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The Zamacueca is an ancient colonial dance that originated in the Viceroyalty of Peru, taking its roots from African, Spanish, and Andean rhythms. Although currently the dance is not widely popular, several dance institutions in places such as Peru still dedicate part of their time to teaching Zamacueca.

Evolution[link]

The popularity of the Zamacueca would eventually lead to it flowing out of its main region in modern-day Peru to other places in South America. The dance would slowly evolve as it took on new influences, but the basic steps and foundations of the dance remained almost the same.

Marinera[link]

In Peru, the dance would adjust itself to the post-revolutionary times and take a series of adaptations especially from the coast of the country. Early on, two new styles developed: The Marinera Norteña and the Marinera Limeña. Although the dance never so much as "left" Peru, due to cultural and political reasons this new version of the Zamacueca gained the nickname "la chilena" (in reference to the Chilean Cueca). During the War of the Pacific, the broken ties between these two countries forced this new Zamacueca to indefinitely change its name in honor of the Peruvian Navy to the name of "La Marinera."

Cueca[link]

The Cueca is the Chilean version of the Peruvian Zamacueca.

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Eva Ayllón
Eva Ayllón at The Sydney Opera House 25/09/2010
Background information
Birth name	María Angélica Ayllón Urbina
Born	(1956-02-06) February 6, 1956 (age 56)
Origin	Lima, Peru
Genres	Música criolla
Occupations	Singer
Years active	1970–present
Website	www.evaayllon.net

Eva Ayllón (born February 6, 1956 as María Angélica Ayllón Urbina), a composer and singer, is one of Peru's foremost Afro-Peruvian musicians, and one of the country's most enduring stars.

Biography[link]

Ayllón adopted the stage "Eva" from her maternal grandmother, Eva, who began teaching the young María music at an early age. As a child and teen, Eva Ayllón sang in school competitions and later on television and radio. Throughout the early 1970s, Eva appeared in many música criolla musical groups such as Rinconcito Monsefuano, La peña de los Ugarte, Los Mundialistas o Callejón and Los Kipus. By 1975, Eva began to pursue a solo singing career, touring internationally by 1979. In 1989, Eva formed Los Hijos del Sol (Children of the Sun), a supergroup made up of Peruvian musical stars in an effort to promote Peruvian music through performance and recording.

Eva Ayllón was born María Angélica Ayllón Urbina on February 7, 1956, adopting the name "Eva" after her maternal grandmother who initiated her in vocalization at the age of three. Within a few years, she was singing at school, youth competitions and later, on television and radio. In the early 70s she began to appear in many of the local “peñas criollas”, a gathering of musician friends, and began to define herself as one of the leading interpreters of Peru’s Música Criolla.

From 1973 through 1975, she sang as the lead voice in the popular trio "Los Kipus", eventually leaving the group to pursue a solo career. By 1979, she began touring internationally, with appearances in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan and since then her music and live performances are requested on a yearly basis at international music events. In addition to Música Criolla, Eva emerged as the leading exponent of Afro-Peruvian landós and festejos. The most important interpreter of Peruvian music, deservedly known as the Queen of Landó, is today at her musical peak. Eva’s recording career spans over 20 albums. In 2003, her album titled “Eva” was nominated for a Latin Grammy in the Best Folk Album category.

Eva released her first US album, “Eva! Leyenda Peruana”, on Times Square Records in 2004. Since then, Eva’s musical presence continues to expand boundaries. In her commitment to broaden the awareness of afro-Peruvian culture, Eva changed her residence from Lima, Peru to New Jersey that same year. And since then, Eva and her group have been touring across Europe, North America and Latin America extensively. "Leyenda Peruana" gained praise and recognition in different latitudes, and in Germany it received the Critic’s choice award for Best Traditional Recording. The group is about to embark on another US and European tour to introduce new cities and new countries to Eva Ayllon's music.

In January 2007, Eva was honored with a seat among the judges at Latin America’s largest music festival, Viña del Mar. In April, Eva released a live concert DVD recording titled “LIVE FROM HOLLYWOOD”. The DVD captures Eva’s impeccable performance before a sold-out audience at the Ford Amphitheatre in Hollywood, California. Among the highlights is the new arrangement for the Afro Peruvian all-time favorite Toro Mata that besides presenting an exhilarating vocal rendition also demonstrates Eva’s exuberant dance chops that led the LA Times to refer to her as the “Tina Turner from Peru.”

To date, Eva has produced over 20 records, and nominated 3 times to the Latin Grammy. Her latest release "Eva Ayllon Celebra 40 Años Cantandole Al Peru", is a compilation of her greatest hits, and revistis the musical styles that she has performed over the last four decades. In 2008 she performed at a sold out Carnegie Hall on November 8 in New York. In September 2010 Eva performed at the Sydney Opera House, Australia, setting a new career high of world famous venues where she's performed.

Today, Eva continues to tour and lives in New Jersey with her two children.

Discography[link]

• Kipus y Eva (Iempsa, 1977)
• Esta noche (Sonodisc 1979)
• Al ritmo de Eva Ayllón (Sono Radio, 1980)
• Señoras y señores (Sono Radio, 1981)
• Cuando hacemos el amor (Sono Radio, 1982)
• Eva Ayllón (CBS, 1983)
• Eva Ayllón en escena (CBS, 1984)
• Para mi gente (CBS, 1985)
• Para Todos (CBS, 1986)
• Huellas (CBS, 1987)
• Landó de la vida y yo (Sono Radio, 1989)
• Eva siempre Eva (Sono Sur, 1990)
• Concierto de gala en vivo (Discos Independientes, 1992)
• Gracias a la vida (Discos Independientes, 1993)
• Para tenerte (Discos Independientes, 1994)
• 25 años, 25 éxitos (Discos Independientes, 1995)
• Ritmo color y sabor (Discos Independientes, 1996)
• Amanecer en ti (Discos Independientes, 1998)
• Juntos llevamos la Paz (Pro Estudios, 1999)
• 30 años en Vivo (Iempsa, 2000)
• Eva (Sony 2002)
• Eva! Leyenda Peruana (Times Square Records, 2004)
• Live From Hollywood DVD (NIDO Entertainment, 2007)
• Kimba Fá (Times Square Records, 2008)
• Canta A Chabuca Granda (SURA MUSIC S.R.L, 2009)
• Celebra 40 Años Enamorada Del Perú (11 y 6 Discos, 2010)

Songs[link]

• Aplausos para el Perú (Applause for Peru)
• Enamorada De Mi Pais
• Callejón de un solo caño (Alley of an only pipe)
• Destino sin amor (Destination without love)
• El plebeyo (The Commoner)
• Engañada noche tras noche (Deceived night after night)
• Idolatría (Idolatry)
• La noche de tu ausencia (The night without you)
• Mal paso (Misstep)
• Negro tiene que ser (Black it must be)
• Qué de mí (What about me)
• Que viva el Perú señores (Long live Peru, gentlemen!)
• Remembranza (Remembrances)
• Ritmo, color y sabor (Rhythm, color and flavor)
• Ruperta
• Saca las manos (Take your hands off)
• Toromata
• Kimba Fa
• Muñeco De La Ciudad
• Hoy

External links[link]

• (Spanish) Official Page
• (English) SonicBids Page
• Eva Ayllon: Afro-Peruvian Queen (NPR Report)
• Eva Ayllón, ToroMata LIVE FROM HOLLYWOOD DVD
• Eva Ayllón, Selection of Valses

Arturo Cavero Velásquez
Background information
Birth name	Arturo Cavero
Also known as	Zambo
Born	29 November 1940
Origin	Lima - Perú
Died	October 9, 2009(2009-10-09) (aged 68) Lima - Perú
Genres	Peruvian Music
Occupations	interpreter
Instruments	Cajón Guitarra Criolla

Arturo Cavero Velásquez (Lima, Peru, 29 November 1940 - Lima, Peru, 9 October 2009), better known by the pseudonym "Zambo Cavero" ^[1] was a virtuoso Afro-Peruvian singer, representative of Afro-Peruvian identity.^[2] He was son of Juan Cavero, of Huaral, and Digna Velásquez, of Cañete. His particular singing style captivated listeners, as his intensity had the feel of Peruvian creole taste. ^[3] Zambo Cavero specialised in performing traditional Peruvian waltz.^[4] Some of his best performances are songs by Peruvian composer Augusto Polo Campos, other are renditions of traditional Peruvian creole music, which is Afro-Peruvian influenced. On June 3, 1987 Cavero, was honoured together with important Peruvian musicians like guitar player Óscar Avilés in Washington, D. C. by the Organization of American States.^[5]

Arturo Cavero died from complications of sepsis in Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati, Lima on 9 October 2009.^[6] Peruvian President Alan García declared one day of national mourning.^[7]

Discography[link]

El Comercio newspaper has published his discography ^[8]

• Arturo 'Zambo' Cavero
• Siempre juntos
• Siempre
• Son nuestros
• Contigo Perú
• Unicos
• Perú al Mundial
• Siguen festejando juntos
• Mueve tu cucú (EP)
• Seguimos valseando festejos
• Que tal trio

References[link]

• Arturo "Zambo" Cavero Greatest Hits
• Arturo "Zambo" Cavero A La Molina, Live in Lima, 1978