A passphrase is a sequence of words or other text used to control access to a computer system, program or data. A passphrase is similar to a password in usage, but is generally longer for added security. Passphrases are often used to control both access to, and operation of, cryptographic programs and systems. Passphrases are particularly applicable to systems that use the passphrase as an encryption key. The origin of the term is by analogy with password. The modern concept of passphrases is believed to have been invented by Sigmund N. Porter in 1982.

Considering that the entropy of written English is less than 1.1 bits per character, passphrases can be relatively weak. NIST has estimated that the 23 character pass phrase "IamtheCapitanofthePina4" contains a 45 bit-strength. The equation employed here is:

Using this guideline, to achieve the 80-bit strength recommended for high security (non-military) by NIST, a passphrase would need to be 58 characters long, assuming a composition that includes uppercase and alphanumeric.

Steven Myers is the founder and former CEO of the large aerospace and defense management consulting firm, Steven Myers & Associates, (SM&A). He is also a four-time CEO, serial entrepreneur and keynote business speaker who is very active in public service efforts. Steven lectures frequently about being an entrepreneur at USC Marshall School of Business where he speaks about topics such as business competition.

Steven Myers currently serves in multiple board leadership roles and is on the U.S. Department of State Advisory Committee on International Economic policy, which advises Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Steve also serves as the Chairman of the National Security Membership Committee and is on the Board of Directors for the Pacific Council on International Policy. Steven is the former Chairman of the Orange County Homeland Security Advisory Council and currently serves on the board for public company Neostem.

As an Airline Transport Pilot, Steven has more than 5,600 hours of flight time and ten jet type ratings. Between 1994 and 2007, his jet management business operated charter flights worldwide. Steve's private equity investment company, Dolphin Capital Holdings, invests in companies with business strategies such as applied materials development, stem-cell therapeutics and distressed debt portfolio management. Steve's article on stem-cell research and the Catholic Church appeared in Forbes on January 23, 2012.

Joe Pass (born Joseph Anthony Jacobi Passalaqua, January 13, 1929 – May 23, 1994) was an Italian-American jazz guitarist of Sicilian descent. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest jazz guitarists of the 20th century. His extensive use of walking basslines, melodic counterpoint during improvisation, use of a chord-melody style of play and outstanding knowledge of chord inversions and progressions opened up new possibilities for jazz guitar and had a profound influence on future guitarists.

Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Joe Pass, the son of Mariano Passalaqua, a Sicilian-born steel mill worker, was raised in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Born into a non-musical family, Pass started to play the guitar after being inspired by actor Gene Autry's portrayal of a guitar-playing cowboy. He received his first guitar, a Harmony model bought for $17, on his 9th birthday. Pass' father recognized early that his son had "a little something happening" and pushed him constantly to pick up tunes by ear, play pieces not written specifically for the instrument, practice scales and not to "leave any spaces" - that is, to fill in the sonic space between the notes of the melody.