Palme d'Or awarded to Apocalypse Now at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival

The Palme d'Or (English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival and is presented to the director of the best feature film of the official competition.^[1] It was introduced in 1955 by the organising committee. From 1939 to 1954, the highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.^[2] From 1964 to 1974, it was replaced once again, by the Grand Prix du Festival.^[3]

History[link]

The Commune of Cannes coat of arms

Through 1954, the Jury of the Festival de Cannes awarded a "Grand Prix of the International Film Festival", with a new design each year from a contemporary artist. At the end of 1954, the Festival's Board of Directors invited several jewellers to submit designs for a palm, in tribute to the coat of arms of the City of Cannes.^[4] The original design by the jeweller Lucienne Lazon had the bevelled lower extremity of the stalk forming a heart, and the pedestal a sculpture in terracotta by the artist Sébastien.

In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to Delbert Mann for Marty, and it remained the highest award until 1964, when copyright issues with the Palme led the Festival to return to the Grand Prix. In 1975 the Palme d'Or was reintroduced and has since remained the symbol of the Cannes Film Festival, awarded every year to the director of the Best Feature Film of the Official Competition, and presented in a case of pure red Morocco leather lined with white suede.

Since its reintroduction, the prize has been redesigned several times. At the beginning of the 1980s, the rounded shape of the pedestal, bearing the palm, gradually transformed to become pyramidal in 1984. In 1992, Thierry de Bourqueney redesigned the Palme and its pedestal in hand-cut crystal. The current design from 1997 is by Caroline Scheufele at Chopard. A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the 24-carat gold palm, which is hand cast into a wax mould and presented in a case of blue Morocco leather.^[5]

Award winners[link]

Year	Film	Director	Nationality of Director (at time of film's release)
1939	Union Pacific[6]	Cecil B. DeMille	United States*
1946	The Turning Point (Великий перелом / Velikij perelom)	Fridrikh Ermler	Soviet Union*
	Men Without Wings (Muži bez křídel)	František Čáp	Czechoslovakia*
	The Last Chance (Die Letzte Chance)	Leopold Lindtberg	Austria*
	Iris and the Lieutenant (Iris och löjtnantshjärta)	Alf Sjöberg	Sweden*
	Portrait of Maria (María Candelaria (Xochimilco))	Emilio Fernández	Mexico*
	Rome, Open City (Roma, città aperta)	Roberto Rossellini	Italy*
	Neecha Nagar (नीचा नगर)	Chetan Anand	India*
	Brief Encounter	David Lean	United Kingdom*
	La symphonie pastorale	Jean Delannoy	France*
	The Lost Weekend	Billy Wilder	United States
	The Red Meadows (De røde enge)	Bodil Ipsen and Lau Lauritzen Jr.	Denmark*
	Girl No. 217 (Человек № 217 / Čelovek № 217)	Mikhail Romm	Soviet Union*
1949	The Third Man	Carol Reed	United Kingdom
1951	Miss Julie (Fröken Julie)	Alf Sjöberg	Sweden
	Miracle in Milan (Miracolo a Milano)	Vittorio De Sica	Italy
1952	The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice	Orson Welles	United States
	Two Cents Worth of Hope (Due soldi di speranza)	Renato Castellani	Italy
1953	The Wages of Fear (Le salaire de la peur)	Henri-Georges Clouzot	France
1954	Gate of Hell (地獄門 / Jigokumon)	Teinosuke Kinugasa	Japan*
1955	Marty	Delbert Mann	United States
1956	The Silent World (Le monde du silence)	Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle	France
1957	Friendly Persuasion	William Wyler	United States
1958	The Cranes Are Flying (Летят журавли / Letât žuravli)	Mikhail Kalatozov	Soviet Union
1959	Black Orpheus (Orfeu Negro)	Marcel Camus	France
1960	La Dolce Vita	Federico Fellini	Italy
1961	The Long Absence (Une aussi longue absence)	Henri Colpi	France
	Viridiana	Luis Buñuel	Mexico
1962	O Pagador de Promessas	Anselmo Duarte	Brazil*
1963	The Leopard (Il gattopardo)	Luchino Visconti	Italy
1964	The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (Les parapluies de Cherbourg)	Jacques Demy	France
1965	The Knack …and How to Get It	Richard Lester	United Kingdom
1966	A Man and a Woman (Un homme et une femme)	Claude Lelouch	France
	The Birds, the Bees and the Italians (Signore e signori)	Pietro Germi	Italy
1967	Blow-Up	Michelangelo Antonioni	Italy
1969	if....	Lindsay Anderson	United Kingdom
1970	MASH	Robert Altman	United States
1971	The Go-Between	Joseph Losey	United Kingdom
1972	The Working Class Goes to Heaven (La classe operaia va in paradiso)	Elio Petri	Italy
	The Mattei Affair (Il caso Mattei)	Francesco Rosi	Italy
1973	The Hireling	Alan Bridges	United Kingdom
	Scarecrow	Jerry Schatzberg	United States
1974	The Conversation	Francis Ford Coppola	United States
1975	Chronicle of the Years of Fire (Chronique des années de braise)	Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina	Algeria*
1976	Taxi Driver	Martin Scorsese	United States
1977	Padre Padrone	Paolo and Vittorio Taviani	Italy
1978	The Tree of Wooden Clogs (L'albero degli zoccoli)	Ermanno Olmi	Italy
1979	Apocalypse Now	Francis Ford Coppola	United States
	The Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel)	Volker Schlöndorff	West Germany*
1980	All That Jazz	Bob Fosse	United States
	Kagemusha (影武者)	Akira Kurosawa	Japan
1981	Man of Iron (Człowiek z żelaza)	Andrzej Wajda	Poland*
1982	Missing	Costa-Gavras	United States
	The Way (Yol)	Yılmaz Güney and Şerif Gören	Turkey*
1983	The Ballad of Narayama (楢山節考 / Narayama bushikō)	Shohei Imamura	Japan
1984	Paris, Texas §	Wim Wenders	West Germany
1985	When Father Was Away on Business (Otac na službenom putu) §	Emir Kusturica	Yugoslavia*
1986	The Mission	Roland Joffé	United Kingdom
1987	Under the Sun of Satan (Sous le soleil de Satan) §	Maurice Pialat	France
1988	Pelle the Conqueror (Pelle erobreren)	Bille August	Denmark /  Sweden
1989	Sex, Lies, and Videotape	Steven Soderbergh	United States
1990	Wild at Heart	David Lynch	United States
1991	Barton Fink §	Coen brothers	United States
1992	The Best Intentions (Den goda viljan)	Bille August	Denmark /  Sweden
1993	Farewell My Concubine (霸王別姬 / Bàwáng bié jī)	Chen Kaige	China*
	The Piano	Jane Campion	Australia* /  New Zealand*
1994	Pulp Fiction	Quentin Tarantino	United States
1995	Underground (Подземље / Podzemlje)	Emir Kusturica	Yugoslavia*
1996	Secrets & Lies	Mike Leigh	United Kingdom
1997	Taste of Cherry (طعم گيلاس / Ta'm-e gīlās)	Abbas Kiarostami	Iran*
	The Eel (うなぎ / Unagi)	Shohei Imamura	Japan
1998	Eternity and a Day (Μια αιωνιότητα και μια μέρα / Mia aio̱nióti̱ta kai mia méra) §	Theo Angelopoulos	Greece*
1999	Rosetta §	Dardenne brothers	Belgium*
2000	Dancer in the Dark	Lars von Trier	Denmark
2001	The Son's Room (La stanza del figlio)	Nanni Moretti	Italy
2002	The Pianist (Pianista)	Roman Polanski	France /  Poland
2003	Elephant	Gus Van Sant	United States
2004	Fahrenheit 9/11	Michael Moore	United States
2005	L'enfant (The Child)	Dardenne brothers	Belgium
2006	The Wind That Shakes the Barley §	Ken Loach	United Kingdom /  Ireland*
2007	4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (4 luni, 3 săptămâni şi 2 zile)	Cristian Mungiu	Romania*
2008	The Class (Entre les murs) §	Laurent Cantet	France
2009	The White Ribbon (Das weiße Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte)	Michael Haneke	Austria /  Germany
2010	Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (ลุงบุญมีระลึกชาติ / Lung Bunmi Raluek Chat)	Apichatpong Weerasethakul	Thailand*
2011	The Tree of Life	Terrence Malick	United States
2012	Love (Amour)	Michael Haneke	Austria /  France

* _{denotes first win}
§ _{denotes unanimous win}

Multiple award winners[link]

• Alf Sjöberg (1946, 1951)
• Francis Ford Coppola (1974, 1979)
• Bille August (1988, 1992)
• Emir Kusturica (1985, 1995)
• Shohei Imamura (1983, 1997)
• Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne (1999, 2005)
• Michael Haneke (2009, 2012)

See also[link]

Film portal

• Golden Bear, the highest prize awarded at the Berlin Film Festival
• Golden Lion, the highest prize awarded at the Venice Film Festival

References[link]

External links[link]

• Palme d'Or Winners, 1976 to present, by gross box-office.
• All the Palmes d'Or. Festival-cannes.com.
• Cannes Film Festival. IMDB.

Charlotte Gainsbourg
Background information
Birth name	Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg
Born	(1971-07-21) 21 July 1971 (age 40) London, England, United Kingdom
Origin	Paris, France
Genres	French pop, folk rock, electro
Occupations	actress, singer
Years active	1986–present
Labels	Phonogram Records, Atlantic Records, Because Music, Vice Recordings

Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is an Anglo-French actress and singer. After releasing an album with her father at the age of fifteen, more than twenty years passed before she released three albums as an adult (5:55, IRM and Stage Whisper) to commercial and critical success. Gainsbourg has also appeared in many films, including several directed by Lars von Trier, and has received both a César Award and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Award. She is the daughter of British actress Jane Birkin and French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg.

Personal life[link]

Gainsbourg with her mother Jane Birkin in 2010

Gainsbourg was born in London to Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg^[1] and was raised in Paris. Her maternal grandmother was actress Judy Campbell and her uncle is the screenwriter Andrew Birkin, who directed her in The Cement Garden. She attended École Active Bilingue Jeannine Manuel in Paris and Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil in Switzerland.

Gainsbourg's longtime partner is French-Israeli actor/director Yvan Attal,^[2] with whom she has three children: a son, Ben (born on 12 June 1997) and daughters Alice (born on 8 November 2002) and Joe (born on 16 July 2011).^[3][4]

On 5 September 2007, Gainsbourg was rushed to a Paris hospital where she underwent surgery for a cerebral hemorrhage. She had been experiencing headaches since a minor waterskiing accident in the United States several weeks prior.^[5]

Career[link]

Acting[link]

Gainsbourg at the Venice Film Festival in 2007

Gainsbourg made her motion picture debut playing Catherine Deneuve's daughter in the film Paroles et musique (1984). In 1986, Gainsbourg won a César Award for "Most Promising Actress" for L'effrontée, and, in 2000, she won "Best Supporting Actress" for the film La Bûche. In 1993, Gainsbourg made her English speaking debut in The Cement Garden, written and directed by her uncle, Andrew Birkin. She made her stage debut in 1994 in David Mamet's Oleanna at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse. In 1996, Gainsbourg starred as the title character in Jane Eyre, a film adaption of Charlotte Brontë's 1847 novel.

In 2006, Gainsbourg appeared alongside Gael García Bernal in Michel Gondry's The Science of Sleep. In 2007, she appeared as Claire in the Todd Haynes-directed Bob Dylan biopic I'm Not There, also contributing a cover of the Dylan song "Just Like a Woman" to the film soundtrack. In 2009, she won the award for Best Actress at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival for the film Antichrist.^[6] Gainsbourg starred in the French/Australian production, The Tree, released in 2010, and in Lars von Trier's science fiction disaster film, Melancholia.^[7] She was on the jury for the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2012.^[8] May 2012 will see the premiere of Confession of a Child of the Century, where she will star alongside the British musician Pete Doherty.^[9]

Music[link]

Gainsbourg during the Air concert in Melkweg, Amsterdam on 27 March 2007.

Gainsbourg at Webster Hall, NYC, 25 April 2010

Gainsbourg made her musical debut with her father on the song "Lemon Incest" in 1984.^[10] Two years later, she released her debut album Charlotte for Ever, which was produced by her father.

In 2000, Gainsbourg was featured on the Madonna album Music on the track "What It Feels Like For A Girl". There is a lengthy spoken intro by Gainsbourg, taken from the film The Cement Garden, which inspired the title of the song. The track was further remixed for the single version of this song in 2001, with Gainsbourg's The Cement Garden speech repeated during the song.

In 2004, she sang a duet with French pop star Étienne Daho on his single "If".

In 2006, Gainsbourg released her second album 5:55 to critical acclaim and commercial success, reaching the top spot on the French charts and achieving platinum status in the country. In the UK, the album was moderately successful, reaching #78 (The single "The Songs That We Sing" only made #129).

In late 2009, Gainsbourg released her third studio album, IRM,^[11] which was produced by Beck.^[12][13] One of the influential factors in the album's creative process was her time spent filming Antichrist.^[14] Gainsbourg's head injury in 2007 influenced the title of the album "IRM", an abbreviation for the French translation of "magnetic resonance imaging". While receiving a brain scan, she began to think about music. "When I was inside that machine," she said, "it was an escape to think about music. It's rhythm. It was very chaotic."^[15]

Her song "Heaven Can Wait" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week on 2 March 2010.^[16]

Her song "Trick Pony" appeared at the beginning of the Grey's Anatomy episode "Perfect Little Accident" (Season 6, Episode 16 / airdate: 25 February 2010). "Trick Pony" is also featured in the FIFA 11 soundtrack.^[17] and was used in the 2012 Teleflora Super Bowl advertisement featuring supermodel Adriana Lima.

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

Television[link]

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Charlotte Gainsbourg

• Official website
• Charlotte Gainsbourg at the Internet Movie Database
• Charlotte Gainsbourg Stage Whisper Album Track Lyrics
• Review of 5:55 on Subculture Magazine
• Interview with Jean-Paul Enthoven, L'Officiel, September 2001

Apichatpong Weerasethakul
Apichatpong Weerasethakul, December 2010
Born	(1970-07-16) July 16, 1970 (age 41) Bangkok, Thailand
Other names	Joe, Jei
Occupation	Film director, producer & screenwriter
Years active	1993-present
Website
http://www.kickthemachine.com

This article or section contains only non-IPA pronunciation information for some words. It should be expanded with an International Phonetic Alphabet transcription. For assistance, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation.

Apichatpong "Joe" Weerasethakul (Thai: อภิชาติพงศ์ วีระเศรษฐกุล;^{[needs IPA]} born July 16, 1970)^[1] is a Thai independent film director, screenwriter, and film producer. His feature films include Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, winner of the prestigious 2010 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or prize; Tropical Malady, which won a jury prize at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival; Blissfully Yours, which won the top prize in the Un Certain Regard program at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival;^[2] and Syndromes and a Century, which premiered at the 63rd Venice Film Festival and was the first Thai film to be entered in competition there.

Working outside the strict confines of the Thai film studio system, Weerasethakul has directed several features and dozens of short films. Themes reflected in his films (frequently discussed in interviews) include dreams, nature, sexuality (including his own homosexuality),^[3] and Western perceptions of Thailand and Asia, and his films display a preference for unconventional narrative structures (like placing titles/credits at the middle of a film) and for working with non-actors. Cinephiles affectionately refer to him as "Joe" (a nickname that he, like many with similarly long Thai names, has adopted out of convenience).

Early life[link]

Apichatpong Weerasethakul was born in Bangkok, Thailand. His parents were both physicians, and worked in a hospital in Khon Kaen, Thailand.^[4] He attended Khon Kaen University and received a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1994. He made his first short film, Bullet, in 1993. He attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and received a master's degree in fine arts in filmmaking in 1997. He is of Chinese ethnic roots.^[5]

His feature-length debut, Dokfa nai meuman (Mysterious Object at Noon) blends documentary footage and improvised narrative, and was conceptually based upon the exquisite corpse game invented by surrealists.

He formed his own production company, Kick the Machine, in 1999, through which he produces and promotes his own works, and provides support to other independent filmmakers and experimental film works.

[edit] Blissfully Yours, Tropical Malady

Apichatpong's 2002 feature Sud Sanaeha (Blissfully Yours) won the Un Certain Regard prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.^[2] His 2004 Sud Pralad (Tropical Malady) won a Jury Prize from the same festival.

Between Blissfully Yours and Tropical Malady, Apichatpong co-directed The Adventure of Iron Pussy with artist Michael Shaowanasai, who starred as the main character, a transvestite secret agent. The low-budget, digital movie was a spoof of Thai films of the 1960s and '70s, particularly the musicals and action films of Mitr Chaibancha and Petchara Chaowarat. It was screened at the Berlin Film Festival. Pop singer Krissada Terrence, better known as Noi from Pru, portrayed the male lead.

Along with his features, Apichatpong is known for his short films, videoworks and installations. For the Jeonju International Film Festival he was commissioned in the Three Digital Short Films project, which he shared with two other Asian directors. His film was called Worldly Desires. Shinya Tsukamoto from Japan made Haze and Song Il-gon from South Korea created Magician(s).

In 2005, Apichatpong served as the consultant on the Tsunami Digital Short Films, 13 films commissioned by the Thailand Culture Ministry's Office of Contemporary Art and Culture as a memorial tribute to the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the resulting tsunami that struck Thailand. His film was called Ghost of Asia.

The Office of Contemporary Art and Culture also honoured Apichatpong with its 2005 Silpathorn Award for Filmmaking. The award, which goes each year to several artists in various disciplines, is given to living contemporary artists.

[edit] Syndromes and censorship

In 2006, Apichatpong released a feature film, Syndromes and a Century, which was commissioned by Peter Sellars for the New Crowned Hope Festival in Vienna to celebrate the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth. It premiered at the 63rd Venice Film Festival and screened at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival and many other festivals.

The film's Thai release, originally slated for April 19, 2007, was indefinitely delayed after Thai Censorship Board demanded the removal of four scenes. Apichatpong refused to recut the film and said he would withdraw it from domestic circulation.

He explained his reasons for doing so in an article in the Bangkok Post: