Torpex is a secondary explosive 50% more powerful than TNT by mass.^[1] Torpex is composed of 42% RDX, 40% TNT and 18% powdered aluminium. It was used in the Second World War from late 1942. The name is short for 'Torpedo Explosive', having been originally developed for use in torpedoes. Torpex proved to be particularly useful in underwater munitions because the aluminium component had the effect of making the explosive pulse last longer, which enhanced the destructive power. Torpex was used only in critical applications, e.g. torpedoes and the Upkeep, Tallboy and Grand Slam bombs. It was also used in the Operation Aphrodite drones. Torpex has long been superseded by H6 and PBX compositions. It is therefore regarded as obsolete, so Torpex is unlikely to be encountered except in the form of legacy munitions or unexploded ordnance.

Development[link]

Torpex was developed at the Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey, in the United Kingdom as a more powerful military alternative to TNT. RDX was developed in 1899. Though very stable and serving as the reference point by which the sensitivity of other explosives are judged, it was too expensive for most military applications and reserved for use in the most important products, such as torpedoes. Aluminium powder was also added to the mix to further enhance the effect. Although both RDX and TNT have a negative oxygen balance, the superheated aluminium component tends to contribute primarily by extending the expansion time of the explosive product gasses. Beeswax was also added to reduce sensitivity to shock and impact. Later, beeswax was replaced with a petroleum-based product, and calcium carbonate was added as a moisture absorber to reduce the production of hydrogen gas under high humidity.

See also[link]

• Minol
• Composition H6
• Tritonal
• Hexanite
• Explosives used during WW II

References[link]

• Gannon, Robert. Hellions of the Deep: The Development of American Torpedoes in World War II. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-271-01508-X.

• Rowland, Buford and William B. Boyd. U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947.

Notes[link]

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Christopher Warren (born May 16, 1968 on Long Island, New York) is an American musician who has performed in numerous bands. He is currently the singer in Bro-Kin. He is best known for being the lead singer in The DX Band (sometimes referred to as The Chris Warren Band), a group who performed the entrance theme of professional wrestling stable D-Generation X called "Break It Down".

Career[link]

World Wrestling Federation (Entertainment)[link]

Warren is known to many as the voice behind the DX entrance music, and after this Jim Johnston (head of WWE music) became so impressed with Warren, that he offered him further vocal work. Over the course of the next four years, Warren recorded several songs for the WWF(E). In 1998, Warren made his television debut at WrestleMania XIV, performing a screeching version of "America The Beautiful" and the National Anthem, for which he was booed heavily, as the fans and national media in attendance considered disrespectful. However, it was revealed in 2002 that this disrespect was a WWE-instructed work meant to generate further heat on the DX stable.^{[citation needed]}. Warren and the band also performed the DX ring entrance music later the same night as DX came to the ring, and again five months later at the 1998 SummerSlam. In 1999, Warren may have recorded parts of the music but not the vocals for "No Chance in Hell," which was used for the Royal Rumble pay-per-view (and would later become Mr. McMahon's theme song in various versions). The "No Chance In Hell" vocal track was done by Peter Bursuker at the studio of Jim Johnston in Stamford, CT WWE HQ. However, Warren does sing in the background of "No Chance In Hell"'s chorus. Later that year Warren recorded the vocals for Triple H's theme "My Time". This song was featured on the platinum album WWF The Music, Vol. 4. He also recorded the Superstars theme from 1997. His last appearance was a cameo on the Run-D.M.C. "The Kings" music video, directed by David Sahadi. Warren, along with Bro-Kin, recorded an unreleased song for WWE's Tough Enough II which never made it onto the show.

Total Nonstop Action wrestling[link]

In July 2007, Warren and Bro-Kin signed an agreement with Total Nonstop Action wrestling (TNA), which involved use of the band's music on TNA's TV shows (such as iMPACT!), PPVs and DVDs worldwide. Their song "Low" was used as the theme for No Surrender 2007, "Separate" for Genesis 2007 and "For The Vein" for Final Resolution 2008. Further cuts of other songs appeared (and continue to do so) on various TNA video packages.

Bro-Kin[link]

On March 5, 2009, Warren announced via Bro-Kin's website that the band had released their album "La Violencia" on iTunes, Amazon and Napster which is now available to purchase.

Return to World Wrestling Entertainment[link]

Warren returned to WWE headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut in August 2009 to record vocals to a new DX theme, coinciding with the return of the D-Generation X stable consisting of Triple H and Shawn Michaels, to active WWE competition. The recording session saw Warren re-united in the studio with WWE music composer Jim Johnston for the first time in over 7 years.

Personal life[link]

Chris is now living in Rockland County, New York.^{[citation needed]}

Discography[link]

• WWF The Music, Vol. 3 (December 29, 1998)
• WWF The Music, Vol. 4 (November 2, 1999)
• WWF Aggression (March 21, 2000)
• WWE Anthology (November 12, 2002)
• RAW Greatest Hits: The Music (December 18, 2007)
• La Violencia - Bro-Kin (March 6, 2009)

Interviews[link]

• Chris Warren Radio Interview (Part 1 of 4) courtesy of The Squared Circle radio show
• Chris Warren Radio Interview (Part 2 of 4) courtesy of The Squared Circle radio show
• Chris Warren Radio Interview (Part 3 of 4) courtesy of The Squared Circle radio show
• Chris Warren Radio Interview (Part 4 of 4) courtesy of The Squared Circle radio show

External links[link]

• Bro-Kin at MySpace
• TNA Genesis 07 Highlights Package Feat. Bro-Kin
• TNA No Surrender 07 Highlights Package Feat. Bro-Kin

This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (November 2010)

David Augustine Jr., better known by his stage name Dee-1, is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana.

Early career[link]

Augustine began rapping while attending LSU. After graduating from LSU in 2007, he started teaching in Baton Rouge. By the end of 2008, he had released three mixtapes: "It's Only Tha Beginning," "Still We Rise," and "I Am Who I Am." One of his main projects was a collaboration with Dr. Rani G. Whitfield M.D., a.k.a. “Tha Hip-Hop Doc,” with whom he toured schools on the lecture circuit. Dee-1 has been featured in national media outlets such as CNN^[1] and Billboard Magazine.^[2] He has also received attention from Louisiana newspapers and music magazines.^[3] After two years of teaching, he resigned before the 2009-2010 school year to focus on his music.

Music career[link]

2009-present: David & Goliath[link]

His first studio album, "David & Goliath," was released April 13, 2009. In August 2009, Dee-1 released a Saints-themed song with trumpet player and rapper, Shamarr Allen, titled "Bring Em To The Dome". The song was noted in an article by ESPN columnist Wright Thompson.^[4] Additionally, Dee-1 has performed alongside nationally touring acts such as Lil Wayne, Lupe Fiasco, Drake, Trey Songz, Akon, The Roots, Mýa, The Clipse, Musiq Soulchild, Fat Joe, Lil Boosie, Juvenile, and Big Boi. In October 2010, he was named Artist of The Year at the NOLA Underground Hip Hop Awards.^[5] The video for his song "Jay, 50, & Weezy" was released October 11, 2010. It has received attention for its content and mention of Lil Wayne, 50 Cent, and Jay-Z. The video has also aired on MTV Jams and according to program director Tuma Basa has received a lot of positive feedback.^[6]

His fourth mixtape, "I Hope They Hear Me," was released on April 20, 2010. It has received positive reviews.^[7]

He released a follow-up entitled "I Hope They Hear Me Vol. 1.5" in December 2010. It combined several new songs with a collection of tracks from the original mixtape. Vol. 1.5 served as a prequel to his next mixtape, "I Hope They Hear Me Vol. 2," which was released on March 1, 2011. Prior to its release, Dee-1 leaked a track online, available for free download, in early February titled "It's My Turn". The track has received positive criticism from various notable hip-hop websites, including XXL and 2dopeboyz.

In April 2011, Dee-1 will be touring with Atlanta rappers Killer Mike and Young Dro, as well as the southern California-based rap group Pac Div.^[8]

Discography[link]

Independent albums[link]

• David & Goliath (2009)

Mixtapes[link]

• It's Only Tha Beginning (2004)
• Still We Rise (2006)
• I Am Who I Am (2008)
• I Hope They Hear Me (2010)
• I Hope They Hear Me Vol. 1.5 (2010)
• I Hope They Hear Me Vol. 2 (2011)

Singles[link]

• 2010: "Jay, 50 & Weezy"
• 2010: "One Man Army"
• 2011: "It's My Turn"
• 2011: "Blue"
• 2011: "The One That Got Away" ft. Mannie Fresh
• 2011: "I'm On It" ft. Shamarr Allen
• 2011: "Uncle Tom"
• 2011: "Floop Flop"

References[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Dee-1 Official Website
• Dee-1 on Myspace
• Dee 1 at Twitter
• Dee-1 at Facebook
• Dee-1 in Gambit