Harold B. Lee
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11th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
July 7, 1972 (1972-07-07) – December 26, 1973 (1973-12-26T1899)
Predecessor	Joseph Fielding Smith
Successor	Spencer W. Kimball
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
January 23, 1970 (1970-01-23) – July 7, 1972 (1972-07-07)
End reason	Became President of the Church
First Counselor in the First Presidency
January 23, 1970 (1970-01-23) – July 2, 1972 (1972-07-02)
Called by	Joseph Fielding Smith
End reason	Dissolution of First Presidency on the death of Joseph Fielding Smith
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
April 10, 1941 (1941-04-10) – January 23, 1970 (1970-01-23)
Called by	Heber J. Grant
End reason	Called as First Counselor in the First Presidency
LDS Church Apostle
April 10, 1941 (1941-04-10) – December 26, 1973 (1973-12-26T1899)
Called by	Heber J. Grant
Reason	Death of Reed Smoot
Reorganization at end of term	L. Tom Perry ordained
Personal details
Born	Harold Bingham Lee (1899-03-28)March 28, 1899 Clifton, Idaho, United States
Died	December 26, 1973(1973-12-26) (aged 74) Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Resting place	Salt Lake City Cemetery 40°46′37.92″N 111°51′28.8″W / 40.7772°N 111.858°W / 40.7772; -111.858
Spouse	Fern Lucind Tanner (1923–1962) (her death) Freda Joan Jensen (1963–1973) (his death)
Children	2
Signature

Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death.

Early life[link]

Lee was born in Clifton, Idaho to Samuel Lee and Louisa Emeline Bingham and was the second of six children. The Lee family lived the rural life and Harold and his siblings spent most of their youth doing farm chores. During his childhood, his mother saved him from several near-death experiences. When he was eight, he was sent to get a can of lye from the shelf and spilled the deadly product all over himself. His mother opened a vat of pickled beets and poured cup after cup of the red vinegar all over him, which neutralized the lye. When Harold was a teen, he punctured an artery on a broken bottle. His mother cleaned it, but it became badly infected. She burned a black stocking to ashes and rubbed it in the open wound and it soon healed.

Lee was fortunate to receive a good education. He finished eighth grade at a grammar school in Clifton and his parents allowed him to continue his education at Oneida Stake Academy in Preston, Idaho. Lee focused on music the first few years and played the alto, French, and baritone horns. Later, he played basketball and was a reporter for the school newspaper. He graduated in the spring of 1916.

The summer following his graduation Lee worked to receive his teaching certificate from Albion State Normal School at Albion, Idaho. After two summers of study in 1916 and 1917, Lee passed the state's fifteen-subject test to receive his second- and third-class certificates.

Lee held his first teaching position in the fall of 1916. He taught a class of 25 students, grades one to eight, in Weston, Idaho. His salary was $60 a month. When he was eighteen, he became principal of a school in Oxford, Idaho.

In September 1920, the President of the LDS Church, Heber J. Grant, called Lee on a mission to the western states, with headquarters in Denver, Colorado. He was twenty-one and served until December 1922.

Marriages[link]

While on his mission, Lee met a sister missionary from Utah, Fern Lucinda Tanner. They renewed their acquaintance when they returned from their missions and were married on November 14, 1923 in the Salt Lake Temple. Fern died in 1962 and on June 17, 1963 Lee married Freda Joan Jensen, a former mission companion's girlfriend who had never married. She died on July 1, 1981.

Service in the LDS Church[link]

Elder Harold B. Lee of the Council of the Twelve

In 1930 Lee was challenged by a calling as president of the LDS Church's Pioneer Stake in Salt Lake City, because the 1929 Great Depression in the United States left more than half of its members without jobs. He established a welfare program to aid members in distress that became a model emulated by the entire LDS Church. As part of the program, he helped organize the Pioneer Stake bishop's storehouse in 1932. The storehouse provided members with basic food necessities. Bishop's storehouses are still part of the Church Welfare Program today. In 1936 Lee became managing director of the Church Welfare Program. Although he also pursued a political career, he began full-time work for the church when he was called to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1941.

From the time he became an apostle, Lee's eventual succession to the church presidency was seen as largely inevitable, as he was almost twenty years younger than any other apostle and succession to the presidency traditionally relies on length of service among the Twelve. Spencer W. Kimball and Ezra Taft Benson soon became apostles as well, followed by Mark E. Petersen in 1944, but Lee was the senior member of the new generation.

Under church president David O. McKay, Lee became the intellectual leader of the church to some extent, as McKay was ailing and First Counselor Henry D. Moyle lacked the confidence of the apostles and died in 1963, effectively exiled to Florida.^{[citation needed]} In this time Lee headed the Priesthood Correlation Committee which pioneered the worldwide coordination of church activities and materials.

D. Michael Quinn speculates that it was Lee who blocked the LDS Church from rescinding the Negro doctrine in 1969, a move favored by Hugh B. Brown. In 1969, after McKay's health failed, and some others within the church leadership thought the doctrinal basis for the exclusion of people of African ancestry from the priesthood was shaky, the remaining First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (minus Harold B. Lee, who was traveling) voted to rescind the racial exclusion policy; however, that vote was reversed when Lee returned and called for a re-vote, arguing that the policy could not be changed without a revelation.^[1]

When McKay died in 1970 Joseph Fielding Smith became church president and Lee was called as First Counselor in the First Presidency. He continued to gain practical experience for what was expected to be a long presidency of his own, he being decades younger than Smith.

Death[link]

However, Lee's presidency proved one of the briefest in the history of the church, lasting from Smith's death in July 1972 to Lee's sudden fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in December 1973. Lee was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. It was Spencer W. Kimball, exactly four years Lee's senior and seen as being in worse health, who would lead the church for the next dozen years and oversee the church's admittance of blacks to the priesthood.

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Legacy[link]

The main library at Brigham Young University was named in Lee's honor after his death.

After his death, a statue of Lee was dedicated at his birthplace. Brigham Young University also honored the former church president by renaming its library after him. The 665,000-square-foot (61,800 m²) Harold B. Lee Library is one of the largest libraries in the western United States and contains 98 miles (158 km) of shelving.

Works[link]

• Lee, Harold B. (1945). Youth and the Church (retitled Decisions for Successful Living). Deseret News. 
• —— (1974). Stand Ye in Holy Places: Selected Sermons and Writings of President Harold B. Lee. Deseret Book. 
• —— (1974). Ye Are the Light of the World: Selected Sermons and Writings of President Harold B. Lee. Deseret Book. 
• —— (1996). Clyde J. Williams. ed. Teachings of Harold B. Lee, Eleventh President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bookcraft. 
• —— (2000). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Harold B. Lee. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  LDS Church publication number 35892.

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Church Educational System (2005). "Chapter 11: Harold B. Lee, Eleventh President of the Church". Presidents of the Church: Student Manual. LDS Church. http://www.ldsces.org/inst_manuals/pres-sm/pres-ch-10-12.htm#11. 

External links[link]

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Robert "Bob" Chilcott (born 9 April 1955) is a British choral composer, conductor, and singer, based in Oxford, England.

Born in Plymouth, Chilcott sang in the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, both as a boy and as a university student. He performed the Pie Jesu of Fauré's Requiem on the 1967 recording. In 1985 he joined the King's Singers, singing tenor for 12 years. He has been a composer since 1997.^[1]

Chilcott is well-known for his compositions for children’s choirs, including Can You Hear Me?, which he has conducted in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Estonia, Latvia, Germany, and the Czech Republic. He is associated with the New Orleans Children’s Chorus and the Crescent City Festival in New Orleans, for which he wrote Jazz Mass, Happy Land, This Day, Be Simple Little Children, and for the 2009 festival, I Lift My Eyes.^[1]

Chilcott originally wrote This Day, a setting of five poems, for a 2006 choral festival in New Orleans which was cancelled after Hurricane Katrina. The work was eventually premiered on 25 June 2007 at St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans, by 210 singers from around the United States.

His cantata for choir and percussion The Making of the Drum has been performed by the BBC Singers, the New Zealand Youth Choir, the Chamber Choir of Europe, and the Taipei Chamber Singers. Chilcott wrote two larger sacred works, Canticles of Light and Jubilate. The Addison singers performed Canticles of Light in London in 2004 and Jubilate in 2005, both in London and in Carnegie Hall.^[2] In 2008, Oxford University Press published his Aesop's Fables for SATB and piano ("The Hare and the Tortoise"; "The Mountain in Labour"; "The Fox and the Grapes"; "North Wind and the Sun"; "The Goose and the Swan").

Chilcott was the conductor of the chorus at the Royal College of Music in London for seven years, and is Principal Guest Conductor of the BBC Singers. Chilcott’s Requiem was premiered on 13 March 2010 at the Sheldonian in Oxford by the Oxford Bach Choir and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Nicholas Cleobury.^[3][4] Chilcott conducted the premiere of his On Christmas Night on 12 December 2010 at the University Christian Church of Austin, Texas.^[5][6]. The UK premiere of On Christmas Night was given on 28th November 2011 in Rugby School by the Arnold Singers conducted by Richard Dunster-Sigtermans. On Christmas Night received its Scottish Premiere on 14th December 2011 at the Usher Hall in Edinburgh when performed by the Dollar Academy Combined School Choirs. ^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Bob Chilcott website
• Bob Chilcott Allmusic
• Bob Chilcott RIAS Kammerchor
• Bob Chilcott singers.com