Turton reports from Jerusalem.
http://wn.com/Israeli_raid_kills_Palestinians_in_West_Bank
Israeli forces have killed three Palestinians, including a UN worker, in an early morning raid on the Qalandiya refugee camp in the occupied West Bank. Medical sources told Al Jazeera that at least 15 others were wounded, six of them seriously, during clashes between the Israeli forces and Palestinians that erupted after the raid on Monday. Al Jazeera's Sue Turton reports from Jerusalem.
- published: 26 Aug 2013
- views: 859
Noam Chomsky "Denied Entry Into West Bank by Israel"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:54
- Updated: 06 Oct 2013
2010 Noam Chomsky interviewed by Channel 2 News of Israel, after he was denied entry into the West Bank to speak at Birzeit University.
http://wn.com/Noam_Chomsky_Denied_Entry_Into_West_Bank_by_Israel
2010 Noam Chomsky interviewed by Channel 2 News of Israel, after he was denied entry into the West Bank to speak at Birzeit University.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 594
Crap Cannon: Israel sprays putrid liquid to control West Bank crowd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
Israel has given the green light for the construction of a further 300 homes in a West Bank settlement.The number of eviction incidents has risen sharply sin...
http://wn.com/Crap_Cannon_Israel_sprays_putrid_liquid_to_control_West_Bank_crowd
Israel has given the green light for the construction of a further 300 homes in a West Bank settlement.The number of eviction incidents has risen sharply sin...
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 53992
- author: RussiaToday
Fear In The West Bank - Israel/Palestine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:31
- Updated: 12 Aug 2013
November 2009 A growing discontent with the Palestinian leadership is fuelling an aggressive new uprising amongst young people in the West Bank. Can Fatah re...
http://wn.com/Fear_In_The_West_Bank_Israel_Palestine
November 2009 A growing discontent with the Palestinian leadership is fuelling an aggressive new uprising amongst young people in the West Bank. Can Fatah re...
- published: 02 Nov 2009
- views: 147615
- author: Journeyman Pictures
Palestinians scuffle with Israeli troops in Jerusalem, West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 24 Sep 2013
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
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Palestinians scuffle with Israeli security forces in Jerusalem and in the West Bank city of Hebron. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters has maintained its reputation for speed, accuracy, and impact while providing exclusives, incisive commentary and forward-looking analysis.
http://reuters.com/
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https://plus.google.com/u/0/s/reuters
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http://wn.com/Palestinians_scuffle_with_Israeli_troops_in_Jerusalem,_West_Bank
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe
Palestinians scuffle with Israeli security forces in Jerusalem and in the West Bank city of Hebron. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters has maintained its reputation for speed, accuracy, and impact while providing exclusives, incisive commentary and forward-looking analysis.
http://reuters.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Reuters
https://plus.google.com/u/0/s/reuters
https://twitter.com/Reuters
- published: 24 Sep 2013
- views: 88
West Bank Barrier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 13 Sep 2013
Twenty years after the historic Oslo accords, seen then as the cornerstone of an imminent peace settlement, the goals of ending the decades-old conflict and paving the way for Palestinian statehood appear as distant as ever. One key source of dischord is the West Bank Barrier. Israel approved its construction in the summer of 2002 following a campaign of suicide bombings carried out by Palestinian militants. Israel describes the structure as a security barrier with no political significance. But some Palestinians view it as a way of protecting settlements and securing areas for expansion.vIDEOGRAPHIC
http://wn.com/West_Bank_Barrier
Twenty years after the historic Oslo accords, seen then as the cornerstone of an imminent peace settlement, the goals of ending the decades-old conflict and paving the way for Palestinian statehood appear as distant as ever. One key source of dischord is the West Bank Barrier. Israel approved its construction in the summer of 2002 following a campaign of suicide bombings carried out by Palestinian militants. Israel describes the structure as a security barrier with no political significance. But some Palestinians view it as a way of protecting settlements and securing areas for expansion.vIDEOGRAPHIC
- published: 13 Sep 2013
- views: 117
Protest against the occupation and settlements, Nabi Saleh, West Bank, 08.02.2013.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 26 Jul 2013
http://wn.com/Protest_against_the_occupation_and_settlements,_Nabi_Saleh,_West_Bank,_08022013wmv
Hamas in the West Bank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Israel's Channel 2 recently conducted a program on Hamas in the West Bank. Here is the report with English subtitles. The translation was completed by Jayne ...
http://wn.com/Hamas_in_the_West_Bank
Israel's Channel 2 recently conducted a program on Hamas in the West Bank. Here is the report with English subtitles. The translation was completed by Jayne ...
- published: 22 Dec 2012
- views: 7546
- author: ChallahHuAkbar
Send this Playlist by SMS
History of Jerusalem HD: Making of a Holy City | BBC Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:00
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
http://wn.com/History_of_Jerusalem_HD_Making_of_a_Holy_City_|_BBC_Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 132664
- author: DocumentaryNation
Jerusalem - The Hymn
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
The unofficial 'anthem' of England from the poem written by William Blake. A tribute to the generations that have gone before us to preserve that 'green and ...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_The_Hymn
The unofficial 'anthem' of England from the poem written by William Blake. A tribute to the generations that have gone before us to preserve that 'green and ...
- published: 27 Jun 2008
- views: 1495167
- author: piddflicks
History of Jerusalem HD: Reclaiming Zion | BBC Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:02
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
http://wn.com/History_of_Jerusalem_HD_Reclaiming_Zion_|_BBC_Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 100404
- author: DocumentaryNation
History of Jerusalem HD: Invasions | BBC Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:55
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
http://wn.com/History_of_Jerusalem_HD_Invasions_|_BBC_Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 104465
- author: DocumentaryNation
Amazing Jerusalem- Tour of the Old City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:28
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
I'm taking you on a trip to this incredible old city beginning with the Main gate towards the old market passing in Via Dolorosa then visiting the Al Aqsa Mo...
http://wn.com/Amazing_Jerusalem_Tour_of_the_Old_City
I'm taking you on a trip to this incredible old city beginning with the Main gate towards the old market passing in Via Dolorosa then visiting the Al Aqsa Mo...
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 188447
- author: LearnArabicwithMaha
Jerusalem: A Cup of Trembling
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:25
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. ...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_A_Cup_of_Trembling
"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. ...
- published: 15 May 2013
- views: 4043
- author: Prophecy Update Videos
![Holy Temples of Jerusalem and the Ark of the Covenant (Biblical Mysteries EP23) [FULL VIDEO]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131016142245im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/yRNRywY9G58/default.jpg "Holy Temples of Jerusalem and the Ark of the Covenant (Biblical Mysteries EP23) [FULL VIDEO]")
Holy Temples of Jerusalem and the Ark of the Covenant (Biblical Mysteries EP23) [FULL VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:54
- Updated: 16 Aug 2013
An examination of the history of the three holy temples of Jerusalem and the ark of the covenant. There are rituals associated over time with different parts...
http://wn.com/Holy_Temples_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Ark_of_the_Covenant_Biblical_Mysteries_EP23_FULL_VIDEO_
An examination of the history of the three holy temples of Jerusalem and the ark of the covenant. There are rituals associated over time with different parts...
- published: 26 Jun 2013
- views: 591
- author: DiscoveryHaven
Jerusalem - The Hoppers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Updated: 20 Aug 2013
Taken from the live from toronto homecoming purchased at www.gaithernet.com the hoppers singing jerusalem live, gospel, christian, god, jesus, music, quartet...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_The_Hoppers
Taken from the live from toronto homecoming purchased at www.gaithernet.com the hoppers singing jerusalem live, gospel, christian, god, jesus, music, quartet...
- published: 28 Mar 2007
- views: 1758812
- author: Rick E
Jerusalem: 4000 Years in 5 Minutes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Jerusalem, a mosaic of different peoples, faiths, and nationalities. Nevertheless, despite this diversity, under the sovereignty of Israel, Jerusalem is a ci...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_4000_Years_in_5_Minutes
Jerusalem, a mosaic of different peoples, faiths, and nationalities. Nevertheless, despite this diversity, under the sovereignty of Israel, Jerusalem is a ci...
- published: 30 May 2011
- views: 608917
- author: TheJerusalemCenter
THE FIRST CRUSADE - THE FALL OF JERUSALEM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 87:08
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
For more Historic Crusader Battles visit: http://www.greatmilitarybattles.com/
http://wn.com/THE_FIRST_CRUSADE_THE_FALL_OF_JERUSALEM
For more Historic Crusader Battles visit: http://www.greatmilitarybattles.com/
- published: 20 Mar 2013
- views: 106609
- author: GREATMILITARYBATTLES
Jerusalem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Jerusalem takes audiences on an inspiring and breathtaking tour of one of the world's oldest and most enigmatic cities. Destroyed and rebuilt countless times...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem
Jerusalem takes audiences on an inspiring and breathtaking tour of one of the world's oldest and most enigmatic cities. Destroyed and rebuilt countless times...
- published: 16 Aug 2013
- views: 301
- author: NationalGeographic
Wake the Dawn: The Story of Jerusalem's Holy Temple
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:56
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
http://www.messianic-temple.com/ The Talmud's account of many historical events differs from the general consensus amongst Archeologists and Historians. "Wak...
http://wn.com/Wake_the_Dawn_The_Story_of_Jerusalem's_Holy_Temple
http://www.messianic-temple.com/ The Talmud's account of many historical events differs from the general consensus amongst Archeologists and Historians. "Wak...
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 19432
- author: Chaim Clorfene
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_Last_Night_of_the_Proms_2009
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009.
- published: 13 Sep 2009
- views: 318165
- author: WeShallFightOn
Leader of Sephardic community passes away at age 93
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 08 Oct 2013
Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have flooded the streets of Jerusalem to mourn the death of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Sephardic Jewish community, who passed away Monday morning at the age of 93 after a long battle with illness. Streets in Israel's capital were closed off as throngs of mourners, some tearing their clothes in grief, participated in a funeral procession which took three hours to snake its way from the Porat Yosef yeshiva to the Sanhedria cemetery, normally a 5 minute drive.
http://wn.com/Leader_of_Sephardic_community_passes_away_at_age_93
Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have flooded the streets of Jerusalem to mourn the death of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Sephardic Jewish community, who passed away Monday morning at the age of 93 after a long battle with illness. Streets in Israel's capital were closed off as throngs of mourners, some tearing their clothes in grief, participated in a funeral procession which took three hours to snake its way from the Porat Yosef yeshiva to the Sanhedria cemetery, normally a 5 minute drive.
- published: 08 Oct 2013
- views: 59
Matisyahu - Jerusalem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Matisyahu : Jerusalem : No Riddim : Youth : 200?
http://wn.com/Matisyahu_Jerusalem
Matisyahu : Jerusalem : No Riddim : Youth : 200?
- published: 24 Nov 2008
- views: 3571076
- author: LeboKunda
Matisyahu - Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Music video by Matisyahu performing Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light). (C) 2006 SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT.
http://wn.com/Matisyahu_Jerusalem_Out_Of_Darkness_Comes_Light
Music video by Matisyahu performing Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light). (C) 2006 SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT.
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 4425875
- author: MatisyahuVEVO
Last Night Proms 2011 - Jerusalem, God Save The Queen & Auld Lang Syne
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 18 Aug 2013
Edward Gardner conducts BBC Symphony Orchestra, BBC Singers, BBC Symphony Chorus for Hubert Parrys Jerusalem and then God Save The Queen during the Last Nigh...
http://wn.com/Last_Night_Proms_2011_Jerusalem,_God_Save_The_Queen_Auld_Lang_Syne
Edward Gardner conducts BBC Symphony Orchestra, BBC Singers, BBC Symphony Chorus for Hubert Parrys Jerusalem and then God Save The Queen during the Last Nigh...
- published: 13 Sep 2011
- views: 360185
- author: RupertJones
The Royal Wedding - Jerusalem (HD) (29 April 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 19 Aug 2013
Uploading this as the moment was inspiring even to this American! Besides, the BBC's coverage lacked the camera shots of the pride-filled English crowds outs...
http://wn.com/The_Royal_Wedding_Jerusalem_HD_29_April_2011
Uploading this as the moment was inspiring even to this American! Besides, the BBC's coverage lacked the camera shots of the pride-filled English crowds outs...
- published: 29 Apr 2011
- views: 380909
- author: pishposhx
Mein neues Leben in Jerusalem - Eine Deutsche unter orthodoxen Juden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:00
- Updated: 14 Aug 2013
Porträt der ins Judentum konvertierten Deutschen Elishewa, die in Jerusalem mit ihrem Mann und sieben Kindern das abgeschottete, entbehrungsreiche und streng...
http://wn.com/Mein_neues_Leben_in_Jerusalem_Eine_Deutsche_unter_orthodoxen_Juden
Porträt der ins Judentum konvertierten Deutschen Elishewa, die in Jerusalem mit ihrem Mann und sieben Kindern das abgeschottete, entbehrungsreiche und streng...
- published: 20 Jun 2012
- views: 25256
- author: dokujidd
Trip to Israel (jerusalem,masada) May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:08
- Updated: 13 Aug 2013
A visit to; Jerusalem, the old city, a ramparts walk, the Citadel, the Jewish quarter, church of the Holy Sepulchre, Masada, ...........
http://wn.com/Trip_to_Israel_jerusalem,masada_May_2012
A visit to; Jerusalem, the old city, a ramparts walk, the Citadel, the Jewish quarter, church of the Holy Sepulchre, Masada, ...........
- published: 09 Mar 2013
- views: 957
- author: sakru sacona
Jerusalem - Discovery Channel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:28
- Updated: 12 Jul 2013
Video Documental del Discovery Channel.
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_Discovery_Channel
![Jerusalem | Filmed in Imax 3D [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131016142245im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/hkKytHCHCYI/default.jpg "Jerusalem | Filmed in Imax 3D [HD]")
Jerusalem | Filmed in Imax 3D [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 17 Aug 2013
Join the production : jerusalemthemovie.com After a year of research and preparation, the giant screen film JERUSALEM advanced into production with an unprec...
http://wn.com/Jerusalem_|_Filmed_in_Imax_3D_HD_
Join the production : jerusalemthemovie.com After a year of research and preparation, the giant screen film JERUSALEM advanced into production with an unprec...
- published: 04 Sep 2011
- views: 41043
- author: JerusalemTheMovie
Walk Through the Old City of Jerusalem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:32
- Updated: 15 Aug 2013
Tour the Old City of Jerusalem with Dr. David Reagan on the television show Christ in Prophecy!
http://wn.com/Walk_Through_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem
Tour the Old City of Jerusalem with Dr. David Reagan on the television show Christ in Prophecy!
- published: 16 May 2012
- views: 12007
- author: ChristInProphecy
33:41
Crime & Punishment in the Gaza Strip
We finally got a rare glimpse of the embattled Gaza Strip and a chance to see what life wa...
published: 10 Jul 2012
author: VICE
Crime & Punishment in the Gaza Strip
We finally got a rare glimpse of the embattled Gaza Strip and a chance to see what life was like under the rule of Hamas. In 2007 we tried and failed to get ...
- published: 10 Jul 2012
- views: 1116977
- author: VICE
72:05
GAZA STRIP by James Longley
In early 2001 I spent three months in Gaza filming material for this documentary, GAZA STR...
published: 25 Dec 2012
author: NoTimeToStray
GAZA STRIP by James Longley
In early 2001 I spent three months in Gaza filming material for this documentary, GAZA STRIP, working with local fixer and translator, Mohammed Mohanna. The ...
- published: 25 Dec 2012
- views: 889
- author: NoTimeToStray
9:17
Joining the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip | Journal Reporter
Tania Krämer joins the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip....
published: 26 Nov 2009
author: deutschewelleenglish
Joining the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip | Journal Reporter
Tania Krämer joins the tunnel diggers in the Gaza Strip.
- published: 26 Nov 2009
- views: 18978
- author: deutschewelleenglish
11:09
Massive Israeli Strike-back on Gaza Strip (Disturbing Video)
"Israeli aircraft, tanks and naval gunboats pounded the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip on Thursday...
published: 15 Nov 2012
author: The Young Turks
Massive Israeli Strike-back on Gaza Strip (Disturbing Video)
"Israeli aircraft, tanks and naval gunboats pounded the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip on Thursday and rocket salvoes thudded into southern Israel, as terrified resi...
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 651706
- author: The Young Turks
1:03
Jerusalem relaxes Gaza restrictions: Israel allows construction material to enter Gaza Strip
Israel has begun allowing construction material, for private builders, into the Gaza Strip...
published: 23 Sep 2013
Jerusalem relaxes Gaza restrictions: Israel allows construction material to enter Gaza Strip
Israel has begun allowing construction material, for private builders, into the Gaza Strip for the first time in six years. Gaza, which is run by Islamist group Hamas has been struggling with a shortage of building material, especially since July, when the Egyptian military began a crackdown on smuggling tunnels used to supply goods and weapons from Egypt into the Palestinian enclave.
- published: 23 Sep 2013
- views: 138
1:15
Gaza Strip: Female Israeli Soldiers In Trouble For Posting Racy Photos
A group of new recruits in the Israeli army posted a horde of semi-nude photos to Facebook...
published: 05 Jun 2013
author: newshouronline
Gaza Strip: Female Israeli Soldiers In Trouble For Posting Racy Photos
A group of new recruits in the Israeli army posted a horde of semi-nude photos to Facebook...and they're getting in a lot of trouble for it. The women have b...
- published: 05 Jun 2013
- views: 23741
- author: newshouronline
1:03
Egypt reopens border with Gaza Strip
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuters...
published: 24 Aug 2013
Egypt reopens border with Gaza Strip
More Breaking News: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe
Egypt reopens its border crossing with the Gaza Strip allowing people to cross in and out of the Palestinian territory after four days of closure. Tom Dinham reports.
Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters has maintained its reputation for speed, accuracy, and impact while providing exclusives, incisive commentary and forward-looking analysis.
http://reuters.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Reuters
https://plus.google.com/u/0/s/reuters
https://twitter.com/Reuters
- published: 24 Aug 2013
- views: 28
30:30
Inshallah: a virtual tour of the Gaza Strip
by Maurice Jacobsen in Gaza http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/06/07/18681250.php....
published: 26 Aug 2012
author: FatehYouth Germany
Inshallah: a virtual tour of the Gaza Strip
by Maurice Jacobsen in Gaza http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/06/07/18681250.php.
- published: 26 Aug 2012
- views: 3262
- author: FatehYouth Germany
73:57
The Gaza Strip. Documentary . Palestine - Israel
Free palestine http://www.imitation.it/ --- http://www.imitation.it/video.html....
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: Jakeo cognomee
The Gaza Strip. Documentary . Palestine - Israel
Free palestine http://www.imitation.it/ --- http://www.imitation.it/video.html.
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 849
- author: Jakeo cognomee
2:44
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit Tel Aviv and Israel
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit South Israel and...
published: 15 Nov 2012
author: MrViralNews
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit Tel Aviv and Israel
Rocket Attack From Gaza Strip Kills 3 Israelis - Now Over 200 Rockets Hit South Israel and Tel Aviv Militants in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip killed three Isra...
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 395470
- author: MrViralNews
2:23
Gaza Strip faces water crisis
The Gaza Strip is facing a water crisis. The UN says its only underground aquifer is incre...
published: 09 Jul 2013
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Gaza Strip faces water crisis
The Gaza Strip is facing a water crisis. The UN says its only underground aquifer is increasingly contaminated by salt water and sewage. Only 10 percent of i...
- published: 09 Jul 2013
- views: 2198
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
4:54
Farming in Khuza'a. Gaza Strip.
Farmers are working in Gaza buffer zone under threat of Israeli soldiers, tanks, bullets, ...
published: 02 Jun 2013
author: Gal·la
Farming in Khuza'a. Gaza Strip.
Farmers are working in Gaza buffer zone under threat of Israeli soldiers, tanks, bullets, etc. This video shows the difficulty of daily life for farmers in K...
- published: 02 Jun 2013
- views: 331
- author: Gal·la
4:08
Life or death in the Gaza strip "war between Jews and Muslims"
Hamas fires rocket at Tel Aviv after Israel flattens buildings http://worldnews.nbcnews.co...
published: 17 Nov 2012
author: REALVIDEOS2013
Life or death in the Gaza strip "war between Jews and Muslims"
Hamas fires rocket at Tel Aviv after Israel flattens buildings http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/17/15229132-hamas-fires-rocket-at-tel-aviv-after-is...
- published: 17 Nov 2012
- views: 1137
- author: REALVIDEOS2013
2:39
Israel attacks Gaza Strip
Two members of the al-Quds Brigades, the military wing of Islamic Jihad, were killed when ...
published: 26 Dec 2010
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Israel attacks Gaza Strip
Two members of the al-Quds Brigades, the military wing of Islamic Jihad, were killed when Israeli soldiers opened fire in the Gaza Strip. It happened near th...
- published: 26 Dec 2010
- views: 27197
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Vimeo results:
3:32
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who v...
published: 01 Oct 2012
author: Nina Paley
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who viewer's guide here: http://blog.ninapaley.com/2012/10/01/this-land-is-mine/
NEW: we now have MERCH! A This Land Is Mine silk pocket square: http://questioncopyright.com/sm-tlim-pocket-sq.html Makes a great fashion accessory or matzoh cover, and supports the artist.
4:16
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of th...
published: 20 Oct 2011
author: Matty Brown
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of the cultures were, but I got deeper and deeper, seeing all walks of life living together in this amazing land. The conglomerate of things happening in that tiny, but EPIC country (it's smaller than New Jersey!) packed a punch like a bustling beehive. I was overwhelmed and totally let Israel envelope me. I bonded with every flavor of person there... they were all Israeli. They were all beautiful people. (By the way, the title isn't spelled wrong, lol...read it again ;)
Shot with the 7D and edited with Sony Vegas
I edited this video with a fever, kidney infection, and $4 headphones! LOL.
Music by the amazing John Adams (Harmonielehre_ Part III - Meister) http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000TH4VOK/ref=dm_mu_dp_trk3
Featured in The Atlantic Magazine
SPECIAL THANKS:
-GONCALO DE ALMEIDA COSTA for touring me to the best places and meeting the best guides and locals!
-KEITH RIVERS for letting me borrow his camera for the trip!
-NATHAN MILLER for stocking me up on batteries and cards!
Thank you guys for trusting me with your stuff! haha.
4:10
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:...
published: 15 Oct 2010
author: Grant Slater
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:
http://longtelegram.com/free-music
footage and production - grant slater
the band - yael birenbaum, itay shani, ori alboher and itamar cohen
thanks - karoun demirjian, mich'ael zupraner, josef federman, maja hitij and george mallory
http://grant-slater.com
2:47
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this...
published: 16 Dec 2009
author: Guy Jackson
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this past year.
Work or just fun I always had it ready to go, I love the insane picture quality.
This collection is of things I shot while testing different looks and equipment before selling it to my clients.
New 5D Video: http://www.vimeo.com/16118172
Shot in: NY, NJ, Peru, Ireland, Mexico, Israel and Palestine. …Apparently I did some time traveling as well.
If you liked it watch my other 5D MK 2 videos.
Gear used:
Canon 50mm 1.4
canon 70-200 2.8
canon 45mm 2.8 T/S lens
sigma 12-24mm
Hoodman 3 ( i got a Z-finder since)
Glidecam 4000 pro for the moving shots.
80% of the shots are hand held.
Youtube results:
7:44
Gaza Strip part 1
Many of us judge the Israeli/Palestinian conflict from the outside looking in. This docume...
published: 04 Jan 2009
author: pinrelief
Gaza Strip part 1
Many of us judge the Israeli/Palestinian conflict from the outside looking in. This documentary gives us the opportunity to look at it from the inside. Looki...
- published: 04 Jan 2009
- views: 24911
- author: pinrelief
1:34
Israel pounds Gaza Strip from air and sea
Israel's bombardment of Gaza has entered a fifth day. Two media office buildings housing P...
published: 18 Nov 2012
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Israel pounds Gaza Strip from air and sea
Israel's bombardment of Gaza has entered a fifth day. Two media office buildings housing Palestinian and international journalists have been hit. The Israeli...
- published: 18 Nov 2012
- views: 18904
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
2:10
Israel 'set calorie limit' for Gaza Strip
Israel's government has been forced to reveal how far it looked into restricting food to G...
published: 17 Oct 2012
author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Israel 'set calorie limit' for Gaza Strip
Israel's government has been forced to reveal how far it looked into restricting food to Gaza during the 2007 blockade. Human rights groups say it amounted t...
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 7465
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
3:28
Gaza Strip: Anderson Cooper Shaken in Blast
"Anderson Cooper had a close call on the Gaza frontline when a rocket exploded just a few ...
published: 21 Nov 2012
author: TheYoungTurks
Gaza Strip: Anderson Cooper Shaken in Blast
"Anderson Cooper had a close call on the Gaza frontline when a rocket exploded just a few blocks from where he was reporting live. The CNN anchor was speakin...
- published: 21 Nov 2012
- views: 59941
- author: TheYoungTurks
32:52
Resistance in the West Bank
We traveled to the largest refugee camp in the West Bank to meet some of the Palestinian y...
published: 09 Apr 2013
author: VICE
Resistance in the West Bank
We traveled to the largest refugee camp in the West Bank to meet some of the Palestinian youth, and to find out if the Palestinian Authority's commitment to ...
- published: 09 Apr 2013
- views: 124481
- author: VICE
6:17
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank
Israel's Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Danny Ayalon explains the historical facts rel...
published: 12 Jul 2011
author: DannyAyalon
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank
Israel's Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Danny Ayalon explains the historical facts relating to the Israeli Palestinian conflict. The video explains where...
- published: 12 Jul 2011
- views: 703976
- author: DannyAyalon
29:16
BBC Panorama Price Tag Wars 2012.好标题 Bons SOUS-TITRES.Israel west bank settlements
West bank Settlers hilltops youth "price tag" activity Holen Sie sich gute Qualität ÜBERSE...
published: 30 Apr 2013
author: Ancient12Tree
BBC Panorama Price Tag Wars 2012.好标题 Bons SOUS-TITRES.Israel west bank settlements
West bank Settlers hilltops youth "price tag" activity Holen Sie sich gute Qualität ÜBERSETZTE subs in Ihre Daten absenden und Sprache! Obtenir une bonne qua...
- published: 30 Apr 2013
- views: 2598
- author: Ancient12Tree
2:40
10 Unknown West Bank Facts
Visit us at http://www.StandWithUs.com/ LIKE us at https://www.facebook.com/StandWithUs Fo...
published: 25 Jul 2011
author: standwithus
10 Unknown West Bank Facts
Visit us at http://www.StandWithUs.com/ LIKE us at https://www.facebook.com/StandWithUs Follow us at http://twitter.com/StandWithus Share, mirror, and subscr...
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 76300
- author: standwithus
1:10
Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank
Click here for the latest British & Irish Lions Brick by Brick http://vid.io/xHF Jewish se...
published: 01 May 2013
author: TheGuardian
Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank
Click here for the latest British & Irish Lions Brick by Brick http://vid.io/xHF Jewish settlers attack Palestinians in the West Bank Subscribe to the Guardi...
- published: 01 May 2013
- views: 2306
- author: TheGuardian
9:31
Excerpt: Rare peek at nightly raids of West Bank village (Nabi Saleh) with English subs
This is footage of Israeli soldiers raiding a home in the West Bank village of Nabi Saleh ...
published: 23 Mar 2012
author: theIMEU
Excerpt: Rare peek at nightly raids of West Bank village (Nabi Saleh) with English subs
This is footage of Israeli soldiers raiding a home in the West Bank village of Nabi Saleh on the night of March 20th, 2012. This video captures a raid on the...
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 17626
- author: theIMEU
0:55
Israeli PM blames Palestinians for shooting
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that he holds the Palestinian Authority...
published: 06 Oct 2013
Israeli PM blames Palestinians for shooting
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that he holds the Palestinian Authority responsible for an attack on a young Israeli girl at the weekend. Netanyahu said the Palestinian government was to blame for continuing "incitement" in official Palestinian media. Relatives of the 9-year-old girl say she was shot by a Palestinian gunman in a West Bank settlement. She suffered minor wounds.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 235
6:30
Demonstration against the occupation and settlements, Sabastia, West Bank, 8.3.2013
Palestinians demonstrate against the illegal settlement of 'Shavi Shomron' especially afte...
published: 08 Mar 2013
author: yisraelpnm
Demonstration against the occupation and settlements, Sabastia, West Bank, 8.3.2013
Palestinians demonstrate against the illegal settlement of 'Shavi Shomron' especially after the problem of sewage water that comes from the settlement to the...
- published: 08 Mar 2013
- views: 779
- author: yisraelpnm
0:53
West Bank Shooting: Israeli security forces hunt for shooter of 9-year-old in Psagot
A nine-year old girl has been wounded in an attack on the Israeli settlement of Psagot, no...
published: 06 Oct 2013
West Bank Shooting: Israeli security forces hunt for shooter of 9-year-old in Psagot
A nine-year old girl has been wounded in an attack on the Israeli settlement of Psagot, north of Jerusalem in the West Bank. Israel Defense Forces said the suspect was no longer in the settlement. Hospital officials said the girl was wounded at around 9 P.M. when she was shot in the chest. She remained conscious and was evacuated to a Jerusalem hospital. IDF soldiers said they found evidence of a break-in in the fence surrounding the settlement, the suspect's escape route and an improvised weapon. About two weeks ago, an Israeli soldier was killed in a shooting attack near the West Bank city of Hebron. That shooting occurred a day after 20-year-old IDF soldier Tomer Hazan was founded murdered in another West Bank city. The increase in attacks come amid US efforts to jumpstart stalled Mideast peace talks between Palestinian and Israeli leader.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 28
4:25
HISTORICAL WEST BANK
The West Bank in Israel is very Historical and it is very important to Both the Jews and C...
published: 12 Feb 2012
author: gtasoul
HISTORICAL WEST BANK
The West Bank in Israel is very Historical and it is very important to Both the Jews and Christians...
- published: 12 Feb 2012
- views: 2376
- author: gtasoul
3:45
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank (Shorter Version)
This is the abridged version of Danny Ayalon's video. It's a great video, but he talks WAY...
published: 19 Jul 2011
author: israelexplained
Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank (Shorter Version)
This is the abridged version of Danny Ayalon's video. It's a great video, but he talks WAY too much. This version gets right to the point. Here is the link t...
- published: 19 Jul 2011
- views: 140444
- author: israelexplained
11:52
Solidarity protest with prisoners, Ofer military prison, West Bank, 15.2.2013.wmv
A solidarity protest with the hunger striking Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israeli pris...
published: 16 Feb 2013
author: yisraelpnm
Solidarity protest with prisoners, Ofer military prison, West Bank, 15.2.2013.wmv
A solidarity protest with the hunger striking Palestinian prisoners jailed in Israeli prisons, outside the Ofer military prison, February 15, 2013. http://ww...
- published: 16 Feb 2013
- views: 3552
- author: yisraelpnm
2:20
West Bank shootings raise tensions
Shootings in the Qalandia Refugee camp spark new clashes in the West Bank. CNN's Jim Clanc...
published: 27 Aug 2013
West Bank shootings raise tensions
Shootings in the Qalandia Refugee camp spark new clashes in the West Bank. CNN's Jim Clancy reports. More from CNN at http://www.cnn.com/
- published: 27 Aug 2013
- views: 1344
21:21
West Bank Story - The Musical (Full Version)
All credits go to: http://www.westbankstory.com West Bank Story is a musical comedy about ...
published: 20 Nov 2012
author: LivingInMyOwnWorld79
West Bank Story - The Musical (Full Version)
All credits go to: http://www.westbankstory.com West Bank Story is a musical comedy about David, an Israeli soldier, and Fatima, a Palestinian fast food cash...
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 19828
- author: LivingInMyOwnWorld79
Vimeo results:
3:32
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who v...
published: 01 Oct 2012
author: Nina Paley
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who viewer's guide here: http://blog.ninapaley.com/2012/10/01/this-land-is-mine/
NEW: we now have MERCH! A This Land Is Mine silk pocket square: http://questioncopyright.com/sm-tlim-pocket-sq.html Makes a great fashion accessory or matzoh cover, and supports the artist.
4:16
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of th...
published: 20 Oct 2011
author: Matty Brown
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of the cultures were, but I got deeper and deeper, seeing all walks of life living together in this amazing land. The conglomerate of things happening in that tiny, but EPIC country (it's smaller than New Jersey!) packed a punch like a bustling beehive. I was overwhelmed and totally let Israel envelope me. I bonded with every flavor of person there... they were all Israeli. They were all beautiful people. (By the way, the title isn't spelled wrong, lol...read it again ;)
Shot with the 7D and edited with Sony Vegas
I edited this video with a fever, kidney infection, and $4 headphones! LOL.
Music by the amazing John Adams (Harmonielehre_ Part III - Meister) http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000TH4VOK/ref=dm_mu_dp_trk3
Featured in The Atlantic Magazine
SPECIAL THANKS:
-GONCALO DE ALMEIDA COSTA for touring me to the best places and meeting the best guides and locals!
-KEITH RIVERS for letting me borrow his camera for the trip!
-NATHAN MILLER for stocking me up on batteries and cards!
Thank you guys for trusting me with your stuff! haha.
4:10
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:...
published: 15 Oct 2010
author: Grant Slater
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:
http://longtelegram.com/free-music
footage and production - grant slater
the band - yael birenbaum, itay shani, ori alboher and itamar cohen
thanks - karoun demirjian, mich'ael zupraner, josef federman, maja hitij and george mallory
http://grant-slater.com
2:47
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this...
published: 16 Dec 2009
author: Guy Jackson
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this past year.
Work or just fun I always had it ready to go, I love the insane picture quality.
This collection is of things I shot while testing different looks and equipment before selling it to my clients.
New 5D Video: http://www.vimeo.com/16118172
Shot in: NY, NJ, Peru, Ireland, Mexico, Israel and Palestine. …Apparently I did some time traveling as well.
If you liked it watch my other 5D MK 2 videos.
Gear used:
Canon 50mm 1.4
canon 70-200 2.8
canon 45mm 2.8 T/S lens
sigma 12-24mm
Hoodman 3 ( i got a Z-finder since)
Glidecam 4000 pro for the moving shots.
80% of the shots are hand held.
Youtube results:
7:57
Israeli Authorities Reveal Distribution of West Bank Land
State lands in the occupied West Bank were declared by Israel for the use of the local pop...
published: 26 Apr 2013
author: TheRealNews
Israeli Authorities Reveal Distribution of West Bank Land
State lands in the occupied West Bank were declared by Israel for the use of the local population, but were used mainly for the colonization of the West Bank.
- published: 26 Apr 2013
- views: 2209
- author: TheRealNews
2:46
Israeli raid kills Palestinians in West Bank
Israeli forces have killed three Palestinians, including a UN worker, in an early morning ...
published: 26 Aug 2013
Israeli raid kills Palestinians in West Bank
Israeli forces have killed three Palestinians, including a UN worker, in an early morning raid on the Qalandiya refugee camp in the occupied West Bank. Medical sources told Al Jazeera that at least 15 others were wounded, six of them seriously, during clashes between the Israeli forces and Palestinians that erupted after the raid on Monday. Al Jazeera's Sue Turton reports from Jerusalem.
- published: 26 Aug 2013
- views: 859
21:54
Noam Chomsky "Denied Entry Into West Bank by Israel"
2010 Noam Chomsky interviewed by Channel 2 News of Israel, after he was denied entry into ...
published: 06 Oct 2013
Noam Chomsky "Denied Entry Into West Bank by Israel"
2010 Noam Chomsky interviewed by Channel 2 News of Israel, after he was denied entry into the West Bank to speak at Birzeit University.
- published: 06 Oct 2013
- views: 594
2:46
Crap Cannon: Israel sprays putrid liquid to control West Bank crowd
Israel has given the green light for the construction of a further 300 homes in a West Ban...
published: 11 May 2013
author: RussiaToday
Crap Cannon: Israel sprays putrid liquid to control West Bank crowd
Israel has given the green light for the construction of a further 300 homes in a West Bank settlement.The number of eviction incidents has risen sharply sin...
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 53992
- author: RussiaToday
59:00
History of Jerusalem HD: Making of a Holy City | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the hi...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: DocumentaryNation
History of Jerusalem HD: Making of a Holy City | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 132664
- author: DocumentaryNation
5:01
Jerusalem - The Hymn
The unofficial 'anthem' of England from the poem written by William Blake. A tribute to th...
published: 27 Jun 2008
author: piddflicks
Jerusalem - The Hymn
The unofficial 'anthem' of England from the poem written by William Blake. A tribute to the generations that have gone before us to preserve that 'green and ...
- published: 27 Jun 2008
- views: 1495167
- author: piddflicks
59:02
History of Jerusalem HD: Reclaiming Zion | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the hi...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: DocumentaryNation
History of Jerusalem HD: Reclaiming Zion | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 100404
- author: DocumentaryNation
58:55
History of Jerusalem HD: Invasions | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the hi...
published: 18 Feb 2013
author: DocumentaryNation
History of Jerusalem HD: Invasions | BBC Documentary
Author and Historian Simon Sebag Montefiore, presents a three part series exploring the history of the sacred, and peerlessly beautiful city - Jerusalem. Jer...
- published: 18 Feb 2013
- views: 104465
- author: DocumentaryNation
12:28
Amazing Jerusalem- Tour of the Old City
I'm taking you on a trip to this incredible old city beginning with the Main gate towards ...
published: 09 Jul 2012
author: LearnArabicwithMaha
Amazing Jerusalem- Tour of the Old City
I'm taking you on a trip to this incredible old city beginning with the Main gate towards the old market passing in Via Dolorosa then visiting the Al Aqsa Mo...
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 188447
- author: LearnArabicwithMaha
50:25
Jerusalem: A Cup of Trembling
"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when th...
published: 15 May 2013
author: Prophecy Update Videos
Jerusalem: A Cup of Trembling
"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. ...
- published: 15 May 2013
- views: 4043
- author: Prophecy Update Videos
44:54
Holy Temples of Jerusalem and the Ark of the Covenant (Biblical Mysteries EP23) [FULL VIDEO]
An examination of the history of the three holy temples of Jerusalem and the ark of the co...
published: 26 Jun 2013
author: DiscoveryHaven
Holy Temples of Jerusalem and the Ark of the Covenant (Biblical Mysteries EP23) [FULL VIDEO]
An examination of the history of the three holy temples of Jerusalem and the ark of the covenant. There are rituals associated over time with different parts...
- published: 26 Jun 2013
- views: 591
- author: DiscoveryHaven
4:55
Jerusalem - The Hoppers
Taken from the live from toronto homecoming purchased at www.gaithernet.com the hoppers si...
published: 28 Mar 2007
author: Rick E
Jerusalem - The Hoppers
Taken from the live from toronto homecoming purchased at www.gaithernet.com the hoppers singing jerusalem live, gospel, christian, god, jesus, music, quartet...
- published: 28 Mar 2007
- views: 1758812
- author: Rick E
5:16
Jerusalem: 4000 Years in 5 Minutes
Jerusalem, a mosaic of different peoples, faiths, and nationalities. Nevertheless, despite...
published: 30 May 2011
author: TheJerusalemCenter
Jerusalem: 4000 Years in 5 Minutes
Jerusalem, a mosaic of different peoples, faiths, and nationalities. Nevertheless, despite this diversity, under the sovereignty of Israel, Jerusalem is a ci...
- published: 30 May 2011
- views: 608917
- author: TheJerusalemCenter
87:08
THE FIRST CRUSADE - THE FALL OF JERUSALEM
For more Historic Crusader Battles visit: http://www.greatmilitarybattles.com/...
published: 20 Mar 2013
author: GREATMILITARYBATTLES
THE FIRST CRUSADE - THE FALL OF JERUSALEM
For more Historic Crusader Battles visit: http://www.greatmilitarybattles.com/
- published: 20 Mar 2013
- views: 106609
- author: GREATMILITARYBATTLES
1:53
Jerusalem
Jerusalem takes audiences on an inspiring and breathtaking tour of one of the world's olde...
published: 16 Aug 2013
author: NationalGeographic
Jerusalem
Jerusalem takes audiences on an inspiring and breathtaking tour of one of the world's oldest and most enigmatic cities. Destroyed and rebuilt countless times...
- published: 16 Aug 2013
- views: 301
- author: NationalGeographic
31:56
Wake the Dawn: The Story of Jerusalem's Holy Temple
http://www.messianic-temple.com/ The Talmud's account of many historical events differs fr...
published: 15 Jun 2012
author: Chaim Clorfene
Wake the Dawn: The Story of Jerusalem's Holy Temple
http://www.messianic-temple.com/ The Talmud's account of many historical events differs from the general consensus amongst Archeologists and Historians. "Wak...
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 19432
- author: Chaim Clorfene
3:14
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009....
published: 13 Sep 2009
author: WeShallFightOn
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009
Jerusalem - Last Night of the Proms 2009.
- published: 13 Sep 2009
- views: 318165
- author: WeShallFightOn
0:51
Leader of Sephardic community passes away at age 93
Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have flooded the streets of Jerusalem to mourn the death...
published: 08 Oct 2013
Leader of Sephardic community passes away at age 93
Hundreds of thousands of Israelis have flooded the streets of Jerusalem to mourn the death of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Sephardic Jewish community, who passed away Monday morning at the age of 93 after a long battle with illness. Streets in Israel's capital were closed off as throngs of mourners, some tearing their clothes in grief, participated in a funeral procession which took three hours to snake its way from the Porat Yosef yeshiva to the Sanhedria cemetery, normally a 5 minute drive.
- published: 08 Oct 2013
- views: 59
Vimeo results:
3:32
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who v...
published: 01 Oct 2012
author: Nina Paley
This Land Is Mine
A brief history of the land called Israel/Palestine/Canaan/the Levant.
Who's-killing-who viewer's guide here: http://blog.ninapaley.com/2012/10/01/this-land-is-mine/
NEW: we now have MERCH! A This Land Is Mine silk pocket square: http://questioncopyright.com/sm-tlim-pocket-sq.html Makes a great fashion accessory or matzoh cover, and supports the artist.
4:16
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of th...
published: 20 Oct 2011
author: Matty Brown
This Isreal
A road trip straight through Israel. Had no idea what the complexities and diversity of the cultures were, but I got deeper and deeper, seeing all walks of life living together in this amazing land. The conglomerate of things happening in that tiny, but EPIC country (it's smaller than New Jersey!) packed a punch like a bustling beehive. I was overwhelmed and totally let Israel envelope me. I bonded with every flavor of person there... they were all Israeli. They were all beautiful people. (By the way, the title isn't spelled wrong, lol...read it again ;)
Shot with the 7D and edited with Sony Vegas
I edited this video with a fever, kidney infection, and $4 headphones! LOL.
Music by the amazing John Adams (Harmonielehre_ Part III - Meister) http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000TH4VOK/ref=dm_mu_dp_trk3
Featured in The Atlantic Magazine
SPECIAL THANKS:
-GONCALO DE ALMEIDA COSTA for touring me to the best places and meeting the best guides and locals!
-KEITH RIVERS for letting me borrow his camera for the trip!
-NATHAN MILLER for stocking me up on batteries and cards!
Thank you guys for trusting me with your stuff! haha.
4:10
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:...
published: 15 Oct 2010
author: Grant Slater
WE ALL GOOD PEOPLE pt. 1 (ISRAEL/PALESTINE)
somewhere between the mediterranean and the jordan.
download the soundtrack from my blog:
http://longtelegram.com/free-music
footage and production - grant slater
the band - yael birenbaum, itay shani, ori alboher and itamar cohen
thanks - karoun demirjian, mich'ael zupraner, josef federman, maja hitij and george mallory
http://grant-slater.com
2:47
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this...
published: 16 Dec 2009
author: Guy Jackson
5D MK 2, Year in my backpack
No story really, just nice visuals.
I have been taking this camera with me everywhere this past year.
Work or just fun I always had it ready to go, I love the insane picture quality.
This collection is of things I shot while testing different looks and equipment before selling it to my clients.
New 5D Video: http://www.vimeo.com/16118172
Shot in: NY, NJ, Peru, Ireland, Mexico, Israel and Palestine. …Apparently I did some time traveling as well.
If you liked it watch my other 5D MK 2 videos.
Gear used:
Canon 50mm 1.4
canon 70-200 2.8
canon 45mm 2.8 T/S lens
sigma 12-24mm
Hoodman 3 ( i got a Z-finder since)
Glidecam 4000 pro for the moving shots.
80% of the shots are hand held.
Youtube results:
3:10
Matisyahu - Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light)
Music video by Matisyahu performing Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light). (C) 2006 SONY...
published: 25 Oct 2009
author: MatisyahuVEVO
Matisyahu - Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light)
Music video by Matisyahu performing Jerusalem (Out Of Darkness Comes Light). (C) 2006 SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT.
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 4425875
- author: MatisyahuVEVO
7:06
Last Night Proms 2011 - Jerusalem, God Save The Queen & Auld Lang Syne
Edward Gardner conducts BBC Symphony Orchestra, BBC Singers, BBC Symphony Chorus for Huber...
published: 13 Sep 2011
author: RupertJones
Last Night Proms 2011 - Jerusalem, God Save The Queen & Auld Lang Syne
Edward Gardner conducts BBC Symphony Orchestra, BBC Singers, BBC Symphony Chorus for Hubert Parrys Jerusalem and then God Save The Queen during the Last Nigh...
- published: 13 Sep 2011
- views: 360185
- author: RupertJones
2:59
The Royal Wedding - Jerusalem (HD) (29 April 2011)
Uploading this as the moment was inspiring even to this American! Besides, the BBC's cover...
published: 29 Apr 2011
author: pishposhx
The Royal Wedding - Jerusalem (HD) (29 April 2011)
Uploading this as the moment was inspiring even to this American! Besides, the BBC's coverage lacked the camera shots of the pride-filled English crowds outs...
- published: 29 Apr 2011
- views: 380909
- author: pishposhx
photo: Creative Commons / Zaereth
15 Oct 2013
Moose die-off, this is a term that is not going away anytime soon as moose are disappearing at an alarming rate across North America. This moose-die off is seen in several northern states were ticks are prevalent and according to the N.Y. Times on Oct. 14, moose have been found with over 100,000 ticks on them ... Ticks thrive when the weather is warmer ... The larva stay there waiting for a host to brush by and carry them away ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / Chester Baldicantos
15 Oct 2013
MANILA, Philippines — A 7.2-magnitude earthquake collapsed buildings, cracked roads and toppled the bell tower of the Philippines' oldest church Tuesday morning, killing at least 20 people across the central region. The quake sent people rushing out of homes and buildings, including hospitals, as aftershocks continued. At least five died in a stampede in Cebu, said Neil Sanchez, provincial disaster management officer ... Reynaldo Balido ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
photo: AP / Susan Walsh
15 Oct 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Mia, a fast-food worker and single mother of two, expressed concern over the government slowdown, being forced to spend an extra $175 per month for baby milk, it reminded me of sledgehammer politics ... Working thirty hours a week at a meagerly wage of $8.03, Mia exists on a monthly income of only $600. The WIC program, that provides baby milk, has been shut down....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: UN / Tobin Jones
15 Oct 2013
Just as the Horn of Africa is witnessing the slow restoration of one collapsed state - after more than two decades of anarchic conditions in Somalia - it may be facing the collapse of another. The small country of Eritrea, only 20 years after gaining independence from Ethiopia, has emerged as one of the largest sources of refugees in Africa - as well as one of the most militarised societies in the world ... ... Q&A;....(size: 11.8Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
16 Oct 2013
CEBU (Philippines). The death toll from a 7.2-magnitude earthquake that struck the central Philippine island of Bohol reached 110 today with only three people pulled alive from rubble. The three were rescued in nearby Cebu province hours after Tuesday's quake shattered office buildings and homes and caused many centuries-old churches to crumble ... Cebu reported nine fatalities, and one died on another island ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
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Al Jazeera
16 Oct 2013
Over three years ago, on January 22, 2009 - in the immediate aftermath of Operation Cast Lead - the government of Palestine lodged a with the Registrar of the International Criminal Court, accepting the Court's jurisdiction "for the purpose of identifying, prosecuting and judging the authors and accomplices of acts committed on the territory of Palestine since 1 July 2002" ... Life in Palestine is subject to the rule of the jungle....(size: 8.0Kb)
Edit
Newstrack India
15 Oct 2013
Tweet. Jerusalem, Oct 15 (IANS) Peace talks between Israel and the Palestine are on the verge of collapse, Xinhua reported Tuesday citing the Ma'ariv daily. According to the report, the current issues that may end the talks are borders, and the Israeli demand for military control along the border with Jordan near the West Bank ... Palestinians reject Israel's demand that a future Palestinian state be demilitarised ... It's a logical failure ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
Edit
Middle East Online
15 Oct 2013
Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu loves having US politicians dance to his tune, whether it’s President Obama following his lead or members of Congress hopping up and down to applaud him ... Life and Loathing in Greater Israel ... DB ... MB ... DB ... MB ... … ... Almost Nixonian ... I was just in Israel/Palestine, and visited the Negev desert, which is inside the green line, in Israel proper, in the part of Israel that would be legitimized in a two-state solution....(size: 24.8Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
15 Oct 2013
The UN Children's Fund has said Israel's army and police force continue to mistreat Palestinian youths during arrests and detentions, despite agreeing to test alternative treatment following international pressure. Teh fund's progress report, released on Monday, stated that , seven months after an initial paper was released which highlighted widrespread mistreatment of Palestinian youths arrested in the occupied West Bank ... 310 Source.....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
15 Oct 2013
Swiss scientists say discovery supports possibility that Palestinian leader was poisoned with radioactive substance. Yasser Arafat, who died in a hospital near Paris in 2004 after falling ill while under Israeli military siege in the West Bank. Photograph. Nasser Nasser/AP ... The discovery of polonium-210 on Arafat's effects was first made public last year ... They added ... Doctors could not conclusively identify the cause of death ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit
Huffington Post
14 Oct 2013
Now that the UN has begun to take measures against the use of poison gas in the civil war in Syria, US foreign policy in the Middle East has begun to refocus on the long-delayed goal of achieving a two-state solution to the Palestinian Israeli conflict ... My thinking on this matter is hardly new ... Not that a two state solution is entirely impossible ... Nevertheless, despite my admiration for their efforts, I have my doubts ... ... Like. 112k ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)
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The Guardian
14 Oct 2013
Its legal status is contested, its land is divided and thousands of its citizens emigrate every year - so how does Palestine's economy function?. A Palestinian labourer works at a construction site of a residential project funded by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) Photograph ... Visualizing Palestine ... Corruption is rampant inside many of Palestine's institutions....(size: 6.0Kb)
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Al Jazeera
13 Oct 2013
"It's crazy, the love we get in Palestine," said Betty, posing next to her car with big blonde hair, make-up, painted nails, lip gloss, and a bright red racing suit ... Khaled Qaddoura, a co-founder and long-time chairman of Palestine Motor Sports Federation, spoke to Al Jazeera about the evolution of the sport ... In general, it is very hard to get the vehicles out of Palestine." ... Being a racer in Palestine is political....(size: 5.9Kb)
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The Examiner
11 Oct 2013
On October 11, Madonna.com announced the debut of the controversial Art For Freedom initiative (The Secret Project) in Palestine; the premiere will take place in Jericho at the Spanish Gardens ... Despite the bizarre Harper's Bazaar article that diverted the attention away from this timely effort, the project deserves a huge applause. For three decades, Madonna's outspoken candor allowed her to get exactly what she strived for. Attention....(size: 5.4Kb)
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The People's Voice
11 Oct 2013
Brutalizing Palestinians is longstanding. Crimes of war, against humanity, and slow-motion genocide reflect it. So do colonization, apartheid and daily state terror. Militarized occupation is lawless and brutal. Previous articles explained. Torture, inhumane and degrading treatment reflect official Israeli policy. Children are treated like adults. In July, Israeli soldiers terrorized a five-year old Palestinian boy ... It does so with impunity....(size: 9.7Kb)
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noodls
10 Oct 2013
10 October 2013 New Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine Presents Credentials ... VIENNA, 10 October (UN Information Service) - The new Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine, Salah H ... Ambassador and Head of the Palestinian Mission to Germany (2010-2013); Ambassador and the Palestinian General Delegate and Palestine Liberation Organization ......(size: 1.9Kb)
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Foreign Policy
10 Oct 2013
Commentaries on the Syrian crisis recurrently criticize fragmentation among the forces opposing President Bashar al-Assad ... Both U.S ... In this situation, the Palestine Liberation Organization leadership did not impose a unifying strategy as much as negotiate contradictory pressures in the search of minimally acceptable compromises ... OZAN KOSE/AFP/Getty Images EXPLORE.MIDDLE EAST TOP STORY, MIDDLE EAST, ISRAEL/PALESTINE, MILITARY, SYRIA ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
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Occupied Palestine: ANHRI Deprecates Targeting the Journalists and Media Professionals Constantly Because of their Work (ANHRI - Arabic Network for Human Rights Information)
noodls09 Oct 2013
(Source. ANHRI - Arabic Network for Human Rights Information). Cairo. 9 October 2013. The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information denounces the ongoing attempts to target the journalists and the media professionals by the Palestinian authorities on account of their work in media ... He was investigated over his journalistic work and the institutions that he deal with; although he is a well-known reporter ... distributed by ... (noodl. 20429014) ....(size: 2.2Kb)
For other uses, see Palestine (disambiguation).
Palestine (Arabic: فلسطين Filasṭīn, Falasṭīn, Filisṭīn; Greek: Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Latin: Palaestina; Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina) is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The region is also known as the Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ־ישראל Eretz-Yisra'el),[7] the Holy Land and the Southern Levant,[8] and historically has been known by other names including Canaan, Zion, Syria Palaestina, Southern Syria, Jund Filastin and Outremer.
The boundaries of the region have changed throughout history, and were first defined in modern times by the Franco-British boundary agreement (1920) and the Transjordan memorandum of 16 September 1922, during the mandate period. Today, the region comprises the country of Israel and the Palestinian territories.[9]
Palestine is also used to refer to the State of Palestine which, since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988, has referred to a state in the Palestinian territories on 22% of "historical Palestine".[10] The State of Palestine is recognized today by approximately two-thirds of the world's countries, although this status is not recognized by the United Nations, Israel and major Western nations such as the United States.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Further information: Definitions of Palestine and History of the name Palestine
The term Peleset (transliterated from hieroglyphs as P-r-s-t) is found in numerous Egyptian documents referring to a neighboring people or land starting from c.1150 BCE during the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. The first mention is thought to be in texts of the temple at Medinet Habu which record a people called the Peleset among the Sea Peoples who invaded Egypt in Ramesses III's reign.[11] The Assyrians called the same region Palashtu or Pilistu, beginning with Adad-nirari III in the Nimrud Slab in c.800 BCE through to emperor Sargon II in his Annals approximately a century later.[12][13][1] Neither the Egyptian or Assyrian sources provided clear regional boundaries for the term.
The first clear use of the term Palestine to refer to the entire area between Phoenicia and Egypt was in 5th century BC Ancient Greece.[14] Herodotus wrote of a 'district of Syria, called Palaistinê" in The Histories, the first historical work clearly defining the region, which included the Judean mountains and the Jordan Rift Valley.[15][16][17][18][19][20] Approximately a century later, Aristotle used a similar definition in Meteorology, writing "Again if, as is fabled, there is a lake in Palestine, such that if you bind a man or beast and throw it in it floats and does not sink, this would bear out what we have said. They say that this lake is so bitter and salt that no fish live in it and that if you soak clothes in it and shake them it cleans them," understood by scholars to be a reference to the Dead Sea.[21] Later writers such as Polemon and Pausanias also used the term to refer to the same region. This usage was followed by Roman writers such as Ovid, Tibullus, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, Dio Chrysostom, Statius, Plutarch as well as Roman Judean writers Philo of Alexandria and Josephus.[22] Other writers, such as Strabo, a prominent Roman-era geographer (although he wrote in Greek), referred to the region as Coele-Syria around 10-20 CE.[23][24] The term was first used to denote an official province in c.135 CE, when the Roman authorities, following the suppression of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, combined Iudaea Province with Galilee and other surrounding cities such as Ashkelon to form "Syria Palaestina" (Syria Palaestina), which some scholars state was in order to complete the dissociation with Judaea.[25][26]
The Hebrew name Peleshet (פלשת Pəlésheth)- usually translated as Philistia in English, is used in the Bible more than 250 times. The Greek word Palaistinē (Παλαιστίνη, "Palaistine") is generally accepted to be a translation of the Semitic name for Philistia; however another term – Land of Philistieim (Γη των Φυλιστιειμ, transliteration from Hebrew) – was used in the Septuagint, the second century BCE Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, to refer to Philistia.[27] In the Torah / Pentateuch the term Philistia is used 10 times and its boundaries are undefined. The later Historical books (see Deuteronomistic history) include most of the biblical references, almost 200 of which are in the Book of Judges and the Books of Samuel, where the term is used to denote the southern coastal region to the west of the ancient Kingdom of Judah.[28][12][13][22]
During the Byzantine period, the entire region (Syria Palestine, Samaria, and the Galilee) was named Palaestina, subdivided into provinces Palaestina I and II.[29] The Byzantines also renamed an area of land including the Negev, Sinai, and the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula as Palaestina Salutaris, sometimes called Palaestina III.[29] The Arabic word for Palestine is فلسطين (commonly transcribed in English as Filistin, Filastin, or Falastin).[30] Moshe Sharon writes that when the Arabs took over Greater Syria in the 7th century, place names that were in use by the Byzantine administration before them, generally continued to be used. Hence, he traces the emergence of the Arabic form Filastin to this adoption, with Arabic inflection, of Roman and Hebrew (Semitic) names.[12] Jacob Lassner and Selwyn Ilan Troen offer a different view, writing that Jund Filastin, the full name for the administrative province under the rule of the Arab caliphates, was traced by Muslim geographers back to the Philistines of the Bible.[31] The use of the name "Palestine" in English became more common after the European renaissance.[32] It was officially revived by the British after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and applied to the territory that was placed under The Palestine Mandate.
Some other terms that have been used to refer to all or part of this land include Canaan, Greater Israel, Greater Syria, the Holy Land, Iudaea Province, Judea,[33] Israel, "Israel HaShlema", Kingdom of Israel, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael or Ha'aretz), Zion, Retenu (Ancient Egyptian), Southern Syria, and Syria Palestina.
History[link]
Main article: History of Palestine
Further information: Time periods in the region of Palestine
Overview[link]
Situated at a strategic location between Egypt, Syria and Arabia, and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity, the region has a long and tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics. The region has been controlled by numerous different peoples, including Ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Ancient Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, the Sunni Arab Caliphate, the Shia Fatimid Caliphate, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mameluks, Ottomans, the British and modern Israelis and Palestinians. Modern archaeologists and historians of the region refer to their field of study as Syro-Palestinian archaeology.
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Ancient period[link]
The region was among the earliest in the world to see human habitation, agricultural communities and civilization. During the Bronze Age, independent Canaanite city-states were established, and were influenced by the surrounding civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Minoan Crete, and Syria. Between 1550-1400 BCE, the Canaanite cities became vassals to the Egyptian New Kingdom who held power until the 1178 BCE Battle of Djahy (Canaan) during the wider Bronze Age collapse. The Philistines arrived and mingled with the local population, and according to Biblical tradition, the United Kingdom of Israel was established in 1020 BCE and split within a century to form the northern Kingdom of Israel, and the southern Kingdom of Judah. The region became part of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from c.740 BCE, which was itself replaced by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in c.627 BCE. According to the bible, a war with Egypt culminated in 586 BCE when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II and the local leaders of the region of Judea were deported to Babylonia. In 539 BCE, the Babylonian empire was replaced by the Achaemenid Empire. According to the bible and implications from the Cyrus Cylinder, the exiled population of Judea was allowed to return to Jerusalem.
Classical antiquity[link]
In the 330s BCE, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered the region, and the region changed hands numerous times during the wars of the Diadochi. ultimately joining the Seleucid Empire between 219-200 BCE. In 116 BCE, a Seleucid civil war resulted in the independence of certain regions including the minor Hasmonean principality in the Judean Mountains. From 110 BCE, the Hasmoneans extended their authority over much of Palestine, creating a Judean-Samaritan-Idumaean-Ituraean-Galilean alliance. The Judean (Jewish, see Ioudaioi) control over the wider region resulted in it also becoming known as Judaea, a term which had previously only referred to the smaller region of the Judean Mountains. Between 73-63 BCE, the Roman Republic extended its influence in to the region in the Third Mithridatic War, conquering of Judea in 63 BCE, and splitting the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts. The three year Ministry of Jesus, culminating in his crucifixion, is estimated to have occurred from 28-30 CE, although the historicity of Jesus is disputed by scholars. In 70 CE, Titus sacked Jerusalem, resulting in the dispersal of the city's Jews and Christians to Yavne and Pella. In 132 CE, Hadrian joined the province of Iudaea with Galilee to form new province of Syria Palaestina, and Jerusalem was renamed "Aelia Capitolina". Between 259-272, the region fell under the rule of Odaenathus as King of the Palmyrene Empire. Following the victory of Christian emperor Constantine in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy (306–324), the Christianization of the Roman Empire began, and in 326, Constantine's mother Saint Helena visited Jerusalem and began the construction of churches and shrines. Palestine became a center of Christianity, attracting numerous monks and religious scholars. The Samaritan Revolts during this period caused their near extinction. In 614 CE, Palestine was annexed by another Persian dynasty; the Sassanids, until returning to Byzantine control in 628 CE.[34]
Middle Ages[link]
Palestine was conquered by the Islamic Empire, beginning in 634 CE. In 636 CE, the Battle of Yarmouk during the Muslim conquest of Syria symbolized the complete Muslim takeover of the region, which was regarded as Bilad a-Sham (Greater Syria). In 661 CE, with the assassination of Ali, Muawiyah I became the uncontested Caliph of the Islamic World after being crowned in Jerusalem. In 691, the Dome of the Rock became the world's first great work of Islamic architecture.[citation needed] The Umayyad were replaced by the Abbasids in 750. From 878 Palestine was ruled from Egypt by semi-autonomous rulers for almost a century, beginning with Ahmad ibn Tulun, and ending with the Ikhshidid rulers who were both buried in Jerusalem.[citation needed] The Fatimids conquered the region in 969. In 1073 Palestine was captured by the Great Seljuq Empire, only to be recaptured by the Fatimids in 1098, who then lost the region to the Crusaders in 1099. Their control of Jerusalem and most of Palestine lasted almost a century until defeat by Saladin's forces in 1187, after which most of Palestine was controlled by the Ayyubids. A rump crusader state in the northern coastal cities survived for another century, but, despite seven further crusades the crusaders were no longer a significant power in the region. The Fourth Crusade led directly to the decline of the Byzantine Empire, dramatically reducing Christian influence throughout the region.
The Mamluk Sultanate was indirectly created in Egypt as a result of the Seventh Crusade. The Mongol Empire reached Palestine for the first time in 1260, beginning with the Mongol raids into Palestine under Nestorian Christian general Kitbuqa and reaching an apex at the pivotal Battle of Ain Jalut. In 1486, hostilities broke out between the Mamluks and the Ottoman Turks in a battle for control over western Asia and the Ottomans captured Palestine in 1516.
Modern period[link]
In 1832 Palestine was conquered by Muhammad Ali's Egypt, but in 1840 Britain intervened and returned control of the Levant to the Ottomans in return for further capitulations. The end of the 19th century saw the beginning of Zionist immigration and the Revival of the Hebrew language. The movement was publicly supported by Great Britain during World War I with the Balfour Declaration of 1917. The British captured Jerusalem a month later, and were formally awarded a mandate in 1922. The non-Jewish Palestinians revolted in 1920, 1929 and 1936. In 1947, following World War II and the Holocaust, the British Government announced their desire to terminate the Mandate, and the United Nations General Assembly voted to partition the territory into a Jewish state and an Arab state. The Jewish leadership accepted the proposal but the Arab Higher Committee rejected it; a civil war began immediately, and Israel was declared in 1948. The 700,000 Palestinians who fled or were driven from their homes were unable to return following the Lausanne Conference, 1949. In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Israel captured and incorporated a further 26% of the Mandate territory, Jordan captured the region today known as the West Bank and the Gaza Strip was captured by Egypt. In the course of the Six Day War in June 1967, Israel captured the rest of Mandate Palestine from Jordan and Egypt, and began a policy of Israeli settlements. From 1987 to 1993, the First Palestinian Intifada against Israel took place, ending with the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords. In 2000, the Second or Al-Aqsa Intifada began, and Israel built a security barrier. Following Israel's unilateral disengagement plan of 2004, it withdrew all settlers and most of the military presence from the Gaza strip, but maintained control of the air space and coast.
Boundaries[link]
The boundaries of Palestine have varied throughout history.[35][36] The Jordan Rift Valley (comprising Wadi Arabah, the Dead Sea and River Jordan) has at times formed a political and administrative frontier, even within empires that have controlled both territories. At other times, such as during certain periods during the Hasmonean and Crusader states for example, as well as during the biblical period, territories on both sides of the river formed part of the same administrative unit. During the Arab Caliphate period, parts of southern Lebanon and the northern highland areas of Palestine and Jordan were administered as Jund al-Urdun, while the southern parts of the latter two formed part of Jund Dimashq, which during the ninth century was attached to the administrative unit of Jund Filasteen (Arabic: جند فلسطين).[37]
The boundaries of the area and the ethnic nature of the people referred to by Herodotus in the 5th century BCE as Palaestina vary according to context. Sometimes, he uses it to refer to the coast north of Mount Carmel. Elsewhere, distinguishing the Syrians in Palestine from the Phoenicians, he refers to their land as extending down all the coast from Phoenicia to Egypt.[38] Pliny, writing in Latin in the 1st century CE, describes a region of Syria that was "formerly called Palaestina" among the areas of the Eastern Mediterranean.[39]
Since the Byzantine Period, the Byzantine borders of Palaestina (I and II, also known as Palaestina Prima, "First Palestine", and Palaestina Secunda, "Second Palestine"), have served as a name for the geographic area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Under Arab rule, Filastin (or Jund Filastin) was used administratively to refer to what was under the Byzantines Palaestina Secunda (comprising Judaea and Samaria), while Palaestina Prima (comprising the Galilee region) was renamed Urdunn ("Jordan" or Jund al-Urdunn).[12]
Nineteenth century sources refer to Palestine as extending from the sea to the caravan route, presumably the Hejaz-Damascus route east of the Jordan River valley. Others refer to it as extending from the sea to the desert. Prior to the Allied Powers victory in World War I and the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, which created the British mandate in the Levant, most of the northern area of what is today Jordan formed part of the Ottoman Vilayet of Damascus (Syria), while the southern part of Jordan was part of the Vilayet of Hejaz. What later became part of British Mandate Palestine was in Ottoman times divided between the Vilayet of Beirut (Lebanon) and the Sanjak of Jerusalem.[40]
The Zionist Organization provided their definition concerning the boundaries of Palestine in a statement to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919; it also includes a statement about the importance of water resources that the designated area includes.[41][42] On the basis of a League of Nations mandate, the British administered Palestine after World War I, promising to establish a Jewish homeland therein.[43] The original Mandate Palestine included what is now Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan), and Transjordan (the present kingdom of Jordan), although the latter was disattached by an administrative decision of the British in 1922.[44] To the Palestinian people who view Palestine as their homeland, its boundaries are those of Mandate Palestine excluding the Transjordan, as described in the Palestinian National Charter.[45]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Palestine
Early demographics[link]
Estimating the population of Palestine in antiquity relies on two methods – censuses and writings made at the times, and the scientific method based on excavations and statistical methods that consider the number of settlements at the particular age, area of each settlement, density factor for each settlement.
According to Magen Broshi, an Israeli archaeologist "... the population of Palestine in antiquity did not exceed a million persons. It can also be shown, moreover, that this was more or less the size of the population in the peak period—the late Byzantine period, around AD 600"[46] Similarly, a study by Yigal Shiloh of The Hebrew University suggests that the population of Palestine in the Iron Age could have never exceeded a million. He writes: "... the population of the country in the Roman-Byzantine period greatly exceeded that in the Iron Age...If we accept Broshi's population estimates, which appear to be confirmed by the results of recent research, it follows that the estimates for the population during the Iron Age must be set at a lower figure."[47]
Late Ottoman and British Mandate periods[link]
In the middle of the 1st century of the Ottoman rule, i.e. 1550 AD, Bernard Lewis in a study of Ottoman registers of the early Ottoman Rule of Palestine reports:[48]
From the mass of detail in the registers, it is possible to extract something like a general picture of the economic life of the country in that period. Out of a total population of about 300,000 souls, between a fifth and a quarter lived in the six towns of Jerusalem, Gaza, Safed, Nablus, Ramle, and Hebron. The remainder consisted mainly of peasants, living in villages of varying size, and engaged in agriculture. Their main food-crops were wheat and barley in that order, supplemented by leguminous pulses, olives, fruit, and vegetables. In and around most of the towns there was a considerable number of vineyards, orchards, and vegetable gardens.
According to Alexander Scholch, the population of Palestine in 1850 had about 350,000 inhabitants, 30% of whom lived in 13 towns; roughly 85% were Muslims, 11% were Christians and 4% Jews[49]
According to Ottoman statistics studied by Justin McCarthy,[50] the population of Palestine in the early 19th century was 350,000, in 1860 it was 411,000 and in 1900 about 600,000 of which 94% were Arabs. In 1914 Palestine had a population of 657,000 Muslim Arabs, 81,000 Christian Arabs, and 59,000 Jews.[51] McCarthy estimates the non-Jewish population of Palestine at 452,789 in 1882, 737,389 in 1914, 725,507 in 1922, 880,746 in 1931 and 1,339,763 in 1946.[52]
In 1920, the League of Nations' Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine stated that there were 700,000 people living in Palestine:
Of these 235,000 live in the larger towns, 465,000 in the smaller towns and villages. Four-fifths of the whole population are Moslems. A small proportion of these are Bedouin Arabs; the remainder, although they speak Arabic and are termed Arabs, are largely of mixed race. Some 77,000 of the population are Christians, in large majority belonging to the Orthodox Church, and speaking Arabic. The minority are members of the Latin or of the Uniate Greek Catholic Church, or—a small number—are Protestants. The Jewish element of the population numbers 76,000. Almost all have entered Palestine during the last 40 years. Prior to 1850 there were in the country only a handful of Jews. In the following 30 years a few hundreds came to Palestine. Most of them were animated by religious motives; they came to pray and to die in the Holy Land, and to be buried in its soil. After the persecutions in Russia forty years ago, the movement of the Jews to Palestine assumed larger proportions.—[53]
By 1948, the population had risen to 1,900,000, of whom 68% were Arabs, and 32% were Jews (UNSCOP report, including bedouin).
Current demographics[link]
See also: Demographics of Israel, Demographics of the Palestinian territories, and Demographics of Jordan
According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, as of May 2006, of Israel's 7 million people, 77% were Jews, 18.5% Arabs, and 4.3% "others".[54] Among Jews, 68% were Sabras (Israeli-born), mostly second- or third-generation Israelis, and the rest are olim — 22% from Europe,the former Soviet republics, Russia, and the Americas, and 10% from Asia and Africa, including the Arab countries.[55]
Of Israel's 7 million citizens, 516,569 Jewish ones live in enclaves referred to as Israeli settlements and outposts in various lands adjacent to the state of Israel occupied by Israel during the Six Day War.[56][57][58]
According to Palestinian evaluations, The West Bank is inhabited by approximately 2.4 million Palestinians and the Gaza Strip by another 1.4 million. According to a study presented at The Sixth Herzliya Conference on The Balance of Israel's National Security[59] there are 1.4 million Palestinians in the West Bank. This study was criticised by demographer Sergio DellaPergola, who estimated 3.33 million Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip combined at the end of 2005.[60]
According to these Israeli and Palestinian estimates, the population in Israel and the Palestinian Territories stands between 9.8 and 10.8 million.
Jordan has a population of around 6,000,000 (2007 estimate).[61][62] Long term Palestinian war refugees constitute approximately half of this number.[63]
See also[link]
.svg){kind=small}
- Outline of Palestine
- Israeli–Palestinian conflict
- Names of the Levant
- Outline of the Palestinian territories
- Place names of Palestine
References[link]
- ^ a b Carl S. Ehrlich "Philistines" The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001.
- ^ "The Palestine Exploration Fund". The Palestine Exploration Fund. http://www.pef.org.uk/oldsite/Paldef.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Palestine:". JewishEncyclopedia.com. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=31&letter=P. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ Pappe, Ilan (2006). A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-68315-7. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521683157. Retrieved 6 Feb 2011.
- ^ Kramer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11897-3. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0691118973. Retrieved 6 Feb 2011.
- ^ Ahlstrom, Gosta (1993). The History of Ancient Palestine. Augsburg Fortress Publishers. ISBN 0-8006-2770-9. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0800627709. Retrieved 6 Feb 2011.
- ^ Gideon Biger (2004). The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840-1947. RoutledgeCurzon. passim.
- ^ de Geus, 2003, p. 7.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, Bruce Alan Masters, Gábor Ágoston
- ^ The current position was expressed by Mahmoud Abbas in his September 2011 speech to the United Nations: "When we adopted this program, we were taking a painful and very difficult step for all of us, especially those, including myself, who were forced to leave their homes and their towns and villages, carrying only some of our belongings and our grief and our memories and the keys of our homes to the camps of exile and the Diaspora in the 1948 Al-Nakba, one of the worst operations of uprooting, destruction and removal of a vibrant and cohesive society that had been contributing in a pioneering and leading way in the cultural, educational and economic renaissance of the Arab Middle East. Yet, because we believe in peace and because of our conviction in international legitimacy, and because we had the courage to make difficult decisions for our people, and in the absence of absolute justice, we decided to adopt the path of relative justice - justice that is possible and could correct part of the grave historical injustice committed against our people. Thus, we agreed to establish the State of Palestine on only 22% of the territory of historical Palestine - on all the Palestinian Territory occupied by Israel in 1967. [1]
- ^ Fahlbusch et al., 2005, p. 185.
- ^ a b c d Sharon, 1988, p. 4.
- ^ a b Room, 1997, p. 285.
- ^ Jacobson, David M. (February 1999). Weinstein, James M.. ed. "Palestine and Israel". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (The American Schools of Oriental Research) (313): 65–74. ISSN 0003097X. JSTOR 1357617. ""The earliest occurrence of this name in a Greek text is in the mid-fifth century b.c., Histories of Herodotus, where it is applied to the area of the Levant between Phoenicia and Egypt."..."The first known occurrence of the Greek word Palaistine is in the Histories of Herodotus, written near the mid-fifth century B.C. Palaistine Syria, or simply Palaistine, is applied to what may be identified as the southern part of Syria, comprising the region between Phoenicia and Egypt. Although some of Herodotus' references to Palestine are compatible with a narrow definition of the coastal strip of the Land of Israel, it is clear that Herodotus does call the "whole land by the name of the coastal strip."..."It is believed that Herodotus visited Palestine in the fifth decade of the fifth century B.C."..."In the earliest Classical literature references to Palestine generally applied to the Land of Israel in the wider sense."" and David Jacobson (May/Jun 2001). "When Palestine Meant Israel". BAR 27:03. http://cojs.org/cojswiki/When_Palestine_Meant_Israel,_David_Jacobson,_BAR_27:03,_May/Jun_2001.. Retrieved 2 March 2012. "As early as the Histories of Herodotus, written in the second half of the fifth century B.C.E., the term Palaistinê is used to describe not just the geographical area where the Philistines lived, but the entire area between Phoenicia and Egypt—in other words, the Land of Israel. Herodotus, who had traveled through the area, would have had firsthand knowledge of the land and its people. Yet he used Palaistinê to refer not to the Land of the Philistines, but to the Land of Israel"
- ^ Jacobson, David M., Palestine and Israel, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 313 (Feb., 1999), pp. 65–74
- ^ The Southern and Eastern Borders of Abar-Nahara Steven S. Tuell Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 284 (Nov., 1991), pp. 51–57
- ^ Herodotus' Description of the East Mediterranean Coast Anson F. Rainey Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 321 (Feb., 2001), pp. 57–63
- ^ In his work, Herodotus referred to the practice of male circumcision associated with the Hebrew people: "the Colchians, the Egyptians, and the Ethiopians, are the only nations who have practised circumcision from the earliest times. The Phoenicians and the Syrians of Palestine themselves confess that they learnt the custom of the Egyptians.... Now these are the only nations who use circumcision." The History of Herodotus
- ^ Beloe, W., Rev., Herodotus, (tr. from Greek), with notes, Vol.II, London, 1821, p.269 "It should be remembered that Syria is always regarded by Herodotus as synonymous with Assyria. What the Greeks called Palestine the Arabs call Falastin, which is the Philistines of Scripture."
- ^ Elyahu Green, Geographic names of places in Israel in Herodotos This is confirmed by George Rawlinson in the third book (Thalia) of The Histories where Palaestinian Syrians are part of the fifth tax district spanning the territory from Phoenicia to the borders of Egypt, but excludes the kingdom of Arabs who were exempt from tax for providing the Assyrian army with water on its march to Egypt. These people had a large city called Cadytis, identified as Jerusalem.
- ^ Meteorology By Aristotle
- ^ a b Robinson, Edward, Physical geography of the Holy Land, Crocker & Brewster, Boston, 1865, p.15. Robinson, writing in 1865 when travel by Europeans to the Ottoman Empire became common asserts that, "Palestine, or Palestina, now the most common name for the Holy Land, occurs three times in the English version of the Old Testament; and is there put for the Hebrew name פלשת, elsewhere rendered Philistia. As thus used, it refers strictly and only to the country of the Philistines, in the southwest corner of the land. So, too, in the Greek form, Παλαςτίνη), it is used by Josephus. But both Josephus and Philo apply the name to the whole land of the Hebrews ; and Greek and Roman writers employed it in the like extent."
- ^ Studies in Hellenistic Judaism ：Louis H. Feldman
- ^ The Hellenistic settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa ：Getzel M. Cohen
- ^ Lehmann, Clayton Miles (Summer 1998). "Palestine: History: 135–337: Syria Palaestina and the Tetrarchy". The On-line Encyclopedia of the Roman Provinces. University of South Dakota. http://www.usd.edu/~clehmann/erp/Palestine/history.htm#135-337. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
- ^ Sharon, 1998, p. 4. According to Moshe Sharon: "Eager to obliterate the name of the rebellious Judaea", the Roman authorities (General Hadrian) renamed it Palaestina or Syria Palaestina.
- ^ Jacobson, David M. (February 1999). Weinstein, James M.. ed. "Palestine and Israel". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (The American Schools of Oriental Research) (313): 65–74. ISSN 0003097X. JSTOR 1357617.
- ^ Lewis, 1993, p. 153.
- ^ a b Kaegi, 1995, p. 41.
- ^ Marshall Cavendish, 2007, p. 559.
- ^ Lassner and Troen, 2007, pp. 54–55.
- ^ Gudrun Krämer (2008) A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel Translated by Gudrun Krämer and Graham Harman Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-11897-3 p 16
- ^ Judea[dead link]
- ^ Greatrex-Lieu(2002), II, 196
- ^ According to the Jewish Encyclopedia published between 1901 and 1906: "Palestine extends, from 31° to 33° 20′ N. latitude. Its southwest point (at Raphia = Tell Rifaḥ, southwest of Gaza) is about 34° 15′ E. longitude, and its northwest point (mouth of the Liṭani) is at 35° 15′ E. longitude, while the course of the Jordan reaches 35° 35′ to the east. The west-Jordan country has, consequently, a length of about 150 English miles from north to south, and a breadth of about 23 miles at the north and 80 miles at the south. The area of this region, as measured by the surveyors of the English Palestine Exploration Fund, is about 6,040 square miles. The east-Jordan district is now being surveyed by the German Palästina-Verein, and although the work is not yet completed, its area may be estimated at 4,000 square miles. This entire region, as stated above, was not occupied exclusively by the Israelites, for the plain along the coast in the south belonged to the Philistines, and that in the north to the Phoenicians, while in the east-Jordan country the Israelitic possessions never extended farther than the Arnon (Wadi al-Mujib) in the south, nor did the Israelites ever settle in the most northerly and easterly portions of the plain of Bashan. To-day the number of inhabitants does not exceed 650,000. Palestine, and especially the Israelitic state, covered, therefore, a very small area, approximating that of the state of Vermont." From the Jewish Encyclopedia Boundaries and Extent
- ^ According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911), [2] Palestine is:
- "[A] geographical name of rather loose application. Etymological strictness would require it to denote exclusively the narrow strip of coast-land once occupied by the Philistines, from whose name it is derived. It is, however, conventionally used as a name for the territory which, in the Old Testament, is claimed as the inheritance of the pre-exilic Hebrews; thus it may be said generally to denote the southern third of the province of Syria.
- Except in the west, where the country is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, the limit of this territory cannot be laid down on the map as a definite line. The modern subdivisions under the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire are in no sense conterminous with those of antiquity, and hence do not afford a boundary by which Palestine can be separated exactly from the rest of Syria in the north, or from the Sinaitic and Arabian deserts in the south and east; nor are the records of ancient boundaries sufficiently full and definite to make possible the complete demarcation of the country. Even the convention above referred to is inexact: it includes the Philistine territory, claimed but never settled by the Hebrews, and excludes the outlying parts of the large area claimed in Num. xxxiv. as the Hebrew possession (from the " River of Egypt " to Hamath). However, the Hebrews themselves have preserved, in the proverbial expression " from Dan to Beersheba " (Judg. xx.i, &c.), an indication of the normal north-and-south limits of their land; and in defining the area of the country under discussion it is this indication which is generally followed.
- Taking as a guide the natural features most nearly corresponding to these outlying points, we may describe Palestine as the strip of land extending along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea from the mouth of the Litany or Kasimiya River (33° 20' N.) southward to the mouth of the Wadi Ghuzza; the latter joins the sea in 31° 28' N., a short distance south of Gaza, and runs thence in a south-easterly direction so as to include on its northern side the site of Beersheba. Eastward there is no such definite border. The River Jordan, it is true, marks a line of delimitation between Western and Eastern Palestine; but it is practically impossible to say where the latter ends and the Arabian desert begins. Perhaps the line of the pilgrim road from Damascus to Mecca is the most convenient possible boundary. The total length of the region is about 140 m (459.32 ft); its breadth west of the Jordan ranges from about 23 m (75.46 ft) in the north to about 80 m (262.47 ft) in the south."
- ^ Kamal Suleiman Salibi (1993). The Modern History of Jordan. I.B.Tauris. pp. 17–18. ISBN 1-86064-331-0.
- ^ Herodotus, The Histories Bk.7.89
- ^ cf. Pliny, Natural History V.66 and 68.
- ^ "Palestinim, Am Behivatsrut," by Kimmerling, Baruch, and Joel S. Migdal - Keter Publishing, ISBN 965-07-0797-2
- ^ "Zionist Organization Statement on Palestine, Paris Peace Conference, (February 3, 1919) The Boundaries of Palestine". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/zoparis.html. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ^ "Statement of the Zionist Organization Regarding Palestine Presented to the Paris Peace Conference (with proposed map of Zionist borders) February 3, 1919". Mideastweb.org. http://www.mideastweb.org/zionistborders.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ^ "Middle East Documents Balfour Declaration". Mideastweb.org. http://www.mideastweb.org/mebalfour.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ "The British Mandate for Palestine". Mideastweb.org. http://www.mideastweb.org/mandate.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ Said and Hitchens, 2001, p. 199.
- ^ Magen Broshi, The Population of Western Palestine in the Roman-Byzantine Period, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 236, p.7, 1979.
- ^ Yigal Shiloh, The Population of Iron Age Palestine in the Light of a Sample Analysis of Urban Plans, Areas, and Population Density, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 239, p.33, 1980.
- ^ Bernard Lewis, Studies in the Ottoman Archives—I, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 469–501, 1954
- ^ Scholch, 1985, p. 503.
- ^ McCarthy, 1990, p.26.
- ^ McCarthy, 1990.
- ^ McCarthy, 1990, pp. 37–38.
- ^ Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine[dead link]
- ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Population, by religion and population group" (PDF). http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st02_01.pdf. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
- ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Jews and others, by origin, continent of birth and period of immigration" (PDF). http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st02_24.pdf. Retrieved 2006-04-08.
- ^ Israel Central Bureau of Statistics: [3] [4] [5]
- ^ Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies: [6][dead link] [7][dead link] [8][dead link] [9][dead link]
- ^ Foundation for Middle East Peace: [10][dead link] [11][dead link].
- ^ Bennett Zimmerman & Roberta Seid (January 23, 2006). "Arab Population in the West Bank & Gaza: The Million Person Gap". American-Israel Demographic Research Group. http://web.archive.org/web/20080416015924/www.thefourthwayisrael.com/demographicadvantage.html. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
- ^ Sergio DellaPergola (Winter 2007, No. 27). "Letter to the Editor". Azure. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927012451/http://www.azure.org.il/magazine/magazine.asp?id=356. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
- ^ Jordan: Facts & Figures, accessed 22 May 2007.
- ^ CIA World Factbook, accessed 22 May 2007.
- ^ Assessment for Palestinians in Jordan, Minorities at Risk, accessed 22 May 2007.
Bibliography[link]
Works written or compiled since 1945[link]
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Works written before 1918[link]
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External links[link]
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This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (November 2010) |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Maps of the history of the Middle East |
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Wikisource has the text of the 1879 American Cyclopædia article Palestine. |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Palestine |
- www.palestinecenter.org - A website with current and historical information about Palestine
- Palestine Royal Commission Report (the Peel Report) (London, 1937) Jewishvirtuallibrary.org
- www.mideastweb.org - A website with a wealth of statistics regarding population in Palestine
- Coins and Banknotes of Palestine under the British Mandate
- WorldStatesmen- Maps, flags, chronology, see Israel and Palestinian National Authority
- hWeb - Israel-Palestine in Maps
- Palestine Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project
- 1911 Encyclopedia description of Palestine
- Liberal Democrat Friends of Palestine
- Key Development Forecasts for Palestine from International Futures
Maps[link]
- Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916
- 1947 UN Partition Plan
- 1949 Armisitice Lines
- Israel After 1949 Armistice Agreements
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This article is about the West Bank and the Gaza strip.
Not to be confused with Palestine (region).
| Palestinian Territories | ||
|---|---|---|
 Map showing areas of Palestinian National Authority control (the West Bank) and Hamas Government control (Gaza Strip) in green.
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| Capital | Administrative centers:
Ramallah (West Bank), Gaza (Gaza Strip); East Jerusalem (the proclaimed capital of the State of Palestine[1] |
|
| Official language(s) | Arabic, Hebrew, and English | |
| Population | ||
| - | 2009 (July) estimate | 3,935,249[2] |
| GDP (PPP) | 2009 estimate | |
| - | Total | $12.95 billion (-) |
| - | Per capita | $2,900 (-) |
| HDI (2010) | 0.645[3] (medium) (97th) | |
| Currency | Jordanian dinara Egyptian Poundb Israeli new sheqelc ( JOD, EGP, ILS) |
|
| Time zone | (UTC+2) | |
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC+3) |
| Internet TLD | .ps, فلسطين. | |
| Calling code | +970d | |
|
Notes a b c d
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.png)
The Palestinian territories comprise the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, politically under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority and the Hamas Government in Gaza. Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988, the region is today recognized by three-quarters of the world's countries to be part of the State of Palestine,[4] although this status is not recognized by the United Nations, Israel and major Western nations, including the United States. Effectively parts of the West Bank are currently governed by the Palestinian National Authority, while other parts are governed by Israeli military authorities, which the UN and international legal bodies often refer to as the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Gaza Strip is being controlled by Hamas-led Palestinian Government.
The territories were part of the territory west of the Jordan River of Mandate Palestine, formed in 1922. In March 1946, the territory east of the Jordan River, which had been ruled as a separate province of Mandate Palestine, became the independent kingdom of Transjordan, though general international recognition took a bit longer. From the 1948 Arab–Israeli War until the 1967 Six Day War, the West Bank was occupied and annexed by Jordan (annexation recognized only by UK and Pakistan) and the Gaza Strip occupied by Egypt, though limited authority was exercised in Gaza by the All-Palestine Government until 1959. The borders of Palestinian territories are currently considered to be delineated by the 1949 Armistice Agreements.[5]
Since 1967 and until the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority in 1993, the territories became occupied by Israel, and effectively the term Occupied Palestinian territories was coined. In 1980 Israel annexed East Jerusalem, but United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared it "null and void" and required that it be rescinded, stating that it was a violation of international law. The annexation lacks international recognition.[6] After losing it in 1967, Jordan renounced all territorial claims to East Jerusalem and the West Bank in 1988.
In 1993, parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank were transferred to the administration of the Palestinian National Authority, becoming Palestinian territories. In 2005, Israel pulled out all its remaining forces of Gaza Strip and dismantled its settlements. Yet, both West Bank and Gaza Strip are currently considered to be occupied by Israel according to the international community, although Israel has denied that it occupies the Gaza Strip.[7][6][8]
The Palestinian National Authority the United Nations Security Council,[9] the United Nations General Assembly,[10] the EU,[11] the International Court of Justice,[12] and the International Committee of the Red Cross[13] regards East Jerusalem as part of the West Bank, and consequently a part of the Palestinian territories, while Israel regards it as part of Israel as a result of its annexation in 1980. According to the Israeli Supreme Court, the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits unilateral annexation of occupied territory, does not apply to East Jerusalem, as there was no "legitimate sovereign" there prior.[citation needed] The Palestinian National Authority, which maintains a territorial claim to East Jerusalem, never exercised sovereignty over the area. However, this reasoning has not been recognized by any other country, since unilateral annexation of territory conquered during war contravenes the Fourth Geneva Convention.[14][15]
The Hamas takeover of Gaza politically divided the Palestinian territories, with Abbas’s Fatah left largely ruling the West Bank and recognized internationally as the official Palestinian Authority,[16] while Hamas has secured its control over the Gaza Strip. In April 2011, the Palestinian parties signed an agreement of reconciliation, but its implementation has stalled since.[16]
Contents |
Name[link]
See also: Timeline of the name Palestine
There are disagreements over what the Palestinian territories should be called.
The United Nations, the International Court of Justice, the European Union, International Committee of the Red Cross and the government of the United Kingdom all refer to the "Occupied Palestinian Territories".[17][18][19] Journalists also use the description to indicate lands outside the Green Line.[citation needed] The term is often used interchangeably with the term occupied territories, although this term is also applied to the Golan Heights, which is internationally recognized as part of Syria and not claimed by the Palestinians. The confusion stems from the fact that all these territories were captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War and are treated by the UN as territory occupied by Israel.
Other terms used to describe these areas collectively include 'the disputed territories', 'Israeli-occupied territories', and 'the occupied territories'. Further terms include "Yesha" (Judea-Samaria-Gaza), Yosh (Judea and Samaria), the Katif Strip (Gaza Strip), "administered territories", "territories of undetermined permanent status", "1967 territories", and simply "the territories".
Many Arab and Islamic leaders,[who?] including some Palestinians,[who?] use the designation 'Palestine' and 'occupied Palestine' to imply a Palestinian political or religious claim to sovereignty over the whole former territory of the British Mandate west of the Jordan River, including all of Israel.[20] Many[who?] of them view the land of Palestine as an Islamic Waqf (trust) for future Muslim generations. A parallel exists in the aspirations of David Ben-Gurion,[21] Menachem Begin,[22][23] and other Zionists and Jewish religious leaders[who?] to establish Jewish sovereignty over all of Greater Israel in trust for the Jewish people.[24][25] However, this dispute is not related to religion for many Arabs, but simply an issue of rights, as the land was inhabited by Arabs (as well as a minority of Jews) before the Zionist movement began.
Many Israelis[who?] object to the term "Occupied Palestinian Territories", and similar descriptions, because they maintain such designations disregard Israeli claims to the West Bank and Gaza, or prejudice negotiations involving possible border changes, arguing that the armistice line agreed to after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War was not intended as a permanent border. Dore Gold wrote, "It would be far more accurate to describe the West Bank and Gaza Strip as "disputed territories" to which both Israelis and Palestinians have claims."[26]
Boundaries[link]
See also: Borders of Israel
The Palestinian Territories consist of two (or perhaps three) distinct areas: the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Israel regards East Jerusalem not to be a part of the West Bank, but regards it is as part of a unified Jerusalem, which it unilaterally considers the capital of the state. The eastern limit of the West Bank is the border with Jordan. The Israel–Jordan peace treaty defined that border as the international border, and Jordan renounced all claims to territory west of it. The border segment between Jordan and the West Bank was left undefined pending a definitive agreement on the status of the territory.[27]
The southern limit of the Gaza Strip is the border with Egypt. Egypt renounced all claims to land north of the international border, including the Gaza Strip, in the Israel-Egypt peace treaty. The Palestinians were not parties to either agreement.
The natural geographic boundary of the West Bank, as the name implies, is the Jordan River. The Gaza Strip is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea.
It is now generally accepted, at least as a basis for negotiation between the sides, that the boundaries between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and the State of Israel are what has historically been referred to as the Green Line.[citation needed] The Green Line represents the armistice lines under the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which brought an end to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and expressly declared armistice lines, not international borders.
Between the Armistice of 1949 and the Six-Day War of 1967, the West Bank and East Jerusalem were occupied and annexed by Jordan and the Gaza Strip was occupied (but not annexed) by Egypt. The term "Palestinian" began to be applied exclusively to the Arab population of these areas only after Israel's victory in the 1967 War, and consequently the terms "Palestinian Territories" and "Occupied Palestinian Territories" also gained wide usage. Until the start of serious negotiations for a settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian issues (the Peace Process), the Palestinians refrained from defining the boundaries of what they called "the occupied territories," and which some even called "occupied Palestine", which implied a potential Palestinian claim to the whole of Israel. It was in the context of the negotiations that the term "1967 borders" came to be used, as a basis for negotiation. "The 1967 borders" are in fact the 1949 armistice lines (which is the Green Line), which all Arab countries and Palestinians at the time insisted were to be temporary and with no other legal status. The Palestinian negotiators claim a return to those lines as the boundary for a future Palestinian state. The Palestinians also claim that East Jerusalem is a part of the occupied West Bank within the boundaries of the "1967 borders". The Arab League has supported these boundaries as the borders of the future State of Palestine in the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative.
History[link]
Main article: History of Palestine (region)
Area assigned to a Jewish state;
Area assigned to an Arab state;
Corpus separatum of Jerusalem (neither Jewish nor Arab).
Boundaries under the armistice of 1949:
Arab territory from 1949 to 1967;
Israel in the 1949 armistice lines.
In 1922 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire that ruled Greater Syria for four centuries (1517–1917), the British Mandate for Palestine was established. Large-scale Jewish immigration from abroad, mainly from Eastern Europe took place during the British Mandate, though Jewish immigration started during the Ottoman period.[28][29] The future of Palestine was hotly disputed between Arabs and Jews. In 1947, the total Jewish ownership of land in Palestine was 1,850,000 dunams or 1,850 square kilometers, which is 7.04% of the total land of Palestine.[30] Public property or "crown lands", the bulk of which was in the Negev, belonging to the government of Palestine may have made up as much as 70% of the total land; with the Arabs, Christians and others owning the rest.[31]
The 1947 United Nations Partition Plan proposed a division of Mandate Palestine between an Arab and a Jewish state, with Jerusalem and the surrounding area to be a corpus separatum under a special international regime. The regions allotted to the proposed Arab state included what became the Gaza Strip, and almost all of what became the West Bank, as well as other areas.
The Partition Plan was passed by the UN General Assembly on November 1947. The Partition Plan was accepted by the Jewish leadership, but rejected by the Arab leaders. The Arab League threatened to take military measures to prevent the partition of Palestine and to ensure the national rights of the Palestinian Arab population. One day before the expiration of the British Mandate for Palestine, on 14 May 1948, Israel declared its independence within the borders of the Jewish State set out in the Partition Plan. US President Harry Truman recognized the State of Israel de facto the following day. The Arab countries declared war on the newly formed State of Israel heralding the start of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
After the war, which Palestinians call the Nakba, the 1949 Armistice Agreements established the separation lines between the combatants, leaving Israel in control of some of the areas designated for the Arab state under the Partition Plan, Transjordan in control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem, Egypt in control of the Gaza Strip and Syria in control of the Himmah Area.
In 1950 Jordan annexed the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Only the United Kingdom formally recognized the annexation of the West Bank, de facto in the case of East Jerusalem.[32] In the Gaza Strip the Arab League formed the All-Palestine Government, which operated under Egypt occupation.
Article 24 of the Palestinian National Charter of 1964, which established the Palestine Liberation Organization,[33] stated: "This Organization does not exercise any territorial sovereignty over the West Bank in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, on the Gaza Strip or in the Himmah Area" (i.e. the areas of the former Mandate Palestine controlled by Jordan, Egypt and Syria, respectively).
Israel captured both territories in the 1967 Six-Day War, besides other territory belonging to Egypt and Syria. Since then these territories have been designated Israeli-occupied territories. Immediately after the war, on June 19, 1967, the Israeli government offered to return the Golan Heights to Syria, the Sinai to Egypt and most of the West Bank to Jordan in exchange for peace. At the Khartoum Summit in September, the Arab parties responded to this overture by declaring "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel and no negotiations with Israel."[34]
UN Security Council Resolution 242 introduced the "Land for Peace" formula for normalizing relations between Israel and its neighbors. This formula was used when Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in 1979 in exchange for a peace treaty. While that treaty mentioned a "linkage" between Israeli-Egyptian peace and Palestinian autonomy, the formerly Egyptian-occupied territory in Gaza was excluded from the agreement, and remained under Israeli control.
The Oslo Accords of the early 1990s between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel led to the creation of the Palestinian Authority. This was an interim organization created to administer a limited form of Palestinian self-governance in the territories for a period of five years during which final-status negotiations would take place. The Palestinian Authority carried civil responsibility in some rural areas, as well as security responsibility in the major cities of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Although the five-year interim period expired in 1999, the final status agreement has yet to be concluded despite attempts such as the 2000 Camp David Summit, the Taba summit, and the unofficial Geneva Accords.
In 2005, Israeli forces withdrew from the Gaza Strip, ceding full effective internal control of the territory to the Palestinian Authority.
Since the Battle of Gaza (2007) the two separate territories, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, are divided into a Hamas leadership in the Gaza Strip and a Fatah civil leadership in the autonomous areas of the West Bank. Each sees itself as the administrator of all Palestinian Territories and does not acknowledge the other one as the official government of the territories. The Palestinian Territories have therefore de facto split into two entities.
Political status[link]
Main articles: Palestinian National Authority and Governance of the Gaza Strip
The political status of the territories has been the subject of negotiations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and of numerous statements and resolutions by the United Nations. (See List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel.) Since 1994, the autonomous Palestinian National Authority has exercised various degrees of control in large parts of the territories, as a result of the Declaration of Principles contained in the Oslo Accords. The United States government considers the West Bank and Gaza as a single entity for political, economic, legal and other purposes.[35] The State Department and other US government agencies, such as USAID West Bank and Gaza,[36] have been tasked with projects in the areas of democracy, governance, resources, and infrastructure. Part of the USAID mission is to provide flexible and discrete support for implementation of the Quartet Road Map.[37] The Road Map is an internationally backed plan that calls for the progressive development of a viable Palestinian State in the West Bank and Gaza. Participating states provide assistance through direct contributions or through the Palestinian State account established by the World Bank.[38]
After Hamas won a majority of seats in elections for the Palestinian Parliament, the United States and Israel instituted an economic blockade of the Gaza Strip.[39][40] When that failed to topple the new government, a covert operation was launched to eliminate Hamas by force.[41][42][43] The covert initiative was exposed when confidential State Department documents were accidentally leaked by the US envoy. The talking points delivered to the Fatah leadership said:
Hamas should be given a clear choice, with a clear deadline: they either accept a new government that meets the Quartet principles, or they reject it. The consequences of Hamas’ decision should also be clear: If Hamas does not agree within the prescribed time, you should make clear your intention to declare a state of emergency and form an emergency government explicitly committed to that platform.[44]
Since the Battle of Gaza (2007), the administration of the territories has been contested by two rival factions of the Palestinian National Authority, with Hamas controlling the Gaza Strip and Fatah continuing to administer the West Bank. Both groups claim legitimacy over leadership of the Palestinian territories. Most countries with an interest in the issues, including most of the Arab countries, recognize the administration of Mahmoud Abbas as the legitimate government over both Palestinian Territories.[who?]
During Operation Cast Lead the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1860 (2009), which said that the Gaza Strip constitutes an integral part of the territory occupied in 1967 that will be a part of the Palestinian state.[45]
On 15 December 2011, Iceland recognized Palestine as an independent and sovereign state within the pre-1967 Six Day War borders; Össur Skarphéðinsson, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iceland, and Dr. Riad Malki, the Foreign Minister of Palestine, formally confirmed the establishment of full diplomatic relations between Iceland and Palestine.[46]
Legal status[link]
| Part of a series on |
| Palestinians |
|---|
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| Demographics |
| Definitions · Palestine · History · Name · People · Diaspora Refugee camps · Arab citizens of Israel |
| Politics |
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Past Today Fatah · Hamas · Islamic Jihad · Political parties in the PNA General Palestinian flag · Law Territories:(West Bank · Gaza Strip · E. Jerusalem) |
| Religion / Religious sites |
| Islam · Christianity · Judaism Dome of the Rock Al-Aqsa Mosque Great Mosque of Gaza Cave of the Patriarchs Church of the Holy Sepulchre Basilica of the Annunciation Church of the Nativity Joseph's Tomb · Rachel's Tomb Lot's Tomb · Nabi Samwil |
| Culture |
| Art · Costume and embroidery Cinema · Cuisine · Dance Handicrafts · Language Literature · Music |
| Notable Palestinians |
| Mahmoud Abbas · Naji al-Ali Hanan Ashrawi Hany Abu-Assad Tawfiq Canaan Mahmoud Darwish · Emile Habibi Atallah Hanna Faisal Husseini Haj Amin al-Husseini Abd al-Qader al-Husseini Ghassan Kanafani Ghada Karmi · Leila Khaled Walid Khalidi Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Edward Said · Khalil al-Sakakini Ahmad Shukeiri · Elia Suleiman Khaled Abu Toameh · Fadwa Touqan · Ibrahim Touqan Khalil al-Wazir · Ahmed Yassin May Ziade · Wael Zwaiter |
See also: International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Political status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Status of territories captured by Israel
The international community regards the West Bank and East Jerusalem as territories occupied by Israel, and, although it has withdrawn its military forces, Israel continues to be designated the occupying power in the Gaza Strip by the United Nations, the United States, the United Kingdom and various human rights organizations.[47][48] However, the co-founder of Hamas, Mahmoud Zahar, has stated that Gaza is no longer occupied since the Israeli withdrawal.[49] The final status of the Palestinian Territories as an independent state is supported by the countries that form the Quartet's "Road map for peace". The government of Israel has also accepted the road map but with 14 reservations.[50]
Customary international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been widely interpreted as prohibiting Israel from building settlements, due to its clauses prohibiting the transfer of a civilian population into an occupied territory.[51] This was reaffirmed December 5, 2001, at the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention. The participating High Contracting Parties called upon Israel "to fully and effectively respect the Fourth Geneva Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to refrain from perpetrating any violation of the Convention. They reaffirm the illegality of the settlements in the said territories and of the extension thereof."[47] Article 47 of the Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits any change of status in occupied territory concluded through negotiations between the occupying power and local authorities under occupation. Critics point out that implementation of the Oslo Accords has not improved conditions for the population under occupation.[52] Israel contends that the settlements are not illegal as the West Bank is considered a "disputed territory" under international law. United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 recognized Israel's rights to "safe and secure borders", which has been interpreted as meaning that Israel had a right to West Bank territory for secure borders. The San Remo Conference, binding under international law, further envisioned the West Bank as being part of a sovereign Jewish state, and arguably encourages, rather than prohibits Jewish settlement in the area. Furthermore, many of the settlements were established on the sites of former Jewish communities that had existed there prior to 1947 on land that was legitimately bought, and ethnically cleansed by Arab forces. Israel views the territory as being the subject of legitimate diplomatic dispute and negotiation under international law.[53][54] East Jerusalem, captured in 1967, was unilaterally annexed by Israel. The UN Security Council Resolution 478 condemned the annexation as "a violation of international law". This annexation has not been recognized by other nations, although the United States Congress declared its intention to recognize the annexation (a proposal that has been condemned by other states and organizations). Because of the question of Jerusalem's status, no states base their diplomatic missions there and treat Tel Aviv as the capital,[55] though two states have embassies in the Jerusalem suburb of Mevaseret Zion. Israel asserts that these territories are not currently claimed by any other state, and that Israel has the right to control them.
Israel's position has not been accepted by most countries and international bodies, and the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip are referred to as occupied territories (with Israel as the occupying power) by most international legal and political bodies,[56] the rest of the Arab bloc, the UK,[57] including the EU, the United States,([8], [9][dead link]), both the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations,[58] the International Court of Justice, the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention,[59] and the Israeli Supreme Court (see Israeli West Bank barrier).
Some countries and international figures seem to have accorded some credibility to Israel's position. Former U.S. President George W. Bush stated, during his presidency, that he did not expect Israel to return entirely to pre-1967 borders, due to "new realities on the ground."[60] However, the longstanding policy of the United States called upon Israel to offer territorial compensation.[61]
Both U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair, who played notable roles in attempts at mediation, noted the need for some territorial and diplomatic compromise on this issue, based on the validity of some of the claims of both sides.[62][63] One compromise offered by Clinton would have allowed Israel to keep some settlements in the West Bank, especially those in large blocks near the pre-1967 borders of Israel. In return, Palestinians would have received concessions of land in other parts of the country.[64] The United Nations did not declare any change in the status of the territories as of the creation of the Palestinian National Authority between 1993 and 2000, although a 1999 U.N. document[56] implied that the chance for a change in that status was slim at that period.
During the period between the 1993 Oslo Accords and the Second Intifada beginning in 2000, Israeli officials claimed that the term "occupation" did not accurately reflect the state of affairs in the territories. During this time, the Palestinian population in large parts of the territories had a large degree of autonomy and only limited exposure to the IDF except when seeking to move between different areas. Following the events of the Second Intifada, and in particular, Operation Defensive Shield, most territories, including Palestinian cities (Area A), are back under effective Israeli military control, so the discussion along those lines is largely moot.
In the summer of 2005, Israel implemented its unilateral disengagement plan; about 8500 Israeli citizens living in the Gaza Strip were forcibly removed from the territory; some received alternative homes and a sum of money. The Israel Defense Forces vacated Gaza in 2005, but invaded it again in 2006 in response to rocket attacks and the abduction of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit by Hamas.
In January 2010, King Abdullah of Jordan, after a meeting with the Israeli president Shimon Peres at the World Economic Forum in Davos, declared that his country does not want to rule the West Bank and that "the two-state solution" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was the only viable option. If rule over the territory was to be transferred to the kingdom, it would only "replace Israeli military rule with Jordanian military rule... and the Palestinians want their own state."[65]
In December 2010, Brazil recognized Palestine as a state with its 1967 borders. This move was later followed by Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, Bolivia and Ecuador. This action was later criticized by Israel and the United States, who labelled it "counterproductive".[66]
Governorates structure[link]
Main article: Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority
The Constitution of the League of Arab States says the existence and independence of Palestine cannot be questioned de jure even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as a result of force majeure.[67] The League supervised the Egyptian trusteeship of the Palestinian government in Gaza after the termination of the British Mandate and secured assurances from Jordan that the 1950 Act of Union was "without prejudice to the final settlement".[68][69]
By the 1988 declaration, the PNC empowered its central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and called upon its executive committee to perform the duties of the government-in-exile until its establishment.[70]
Under the terms of the Oslo Accords signed between Israel and the PLO, the latter assumed control over the Jericho area of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip on 17 May 1994. On September 28, 1995, following the signing of the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israeli military forces withdrew from the West Bank towns of Nablus, Ramallah, Jericho, Jenin, Tulkarem, Qalqilya and Bethlehem. In December 1995, the PLO also assumed responsibility for civil administration in 17 areas in Hebron.[71] While the PLO assumed these responsibilities as a result of Oslo, a new temporary interim administrative body was set up as a result of the Accords to carry out these functions on the ground: the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).
An analysis outlining the relationship between the PLO, the PNA (or PA), Palestine and Israel in light of the interim arrangements set out in the Oslo Accords begins by stating that, "Palestine may best be described as a transitional association between the PA and the PLO." It goes on to explain that this transitional association accords the PA responsibility for local government and the PLO responsibility for representation of the Palestinian people in the international arena, while prohibiting it from concluding international agreements that affect the status of the occupied territories. This situation is said to be accepted by the Palestinian population insofar as it is viewed as a temporary arrangement.[72]
In March 2008 it was reported that the PA was working to increase the number of countries that recognize Palestine and that a PA representative had signed a bilateral agreement between the State of Palestine and Costa Rica.[73] A recent Al-Haq position paper said the reality is that the PA has entered into various agreements with international organizations and states. These instances of foreign relations undertaken by the PA signify that the Interim Agreement is part of a larger on-going peace process, and that the restrictions on the foreign policy operations of the PA conflict with the inalienable right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, now a norm with a nature of jus cogens, which includes a right to engage in international relations with other peoples.[74]
See also[link]
- Outline of the Palestinian territories
- Definitions of Palestine
- Economy of the Palestinian territories
- Racism in the Palestinian territories
- Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt
- Occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan
- Palestinian Environmental NGOs Network
- Palestinian flag
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Monitoring Program
- Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories
References[link]
- ^ The Palestine Basic Law, approved by the PLC in May 2002, states in the article 3 "Jerusalem is the Capital of Palestine" (source: Palestinianbasiclaw.org). Ramallah is the administrative capital and the location of government institutions as well as the foreign representative offices of Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Malta, the Netherlands, South Africa, and Switzerland. Jerusalem's final status awaits future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (see "Negotiating Jerusalem", University of Maryland[dead link]). The United Nations and most countries do not accept Israel's claim over the whole of Jerusalem (see Kellerman 1993, p. 140) and maintain their embassies to Israel in other cities (see the CIA Factbook).
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/Lets-Talk-HD-HDI_2010.pdf
- ^ [2] "Note that the term Palestine has historically referred to the region which today incorporates Israel as well as the Palestinian territories. The current position was expressed by Mahmoud Abbas in his September 2011 speech to the United Nations: 'When we adopted this program, we were taking a painful and very difficult step for all of us, especially those, including myself, who were forced to leave their homes and their towns and villages, carrying only some of our belongings and our grief and our memories and the keys of our homes to the camps of exile and the Diaspora in the 1948 Al-Nakba, one of the worst operations of uprooting, destruction and removal of a vibrant and cohesive society that had been contributing in a pioneering and leading way in the cultural, educational and economic renaissance of the Arab Middle East. Yet, because we believe in peace and because of our conviction in international legitimacy, and because we had the courage to make difficult decisions for our people, and in the absence of absolute justice, we decided to adopt the path of relative justice - justice that is possible and could correct part of the grave historical injustice committed against our people. Thus, we agreed to establish the State of Palestine on only 22% of the territory of historical Palestine - on all the Palestinian Territory occupied by Israel in 1967.'"
- ^ Egypt Israel Armistice Agreement UN Doc S/1264/Corr.1 23 February 1949
- ^ a b "West Bank/Gaza (Occupied Palestinian Territories) Information". America-Mideast Educational and Training Services Inc. (AMIDEAST). http://www.amideast.org/westbank/country_info.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-03. [dead link]
- ^ Le More, Anne (2008). International assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo: political guilt, wasted money. Routledge studies on the Arab-Israeli conflict. 1. London and New York: Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-415-45385-1.
- ^ "December Overview" (PDF). UNOCHA. December 2009. http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_the_humanitarian_monitor_2010_01_18_english.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-03.
- ^ Resolution 446, Resolution 465, Resolution 484, among others
- ^ "Applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and the other occupied Arab territories". United Nations. 17 December 2003. http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/97360ee7a29e68a085256df900723485/d6f5d7049734efff85256e1200677754. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
- ^ "EU-Settlements Watch". 1 February – 31 July 2002. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/2004/12/22/%7B3FA161D9-6DA6-408F-85CE-20D0EC68DDFF%7D.pdf.
- ^ "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory". International Court of Justice. 9 July 2004. http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/3740e39487a5428a85256ecc005e157a. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
- ^ "Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: statement by the International Committee of the Red Cross". International Committee of the Red Cross. 5 December 2001. http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/5fldpj.htm. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
- ^ The Right of Conquest By Sharon Korman
- ^ Dugard, John (1987). Recognition and the United Nations. Cambridge: Grotius Publications Limited. pp. 111–115. ISBN 0-521-46322-X.
- ^ a b [3]
- ^ UK Government Foreign Office[dead link]
- ^ "House of Commons International Development Committee - FINAL REPORT Vol I 26 January 2004" (PDF). http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmintdev/230/230.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ International Committee of the Red Cross[dead link]
- ^ see for example:The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement 18 August 1988
- ^ The British labour movement and Zionism, 1917-1948. Routledge. 1983. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7146-3162-2. "The Jewish people have always regarded, and will continue to regard Palestine as a whole, as a single country which is theirs in a national sense and will become theirs once again. No Jew will accept partition as a just and rightful solution."
- ^ Chomsky, Noam (1999). Fateful triangle: the United States, Israel, and the Palestinians. South End Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-89608-601-2.
- ^ Shlaim, Avi (2008). The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. Paw Prints. p. 670. ISBN 978-1-4352-9513-1.
- ^ see for example: Open a Bible
- ^ The Likud—Platform states "The Government of Israel flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state west of the Jordan River. The Palestinians can run their lives freely in the framework of self-rule, but not as an independent and sovereign state."
- ^ [From 'Occupied Territories' to 'Disputed Territories,' Dore Gold, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=380&PID=1864&IID=1115]
- ^ http://untreaty.un.org/unts/144078_158780/11/6/4045.pdf
- ^ History[dead link], Civil Society Network on the Question of Palestine, Division for Palestinian Rights, United Nations.
- ^ Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. page 211
- ^ British_mandate#Land_ownership_of_the_British_Mandate_of_Palestine
- ^ Alexander Safian, Can Arabs Buy Land in Israel?, Middle East Quarterly Volume IV, Number 4, December 1997; citing Moshe Aumann, Land Ownership in Palestine 1880–1948, Israel Academic Committee on the Middle East (undated, approximately 1970). The Negev statement is in Aumann.
- ^ Announcement in the UK House of Commons of the recognition of the State of Israel and also of the annexation of the West Bank by the State of Jordan. Commons Debates (Hansard) 5th series, Vol 474, pp1137-1141. April 27, 1950. scan (PDF)
- ^ Palestinian National Charter[dead link], 1964
- ^ "Khartoum Resolutions". Mideastweb.org. 1967-06-19. http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Department of the Treasury, Customs Service, T.D. 97–16, Country of Origin Marking of Products From the West Bank and Gaza" (PDF). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1997-03-14/pdf/97-6434.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "USAID West Bank/Gaza". Usaid.gov. http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/home.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "West Bank and Gaza - Strategic Objective: 294-001" (PDF). http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget/cbj2005/ane/pdf/294-001.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Embassy of France. "International Donors’ Conferences for the Palestinian State". Ambafrance-us.org. http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article1037. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ British Jewish group sparks outrage with Gaza blockade criticism[dead link]
- ^ "Gaza’s Future, Henry Siegman, London Review of Books". Lrb.co.uk. http://www.lrb.co.uk/v30/n03/sieg01_.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Bay of Pigs in Gaza, Tom Segev, Haaretz[dead link]
- ^ Suzanne Goldenberg in Washington (2008-03-04). "US plotted to overthrow Hamas after election victory, Suzanne Goldenberg, The". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/04/usa.israelandthepalestinians. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Rabin Made Mistake Arming Arafat - Olmert Makes Same Mistake Arming Abbas". Zoa.org. http://www.zoa.org/sitedocuments/pressrelease_view.asp?pressreleaseID=104. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "The Gaza Bombshell, David Rose, Vanity Fair, April 2008, page 3". Vanityfair.com. 2009-10-20. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/04/gaza200804?currentPage=3. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "See the text of UN Security Council Resolution 1860 (2009)". Un.org. 2009-01-08. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9567.doc.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Iceland Recognizes Palestine, Iceland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs
- ^ a b Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: Declaration, Dec 5, 2001, UN website.
- ^ Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability Amnesty International. 2009-01-19. Retrieved 2009-06-05; Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories Human Rights Watch, July 6, 2006; Is Gaza 'occupied' territory? CNN, January 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^ [4] "'Against whom could we demonstrate in the Gaza Strip? When Gaza was occupied, that model was applicable,' Zahar said." Retrieved from Ma'an News Agency, January 5, 2012
- ^ Israeli Cabinet Statement on Road Map and 14 Reservations, May 25, 2003
- ^ The Mitchell Report BBC, November 29, 2001
- ^ Occupation, Colonialism, Apartheid?, Human Sciences Research Council, May 2009, page 71
- ^ Israeli Settlements and International Law, Israel Foreign Ministry website, 5/4/01, accessed 12/18/07.
- ^ "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories" by Dore Gold, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, January 16, 2002. Retrieved September 29, 2005.
- ^ "Foreign Missions in Israel -Continents". Mfa.gov.il. 2007-05-30. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Sherut/ForeignInIsrael/Continents/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ a b United Nations International Meeting on the Convening of the Conference on Measures to Enforce the Fourth Geneva Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem[dead link], UN website, Cairo, 14 and 15 June 1999.
- ^ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster. "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 10 May 2002 (pt 11)". Parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk. http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/cm020510/text/20510w11.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-30. [dead link]
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ "Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: Declaration - Switzerland text/Non-UN document (5 December 2001)". Unispal.un.org. http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/8fc4f064b9be5bad85256c1400722951?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Israel 'to keep some settlements', BBC, 4/12/05.
- ^ "Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Near East, South Asia, and Africa Volume VI, page 878 President Trutman to King A bdullah Ibn'el-Hussein of Transjordan". Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1949v06.p0894&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v06&isize=M. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Remarks by Pres. Clinton, 1/7/01. (Full transcript available at: cnn transcript)
- ^ Tony Blair press conference, 4/17/04, UK Foreign Office official website, including comments on compromising on settlements, accessed 7/12/07. (scroll down to question that begins with the phrase, "But Mr Sharon sees a final settlement...")
- ^
- Excerpt: Clinton, Bill. "The 'Clinton Parameters.'" Jewish Virtual Library. 7 January 2001.
- Full transcript: "Transcript of Clinton's remarks to the Israel Policy Forum gala." CNN.com International. Cable News Network. 8 January 2010. Web. 15 October 2010. Transcript.
- ^ By DPA (2010-04-29). ""http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1146187.html "King Abdullah: Jordan wants no part of West Bank"". Haaretz.com. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1146187.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Ecuador becomes fifth Latin American country to recognize Palestinian state". Haaretz. 2010-12-25. http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/ecuador-becomes-fifth-latin-american-country-to-recognize-palestinian-state-1.332845. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
- ^ Henry G. Schermers and Niels M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, Hotei, 1995-2004, ISBN 90-04-13828-5, page 51
- ^ Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 2, US State Department (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pages 1163-68
- ^ See paragraph 2.20 of the Written Statement submitted by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan [6]
- ^ Sayigh, 1999, p. 624.
- ^ Europa World Publications, 2004, p. 905.
- ^ Dajani in Brownlie et al., 1999, p. 121.
- ^ See Perelman, Marc, Forward, March 07, 2008, Costa Rica Opens Official Ties With ‘State of Palestine’ [7]
- ^ Al-Haq Position Paper on Issues Arising from the Palestinian Authority’s Submission of a Declaration to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Under Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute (December 14, 2009)
External links[link]
| Find more about Palestinian Territories on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Statistical Atlas of Palestine - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
- Global Integrity Report: West Bank has governance and anti-corruption profile.
- Gaza Strip entry at The World Factbook
- West Bank entry at The World Factbook
- Palestinian Territories at the United States Department of State
- Palestine from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Palestinian Territory at the Open Directory Project
- The Question of Palestine & the United NationsPDF, published by the United Nations Department of Public Information, March 2003. UN Brochure DPI/2276. Online, chapters are in PDF format.
- Local Government in Palestine, published by Agence Française de Développement, October 2010.
- Palestine under the Ottoman Rule The Ottoman Palestine Pictures
- * A unique look at the Palestinian Territories street art
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Coordinates: 31°53′N 35°12′E / 31.883°N 35.2°E / 31.883; 35.2
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Israeli–Palestinian conflict | |||||
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| Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | |||||
Central Israel next to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, 2007 |
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| Belligerents | |||||
 Israel |
 Palestine |
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Peace Process
Camp David Accords · Madrid Conference Primary Negotiation Concerns
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The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the early 20th century.[1] The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is also used in reference to the earlier phases of the same conflict, between the Zionist yishuv and the Arab population living in Palestine under Ottoman and then British rule. It forms part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[2] Palestinian freedom of movement[3] and legalities concerning refugees. The violence resulting from the conflict has prompted international actions, as well as other security and human rights concerns, both within and between both sides, and internationally. In addition, the violence has curbed expansion of tourism in the region, which is full of historic and religious sites that are of interest to many people around the world.
Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution, involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside an independent Jewish state or next to the State of Israel (after Israel's establishment in 1948). As recently as 2007, a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, prefer the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict.[4] Moreover, a considerable majority of the Jewish public sees the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and thinks Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state.[5] A majority of Palestinians and Israelis view the West Bank and Gaza Strip as an acceptable location of the hypothetical Palestinian state in a two-state solution.[6] However, there are significant areas of disagreement over the shape of any final agreement and also regarding the level of credibility each side sees in the other in upholding basic commitments.[7]
Within Israeli and Palestinian society, the conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions. This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also within each society. A hallmark of the conflict has been the level of violence witnessed for virtually its entire duration. Fighting has been conducted by regular armies, paramilitary groups, terror cells and individuals. Casualties have not been restricted to the military, with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides. There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict. The two parties engaged in direct negotiation are the Israeli government, currently led by Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), currently headed by Mahmoud Abbas. The official negotiations are mediated by an international contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle East (the Quartet) represented by a special envoy that consists of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations. The Arab League is another important actor, which has proposed an alternative peace plan. Egypt, a founding member of the Arab League, has historically been a key participant.
Since 2003, the Palestinian side has been fractured by conflict between the two major factions: Fatah, the traditionally dominant party, and its later electoral challenger, Hamas. Following Hamas' seizure of power in the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the territory controlled by the Palestinian National Authority (the Palestinian interim government) is split between Fatah in the West Bank, and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. The division of governance between the parties has effectively resulted in the collapse of bipartisan governance of the Palestinian National Authority (PA). A round of peace negotiations began at Annapolis, Maryland, United States, in November 2007. These talks were aimed at having a final resolution by the end of 2008.[8] Direct negotiations between the Israeli government and Palestinian leadership began in September 2010 aimed at reaching an official final status settlement.
Contents
|
History[link]
Main article: History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Peace process[link]
| Part of a series on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and Arab–Israeli conflict | ||||
| Israeli–Palestinian peace process | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Israel with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights:
|
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| Negotiating parties | ||||
| Israel · Palestinians | ||||
| History | ||||
| Camp David Accords · Madrid Conference | ||||
| Oslo Accords / Oslo II · Hebron Protocol | ||||
| Wye River / Sharm el-Sheikh Memoranda | ||||
| 2000 Camp David Summit · Taba Summit | ||||
| Road Map · Annapolis · State of Palestine | ||||
| Primary negotiation concerns | ||||
| Final borders · Israeli settlements · Refugees (Jewish · Palestinian Arab) · Security concerns | ||||
| Status of Jerusalem · Water | ||||
| Secondary negotiation concerns | ||||
| Antisemitic incitements | ||||
| Israeli West Bank barrier · Jewish state | ||||
| Palestinian political violence | ||||
| Places of worship | ||||
| Current leaders | ||||
|
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| International brokers | ||||
| Diplomatic Quartet (United Nations · United States · European Union · Russia) | ||||
| Arab League (Egypt · Jordan) · United Kingdom · France | ||||
| Other proposals | ||||
|
One-state solution (Isratine) · Two-state solutions (Arab Peace Initiative · Geneva Accord · Allon Plan · Elon Peace Plan · Lieberman Plan) · Three-state solution Israeli unilateral plans: Disengagement · Realignment |
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| Peace-orientated projects: Peace Valley · Middle East economic integration | ||||
| Major projects, groups and NGOs | ||||
| Peace-oriented projects · Peace Valley · Alliance for Middle East Peace · Peres Center for Peace | ||||
Main article: Peace process in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Oslo Accords (1993)[link]
Main article: Oslo Accords
In 1993, Israeli officials led by Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian leaders from the Palestine Liberation Organization led by Yasser Arafat strove to find a peaceful solution through what became known as the Oslo peace process. A crucial milestone in this process was Arafat's letter of recognition of Israel's right to exist. In 1993, the Oslo Accords were finalized as a framework for future Israeli–Palestinian relations. The crux of the Oslo agreement was that Israel would gradually cede control of the Palestinian territories over to the Palestinians in exchange for peace. The Oslo process was delicate and progressed in fits and starts, the process took a turning point at the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and finally unraveled when Arafat and Ehud Barak failed to reach agreement at Camp David in July 2000. Robert Malley, special assistant to US President Bill Clinton for Arab–Israeli Affairs, has confirmed that while Barak made no formal written offer to Arafat, the US did present concepts for peace which were considered by the Israeli side yet left unanswered by Arafat "the Palestinians’ principal failing is that from the beginning of the Camp David summit onward they were unable either to say yes to the American ideas or to present a cogent and specific counterproposal of their own".[9] Consequently, there are different accounts of the proposals considered.[10][11][12]
Camp David Summit (2000)[link]
Main article: 2000 Camp David Summit
In July 2000, US President Bill Clinton convened a peace summit between Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. Barak reportedly put forward the following as 'bases for negotiation', via the U.S. to the Palestinian leader; between 92% and 95% of the West Bank and the entire Gaza Strip,[13] as well as a Palestinian capital in East Jerusalem,[14][15][unreliable source?] and that 69 Jewish settlements (which comprise 85% of the West Bank's Jewish settlers) would be ceded to Israel. [16] He also proposed "temporary Israeli control" indefinitely over another 10% of the West Bank territory—an area including many more Jewish settlements. According to Palestinian sources, the remaining area would be under Palestinian control, yet certain areas would be broken up by Israeli bypass roads and checkpoints. Depending on how the security roads would be configured, these Israeli roads might impede free travel by Palestinians throughout their proposed nation and reduce the ability to absorb Palestinian refugees.
Arafat rejected this offer. President Clinton reportedly requested that Arafat make a counter-offer, but he proposed none. Former Israeli Foreign Minister Shlomo Ben Ami who kept a diary of the negotiations said in an interview in 2001, when asked whether the Palestinians made a counterproposal: "No. And that is the heart of the matter. Never, in the negotiations between us and the Palestinians, was there a Palestinian counterproposal."[17]
No tenable solution was crafted which would satisfy both Israeli and Palestinian demands, even under intense US pressure. Clinton blamed Arafat for the failure of the Camp David Summit. In the months following the summit, Clinton appointed former US Senator George J. Mitchell to lead a fact-finding committee that later published the Mitchell Report aimed at restoring the peace process.
Taba Summit (2001)[link]
Main article: Taba Summit
The Israeli negotiation team presented a new map at the Taba Summit in Taba, Egypt in January 2001. The proposition removed the "temporarily Israeli controlled" areas, and the Palestinian side accepted this as a basis for further negotiation. However, Prime Minister Ehud Barak did not conduct further negotiations at that time; the talks ended without an agreement. The following month the Likud party candidate Ariel Sharon was elected as Israeli prime minister on 7 February 2001.
Road Map for Peace[link]
Main article: Road map for peace
One peace proposal, presented by the Quartet of the European Union, Russia, the United Nations and the United States on 17 September 2002, was the Road Map for Peace. This plan did not attempt to resolve difficult questions such as the fate of Jerusalem or Israeli settlements, but left that to be negotiated in later phases of the process. The proposal never made it beyond the first phase, which called for a halt to Israeli settlement construction and a halt to Israeli and Palestinian violence, none of which was achieved.[citation needed]
Arab Peace Initiative[link]
Main article: Arab Peace Initiative
The Arab Peace Initiative (Arabic: مبادرة السلام العربية Mubādirat as-Salām al-ʿArabīyyah) was first proposed by Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia in the Beirut Summit. The peace initiative is a proposed solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict as a whole, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in particular.
The initiative was initially published on 28 March 2002, at the Beirut Summit, and agreed upon again in 2007 in the Riyadh Summit.
Unlike the Road Map for Peace, it spelled out "final-solution" borders based explicitly on the UN borders established before the 1967 Six-Day War. It offered full normalization of relations with Israel, in exchange for the withdrawal of its forces from all the occupied territories, including the Golan Heights, to recognize "an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as a "just solution" for the Palestinian refugees.[18]
A number of Israeli officials have responded to the initiative with both support and criticism. The Israeli government has expressed reservations on 'red line,' issues such as the Palestinian refugee problem, homeland security concerns, and the nature of Jerusalem.[19] However, the Arab League continues to raise it as a possible solution, and meetings between the Arab League and Israel have been held.[20]
Present status[link]
The peace process has been predicated on a "two-state solution" thus far, but questions have been raised towards both sides' resolve to end the dispute.
Israel's settlement policy[link]
Israel has had its settlement growth and policies in the Palestinian territories harshly criticized by the European Union citing it as increasingly undermining the viability of the two-state solution and running in contrary to the Israeli-stated commitment to resume negotiations.[21][22] In December 2011, all the regional groupings on the UN Security Council named continued settlement construction and settler violence as disruptive to the resumption of talks, a call viewed by Russia as a "historic step".[23][24][25] In April 2012 international outrage followed Israeli steps to further entrench the Jewish settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, which included the publishing of tenders for further settler homes and the plan to legalize settler outposts. Britain said that the move was a breach of Israeli commitments under the road map to freeze all settlement expansion in the land captured since 1967. The British Foreign Minister stated that the "Systematic, illegal Israeli settlement activity poses the most significant and live threat to the viability of the two state solution".[26]
Israeli incitement[link]
In May 2012, The Palestinian Authority launched a report highlighting statements made by Israelis that purportedly promote hatred of Palestinians. An accompanying email claimed that the report "is the first of a regular series that will highlight Israeli incitement, giving examples of statements or actions that encourage hatred, support violence or increase tensions, undermining the Palestinian right to a state,”.
The 11-page report lists about a dozen statements by Israeli leaders and schoolbook passages that allegedly prove that Israel is not interested in a peaceful solution with the Palestinians.[27] In May 2012 the 27 foreign ministers of the European Union issued a statement which condemned continued Israeli settler violence and incitement.[28] In a similar move, the Quartet "expressed its concern over ongoing settler violence and incitement in the West Bank," calling on Israel "to take effective measures, including bringing the perpetrators of such acts to justice."[29] The Palestinian Ma'an News agency reported the PA Cabinet's statement on the issue stated that the West Bank and East Jerusalem were seeing "an escalation in incitement and settler violence against our people with a clear protection from the occupation military. The last of which was the thousands of settler march in East Jerusalem which included slogans inciting to kill, hate and supports violence".[30]
Palestinian incitement[link]
Israeli officials and other political figures have harshly criticized what they regard as Palestinians inciting violence against Jews and Israel. In 2011, Israeli PM Benyamin Netanyahu stated that the incitement promulgated by the Palestinian Authority was destroying Israel’s confidence, and he condemned what he regarded as the glorification of the murderers of the Fogel family in Itamar on PA television. The perpetrator of the murders had been described as a "hero" and a "legend" by members of his family, during a weekly program.[31][32] This occured shortly after the official Palestinian Authority Mufti in Jerusalem publicly read out an Islamic hadith that says killing Jews will speed up the redemption[33] which was criticised by the UK's Minister for the Middle East and North Africa as potentially stirring up "hatred and prejudice".[34][35] Following the Itamar massacre and a bombing in Jerusalem, 27 US senators sent a letter requesting the US Secretary of State to identify the administration's steps to end Palestinian incitement to violence against Jews and Israel that was occurring within the "Palestinian media, mosques and schools, and even by individuals or institutions affiliated with the Palestinian Authority."[36] The United Nations body UNESCO stopped funding a children's magazine sponsored by the Palestinian Authority that commended Hitler's killing of Jews. It deplored this publication as contrary to its principles of building tolerance and respect for human rights and human dignity.[37]
UN and the Palestinian state[link]
The PLO's campaign for full member status for the state of Palestine at the UN and have recognition on the 1967 borders received widespread support[38][39] though it was criticised by some countries, as it avoided bilateral negotiation.[40][41] Netanyahu criticized the Palestinians for bypassing direct talks,[42] while Abbas argued that the continued construction of Jewish settlements was "undermining the realistic potential" for the two-state solution.[43]
Public support[link]
Polling data has produced mixed results regarding the level of support among Palestinians for the two-state solution. The most recent poll was carried out in 2011 by the Hebrew University. It indicated that support for a two-state solution was growing among both Israelis and Palestinians. The poll found that 58% of Israelis and 50% of Palestinians supported a two-state solution based on the Clinton Parameters, compared with 47% of Israelis and 39% of Palestinians in 2003, the first year the poll was carried out. The poll also found that an increasing percentage of both populations supported an end to violence—63% of Palestinians and 70% of Israelis expressing their support for an end to violence, an increase of 2% for Israelis and 5% for Palestinians from the previous year.[44]
Return of bodies[link]
In May 2012, Israel agreed to hand over the bodies of Palestinian suicide bombers and other militants as part of a goodwill gesture to PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas to help revive the peace talks and reinstate direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. The dead were responsible for the deaths of hundreds of Israelis, many of them civilians, and most of them died while carrying out attacks against Israelis.[45] The Palestinian Authority accorded them full military funerals and held a national rally in their honour. The bodies included the suicide bombers that perpetrated the bus bombing in Jerusalem’s Shmuel Hanavi neighborhood which killed twenty-three people, many of them children, and the attacker in the Cafe Hillel bombing. Israel will also return the remains of the bombers that committed the bombings on two buses in Beersheba in 2004 killing 16 people, the Stage night club bombing, the attack on the open-air Hadera market as well as the attackers of the Savoy Hotel in Tel Aviv who killed eight hostages. Abbas attended an official ceremony at his Muqataa compound and Prisoners Affairs Minister Qaraqi called on Palestinians for a day of celebration. The rally was attended by PA President Mahmoud Abbas, PLO leaders, clerics and families of the dead militants. The dead are considered martyrs by many Palestinians, but viewed as terrorists by many Israelis.[46][47][48][49][50]
Current issues in dispute[link]
The following outlined positions are the official positions of the two parties; however, it is important to note that neither side holds a single position. Both the Israeli and the Palestinian sides include both moderate and extremist bodies as well as dovish and hawkish bodies.
One of the primary obstacles to the current peace process is a deepset and growing distrust between its participants. Unilateral strategies and the rhetoric of hard-line political factions, coupled with violence and incitements by civilians against one another, have fostered mutual embitterment and hostility and a loss of faith in the peace process. Support among Palestinians for Hamas is considerable, and as its members consistently call for the destruction of Israel and violence remains a threat, security becomes a prime concern for many Israelis. The expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank has led the majority of Palestinians to believe that Israel is not committed to reaching an agreement, but rather to a pursuit of establishing permanent control over this territory in order to provide that security.[51]
Jerusalem[link]
Main article: Positions on Jerusalem
The border of Jerusalem is a particularly delicate issue, with each side asserting claims over this city. The three largest Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—include Jerusalem as an important setting for their religious and historical narratives.[52] Israel asserts that the city should not be divided and should remain unified within Israel's political control. Palestinians claim at least the parts of the city which were not part of Israel prior to June 1967. As of 2005, there were more than 719,000 people living in Jerusalem; 465,000 were Jews (mostly living in West Jerusalem) and 232,000 were Muslims (mostly living in East Jerusalem).[53]
The Israeli government, including the Knesset and Supreme Court, is centered in the "new city" of West Jerusalem and has been since Israel's founding in 1948. After Israel captured the Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem in the Six-Day War, it assumed complete administrative control of East Jerusalem. In 1980, Israel issued a new law stating, "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel."[54]
At the Camp David and Taba Summits in 2000–01, the United States proposed a plan in which the Arab parts of Jerusalem would be given to the proposed Palestinian state while the Jewish parts of Jerusalem were retained by Israel. All archaeological work under the Temple Mount would be jointly controlled by the Israeli and Palestinian governments. Both sides accepted the proposal in principle, but the summits ultimately failed.[55]
Israel has grave concerns regarding the welfare of Jewish holy places under possible Palestinian control. When Jerusalem was under Jordanian control, no Jews were allowed to visit the Western Wall or other Jewish holy places, and the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives was desecrated.[55] In 2000, a Palestinian mob took over Joseph's Tomb, a shrine considered sacred by both Jews and Muslims, looted and burned the building and turned it into a mosque.[56] There are unauthorized Palestinian excavations for construction on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which could threaten the stability of the Western Wall.[citation needed] Israel, on the other hand, has seldom blocked access to holy places sacred to other religions.[57] Israeli security agencies routinely monitor and arrest Jewish extremists that plan attacks, resulting in almost no serious incidents for the last 20 years.[58][not in citation given] Moreover, Israel has given almost complete autonomy to the Muslim trust (Waqf) over the Temple Mount.[55]
Israel expresses concern over the security of its residents if neighborhoods of Jerusalem are placed under Palestinian control. Jerusalem has been a prime target for attacks by militant groups against civilian targets since 1967. Many Jewish neighborhoods have been fired upon from Arab areas. The proximity of the Arab areas, if these regions were to fall in the boundaries of a Palestinian state, would be so close as to threaten the safety of Jewish residents. Nadav Shragai states this idea in his study for the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, "An Israeli security body that was tasked in March 2000 with examining the possibility of transferring three Arab villages just outside of Jerusalem – Abu Dis, Al Azaria, and a-Ram – to Palestinian security control, assessed at the time that: 'Terrorists will be able to exploit the short distances, sometimes involving no more than crossing a street, to cause damage to people or property. A terrorist will be able to stand on the other side of the road, shoot at an Israeli or throw a bomb, and it may be impossible to do anything about it. The road will constitute the border.' If that is the case for neighborhoods outside of Jerusalem's municipal boundaries, how much more so for Arab neighborhoods within those boundaries.[59]
Palestinians have voiced concerns regarding the welfare of Christian and Muslim holy places under Israeli control.[60]
Some Palestinian advocates have made statements alleging that the Western Wall tunnel was re-opened with the intent of causing the mosque's collapse.[61] Israel considers these statements to be totally baseless and unfounded, and to be deliberately intended to incite aggression and public disorder,[62] and stated this in a 1996 speech at the UN.[63] The Israeli government insists it treats the Muslim and Christian holy sites with utmost respect. According to a 2010 study published by Freedom House, freedom of religion is respected.[citation needed]
Palestinian refugees of the 1948 war[link]
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Palestinian refugees are people who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict.[64] The number of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from Israel following its creation was estimated at 711,000 in 1949.[65] Descendants of these original Palestinian Refugees are also eligible for registration and services provided by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), and as of 2010 number 4.7 million people.[66] A third of the refugees live in recognized refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The remainder live in and around the cities and towns of these host countries.[64]
Most of these people were born outside of Israel, but are descendants of original Palestinian refugees.[64] Palestinian negotiators, most notably Yasser Arafat,[67] have so far insisted that refugees have a right to return to the places where they lived before 1948 and 1967, including those within the 1949 Armistice lines, citing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and UN General Assembly Resolution 194 as evidence, although they have privately countenanced the return of only 10,000 refugees and their families to Israel as part of a peace settlement. Mahmoud Abbas, the current Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization accepts that it is "illogical to ask Israel to take 5 million, or indeed 1 million. That would mean the end of Israel." [68]
The Arab Peace Initiative of 2002 declared that it proposed the compromise of a "just resolution" of the refugee problem.[69]
Palestinian and international authors have justified the right of return of the Palestinian refugees on several grounds:[70][71][72]
- A few authors included in the broader New Historians assert that the Palestinian refugees were chased out or expelled by the actions of the Haganah, Lehi and Irgun.[73] Prominent historians such as Professor Avi Shlaim have argued otherwise. Shlaim (2000) has given documented accounts of how the Palestinians lost their homes and land. He argues that from April 1948 the military forces of what was to become Israel had embarked on a new offensive strategy which involved destroying Arab villages and the forced removal of civilians.
- The traditional Israeli point of view arguing that Arab leaders encouraged Palestinian Arabs to flee has also been disputed by the New Historians, which instead have shown evidence indicating Arab leaders' will for the Palestinian Arab population to stay put.[74]
- The Israeli Law of Return that grants citizenship to any Jew from anywhere in the world is viewed by some as discrimination against non-Jews, especially Palestinians that cannot apply for such citizenship or return to the territory which they left.[citation needed]
- According to the UN Resolution 194[dead link], adopted in 1948, "the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible." UN Resolution 3236[dead link] "reaffirms also the inalienable right of the Palestinians to return to their homes and property from which they have been displaced and uprooted, and calls for their return". Resolution 242 from the UN affirms the necessity for "achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem"; however, Resolution 242 does not specify that the "just settlement" must or should be in the form of a literal Palestinian right of return.[75]
The most common arguments for opposition are:
- The Israeli government asserts that the Arab refugee problem is largely caused by the refusal of all Arab governments except Jordan to grant citizenship to Palestinian Arabs who reside within those countries' borders. This has produced much of the poverty and economic problems of the refugees, according to MFA documents.[76]
- The Palestinian refugee issue is handled by a separate authority from that handling other refugees, that is, by UNRWA and not the UNHCR. Most of the people recognizing themselves as Palestinian refugees would have otherwise been assimilated into their country of current residency, and would not maintain their refugee state if not for the separate entities.
- Concerning the origin of the Palestinian refugees, the official version of the Israeli government is that during the 1948 War the Arab Higher Committee and the Arab states encouraged Palestinians to flee in order to make it easier to rout the Jewish state or that they did so to escape the fights by fear.[76] The Palestinian narrative is that refugees were expelled and dispossessed by Jewish militias and by the Israeli army, following a plan established even before the war.[citation needed] Historians still debate the causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus.
- Since none of the 900,000 Jewish refugees who fled anti-Semitic violence in the Arab world was ever compensated or repatriated by their former countries of residence—to no objection on the part of Arab leaders—a precedent has been set whereby it is the responsibility of the nation which accepts the refugees to assimilate them.[77][78][79]
- Although Israel accepts the right of the Palestinian Diaspora to return into a new Palestinian state, Israel insists that their return into the current state of Israel would be a great danger for the stability of the Jewish state; an influx of Palestinian refugees would lead to the destruction of the state of Israel.[80][81]
Israeli security concerns[link]
See also: United States security assistance to the Palestinian Authority, Palestinian political violence, and 2010 Palestinian militancy campaign
Throughout the conflict, Palestinian violence has been a concern for Israelis. Israel,[82] along with the United States[83] and the European Union, refer to the violence against Israeli civilians and military forces by Palestinian militants as terrorism. The motivations behind Palestinian violence against Israeli civilians are multiplex, and not all violent Palestinian groups agree with each other on specifics, however a common motive is to eliminate the Jewish state and replace it with a Palestinian Arab state.[84] The most prominent Islamist groups, such as Hamas, view the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as a religious jihad.[85]
Suicide bombing is used as a tactic among Palestinian organizations like Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade and is supported by as much as 68% of the Palestinian people.[86] In Israel, Palestinian suicide bombers have targeted civilian buses, restaurants, shopping malls, hotels and marketplaces.[87] From 1993–2003, 303 Palestinian suicide bombers attacked Israel.[88]
The Israeli government initiated the construction of a security barrier following scores of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks in July 2003. Israel's coalition government approved the security barrier in the northern part of the green-line between Israel and the West Bank. Since the erection of the fence, terrorist acts have declined by more than 90%.[89]
Since 2001, the threat of Qassam rockets fired from the Palestinian Territories into Israel is also of great concern for Israeli defense officials.[90] In 2006—the year following Israel's disengagement from the Gaza Strip—the Israeli government recorded 1,726 such launches, more than four times the total rockets fired in 2005.[82] As of January 2009, over 8,600 rockets had been launched,[91][92] causing widespread psychological trauma and disruption of daily life.[93] Over 500 rockets and mortars hit Israel between January–September 2010.
According to a study conducted by University of Haifa, one in five Israelis have lost a relative or friend in a Palestinian terrorist attack.[94]
There is significant debate within Israel about how to deal with the country's security concerns. Options have included military action (including targeted killings and house demolitions of terrorist operatives), diplomacy, unilateral gestures toward peace, and increased security measures such as checkpoints, roadblocks and security barriers. The legality and the wisdom of all of the above tactics have been called into question by various commentators.[6]
Since mid-June 2007, Israel's primary means of dealing with security concerns in the West Bank has been to cooperate with and permit United States-sponsored training, equipping, and funding of the Palestinian Authority's security forces, which with Israeli help have largely succeeded in quelling West Bank supporters of Hamas.[95]
Palestinian violence outside of Israel[link]
Some Palestinians have committed violent acts over the globe on the pretext of a struggle against Israel. Many foreigners, including Americans[96] and Europeans,[97] have been killed and injured by Palestinian militants. At least 53 Americans have been killed and 83 injured by Palestinian violence since the signing of the Oslo Accords.[98]
During the late 1960s, the PLO became increasingly infamous for its use of international terror. In 1969 alone, the PLO was responsible for hijacking 82 planes. El Al Airlines became a regular hijacking target.[99][100] The hijacking of Air France Flight 139 by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine culminated during a hostage-rescue mission, where Israeli special forces successfully rescued the majority of the hostages.
However, one of the most well-known and notorious terrorist acts was the capture and eventual murder of 11 Israeli athletes during the 1972 Olympic Games.[101]
Attacks on diplomatic missions and Israelis abroad[link]
Numerous embassies and Israeli travelers have been attacked by Palestinian militant groups during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
- 26 December 1968: Two Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine militants attacked an El Al plane about to depart, killing one Israeli and injuring two others.[102]
- 18 February 1969: Three Israeli El Al Boeing 707 crew members, including the pilot, were killed by three PFLP terrorists in Zurich.[103]
- 10 February 1970: 12 Israeli El Al passengers were killed and wounded by Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine terrorists at a Munich airport.[102]
- 4 May 1970: An employee at the Israeli consulate in Paraguay was killed by two armed Palestinians.[104]
- 8 May 1972: Four Black September terrorists hijacked a Belgian airliner at Lod Airport.[103] During the rescue operation, five Israeli soldiers and one passenger were killed.
- 17 May 1972: Three members of the Turkish Liberation Army, a militant organization linked to the PLO, kidnapped and executed Israeli consul-general Efraim Elrom in Istanbul.[103]
- 30 May 1972: The Japanese Red Army killed eight Israelis and 17 United States citizen and injured 80 others at Lod airport on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.[105]
- 10 September 1972: An Israeli official at the Israeli Embassy in Brussels was wounded by Fatah militants.[106]
- 19 September 1972: Ami Shachori, an agriculture counselor at the Israeli embassy in England, was assassinated by Black September militants.[107][108]
- 1 July 1973: Yosef Alon, air force attaché in the Israeli Embassy in Washington, was shot to death outside his home by Black September.[102][103]
- 17 December 1973: Five Palestinian terrorists shot at passengers waiting in an El Al Israel Airlines lounge at a Rome airport, killing two civilians. Then they hurled incendiary grenades at a Pan-Am Boeing 707 waiting to take off, killing 29 passengers.[109]
- 8 September 1974: TWA jet with 88 passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Athens crashed into the Ionian Sea after PFLP terrorists detonated a bomb hidden in the baggage compartment, killing all on board. The dead included 17 Americans and two Israelis.[110]
- 13 November 1979: Israeli Ambassador to Portugal Ephraim Eldar was wounded by Palestinian militants. A security guard was killed and an embassy chauffeur and local policeman were injured.[106]
- 10 August 1981: Palestinian terrorists threw two bombs at an Israeli embassy in Vienna, wounding a 75-year old woman.[106]
- 29 August 1981: Palestinian terrorists killed two people and wounded 30 attending a Bar Mitzvah in Vienna.[111]
- 4 June 1982: Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom Shlomo Argov was wounded in an assassination attempt by Palestinian militants, setting off the 1982 Lebanon War. Argov later died of his injuries in 2003.[106]
- 23 September 1982: Israeli Chargé d'Affaires in Malta Esther Milo was wounded in an attempted kidnapping by Palestinian militants.[106]
- 23 December 1982: Palestinian militants detonated a bomb at the Israeli Consulate in Sydney, wounding two Israelis officials.[106]
- 27 December 1985: Fatah militants attacked El Al counters at Rome and Vienna airports, killing 19 people.[103]
- 2 April 1986: Palestinian militants detonated a bomb on an Trans World Airlines 727, killing four Americans including a nine-month old infant.
- 6 September 1986: 22 Turkish Jews were killed by Palestinian terrorists belonging to the Abu Nidal Organization while attending service at the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Istanbul.[112]
- 26 July 1994: A vehicle packed with 30 pounds of explosives at the Israeli Embassy in London exploded, wounding 20.[106]
- 28 November 2002: Suicide bombers attacked the Israeli-owned Paradise Hotel in Kenya. 13 civilians, including 3 Israelis, were killed in the attack. At the same time, two surface-to-air missiles were fired at a civilian Boeing 757 airliner owned by Israel-based Arkia Airlines as it took off from Moi International Airport.[113]
Palestinian violence against Palestinians[link]
Fighting among rival Palestinian and Arab movements has played a crucial role in shaping Israel's security policy towards Palestinian militants, as well as in the Palestinian leadership's own policies.[citation needed] As early as the 1930s revolts in Palestine, Arab forces fought each other while also skirmishing with Zionist and British forces, and internal conflicts continue to the present day. During the Lebanese Civil War, Palestinian baathists broke from the Palestine Liberation Organization and allied with the Shia Amal Movement, fighting a bloody civil war that killed thousands of Palestinians.[114][115]
In the First Intifada, more than a thousand Palestinians were killed in a campaign initiated by the Palestine Liberation Organization to crack down on suspected Israeli security service informers and collaborators. The Palestinian Authority was strongly criticized for its treatment of alleged collaborators, rights groups complaining that those labeled collaborators were denied fair trials. According to a report released by the Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group, less than 45 percent of those killed were actually guilty of informing for Israel.[116]
The policies towards suspected collaborators contravene agreements signed by the Palestinian leadership. Article XVI(2) of the Oslo II Agreement states:[117]
"Palestinians who have maintained contact with the Israeli authorities will not be subjected to acts of harassment, violence, retribution, or prosecution."
The provision was designed to prevent Palestinian leaders from imposing retribution on fellow Palestinians who had worked on behalf of Israel during the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.[118]
In the Gaza Strip, Hamas officials have killed and tortured thousands of Fatah members and other Palestinians who oppose their rule. During the Battle of Gaza, more than 150 Palestinians died over a four day period. The violence among Palestinians was described as a civil war by some commentators.[119] By 2007, more than 600 Palestinian people had died during the struggle between Hamas and Fatah.[120]
International status[link]
In the past, Israel has demanded control over border crossings between the Palestinian territories and Jordan and Egypt, and the right to set the import and export controls, asserting that Israel and the Palestinian territories are a single economic space.
In the interim agreements reached as part of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority has received control over cities (Area A) while the surrounding countryside has been placed under Israeli security and Palestinian civil administration (Area B) or complete Israeli control (Area C). Israel has built additional highways to allow Israelis to traverse the area without entering Palestinian cities. The initial areas under Palestinian Authority control are diverse and non-contiguous. The areas have changed over time because of subsequent negotiations, including Oslo II, Wye River and Sharm el-Sheik. According to Palestinians, the separated areas make it impossible to create a viable nation and fails to address Palestinian security needs; Israel has expressed no agreement to withdrawal from some Areas B, resulting in no reduction in the division of the Palestinian areas, and the institution of a safe pass system, without Israeli checkpoints, between these parts. Because of increased Palestinian violence[citation needed] to occupation this plan is in abeyance.
Water resources[link]
Further information: Water politics in the Jordan River basin and Water politics in the Middle East
In the Middle East, water resources are of great political concern. Since Israel receives much of its water from two large underground aquifers which continue under the Green Line, the use of this water has been contentious in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Critics of this argument say that even though Israel withdraws most water from these areas, it also supplies the West Bank with approximately 40 million cubic metres annually, contributing to 77% of Palestinians' water supply in the West Bank, which is to be shared for a population of about 2.3 million.[121]
While Israel's consumption of this water has decreased since it began its occupation of the West Bank, it still consumes the majority of it: in the 1950s, Israel consumed 95% of the water output of the Western Aquifer, and 82% of that produced by the Northeastern Aquifer. Although this water was drawn entirely on Israel's own side of the pre-1967 border, the sources of the water are nevertheless from the shared groundwater basins located under both West Bank and Israel.[122]
In the Oslo II Accord treaty, both sides agreed to maintain "existing quantities of utilization from the resources." In so doing, the Palestinian Authority established the legality of Israeli water production in the West Bank. Moreover, Israel obligated itself in this agreement to provide water to supplement Palestinian production, and further agreed to allow additional Palestinian drilling in the Eastern Aquifer. Many Palestinians counter that the Oslo II agreement was intended to be a temporary resolution and that it was not intended to remain in effect more than a decade later. Indeed its name is "The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement."[123]
This agreement also established the right of the Palestinian Authority to explore and drill for natural gas, fuel and petroleum within its territory and territorial waters. It also delineated the major terms of conduct regarding regulations on the parties' facilities.[123]
In 1999, Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it continued to honor its obligations under the Interim Agreement.[124] The water that Israel receives comes mainly from the Jordan River system, the Sea of Galilee and two underground sources. According to a 2003 BBC article the Palestinians lack access to the Jordan River system.[125]
Future and financing[link]
Numerous foreign nations and international organizations have established bilateral agreements with the Palestinian and Israeli water authorities. It is estimated that a future investment of about US$1.1bn for the West Bank and $0.8bn[clarification needed] is needed for the planning period from 2003 to 2015.[126]
In order to support and improve the water sector in the Palestinian territories, a number of bilateral and multilateral agencies have been supporting many different water and sanitation programs.
There are three large seawater desalination plants in Israel and two more scheduled to open before 2014. When the fourth plant becomes operational, 65% of Israel's water will come from desalination plants, according to Minister of Finance Dr. Yuval Steinitz.[127]
Israeli military occupation of the West Bank[link]
See also: Israeli-occupied territories, West Bank#Status, Positions on Jerusalem, and Status of territories captured by Israel
Occupied Palestinian Territory is the term used by the United Nations to refer to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem,[128] and the Gaza Strip—territories which were captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War, having formerly been controlled by Egypt and Jordan.[129] The Israeli government uses the term Disputed Territories, to argue that some territories cannot be called occupied as no nation had clear rights to them and there was no operative diplomatic arrangement when Israel acquired them in June 1967.[130][131] The area is still referred to as Judea and Samaria by some Israeli groups, based on the historical regional names from ancient times.
In 1980, Israel annexed East Jerusalem.[132] Israel has never annexed the West Bank or Gaza Strip, and the United Nations has demanded the "[t]ermination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force" and that Israeli forces withdraw "from territories occupied in the recent conflict" – the meaning and intent of the latter phrase is disputed. See Interpretations.
It has been the position of Israel that the most Arab-populated parts of West Bank (without major Jewish settlements), and the entire Gaza Strip must eventually be part of an independent Palestinian State. However, the precise borders of this state are in question. At Camp David, for example, then-Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak offered Yasser Arafat an opportunity to establish an independent Palestinian State composed of 92% of the West Bank, Arab neighborhood of East Jerusalem, and the entire Gaza Strip and dismantling of most settlements. Yasser Arafat rejected the proposal without providing a counter-offer.[133]
Some Palestinians claim they are entitled to all of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Israel says it is justified in not ceding all this land, because of security concerns, and also because the lack of any valid diplomatic agreement at the time means that ownership and boundaries of this land is open for discussion.[67] Palestinians claim any reduction of this claim is a severe deprivation of their rights. In negotiations, they claim that any moves to reduce the boundaries of this land is a hostile move against their key interests. Israel considers this land to be in dispute, and feels the purpose of negotiations is to define what the final borders will be.
Other Palestinian groups, such as Hamas, have in the past insisted that Palestinians must control not only the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, but also all of Israel proper. For this reason, Hamas has viewed the peace process "as religiously forbidden and politically inconceivable".[85]
Israeli settlements in the West Bank[link]
Main article: Israeli settlement
According to DEMA, "In the years following the Six-Day War, and especially in the 1990s during the peace process, Israel re-established communities destroyed in 1929 and 1948 as well as established numerous new settlements in the West Bank."[134] These settlements are, as of 2009, home to about 301,000 people.[135] DEMA added, "Most of the settlements are in the western parts of the West Bank, while others are deep into Palestinian territory, overlooking Palestinian cities. These settlements have been the site of much inter-communal conflict."[134] The issue of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and, until 2005, the Gaza Strip, have been described by the UK[136] and the WEU[137] as an obstacle to the peace process. The United Nations and the European Union have also called the settlements "illegal under international law."[138][139]
However, Israel disputes this;[140] several scholars and commentators disagree with the assessment that settlements are illegal, citing in 2005 recent historical trends to back up their argument.[141][142][143] Those who justify the legality of the settlements use arguments based upon Articles 2 and 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, as well as UN Security Council Resolution 242.[144] On a practical level, some objections voiced by Palestinians are that settlements divert resources needed by Palestinian towns, such as arable land, water, and other resources; and, that settlements reduce Palestinians' ability to travel freely via local roads, owing to security considerations.
In 2005, Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, a proposal put forward by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, was enacted. All residents of Jewish settlements in the Gaza strip were evacuated, and all residential buildings were demolished.[145]
Various mediators and various proposed agreements have shown some degree of openness to Israel retaining some fraction of the settlements which currently exist in the West Bank; this openness is based on a variety of considerations, such as, the desire to find real compromise between Israeli and Palestinian territorial claims.[146][147]
Israel's position that it needs to retain some West Bank land and settlements as a buffer in case of future aggression,[148] and Israel's position that some settlements are legitimate, as they took shape when there was no operative diplomatic arrangement, and thus they did not violate any agreement.[130][131]
Former US President George W. Bush has stated that he does not expect Israel to return entirely to the 1949 armistice lines because of "new realities on the ground."[149] One of the main compromise plans put forth by the Clinton Administration would have allowed Israel to keep some settlements in the West Bank, especially those which were in large blocs near the pre-1967 borders of Israel. In return, Palestinians would have received some concessions of land in other parts of the country.[146] The current US administration views a complete freeze of construction in settlements on the West Bank as a critical step toward peace. In May and June 2009, President Barack Obama said, "The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements,"[150] and the Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, stated that the President "wants to see a stop to settlements — not some settlements, not outposts, not ‘natural growth’ exceptions.”[151] However, Obama has since declared that the United States will no longer press Israel to stop West Bank settlement construction as a precondition for continued peace-process negotiations with the Palestinian Authority.[152]
Actions toward stabilizing the conflict[link]
In response to a weakening trend in Palestinian violence and growing economic and security cooperation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, the Israeli military has removed over 120 check points in 2010 and plans on disengaging from major Palestinian population areas. According to the IDF, terrorist activity in the West Bank decreased by 97% compared to violence in 2002.[153]
PA-Israel efforts in the West Bank have "significantly increased investor confidence", and the Palestinian economy grew 6.8% in 2009.[154][155][156][157][158]
Since the Second Intifada, Jewish Israelis have been banned from entering Palestinian cities. However, Israeli Arabs are allowed to enter West Bank cities on weekends.
The Palestinian Authority has petitioned the Israeli military to allow Jewish tourists to visit West Bank cities as "part of an effort" to improve the Palestinian economy. Israeli general Avi Mizrahi spoke with Palestinian security officers while touring malls and soccer fields in the West Bank. Mizrahi gave permission to allow Israeli tour guides into Bethlehem, a move intended to "contribute to the Palestinian and Israeli economies."[159]
Mutual recognition[link]
The Oslo peace process was based upon Israel ceding authority to the Palestinians to run their own political and economic affairs. In return, it was agreed that Palestinians would promote peaceful co-existence, renounce violence and promote recognition of Israel among their own people. Despite Yasser Arafat's official renunciation of terrorism and recognition of Israel, some Palestinian groups continue to practice and advocate violence against civilians and do not recognize Israel as a legitimate political entity.[160] Palestinians state that their ability to spread acceptance of Israel was greatly hampered by Israeli restrictions on Palestinian political freedoms, economic freedoms, civil liberties, and quality of life.
It is widely felt among Israelis that Palestinians did not in fact promote acceptance of Israel's right to exist.[161][162] One of Israel's major reservations in regards to granting Palestinian sovereignty is its concern that there is not genuine public support by Palestinians for co-existence and elimination of terrorism and incitement.[161][162][163] Some Palestinian groups, notably Fatah, the political party founded by PLO leaders, initially claimed they were willing to foster co-existence depending on the Palestinians being steadily given more political rights and autonomy. However, in 2010, even Fatah leaders such as Mahmoud Abbas refused to recognize Israel as a Jewish state,[164] while the leader of al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, which is the official Fatah's military wing, publicly disclosed Fatah's "ultimate goal" to be the destruction of the Jewish state, and that Abbas would lie about recognition of Israel following "Zionist and American pressure" for "political calculations" as one of the means to achieve the aforementioned goal.[165] In 2006, Hamas won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council, where it remains the majority party. Hamas has openly stated in the past that it completely opposed Israel's right to exist, and its charter states this.[160][166] Following the release of Gilad Shalit in 2011, Abbas praised his capturing by Hamas and reassured the Arab public he would "never recognize a Jewish state".[167]
Israel cites past concessions—such as Israel’s disengagement from the Gaza Strip in August 2005, which did not lead to a reduction of attacks and rocket fire against Israel—as an example of the Palestinian people not accepting Israel as a state. Palestinian groups and Israeli Human Rights organizations (namely B'Tselem) have pointed out that while the military occupation in Gaza was ended, the Israeli government still retained control of Gaza's airspace, territorial water, and borders, legally making it still under Israeli control. They also say that mainly thanks to these restrictions, the Palestinian quality of life in the Gaza Strip has not improved since the Israeli withdrawal.
Government[link]
The Palestinian Authority is considered corrupt by a wide variety of sources, including some Palestinians.[168][169][170] Some Israelis argue that it provides tacit support for militants via its relationship with Hamas and other Islamic militant movements, and that therefore it is unsuitable for governing any putative Palestinian state or (especially according to the right wing of Israeli politics), even negotiating about the character of such a state.[67] Because of that, a number of organizations, including the previously ruling Likud party, declared they would not accept a Palestinian state based on the current PA.
Societal attitudes[link]
Societal attitudes in both Israel and Palestine are a source of concern to those promoting dispute resolution.
According to a May 2011 poll carried out by the Palestinian Center For Public Opinion that asked Palestinians from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank including East Jerusalem, "which of the following means is the best to end the occupation and lead to the establishing of an independent Palestinian state", 5.0% supported "military operations", 25.0% supported non-violent popular resistance, 32.1% favored negotiations until an agreement could be reached, 23.1% preferred holding an international conference that would impose a solution on all parties, 12.4% supported seeking a solution through the United Nations, and 2.4% otherwise. Approximately three quarters of Palestinians surveyed believed that a military escalation in the Gaza Strip would be in Israel’s interest and 18.9% said it would be in Hamas’s interest. Regarding the resumption of launching Al-Qassam missiles from Gaza into Israel, 42.5% said "strongly oppose", 27.1% "somewhat oppose", 16.0% "somewhat support", 13.8% "strongly support", and 0.2% expressed no opinion.[171]
The Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs has expressed concerns that Hamas promote incitement against and overall non-acceptance of Israel, including promotion of violence against Israel.[161][162]
Gaza blockade[link]
Main article: 2007–present blockade of the Gaza Strip
According to Oxfam, because of an import-export ban imposed on Gaza in 2007, 95% of Gaza’s industrial operations were suspended. Out of 35,000 people employed by 3,900 factories in June 2005, only 1,750 people remained employed by 195 factories in June 2007.[172] By 2010, Gaza's unemployment rate had risen to 40% with 80% of the population living on less than 2 dollars a day.[173] The Israeli Government's cut in the flow of fuel and electricity to the Gaza Strip has also been called collective punishment. Jeremy Hobbs, director of Oxfam International, called on Israel “immediately [to] lift its inhumane and illegal siege.”[174]
The Israeli governments argues it is justified under international law to impose a blockade on an enemy for security reasons. The power to impose a naval blockade is established under customary international law and Laws of armed conflict.[175] The Military Advocate General of Israel has provided numerous reasonings for the policy:
"The State of Israel has been engaged in an ongoing armed conflict with terrorist organizations operating in the Gaza strip. This armed conflict has intensified after Hamas violently took over Gaza, in June 2007, and turned the territory under its de-facto control into a launching pad of mortar and rocket attacks against Israeli towns and villages in southern Israel."[176]
Starting 7 February 2008, the Israeli Government reduced the electricity it sells directly to Gaza. This follows the ruling of Israel’s High Court of Justice’s decision, which held, with respect to the amount of industrial fuel supplied to Gaza, that, “The clarification that we made indicates that the supply of industrial diesel fuel to the Gaza Strip in the winter months of last year was comparable to the amount that the Respondents now undertake to allow into the Gaza Strip. This fact also indicates that the amount is reasonable and sufficient to meet the vital humanitarian needs in the Gaza Strip.” Palestinian militants killed two Israelis in the process of delivering fuel to the Nahal Oz fuel depot.[177]
With regard to Israel’s plan, the Court stated that, “calls for a reduction of five percent of the power supply in three of the ten power lines that supply electricity from Israel to the Gaza Strip, to a level of 13.5 megawatts in two of the lines and 12.5 megawatts in the third line, we [the Court] were convinced that this reduction does not breach the humanitarian obligations imposed on the State of Israel in the framework of the armed conflict being waged between it and the Hamas organization that controls the Gaza Strip. Our conclusion is based, in part, on the affidavit of the Respondents indicating that the relevant Palestinian officials stated that they can reduce the load in the event limitations are placed on the power lines, and that they had used this capability in the past."
On 20 June 2010, Israel's Security Cabinet approved a new system governing the blockade that would allow practically all non-military or dual-use items to enter the Gaza strip. According to a cabinet statement, Israel would "expand the transfer of construction materials designated for projects that have been approved by the Palestinian Authority, including schools, health institutions, water, sanitation and more – as well as (projects) that are under international supervision."[178] Despite the easing of the land blockade, Israel will continue to inspect all goods bound for Gaza by sea at the port of Ashdod.[179]
Palestinian army[link]
The Israeli Cabinet issued a statement[180] expressing that it does not wish the Palestinians to build up an army capable of offensive operations, considering that the only party against which such an army could be turned in the near future is Israel itself. However, Israel has already allowed for the creation of a Palestinian police that can conduct police operations and also carry out limited-scale warfare. Palestinians[vague] have argued that the Israel Defense Forces, a large and modern armed force, poses a direct and pressing threat to the sovereignty of any future Palestinian state, making a defensive force for a Palestinian state a matter of necessity. To this, Israelis claim that signing a treaty while building an army is a show of bad intentions.
Since 2006, the United States has been training, equipping, and funding the Palestinian Authority's security forces, which have been cooperating with Israel at unprecedented levels in the West Bank to quell supporters of Hamas, the main Palestinian Islamist group that opposes direct negotiations with Israel.[95] The United States government has spent over 500 million building and training the Palestinian National Security Forces and Presidential Guard.[95] The IDF believes the US-trained forces will soon be capable of "overrunning small IDF outposts and isolated Israeli communities" in the event of a conflict.[181]
Fatalities 1948–present[link]
See also: Israeli casualties of war and Palestinian casualties of war
A variety of studies provide differing casualty data for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 13,000 Israelis and Palestinians were killed in conflict with each other between 1948 and 1997.[182] Other estimations give 14,500 killed between 1948–2009.[182][183] Palestinian fatalities during the 1982 Lebanon War were 2,000 PLO combatants killed in armed conflict with Israel.[184]
| Year | Deaths | |
|---|---|---|
| Palestinians | Israelis | |
| 2011 | 118 (13) | 11 (5) |
| 2010 | 81 (9) | 8 (0) |
| 2009 | 1034 (314) | 9 (1) |
| 2008 | 887 (128) | 35 (4) |
| 2007 | 385 (52) | 13 (0) |
| 2006 | 665 (140) | 23 (1) |
| 2005 | 190 (49) | 51 (6) |
| 2004 | 832 (181) | 108 (8) |
| 2003 | 588 (119) | 185 (21) |
| 2002 | 1032 (160) | 419 (47) |
| 2001 | 469 (80) | 192 (36) |
| 2000 | 282 (86) | 41 (0) |
| 1999 | 9 (0) | 4 (0) |
| 1998 | 28 (3) | 12 (0) |
| 1997 | 21 (5) | 29 (3) |
| 1996 | 74 (11) | 75 (8) |
| 1995 | 45 (5) | 46 (0) |
| 1994 | 152 (24) | 74 (2) |
| 1993 | 180 (41) | 61 (0) |
| 1992 | 138 (23) | 34 (1) |
| 1991 | 104 (27) | 19 (0) |
| 1990 | 145 (25) | 22 (0) |
| 1989 | 305 (83) | 31 (1) |
| 1988 | 310 (50) | 12 (3) |
| 1987 | 22 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Total | 7978 (1620) | 1503 (142) |
Note: Figures includes 1,593 Palestinian fatalities attributed to intra-Palestinian violence. Figures do not include the 600 Palestinians killed by other Palestinians in the Gaza Strip since 2006.[120]
| Belligerent | Combatant | Civilian | Male | Female | Children | Children Male | Children Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palestinian | 41% | 59% | 94% | 6% | 20% | 87% | 13% |
| Israeli | 31% | 69% | 69% | 31% | 12% | Not available | Not available |
Note: It is considerably more difficult to distinguish precisely who amongst those Palestinians killed were civilians. Numerous pro-Israel organizations as well as the Israeli army claim the majority of Palestinians killed in armed conflict were combat-age males.[190]
The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs for the occupied Palestinian territory (OCHAoPt) "was established in late 2000" by the United Nations.[191] The office monitors the conflict and presents figures relating to both internal-violence and direct conflict clashes.
| Year | Deaths | Injuries | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palestinians | Israelis | Palestinians | Israelis | |
| 2008–26.12.08[193] | 464 (87) | 31 (4) | ||
| 2007 | 396 (43) | 13 (0) | 1843 (265) | 322 (3) |
| 2006 | 678 (127) | 25 (2) | 3194 (470) | 377 (7) |
| 2005 | 216 (52) | 48 (6) | 1260 (129) | 484 (4) |
| Total | 1754 (309) | 117 (12) | 6297 (864) | 1183 (14) |
All numbers refer to casualties of direct conflict between Israelis and Palestinians including in IDF military operations, artillery shelling, search and arrest campaigns, Barrier demonstrations, targeted killings, settler violence etc. The figures do not include events indirectly related to the conflict such as casualties from unexploded ordnance, etc., or events when the circumstances remain unclear or are in dispute. The figures include all reported casualties of all ages and both genders.[192]
Figures include both Israeli civilians and security forces casualties in West Bank, Gaza and Israel.
Criticism of casualty statistics in the Second Intifada[link]
As reported by the Israeli human rights group B’Tselem, since 29 September 2000 a total of 7,454 Palestinian and Israeli individuals were killed due to the conflict. According to the report, 1,317 of the 6,371 Palestinians were minors, and at least 2,996 did not participate in fighting at time of death. Palestinians killed 1,083 Israelis, including 741 civilians. 124 of those killed were minors.[194]
The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism criticized the methodology of Palestinian-based rights groups, including B'tselem, and questioned their accuracy in classifying civilian/combatant ratios.[195][196][197]
In a study published by Scholars for Peace in the Middle East, Elihu D. Richter and Dr. Yael Stein examined B'tselem methods in calculating casualties during Operation Cast Lead. They argue that B'tselem's report contains "errors of omission, commission and classification bias which result in overestimates of the ratio of non-combatants to combatants."[198]
Stein and Richter claim the high male/female ratios among Palestinians, including those in their mid- to late- teens, "suggests that the IDF classifications are combatant and non-combatant status are probably far more accurate than those of B’Tselem."[198]
| Source | Cited by | Deaths | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palestinian Arabs | Palestinian Jews | ||
| Arnon-Ohana, 1982, 140 | Morris, Righteous Victims p 159. | 4,500 | |
| Various | Morris, Righteous Victims p 159. | 3,000 to 6,000 | several hundred |
These figures represent deaths caused by the Palestinian uprising against the British mandatory government in Palestine, and include those killed by the British.
Land mine and explosive remnants of war casualties[link]
A comprehensive collection mechanism to gather land mine and explosive remnants of war (ERW) casualty data does not exist for the Palestinian territories.[199] In 2009, the United Nations Mine Action Centre reported that more than 2,500 mine and explosive remnants of war casualties occurred between 1967 and 1998, at least 794 casualties (127 killed, 654 injured and 13 unknown) occurred between 1999 to 2008 and that 12 people have been killed and 27 injured since the Gaza War.[199] The UN Mine Action Centre identified the main risks as coming from "ERW left behind by Israeli aerial and artillery weapon systems, or from militant caches targeted by the Israeli forces."[199] There are at least 15 confirmed minefields in the West Bank on the border with Jordan. The Palestinian National Security Forces do not have maps or records of the minefields.[199]
See also[link]
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References[link]
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- ^ "Movement and Access Restrictions in the West Bank: Uncertainty and Inefficiency in the Palestinian Economy,". World Bank. 2007-05-09. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/WestBankrestrictions9Mayfinal.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-29. "Currently, freedom of movement and access for Palestinians within the West Bank is the exception rather than the norm contrary to the commitments undertaken in a number of Agreements between GOI and the PA. In particular, both the Oslo Accords and the Road Map were based on the principle that normal Palestinian economic and social life would be unimpeded by restrictions"
- ^ Yaar, Ephraim and Tamar Hermann."Just another forgotten peace summit." Haaretz. 11 December 2007.
- ^ Kurtzer, Daniel and Scott Lasensky. "Negotiating Arab-Israeli Peace ..." Google Book Search. 30 January 2009.
- ^ a b Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Peace: How the Arab-Israeli Conflict Can Be Resolved. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
- ^ Yaar. "The source of the Jewish public's skepticism – and even pessimism – is apparently the widespread belief that a peace agreement based on the 'two states for two peoples' formula would not lead the Palestinians to end their conflict with Israel."
- ^ "New Mid-East peace drive launched." BBC News. 28 November 2007
- ^ Malley, Robert and Hussein Agha. "Camp David: The Tragedy of Errors." The New York Review of Books. 9 August 2001.
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"The proposals included the establishment of a demilitarized Palestinian state on some 92 percent of the West Bank and 100 percent of the Gaza Strip, with some territorial compensation for the Palestinians from pre-1967 Israeli territory; the dismantling of most of the settlements and the concentration of the bulk of the settlers inside the 8 percent of the West Bank to be annexed by Israel; the establishment of the Palestinian capital in East Jerusalem, in which some Arab neighborhoods would become sovereign Palestinian territory and others would enjoy 'functional autonomy'; Palestinian sovereignty over half the Old City of Jerusalem (the Muslim and Christian quarters) and 'custodianship,' though not sovereignty, over the Temple Mount; a return of refugees to the prospective Palestinian state though with no 'right of return' to Israel proper; and the organization by the international community of a massive aid program to facilitate the refugees’ rehabilitation."
- ^ "Online NewsHour: Peace Talks Continue." PBS. 20 July 2000. 21 September 2010.
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- ^ See the following:
- Keinon, Herb. "Critical EU paper draws fire from Israeli officials". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=253459. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
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- ^ "Security Council members line up to criticize Israel". Jerusalem Post. 12/20/2011. http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=250271. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ "Israel condemned at UN over settlements". Al jazeera. 22 Dec 2011. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/12/20111221222731546.html. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ "UN groupings criticise Israeli settlement activities". BBC. 12/20/2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16279947. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
- ^ Blomfield, Adrian. "Israeli architect of Oslo accords says Middle East peace process is over". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/9189227/Israeli-architect-of-Oslo-accords-says-Middle-East-peace-process-is-over.html. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ^ {{cite web | url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/palestinians-launch-international-campaign-against-israeli-incitement%7Ctitle=Palestinians launch campaign against Israeli ‘incitement'| |publisher=The Times of Israel |accessdate=01/06/2012}
- ^ Ravid, Barak (May.14, 2012). "EU: Israel's policies in the West Bank endanger two-state solution". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/eu-israel-s-policies-in-the-west-bank-endanger-two-state-solution-1.430421. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ^ Ravid, Barack (Apr.11, 2012). "Mideast Quartet criticizes Israeli settler violence, incitement in West Bank". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/mideast-quartet-criticizes-israeli-settler-violence-incitement-in-west-bank-1.423844. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
- ^ "PA welcomes South Africa settlements decision". Ma'an News Agency. 24/05/2012. http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=488287. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
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- ^ "Palestinian Authority Mufti Mohammed Hussein says Muslims will kill Jews in the name of Islam". 15/01/2012. Palestinian Media Watch. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDoV8ZL9Xkc.
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- ^ Keinon, Herb. "'PA incitement is confidence destroying measure'". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=255633. Retrieved 01/29/2012.
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- ^ "Obama says PA statehood bid is a 'distraction'". The Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=237747. Retrieved 09/13/2011.
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- ^ Lidman, Melanie (12/28/2011). "Support growing for two-state solution". Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=251311. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
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- ^ Jerusalem is the holiest site in the world for Judaism. The two Divine Temples were built on what is called the Temple Mount, the first over three thousand years ago. Archaeological evidence has proven that the Divine Temple of the Jews was built at that time, and the second built a few centuries after its destruction. Jerusalem was the capital city of the Israeli Empire, established right before the construction of the First Temple. For Muslims, Jerusalem is the third holiest (after Mecca and Medina), where Mohammed allegedly tied his horse, el'Baruck, meaning lightning in Arabic. The Al-Aqsa Mosque was built on the Temple Mount several centuries ago. Israel controls Jerusalem today. However, Muslims are almost exclusively allowed on the Temple Mount site. Jews are rarely allowed onto the Temple Mount. Symon, Fiona. "Jerusalem: Crucible of the conflict." BBC News. 4 December 2001.
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- ^ Khalidi, Rashid I.(1992): Observations on the Right of Return. Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2. (Winter, 1992), pp. 29–40.
- ^ Frantzman, Seth J. "Review of The Ethnic Cleasing of Palestine." Middle East Forum. Spring 2008. 6 October 2010.
- ^ See for example, Masalha, Nur-eldeen (1988). "On Recent Hebrew and Israeli Sources for the Palestinian Exodus, 1947–49". Journal of Palestine Studies 18 (1): 121–137. And Childers, Irskine (12 May 1961). "The Other Exodus". The Spectator (London).
- ^ Radley, K. René (1978). "The Palestinian Refugees: The Right to Return in International Law". American Journal of International Law 72 (3): 586–614.
- ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions About Israel;" "Who is Responsible for the Palestinian refugee problem?" Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 November 2001. 16 January 2008.
- ^ "Israel and the Palestine right of return." World Association of International Studies. 8 April 2008.
- ^ Alwaya, Semha. "The vanishing Jews of the Arab world / Baghdad native tells the story of being a Middle East refugee." SFGate. 6 March 2005. 19 January 2009.
- ^ Greenberg, Eric J. "The Case for Jewish Exiles." United Jewish Communities. 7 November 2003. 19 January 2009.
- ^ Do Palestinian Refugees Have a Right to Return to Israel? by Ruth Lapidoth, MFA website, 1/15/01. (See section labeled "Conclusions."
- ^ Erlanger, Steven. "Olmert Rejects Right of Return for Palestinians." The New York Times. 31 March 2007. 9 May 2008.
- ^ a b "Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000". Israeli Ministry of Internal Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- ^ "Palestinian Anti-Terrorism Act of 2006." Global Legal Information Network. 26 December 2006. 30 May 2009.
- ^ Sela. "Terrorism." Sela. The Continuum Political Encyclopedia. 822–36.
- ^ a b Sela. "Hamas." Sela. The Continuum Political Encyclopedia. 335–342.
"The PLO's agreement to support the participation of a Palestinian delegation from the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the Madrid Peace Conferences in late October 1991 further fueled the tension between Fatah and Hamas, which embarked on an intensive campaign against the very idea of territorial compromise and peacemaking with the Jews, as religiously forbidden and politically inconceivable" (339).
- ^ Asser, Martin (28 June 2002). "Palestinian support for suicide bombers". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2072851.stm. Retrieved 28 June 2002.
- ^ "Analysis: Palestinian suicide attacks." BBC News. 29 January 2007.
- ^ "Profile of Suicide Bombings." Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ Bard. "Israel’s Security Fence." Jewish Virtual Library. 8 July 2010.
- ^ Harel, Amos. "Defense officials concerned as Hamas upgrades Qassam arsenal." Haaretz. 7 December 2007. 30 March 2009.
- ^ "Q&A: Gaza conflict." BBC News. 18 January 2009.
- ^ "Gaza's rocket threat to Israel." BBC News. 21 January 2008.
- ^ Patience, Martin. "Playing cat and mouse with Gaza rockets." BBC News. 28 February 2008.
- ^ "One in Five Israelis Has Lost Someone To War or Terror." Jewish Virtual Library. 7 July 2005.
- ^ a b c Nathan Thrall (2010-10-14). "Our Man in Palestine". The New York Review of Books. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/oct/14/our-man-palestine/. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
- ^ "Terror Blast Kills 7, Including 5 Americans, at Jerusalem University." Fox News. 1 August 2002.
- ^ Reeves, Phil. "Mystery surrounds 'suicide' of Abu Nidal, once a ruthless killer and face of terror." The Independent. 20 August 2002.
- ^ Taillandier, Caroline, et al, eds. "American Victims of Mideast Terrorist Attacks." Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ "Attempt to carry explosives device on El Al flight foiled." Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2010.
- ^ Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 3 pg. 1228
- ^ Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 3. M. Leonard, Thomas
- ^ a b c Chronologies of modern terrorism. Barry Rubin, Barry M. Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin. pg 185
- ^ a b c d e "Major Terror Attacks (1952–2003)." Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ Lazaroff, Tovah. "Foreign Ministry honors staffers killed in terrorist attacks." Jerusalem Post. 19 April 2010.
- ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism. pg 188
- ^ a b c d e f g "Major Terror Attacks Against Israeli Embassies and Representatives Abroad." Jewish Virtual Library. February 1999.
- ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism. pg 185.
- ^ Assassination in Khartoum. David A. Korn. pg 49
- ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism. pg 189
- ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism pg 190
- ^ "Around the World – Palestinians Get Life In Austrian Slayings." New York Times. 22 January 1982.
- ^ Arsu, Sebnem; Filkins, Dexter (16 November 2003). "20 in Istanbul Die in Bombings At Synagogues". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/world/20-in-istanbul-die-in-bombings-at-synagogues.html. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^ The Lebanese-based Army of Palestine movement claimed responsibility for the attack.Kenyan hotel staff unpaid. BBC News. 5 December 2002.
- ^ Syria A Country Study, Federal Research Division
- ^ Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah, Mekhon. Middle East contemporary survey, Volume 11. Google Books.
- ^ Taylor, Catherine. "How Israel builds its fifth column." The Christian Science Monitor. 22 May 2002.
- ^ "THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN INTERIM AGREEMENT." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 28 September 1995.
- ^ "Palestinian Authority Defying the Rule of Law: Political Detainees." Jewish Virtual Library. April 1999.
- ^ "PCHR Publishes 'Black Days in the Absence of Justice: Report on Bloody Fighting in the Gaza Strip from 7 to 14 June 2007.'"[dead link] Palestinian Center for Human Rights. 9 October 2007
- ^ a b "Over 600 Palestinians killed in internal clashes since 2006." Ynetnews. 6 June 2007.
- ^ "Palestinians grow by a million in decade". The Jerusalem Post. 9 February 2008. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1202246355071. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
- ^ Messerschmid, Clemens (2002). "Till the Last Drop: The Palestinian Water Crisis in the West Bank, Hydrogeology and Hydropolitics of a Regional Conflict". http://www.juragentium.unifi.it/en/surveys/palestin/water.pdf. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
- ^ a b "The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement – Annex I." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5 September 1995.
- ^ "The Water Issue in the West Bank and Gaza." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. June 1999.
- ^ "Water war leaves Palestinians thirsty". BBC. 16 June 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2982730.stm.
- ^ Heinrich Böll Foundation (2004) (PDF). Water as a human right: The understanding of water in the Arab countries of the Middle East – A four country analysis. http://www.boell-meo.org/download_en/GIP_11_Water_Right.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-15. [dead link]
- ^ "One of the biggest desalination plants to be built in Sorek". http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraeliEconomy/Economic_News/Desalination_plant_Sorek_23-May-2011.htm.
- ^ "Israeli practices affecting the human rights of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem : report of the Secretary-General". United Nations. 5 November 2008. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,COUNTRYREP,PSE,4562d8cf2,4917ee8b2,0.html. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
- ^ "Disputed Territories—Forgotten Facts About the ..." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affiars. 1 February 2003. 11 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Israeli Settlements and International Law." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 20 May 2001. 18 December 2007. Scroll down to paragraph which begins "Politically, the West Bank and Gaza Strip is best regarded as...."
- ^ a b Gold, Dore. "From 'Occupied Territories' to 'Disputed Territories,' by Dore Gold." Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 16 January 2002. 29 September 2005.
- ^ "Israel & the Palestinians: Key Maps." BBC News. 10 April 2007.
- ^ Bard. "Myths & Facts – The Peace Process." Jewish Virtual Library. 12 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Palestinian-Israeli Conflict." PDF.
- ^ Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes. "Israeli Military Order Targets West Bank 'Infiltrators.'" NPR. 11 May 2010. 13 October 2010.
- ^ "House of Commons – International Development – Second Report." United Kingdom Parliament. 2004.
- ^ "The Middle East and security in Europe." Assembly of WEU. 15 May 2001.
- ^ "SC/6332 : ISRAEL SHOULD RESCIND DECISION TO BUILD SETTLEMENT IN EAST JERUSALEM, SAY SPEAKERS IN SECURITY COUNCIL." United Nations. 6 March 1997.
- ^ "EU-Settlements' Watch." 1 February – 31 July 2002. p. 1. PDF.
- ^ "Israel confirms settlement growth." BBC News. 21 March 2005.
- ^ Ettinger, Yoram. "Six reasons to settle." Ynetnews. 18 June 2005.
- ^ Bard. "Myths & Facts – Settlements." Jewish Virtual Library. 9 July 2007.
- ^ Dershowitz. The Case for Israel. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003. pp. 176–177
- ^ Jacob, Aaron. "Historical, Legal, and Political Aspects of Israeli Settlement Policy." American Jewish Committee. 18 June 2009. 13 October 2010.
- ^ "Disengagement – August 2005." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 August 2005.
- ^ a b
- Excerpt: Clinton, Bill. "The 'Clinton Parameters.'" Jewish Virtual Library. 7 January 2001.
- Full transcript: "Transcript of Clinton's remarks to the Israel Policy Forum gala." CNN.com International. Cable News Network. 8 January 2010. Web. 15 October 2010. Transcript.
- ^ "Prime Minister Affirms 'Total Resolve and Determination' to Supporting Iraq."[dead link] British Foreign & Commonwealth Office. 16 April 2004. Web. 7 December 2007.
- ^ Gold. "'What Happened to Secure Borders for Israel? The U.S., Israel, and the Strategic Jordan Valley' by Dore Gold." Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 23 June 2000.
- ^ "Israel 'to keep some settlements.'" BBC News. 12 April 2005.
- ^ Obama, Barack. "Remarks by the President at Cairo University, 6–04–09." The White House. 4 June 2009. Web. 15 October 2010.
- ^ Landler, Mark and Isabel Kershner. "Israeli Settlement Growth Must Stop, Clinton Says." The New York Times. 27 May 2009.
- ^ Delaney, Paul (2010-12-20). "President Obama, West Bank Settlement Expansion and the Peace Process". Theroot.com. http://www.theroot.com/views/president-obama-abandoning-palestinian-cause. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ "2009 W.Bank terror activity down by 97% compared to 2002." Jerusalem Post. 10 July 2010.
- ^ "PA security forces seize 17 bombs, transfer them to IDF." Jerusalem Post. 4 November 2010.
- ^ Lazaroff. "Route 443 opens to Palestinians." Jerusalem Post. 28 May 2010.
- ^ "UN: Israel has dismantled 20 percent of West Bank checkpoint." Jerusalem Post. 16 June 2010.
- ^ Katz, Yaakov. "Israel sets up trial program to expedite PA export process." Jerusalem Post. 10 March 2010.
- ^ "World Bank report: PA economy needs more private investment." Jerusalem Post. 13 April 2010.
- ^ Katz. "IDF mulls entry to West Bank cities by Jewish Israelis." Jerusalem Post. 14 July 2010.
- ^ a b Dershowitz. The Case for Israel. p. 3.
- ^ a b c "Hamas’ Mickey Mouse teaches children to hate and kill." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 10 May 2007. 12 February 2007
- ^ a b c "Palestinian Incitement of Suicide Bombings." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 18 May 2001.
- ^ Livni, Tzipi. "Address by FM Livni to the Paris Donors Conference." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 17 December 2007. Scroll down to paragraph beginning, "This is neither...."
- ^ Associated, The (1949-05-11). "Report: Abbas reiterates refusal to recognize Israel as 'Jewish state'". Haaretz.com. http://www.haaretz.com/news/report-abbas-reiterates-refusal-to-recognize-israel-as-jewish-state-1.234351. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ Klein, Aaron (4 October 2006). "Fatah member: Abbas recognition of Israel political". YNet. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3311034,00.html. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ "Hamas's charter uncompromisingly seeks Israel's destruction." "Palestinian Rivals: Fatah & Hamas." BBC News. 17 June 2007.
- ^ "PA Chairman Mahmoud Abbas: I Will Never Recognize a Jewish State; The Capturing of Israeli Soldier Gilad Shalit Was a Good Thing". Memri. 31 October 2011. http://www.thememriblog.org/blog_personal/en/41096.htm. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
- ^ Sela. "Palestinian Authority." Sela. The Continuum Political Encyclopedia. 673–679.
- ^ Bard. Will Israel Survive? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
- ^ Massad, Joseph. "The (Anti-) Palestinian Authority." Al Ahram Weekly. 15–21 June 2006. 8 May 2008.
- ^ "Poll No. 176". Palestinian Center For Public Opinion. 14 May 2011. http://www.pcpo.ps/polls/poll176.htm. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "The Gaza Strip: A Humanitarian Implosion". Oxfam. http://www.oxfam.org.uk/resources/downloads/oxfam_gaza_lowres.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Kenyon, Peter. "As World Focuses On Gaza, Grim Lives Go On." NPR. 4 June 2010.
- ^ "Israel’s blockade poses immediate threat to the lives of Gaza’s sick and elderly, says Oxfam." Oxfam International. 25 January 2008.
- ^ "Position paper on the naval blockade on Gaza." 8 September 2010.
- ^ "Interception of the Gaza flotilla-Legal aspects.". Mag.idf.il. http://www.mag.idf.il/592-4071-en/patzar.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ "Murder at the border." Jerusalem Post. 9 April 2008. 17 April 2008.
- ^ Benhorin, Yitzhak; Associated Press (20 June 2010). "Cabinet: All non-military items can enter Gaza freely". Ynet news. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3907978,00.html. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
- ^ Oster, Marcy (21 June 2010). "Reaction mixed to Israeli announcement on easing of Gaza blockade". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jta.org/news/article/2010/06/21/2739697/israel-announces-plan-to-ease-gaza-blockade. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
- ^ "Israeli Cabinet Statement on Road Map and 14 Reservations." Jewish Virtual Library. 8 April 2008.
- ^ Glick, Caroline B. "Column One: Israel’s American-made foes." Jerusalem Post. 8 June 2010.
- ^ a b Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls." RCN D.C. Metro. December 2005.
- ^ "All wars in the 20th century." The Polynational War Memorial.
- ^ White, Matthew. "WebCite query result." WebCite. 2005.
- ^ Data tabulated from "B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities in the first Intifada." B'Tselem.
- ^ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles." Jewish Virtual Library. 31 August 2010.
- ^ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the DOP (Sept 1993)." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 24 September 2000.
- ^ "The Intrafada: Palestinians Killed by Palestinians." Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ "Israeli-Palestinian Fatalities Since 2000 – Key Trends." United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. August 2007. PDF.
- ^ "Myths & Facts Online – The Palestinian War, 2000–2005". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths2/PalestinianWar.html. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
- ^ "OCHA oPt. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs." United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 18 October 2010.
- ^ a b "The Humanitarian Monitor." United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. December 2007. PDF. Tables on pages 5 and 7, all numbers refer to casualties of the direct conflict as defined therein (page 23).
- ^ Data tabulated from "B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities." B'Tselem. Note that the data may change due to ongoing research, which produces new information about the events.
- ^ "B'Tselem: Since 2000, 7,454 Israelis, Palestinians killed." Jerusalem Post. 27 September 2010.
- ^ Mor, Avi, et al. "Casualties in Operation Cast Lead: A closer look." Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. 2009. PDF.
- ^ "Targeted Killings: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Counterterrorism Poicy" (PDF). January 2005. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/Nixon/TargetedKillings.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
- ^ "B'Tselem: 773 of Palestinians killed in Cast Lead were civilians." Ynetnews. 9 September 2009.
- ^ a b Richter, Elihu D. and Yael Stein. [http://spme.net/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?ID=5980 "Comments on B'Tselem's Civilian Casualty Estimates in Operation Cast Lead." Scholars for Peace in the Middle East. 13 September 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Country Overviews – Occupied Palestinian Territory". United Nations Mine Action Service. 2009. http://www.mineaction.org/country.asp?c=138. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
Further reading[link]
Further information: Bibliography of the Arab–Israeli conflict
External links[link]
| Find more about Israeli–Palestinian conflict on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- United Nations
- Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – occupied Palestinian territory
- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
- Academic, news, and similar sites (excluding Israeli or Palestinian sources)
- U.S. Attempts at Peace between Israel and Palestine from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- Gaza\Sderot : Life in spite of everything – a webdocumentary produced by arte.tv, in which daily video-chronicles (2 min. each) show the life of 5 people (men, women, children) in Gaza and Sderot, on both sides of the border.
- Global Politician – Middle-East Section
- Middle East Policy Council
- The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Aix Group – Joint Palestinian-Israeli-international economic working group.
- The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict--An overview of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians from 1948 through the present day. From the History Guy Website.
- The Media Line – A non-profit news agency which provides credible, unbiased content, background and context from across the Middle East.
- Inter Press Service – Israel-Palestine: Holy Land, Unholy War Independent coverage of the Middle East conflicts
- Conflict resolution groups
- Human rights groups
- Human Rights Watch: Israel/Palestine
- B'Tselem – The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories
- Al-Haq: Palestinian Human Rights Group: West Bank affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists
- Palestinian Centre for Human Rights PCHR: Gaza affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists
- Gush-Shalom: Gush-Shalom Israeli Peace Movement
- Jewish and Israeli academic, news, and similar sites
- Resources >Modern Period>20th Cent.>History of Israel>State of Israel The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- MidEastWeb.org
- Current breakdown of fatalities in conflict[dead link] – Institute for Counter-Terrorism
- Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
- Pro-Israel advocacy and watchdog sites
- Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Palestinian Violence and Terrorism
- Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
- Palestine Facts
- Eretz Yisroel: A comprehensive collection of news, articles and book excerpts
- Jewish Virtual Library
- Honest Reporting monitoring mideast media
- True Peace – Chabad-Lubavitch site
- Pro-Palestinian advocacy and watchdog sites
- Palestine Solidarity Campaign UK
- Palestinian Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign
- Palestinian Campaign for the Cultural and Academic Boycott of Israel
- Palestine Media Watch
- Electronic Intifada
- Palestine Solidarity Project Palestinian grassroots organizing and reporting.
- Jewish and Israeli "peace movement" news and advocacy sites
- The Origin of the Palestine – Israel Conflict, Published by Jews for Justice in the Middle East
Other sites:
- Arabs and Israelis held hostage by a common enemy Salom Now! And METalks are two experimental initiatives which sought to rewrite the script of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. However, such popular, grassroots action is held hostage by some common enemies: despair, hatred, antipathy and distrust. (Jan, 2007)
- Exchange of friendly fire Anat el-Hashahar, an Israeli and founder of METalks, debates the Arab-Israeli conflict – from Oslo to Lebanon – with Khaled Diab, an Egyptian journalist and writer.
- Website with information (articles, reports, maps, books, links, etc.) on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- Map of Palestinian Refugee Camps 1993 (UNRWA/C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Map of Israel 2008 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Map of Israeli Settlements in the West Bank Dec. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Map of Israeli Settlements in the Gaza Strip Dec. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Map of Jerusalem Mar. 1993 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Map of Jericho and Vicinity Jan. 1994 (C.I.A./Univ. of Texas, Austin)
- Pew Global Research – worldwide public opinion
- Policy publications on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at the Berman Jewish Policy Archive
Peace proposals
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Wind And Rain - Bluestone
- Voleti - Blue Stone
- Labyrinth Of Dreams - Blue Stone
- Set Me In The Sun - Blue Stone
- Far Away - Blue Stone
- Envy - Blue Stone
- Open Your Eyes - Blue Stone
- Worlds Apart (searching For You) - Blue Stone
- Circles - Blue Stone
- Only One - Blue Stone
- Falling - Blue Stone
- I Am - Blue Stone
- Event Horizon - Blue Stone
- Blue Stone - Blue Stone
It was 2am when I hit town again
And I jumped off the big freight train
As quiet as a mouse
I went to Bony’s house
And I tapped on the window pane
She said come on in you look soaked through the skin
Get out of the wind and rain
She sat on her bed and she smiled and she said
It’s good to have you back again
Turn out the light make the most of the night
I’m only here til morning
Then I must go from the fire light glow
The wind and the rain are calling
Bony wept tears of joy for her long lost boy
Down on her bending knee
I was tempted to stay
But the very next day
I knew it could never be
So I got up slow said I really gotta go
Going back to the wind and rain
But Bony sleep light some cold rainy night
You know I’m coming back again
Turn out the light make the most of the night
I’m only here til morning
Then I must go from the fire light glow
The wind and the rain are calling
Turn out the light make the most of the night
I’m only here til morning
Then I must go from the fire light glow
The wind and the rain are calling
Turn out the light make the most of the night
I’m only here til morning
Then I must go from the fire light glow
The wind and the rain are calling
Turn out the light make the most of the night
I’m only here til morning
Then I must go from the fire light glow
Ja i ti smo robovi nase ljubavi
Volim te
Voli me i daj mi mir
Tako mi ne dostajes jako, jako
Volecu te do kraja zivota
Koliko zelim da te grlim do kraja sveta
Volim te
Volim te
Volim te
Volim te
Translation: Serbian » English
I and you we are slaves to our love
I love you
Love me and give me peace
So we do not dostajes(I miss you?) very, very [So I do not miss you so much?]
Volecu and by the end of life
How much I want to grlim to the end of the world
I love you
I love you
I love you
To Be aware of a passionate transition before warnings of the past intervene.
[Chorus]
[Chorus]
A labyrinth of dreams.
A visual release.
These moments unseen.
A labyrinth of dreams.
A visual release.
These moments unseen.
[Chorus]
A labyrinth of dreams.
A visual release.
Pull me from my chains
Help me walk this line
Hold my hand until tomorrow
Until we light the sky
Thoughts that change us
We have no control
The love that finds us
With eager eyes
We search the night
Erase the things I've said
Measure the things I've done
Pull me from the darkness
Setting me in the Sun
With eyes that see tomorrow
With hope that we will find
Forever will we see
With the eyes of your soul
(You listen as I speak)
How I long for the moment
(I will be... far away...)
[Chorus]
I can feel the fire
I can feel the light you burn for me
Yeah you take me higher
Far away...
Far away...
Forever I love you
(You listen as I speak)
Don't fall for me you know that
(I will be... far away...)
I'm drawn to you, I can feel your desire
Darkness falls, I can't turn back
Satisfy the hunger, satisfy the need
Two breaths, that's all I ask
Together, our love can breathe
Your lips, wet with longing
Your eyes, disbelieving
Your caress, a breath away
At this moment, the world is sleeping
One kiss, eternally
One kiss, nocturnally
One lie only lasts one night
Sleep, my love, now sleep
Contemporary fools with gold in their eyes
Asking too many questions
And telling too many lies
When the lights go out
I feel my soul come out
To play again
I've been scared of the dark
Just as scared of the light
Odd shapes make sense
Taste the bittersweet
Smell the sweet perfume
See the bluish hue
You'll find it if you want
You'll find it if you try
Close your eyes
When the lights go out
When the lights go out
I see the shadows cross
Along a moonlit room
Thought it was you
Who touched my face in the night
Made me feel it was right
To play along
You're too scared to arise
Afraid to open your eyes
With all you've seen
Won't you understand
Grab a hold of my hand
When the lights go out
When the lights go out
Open up your eyes
Might start to believe
The dark is not what it seems
Might start to believe
Ignite your home
You won't feel alone
Stand and make your presence known
Kiss now your fear
You're captured here
Hear the river behind me
Feel the memory storm
Feel your essence overflowing
A shift of air in the night that brings me peace
But will fate let me?
Tast a style of whim by letting all of you in
A bluer moon could never haunt me
As I extend my every need
Feel the mist of the moonlight
Watch the glow of the firelight
Burning in the moment
Burning in the light
Feel all that surrounds us
Casting off all the darkness
Walking through the river
Searching for you
Could this end up revealing
The story unfolds an incandescent mist that's slowly
Radiating a light that sets me free
Child I can endure the worst that may be in store
Stay aware of a false infraction
Falling through the air, I am reaching for the one
You circle around my head as there's circles around the sun
Set me free
Floating in my mind, are my senses going numb?
Today our heart are free: In this moment night is one
Please set me free
What is meant to be is exactly what it seems
You always speak to me but the silence sets me free
Set me free
[Chorus]
Round and round we go
Am I just a dream?
Around we go again
Water cleanses deep
Around, around we go
Silence sets me free
Around we go again
I am trapped inside a glass you are staring back at me
You know you've cut my heart but the water cleanses deep
Set me free
Loneliness is here, it's been waiting all the time
The fantasy is lost, waking to a different time
Please set me free
Slipping through my hands are my memories of you
Am I just a dream?
Tell me is it really true
Set me free
I'm not there for you
You won't be there for me
I reached out,
You walked away
And left me standing in the sun
Burning in the light of day
Everything I feel
Everything I am
Take me hand
Don't be afraid
Falling. Falling...
This life once more
This is how I feel
Bring this back once more
I am not afraid
Lift me higher and higher
Till my feet, leave the ground
Reach the sky, touch the stars
In this breath of silence
In these eyes so wide
In the emotions of living
Watching stars collide
I am...
In the touch of darkness
In their tired eyes
In the stillness of living
Watching years go by
To move through searing peace
Background- i found a way to put aside
The innocence I breathe
Background- to be in touch with your desire
Forsaking all you've seen
Background- with traces of an open mind
The eminence to feel
Background- Enter the event horizon
(Chorus)
In (loves grace?) I believe, I believe
In _____________ I believe, I believe
*Unknown*
Sensual humanity
Enchanting thoughts that bring
Background- A mystic sensuality
An open heart that beats
Background- A rhythm of reality
Adventures we can be
Background- A hunger one can never taste
Open and receive
Background- A facefull elaborate
(Chorus)
In (loves grace?) I believe, I believe
With the sleep in your eyes, day break is in sight slowly
With hope in your heart, step from the ledge slowly
Souls collected like dreams, silently scream slowly
Time, running like sand, right through your hand slowly
I've been to places never seen
But never crossed your mind until now
And I've seen the shadows on the ground
I catch your secrets lost but never found
You can always feel your way
Close your eyes and drift away
I will show you all through dreams
Grab your weary hearts and follow me
This could be the chance you walk right past slowly
Your fear, it lurks deep inside. Come find me slowly
This dream we will share. Drift off to sleep slowly
Take flight in your mind. Lifting you up slowly
I`ve been to places never seen, never seen
But never crossed your mind until now, shadows on the ground
And I`ve seen the shadows on the ground, the secrets lost not found
I catch your secrets lost but never found, show you my dreams
You Can always feel your way, close your eyes
close your eyes and drift away, drift away
I will show you all through dreams, secrets lost not found
Grab your weary hearts and follow me
I`ve been to places never seen, never seen
But never crossed your mind until now, shadows on the ground
And I`ve seen shadows on the ground, secrets lost not found
I catch your secrets lost but never found, show you my dreams
You can always feel your way, close your eyes
Close your eyes and drift away, drift away
I will show you all through dreams, secrets lost not found
Grab your weary hearts and follow me
Never seen
show you my dreams
You can always feel your way, close your eyes
Close your eyes and drift away, drift away
I will show you all through dreams, secrets lost not found
![[5]](http://web.archive.org./web/20131016142245/http://www.cbs.gov.il/archive/shnaton47/st02-07.gif){kind=link}
