Joris Carolus (ca. 1566, Enkhuizen - ca. 1636, Amsterdam? ^[1]) was a Dutch cartographer and explorer. He served for both the Noordsche Compagnie and the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company).

Career[link]

Carolus apparently was a native of Enkhuizen. After he lost a leg at the Siege of Ostend (1601-04) he turned to the art of navigation and became a pilot (Stierman). In 1614 he was pilot of the Enkhuizen ship den Orangienboom (“Orange Tree”), under Jacob de Gouwenaer, one of the two ships sent by the whaling company Noordsche Compagnie on a voyage of discovery. Carolus claimed to have reached 83° N, but this would have been impossible given the ice conditions described by Robert Fotherby, who was also on a voyage of discovery in the ship Thomasine, sent by the rival Muscovy Company of England. According to Fotherby—who saw the Dutch ships riding off Amsterdam Island on July 6/16, "ready for the first opportunity to discover", and on August 9/19 "two ships of the Hollanders, that were appointed for northern discovery, were seene thwart of Faire Haven, sayling to the southwards"— the ice was packed along the northern coast of Spitsbergen. Even in shallops the English were only able to go as far north as Castlins Point (modern Gråhuken, at 79° 48’N).

On the same voyage Carolus came upon the island of Jan Mayen, which may have been discovered earlier the same year by the Dutchman Fopp Gerritsz., sailing in a whaleship sent by the Englishman John Clarke, of Dunkirk.^[2][3] Carolus named it after himself: Mr. Joris eylandt. He also named a bay Gowenaers bay (which name was moved to Gouwenaerbåen) after the master of his ship, and a cape Jan Meys hoeck. This latter name, in honor of Jan Jacobsz. May, master of the other ship sent on discovery, de goude Cath (“The Golden Cat”) of Amsterdam, was later (1620) applied to the island as a whole, giving it the name it retains to this day.

Following his 1614 expedition to Spitsbergen Carolus charted a map of the islands. The map labels various features, including Generaels hoeck (South Cape), Bell sound (Bellsund), Greene harbergh (Grønfjorden), Mari mag. bay (Magdalenefjorden), Hollandsche bay or Feer-haven (Fairhaven), and de Reus ("The Giant", Cloven Cliff), among other things.

The map also shows what may be Edge Island’s south coast. Carolus showed the coastline split into two parts: Onbekende Cust (“Unknown Coast”) in the west, and Morfyn (a corruption of Matsyn, part of Novaya Zemlya) in the east. Islands are shown offshore of Morfyn. Martin Conway argued in 1901 that Carolus’ chart indicated that he had discovered Edge Island; but, as Wielder points out, Conway was ignorant of a map (engraved in 1612) by the Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius, which illustrated a coastline to the east of Spitsbergen. The coastline, indented, with islands offshore, was labelled Gerrits Eylant. Wielder believed this to the first record of Edge Island’s south coast, when in fact this coastline as well was only copied from an earlier chart which merely showed a vague mass that was supposed to represent Spitsbergen.

Edward Heawood, writing in response to Conway’s claim of Carolus being the first discoverer of Edge Island, wrote a "Correspondence" refuting his claim. Carolus, who never made any claim of having discovered the said island (which is counter to his usual boastfull claims of discovery), shows Morfyn (or Marfyn, which Conway said represented Edge Island) some 18° too far east (relative to the mainland), while Onbekende Cust, which is supposed to represent Kvalpynten (which Heawood questioned as to why Carolus should refer to a land he allegedly discovered as “unknown”?), extends the longitude of the island to 30°, instead of its actual 4° of longitude. Heawood asserts that Carolus may have only copied both coastlines from earlier maps—in particular, Onbekende Cust may correspond to the land (without name) placed between Spitsbergen and Matsyn on a Dutch map of 1611.

The following year, 1615, Carolus was sent by the Noordsche Compagnie on a voyage to the Davis Strait region. Passing through the strait he allegedly reached the impossible latitude of 80° N. The results of this voyage were presented in a (now lost) chart to the States General, and mentioned in a resolution of November 26, 1615. Carolus later (see below) described Baffin Bay in a book he published, saying it extended to 79° N and was enclosed by land.

In 1617, Carolus was again sent on a voyage of discovery by the Delft, Hoorn, and Enkhuizen chambers of the Noordsche Compagnie. He claimed to have discovered two islands: New Holland, between 60° and 63° N, and Opdams island, at 66° N and twenty Dutch miles east of Iceland. Both islands were depicted on a map Carolus supplied to the Noordsche Compagnie, which applied to the States General for a monopoly on whaling rights at the islands (which was granted on October 28, 1617).

"When at length his years and growing feebleness prevented him from voyaging, he settled down at Amsterdam as teacher of navigation, and published a book of charts and sailing directions, now very rare, entitled Het nieuw vermeerde Licht, ghenaemt de Sleutel van’t Tresoor, Spiegel, Gesicht, ende vierighe Colon des Grooten Zeevaerts. Dat is claer ende seeckere beschrijcinghe van de Oost, West, Suydt ende Noordsche Navigatie, verciert met alle noodige perfecte ende duijdelycke Pas-kaarten, Opdoeninghen der Landen, Haven, Kapen ende Rivieren, aenwhsinghe der Drooghten, Landen, Clijpen ende Ondiepten; verscheijdentheijt der plaetsen, 800 deselve in mijlen, graden ende Compas-streecken van den omderen syn ghelegen. Alles van nieuws oversien, verbeetert ende vermeerdert, door Mr. Joris Carolus. Sierman. Leermeester ende Caert-schryver van de groote en cleyne Zeevaert binnen de vermaerde Coopstadt Amsteldam. Ghedruckt tot Amsteldam. By Jan Janssen Boeckvercooper op’t Water in de Paskaert. Anno 1634." This work was copied by many subsequent authors, many of whom claimed it as their own.

References[link]

• Günter Schilder (1984) Development and Achievements of Dutch Northern and Arctic Cartography in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, in Arctic Vol. 37, No. 4, December 1984.
• Conway, Martin (June 1901). "Joris Carolus, Discoverer of Edge Island". Geographical Journal 17 (6): 623–632. DOI:10.2307/1775214. JSTOR 1775214. 
• Conway, William Martin (1906). No Man's Land: A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. Cambridge, At the University Press. 
• Heawood, Edward (July 1906). "Correspondence—Joris Carolus and Edge Island". Geographical Journal 28: 189–190. http://books.google.com/books?id=FCIDAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved 2009-11-21. 

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Carl Cox
Carl Cox, 2005
Background information
Birth name	Carl Cox
Born	(1962-07-29) 29 July 1962 (age 49)
Origin	Barbados[1]
Genres	Techno, house
Occupations	Producer, DJ
Labels	Intec Digital
Associated acts	DJ Relentless
Website	http://www.carlcox.com/

Carl Cox (born 29 July 1962, Barbados)^[1] is a British techno and house music DJ and producer.

Biography[link]

This section requires expansion.

Cox grew up in Oldham, Lancashire, before attending Glastonbury High Boys secondary modern school on Glastonbury Road in Morden.^{[citation needed]} Cox began his career as a hardcore and rave DJ in the mid 1980s^[2]. One of the first gigs he played was in legendary promoters John Binton and Terry Onion's Squeeze my buttered Onions! club in Hackney, London^[3] Unconfirmed reports suggest he was coerced into swallowing an onion on stage, one of Terry's famous requests he gave to his acts^[4]. He was named the "Three Deck Wizard" after playing on three turntables simultaneously at the Second Summer of Love in 1988.^{[citation needed]} He has performed at clubs such as The Eclipse, Edge, Shelly's, Sterns Nightclub, Heaven, Sir Henry's in Cork, Ireland and Angels and The Haçienda, as well as raves for Fantazia, Dreamscape, and Amnesia House. He now spearheads two record labels, Intec Records and 23rd Century Records. He also has his own stage every year at Ultra Music Festival called Carl Cox and Friends.

He also ran Ultimate Base at the now defunct Velvet Underground on Charing Cross Road in the mid to late 1990s. Of his many DJ highlights, he also managed to cram in the Millennium (1999 to 2000) New Year's Eve twice by flying and cheating the timezones. He has had shows on Kiss FM and was a monthly live, global resident for BBC Radio One's Essential Mix in 1998–99, as well as over a decades worth of Ibiza live mixes broadcast from Club Space.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 1996: At The End Of The Cliche, Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1999: Phuture 2000, Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 2005: Second Sign, Play It Again Sam
• 2011: All Roads Lead To The Dancefloor, Intec Digital

Singles[link]

• 1991: "I Want You (Forever)", Perfecto Records – UK No.23
• 1992: "Does It Feel Good To You", Perfecto Records – UK No.35
• 1993: "The Planet of Love", Perfecto Records – UK No.44
• 1995: "Two Paintings And A Drum", Edel UK Records – UK No.24
• 1996: "Sensual Sophis-ti-cat" / The Player", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.25
• 1996: "Tribal Jedi", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1998: "The Latin Theme", Edel UK Records – UK No.52
• 1998: "Phuture 2000", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.40
• 1999: "Dr. Funk", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1999: "The Latin Theme", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 2002: "Club Traxx Vol.1", Trust the DJ
• 2003: "Club Traxx Vol.2", Trust the DJ
• 2003: "Dirty Bass", 23rd Century Records^[5]
• 2011: "Chemistry" ft. Shelley Segal, Intec Digital^[6]

Compilations[link]

• 1994: Nonstopmix 1994, Liquid Rec.
• 1994: Fantazia III – Made in Heaven Remix, Fantazia
• 1994: Fantazia The DJ Collection Carl Cox, Fantazia
• 1995: F.A.C.T., React
• 1997: F.A.C.T. 2, Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1998: DJF 250, Sony Music Entertainment
• 1998: Non Stop 98/01, FFRR Records
• 1998: The Sound Of Ultimate B.A.S.E., Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1999: Non Stop 2000, FFRR Records
• 1999: F.A.C.T. Australia, X-Over Recordings
• 2000: Mixed Live Crobar Nightclub, Chicago, Moonshine Music
• 2002: Global, Play It Again Sam
• 2002: Mixed Live 2nd Session Area 2, Detroit, Moonshine Music
• 2003: F.A.C.T. Australia II, Warner Music Group
• 2003: U60311 Compilation Techno Division Vol. 3, V2 Records
• 2004: Back To Mine, DMC Publishing
• 2004: Pure Intec, Intec Records
• 2005: Live at space, featuring Allan Banford
• 2005: The Latin Theme,^[7]
• 2006: Intec 50 EP, Intec Records
• 2007: Global, Play It Again Sam
• 2008: Ultimate Carl Cox, Ministry of Sound Australia
• 2010: Global Underground 38 – Black Rock Desert

Remixes[link]

• 1991: Supreme Love Gods – "Cherry White (Carl Cox Remix)", One Little Indian
• 1991: art of Noise – "Shades Of Paranoimia (Carl Cox Remix)", China Records
• 1992: Eternal – "Eternal (Carl Cox Remix)", Underground Level Recordings
• 1992: Robert Owens – "Gotta Work (Carl's Renaissance Remix)", Freetown Inc.
• 1992: Patti Day – "Hot Stuff (Carl Cox Remix)", Starway Records
• 1992: DJ Phantasy – "Jepron (Carl Cox Remix)", Liquid Wax Recordings
• 1992: Sunscreem – "Perfect Motion (Carl Cox's Rhythm's A Drug Remix)", Sony BMG Music Entertainment
• 1993: Visa – "Let Me See Ya Move (Carl Cox's Militant March Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1993: Smooth But Hazzardous – "Made You Dance (Carl Cox Remix)", Sound Entity Records
• 1994: Laurent Garnier – "Astral Dreams (Carl Cox's MMR Remix)", F-Communications
• 1994: Trevor Rockcliffe Presents Glow – "Break The Law (Carl's Reconstructed Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1994: Quench – "Hope (Carl Cox Remix)", Infectious Records
• 1994: FKW – "Jingo (Carl Cox Remix)", PWL
• 1994: O.T.T. – "Raw (Carl Cox Remix)", Industrial Strength Records
• 1994: Aurora Borealis – "Raz (Carl's MMR Remix)", F-Communications
• 1994: English Muffin – "The Blood Of An English Muffin (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1994: Lunatic Asylum – "The Meltdown (Carl Cox & John Selway's Circular Cycle Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1995: Jam & Spoon – "Angel (Ladadi O-Heyo) (Carl Cox Remix)", Epic Records
• 1995: The Stone Roses – "Begging You (Cox's Ultimatum Remix)", Geffen Records
• 1995: Yello – "L'Hotel (Carl Cox's Hands On Yello Remix)", Urban
• 1995: Dr. Fernando "Stomach Substance (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1995: Infrequent Oscillation – "Burning Phibes (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1995: Technohead – "Get Stoned (Carl Cox Remix)", Mokum Records
• 1995: AWeX – "It's Our Future (Carl Cox's Ultimate Remix)", Plastic City UK
• 1995: Slab – "Rampant Prankster (Carl Cox's Jumper Remix)", Hydrogen Dukebox
• 1995: Steve Mason & Tony Crooks – "Shallow Grave (Carl Cox's After Hours Remix)", Rain Forest Records
• 1995: Josh Abrahams – "March Time (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions
• 1996: System 7 – "Hangar 84 (Cox's W.W. Ultimatum Remix)", Butterfly Records
• 1996: Electroliners – "Loose Caboose (Carl Cox Remix)", XL Recordings
• 1996: Barefoot Boys – "Need No Man (Cox's Harder Remix), Stealth Records
• 1996: The Advent – "Mad Dog (Carl Cox Remix)", Internal
• 1996: JX – "There's Nothing I Won't Do (Carl Cox's Full House Remix)", FFRR Records
• 1996: Consolidated – "This Is Fascism (Carl Cox's Burning Gold Remix)", MC Projects
• 1996: Vernon – "Vernon's Wonderland (Carl Cox's Full Remix)", Eye Q
• 1996: Poltergeist – "Vicious Circles (Carl Cox's MMR Remix)", Manifesto
• 1997: DJ SS – "DJs Anthem (Carl Cox Remix)", Formation Records
• 1997: Tenth Chapter – "Prologue (Carl Cox & Paul van Dyk Remix)", Jackpot
• 1999: Needle Damage – "That Zipper Track (Carl Cox Remix)", Worldwide Ultimatum Records
• 1999: Grooverider – "Where's Jack The Ripper (Carl Cox's Techno Radio Edit)", Higher Ground Records
• 2000: Tony Moran Featuring Cindy Mizelle – "Shine On (Carl Cox's Sweat Dub)", Contagious Records
• 2001: Slam – "Positive Education (Carl Cox's Intec Remix)", VC Recordings
• 2001: Trevor Rockcliffe & Blake Baxter – "Visions Of You (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records
• 2001: Ramirez – "Volcan De Passion (Carl Cox Remix)", Terapia
• 2002: Cormano – "Mangamana vs. Revenge (Carl Cox's Turntable Remix)" 4 Play Records, Inc.
• 2003: Tomaz vs Filterheadz – "Sunshine (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records
• 2003: Bad Cabbage – "You're Rude (Get Fucked) (Carl Cox's Not So Rude Remix)", Mutant Disc
• 2004: Eric Powell^{[disambiguation needed ]} – "Don't Deny It (Carl Cox Remix)", 23rd Century Records
• 2004: Johan Cyber – "Natural Funk (Carl Cox Remix)", 23rd Century Records
• 2004: Cohen vs Deluxe – "Just Kick! (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records
• 2007: Sander Van Doorn – "Riff (Carl Cox's Global Remix)", Doorn Records
• 2010: Moby – "Walk With Me (Carl Cox Remix)", thelittleidiot

References[link]

External links[link]

• CarlCox.com – Official website
• Discogs.com – Discography
• Coxy's big break – the move to Frankston
• Carl Cox at Heaven
• Carl Cox live at Space Ibiza (video)
• Carl Cox talks about social media and how he uses technology (Video interview)
• Music with Carl Cox