|
M4 motorway |
 |
| Route information |
Part of  E30 |
| Length: |
191.9 mi (308.8 km) |
| Existed: |
1961 – present |
| History: |
Constructed 1961–1996 |
| Major junctions |
| From: |
Chiswick
51°29′23″N 0°16′41″W / 51.4897°N 0.2781°W / 51.4897; -0.2781 (M4 motorway (eastern end)) |
| |
 
M25 motorway
 
A308(M) motorway
A404(M) motorway
 
A329(M) motorway
 
M32 motorway
 
M5 motorway
 
M48 motorway
 
M49 motorway
M48 motorway
 
A48(M) motorway |
| To: |
Pont Abraham services
51°44′42″N 4°03′54″W / 51.7451°N 4.0651°W / 51.7451; -4.0651 (M4 motorway (western end)) |
| Location |
Primary
destinations: |
Hounslow, Hammersmith, Heathrow Airport, Ealing, Richmond, Uxbridge, Wembley, Harrow, Slough, Maidenhead, Reading, Newbury, Swindon, Marlborough, Chippenham, Bristol, Newport, Cwmbran, Cardiff, Bridgend, Port Talbot, Swansea, Neath, Llanelli, (Bracknell), (Basingstoke), (Oxford), (Cirencester), (Bath), (Chepstow), (Merthyr Tydfil), (Carmarthen), (Abergavenny), (Llandeilo), (Trowbridge) |
| Road network |
|
Roads in the United Kingdom
Motorways • A and B road zones
|
The M4 motorway links London with South Wales. It is part of the unsigned European route E30. Other major places along the route include Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea. Originally referred to as the London-South Wales Motorway, the English section was constructed between 1965 and 1971, the Welsh section was completed in 1993 and the Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996.
The M4 runs close to the A4 from London to Bristol. After crossing the River Severn it follows the A48 through South Wales, using the Brynglas Tunnels at Junction 25a, Newport and terminates just north of Pontarddulais. The route of the M4 is known as the M4 corridor.
The original bridge over River Neath (the A48), is to the right, the new M4 bridge is to the left
A new road from London to South Wales was first proposed in the 1930s, and the Ministry of Transport announced plans for the M4 as one of the first major post-war trunk road improvement projects in 1956.[1]
The Chiswick Flyover opened in 1959.[2] However it was not originally classed as a motorway.[3] The Maidenhead bypass opened in 1961 whilst J1-J5 opened in 1965. From J18 to the west of Newport was opened in 1966 and included the Severn Bridge (now part of the M48). The Port Talbot by-pass, also built in the 1960s and now part of the M4, was originally the A48(M) motorway, a number now allocated to a short section of motorway near Cardiff. The Ministry of Transport originally intended that the M4 would terminate at Tredegar Park west of Newport, and it was only following the creation of the Welsh Office that the Government became committed to a high-standard dual carriageway to Pont Abraham in Carmarthenshire.[4]
The English section of the motorway was completed on 22 December 1971 when the 50-mile (80 km) stretch between junctions 9 and 15 (Maidenhead and Swindon) was opened to traffic.[5] The Welsh section was completed in 1993, when the Briton Ferry motorway bridge opened. The Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996, together with new link motorways on either side of the estuary to divert the M4 over the new crossing. The existing route over the Severn Bridge was redesignated the M48, and the new M49 was opened to connect the new crossing to the M5.[6]
In June 1999 the section of the third lane (the lane nearest the central reservation) between junctions 2 and 3 was converted to a bus lane and opened as a pilot scheme. The scheme was made permanent in 2001. A lower speed limit was introduced along the bus lane section at the same time.[7] The bus lane was scrapped at the end of 2010 and the third lane was returned to all-traffic use.[8]
In April 2005 speed checks carried out by police camera vans between junction 14 and junction 18 resulted in a public protest, involving a go-slow of several hundred vehicles along the affected sections of the motorway.[9]
Between 2007 and January 2010 the section from Castleton (Junction 29) to and Coryton (Junction 32) was widened to 6 lanes.[10] The scheme was officially opened in 25 January 2010 by the Deputy First Minister. Subsequent to opening there were occasional works with associated lane restrictions.[citation needed]
During 2009 the Newport section of the motorway between junctions 23a and 29 was upgraded with a new concrete central barrier. In February 2010 it was proposed that the M4 in South Wales would become the first hydrogen highway with hydrogen stations provided along the route with an aspiration for further stations to be provided along the M4 into South West England over time.[11] A similar claim was made for a 30-mile (48 km) section of road in Scotland close to Aberdeen in September 2009 with refueling points at Bridge of Don, Ellon and Peterhead.[12]
In October 2010 the new transport secretary, Philip Hammond announced that the bus lane would be suspended for 18 months from 24 December 2010 to be brought back for the 2012 Summer Olympics after which it was likely to be scrapped permanently.[13]
Between 2008 and 2010, Junction 11, near Reading, was extensively remodelled with a new four-lane motorway junction and the construction of two extra road bridges around the existing junction and other works.[14] The £65m scheme included work to the Mereoak roundabout and part of the A33 Swallowfield Bypass in Shinfield conversion, and also the conversion of the two existing bridges, one of which is available only for pedestrians and cyclists and the other for buses.[15] It also involved the movement of the local Highways Agency and Fire Service offices, a long footbridge network being constructed, a special bus-lane and a new gyratory. Sound barriers for nearby residential areas were also installed.[16] In April 2008, the decision to preserve a rare Vickers Machine-gun Pillbox and turn it into a bat roost was announced by the developers.[17]
Opening timeline
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id:M4 value:rgb(0,0.7,1)
id:background value:rgb(0.97265625,0.97265625,0.97265625)
BackgroundColors = canvas:background PlotArea = left:60 right:0 top:10 bottom:10 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical format:yyyy ScaleMajor = start:1 increment:1 PlotData =
mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S width:25 shift:(15,0)
from:1 till:5 text:1965 color:M4
from:5 till:7 text:1963 color:M4
from:7 till:9 text:1961 color:M4
from:9 till:18 text:1971 color:M4
from:18 till:21 text:1966 color:M4
from:21 till:23 text:1996 color:M4
from:23 till:28 text:1967 color:M4
from:28 till:29 text:1977 color:M4
from:29 till:32 text:1980 color:M4
from:32 till:35 text:1977 color:M4
from:35 till:37 text:1980 color:M4
from:37 till:39 text:1977 color:M4
from:39 till:41 text:1966 color:M4
from:41 till:44 text:1994 color:M4
from:44 till:46 text:1972 color:M4
from:46 till:49 text:1977 color:M4
</timeline>
The westbound carriageway tolls (left) and the 3-lane eastbound carriageway
The M4 crosses the River Severn via a toll bridge, the second of only two on the UK motorway network – the first was the original Severn Bridge, now part of the M48. Tolls in Wales are charged in one direction only - westbound. Drivers therefore have to pay to enter Wales, but not to enter England.
For the majority of its length, the speed limit is the national speed limit. Exceptions include the following:
- 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) on the elevated section within London in both directions.
- 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) between the Heathrow turnoff and the elevated section eastbound only
- 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) when approaching the toll plaza on the Severn Crossing to protect tolling staff moving between the tolling booths,[18]
- 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) on the Port Talbot elevated section between junction 40 and junction 41.
Main article:
M4 bus laneThere was a controversial 3.5-mile (5.6 km) bus lane on the eastbound (London-bound) carriageway from junction 3 (A312) to the start of the elevated 2-lane section near Brentford, covering part of the 15-mile (24 km) journey between Heathrow Airport and central London. The lane which had no intermediate exits was for use by buses, coaches, motorbikes, emergency vehicles and licensed taxis but not mini-cabs.[19] It was used by 7% of vehicles which carried 21% of the people.[7]
The lane was restored for normal motorway running at the end of 2010 for 18 months[8] using a Experimental Traffic Order[20] and will be re-established for the duration of the 2012 Summer Olympics with the intention that it will then be removed permanently.[8]
Near Junction 35, there is a stretch of the motorway that has a surfacing of porous asphalt that improves drainage and reduces noise. When driving in heavy rain drivers notice a reduction in road spray from other vehicles and improved visibility. This special surface was publicised in an episode of the BBC's Tomorrow's World programme. This was the site of the first trial of the new road surface when it was laid down in 1993.[21]
The elevated section in West London, built in the 1960s, is mostly directly above the A4 and extends over parts of Brentford's Golden Mile. This section was designed to have a heated road surface to reduce icing in winter, however, due to the high costs in preventing icing by this method the heating is no longer used.[citation needed]
It has two of only three four-level stack interchanges in the UK, including the first UK example at the junction with the M5 (J20/"Almondsbury Interchange") and the other at the junction with the M25 (J4B). Junction 4B also has to make provision for a railway line passing beneath the M4. Due to the nature of such junctions, it is impossible to make a U-turn at J20 or J4B.
The M4 passes through the Brynglas Tunnels at Junction 25a, Newport.
This is the only two–bored tunnel on the United Kingdom motorway network.
Junction '8/9' (the only one in the UK with dual-numbers) is the turn off for Maidenhead, Berkshire.
West of junction 13 on the eastbound carriageway there are a set of sliproads signposted "Works Unit Only". The signs have red borders, implying a military exit. It is a back entrance to RAF Welford, a Second World War airfield and now an RAF/USAF military installation mainly used for storing munitions. The M4 entrance allows easier access for the large vehicles used to carry the munitions.
Junction 27 (High Cross) is a normal grade-separated roundabout junction. However the on-bound slip roads point in the opposite direction to the intended direction of travel. Due to the topology of the landscape, both sets of slip roads are conjoined on either side of the roundabout. To travel westbound the driver must use an eastbound-facing slip road before looping around 180 degrees to join the westbound carriageway.
Junctions 30-31 (East Cardiff) were set aside for intermediate additional interchanges at the time on construction. Junction 30 (Cardiff Gate) has since been added but there are no current plans to construct Junction 31 (A469 road).
Junction 39 does actually exist, but can only be used to access the motorway from a single slip road onto the westbound carriageway from the A48 at junction 38. There is no exit from the motorway at this junction.
Junction 41 refers to two different junctions in two different directions, their movements not complementary. In the westbound direction, 41 is indicated as a spur leading to the roundabout in Briton Ferry formerly known as 41A, and the original bridge over the River Neath, which would allow access onto the stretch of the M4 from junction 43 westward. In the eastbound direction, 41 is indicated as an exit-only route to the A48 towards Port Talbot. As a result, it is possible in both directions to travel almost 2 miles (3.2 km) in the same direction having both joined and subsequently left the motorway at "Junction 41".
Junction 44 is unusual in that the eastbound entrance dives under the inside of the junction, effectively a creating a "right-turn" on a roundabout.
Work is currently taking place to install[22]Hard Shoulder Running on the M4 between junctions 19 and 20, and is estimated for completion in 2014.[23]
During construction of the electronic indicator signs for the variable speed limit scheme at junction 27 and a new concrete reservation
The variable speed limit scheme between junction 24 and junction 29 opened in June 2011.[24] This section of the motorway was originally built in 1967 and has many non-standard gradients and a number of tight bends. It is hoped the flow of traffic will be smoothed and motorway capacity increased for the 8 miles (13 km) between the two junctions. The scheme should also save money through fewer accidents in the long term. Widening this section of the motorway is not possible because of the two-lane Brynglas Tunnels and existing housing close to the motorway.[25]
Plans for the "missing" Junction 31, also known as the Thornhill interchange, which was originally granted planning permission in September 1991 (but subsequently expired) have been rekindled after proposals for a new business park on a 125 acres (51 ha) site north of the M4 were submitted to Cardiff Council.[26] The developers of the business park, St Modwen Developments, would likely fund the new junction, which would be on the A469.[27]
Plans for an 'M4 Relief Road' around Newport were first announced by the Welsh Office in 1991, but made little progress. The Welsh Assembly Government revived the scheme as the 'New M4' tolled bypass in 2007[28] but later abandoned it for financial reasons. An extension to the Newport Southern Distributor Road through the old Corus steel works is being considered.[29] This road is already a dual carriageway but not open to the public. A public consultation exercise on options for improving the capacity of the M4 corridor around Newport opened on 5 March 2012. Its website states that:[30] "the motorway around Newport does not conform to today’s motorway standards. It lacks continuous hard shoulders, has closely spaced junctions with sub-standard slip road visibility and narrows to a restricted two lane section through the Brynglas Tunnels. Heavy congestion occurs along this stretch and either side of it at peak hours."
There have been calls to close the slip roads at Junction 40 and 41 (at Port Talbot) to improve traffic flow. The motorway is only two lanes in this stretch and is a major traffic congestion blackspot. Junctions 40 and 41 (at Port Talbot) have very short slip roads which are not up to modern standards.[31] The Port Talbot peripheral distributor road is under development, which should divert local traffic away from the M4. In future, it is hoped to extend the M4 to Carmarthen, but this depends on financing.[citation needed] A new Junction, 15A, is being considered by Wiltshire Council and this would give access to South and Central Swindon as well as to Wroughton, Marlborough and Devizes via the existing A4361, as well as a possible Junction 18A which would connect with the A432 and A4174 giving better access to Bristol, via Mangotsfield, and also a direct link with Yate.[citation needed]
- In June 1984 a crash near Maidenhead resulted in 13 deaths.[32]
- In May 1995 a coach carrying Royal British Legion members left the road close to the Severn Bridge resulting in 10 deaths.[32]
| M4 motorway |
| km |
Eastbound exits (B Carriageway) |
Junction |
Westbound exits (A Carriageway) |
|
Road becomes A4 to Central London |
J1
[coord 1] |
North Circular A406
South Circular A205
Chiswick A315
Non-motorway traffic |
| 11.8 |
A4 from Central London becomes the M4
Start of motorway |
13.4
13.7 |
North Circular A406
South Circular A205
Chiswick A315 |
J2 |
Staines, Hounslow, Brentford A4 |
|
Heston services |
Services |
Heston services |
21.5
22.1 |
Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312 |
J3 |
Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312 |
24.5
25.2 |
Heathrow (Terminals 1, 2 & 3) (A4)
Uxbridge (A408) |
J4a |
Heathrow (Terminals 1, 2 & 3) (A4)
Uxbridge (A408) |
27.0
28.5 |
Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Gatwick Airport, Watford, Oxford, Stansted Airport (M40, M1, M11, M3, M23) M25 |
J4b
[coord 2] |
Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Gatwick Airport, Maidstone, Watford, Oxford, Stansted Airport (M40, M1, M11, M3, M23, M20) M25 |
30.7
31.4 |
Colnbrook, Langley A4
Eton, Datchet B470 |
J5 |
Colnbrook, Langley A4, Datchet B470 |
36.8
37.4 |
Slough (Central) A355
Windsor A322 |
J6 |
Slough (Central) A355
Windsor A322 |
39.8
40.3 |
Slough (West) A4 |
J7 |
Slough (West) A4 |
44.7
45.4 |
High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)
Maidenhead A308(M) |
J8/9 |
High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)
Maidenhead A308(M) |
56.4
57.6 |
Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M) |
J10 |
Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M) |
65.4
66.3 |
Basingstoke, Reading (Central) A33 |
J11 |
Basingstoke, Reading (C & S) A33 |
|
Reading services |
Services |
Reading services |
72.9
73.5 |
Reading (West), Theale A4 |
J12 |
Reading (West), Theale A4 |
91.5
92.1 |
Newbury, Oxford A34
Chieveley services |
J13
Services
[coord 3] |
Newbury, Oxford A34
Chieveley services |
103.7
104.3 |
Hungerford, Wantage A338 |
J14 |
Hungerford, Wantage A338 |
| 110.5 |
Membury services |
Services |
Membury services |
122.9
124.0 |
Swindon (East) A419
Marlborough A346
Oxford (A420) |
J15 |
Swindon A419, Marlborough A346 |
132.6
133.2 |
Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, RAF Lyneham, Calne A3102 |
J16 |
Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, RAF Lyneham, Calne A3102 |
152.5
153.4 |
Chippenham A350
Cirencester A429 |
J17 |
Chippenham A350
Cirencester A429 |
| 155.7 |
Leigh Delamere services |
Services |
Leigh Delamere services |
168.8
170.0 |
Bath, Stroud A46 |
J18 |
Bath, Stroud A46 |
181.5
182.1 |
Bristol M32 |
J19 |
Bristol M32 |
186.3
187.2 |
The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West), The MIDLANDS, Gloucester M5
Almondsbury Interchange |
J20
[coord 4] |
The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West) M5(S)
The MIDLANDS, Gloucester M5(N) |
189.5
190.0 |
No access |
J21 |
Chepstow M48 |
195.2
195.7 |
Avonmouth M49
The SOUTH WEST, Bridgwater, Exeter (M5 South) |
J22 |
Avonmouth M49 |
195.9
199.8 |
England |
Second Severn Crossing
[coord 5] |
Wales |
| 204.4 |
No tolls |
Tolls |
Toll booth |
| 208.0 |
Chepstow M48 |
J23 |
No access |
211.4
212.8 |
Magor, Caldicot B4245
Magor services |
J23a
Services |
Magor, Caldicot B4245
Magor services |
217.0
218.3 |
City centre A48
Newport (East) B4237
Monmouth A449
The MIDLANDS (M50) |
J24 |
City centre A48
Newport (East) B4237
Monmouth A449 |
| 222.0 |
No access |
J25 |
Caerleon B4596 |
| 222.6 |
No access |
J25a |
Newport, Cwmbran A4042 |
223.4
223.8 |
Brynglas Tunnels |
Tunnel |
Brynglas Tunnels |
223.8
224.5 |
Newport, Cwmbran, Caerleon A4051 |
J26 |
Newport A4051 |
226.6
227.6 |
High Cross B4591 |
J27 |
High Cross B4591 |
228.5
230.0 |
Newport A48
Risca, Brynmawr A467 |
J28 |
Newport A48
Risca, Brynmawr A467 |
| 231.1 |
No access |
J29 |
Cardiff East and South A48(M) |
236.0
237.0 |
Cardiff East A4232
Cardiff Gate services |
J30
Services |
Cardiff East A4232
Cardiff Gate services |
244.5
246.1 |
Cardiff North, Merthyr Tydfil A470 |
J32 |
Cardiff North, Merthyr Tydfil A470 |
250.1
251.1 |
Cardiff West, Cardiff International Airport, Barry, Penarth A4232
Cardiff West services |
J33
Services |
Cardiff West, Cardiff International Airport, Barry, Penarth A4232
Cardiff West services |
253.5
254.4 |
Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119 |
J34 |
Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119 |
263.7
264.5 |
Pen-coed A473 |
J35 |
Pen-coed, Bridgend A473 |
269.6
270.8 |
Bridgend A4061
Maesteg A4063
Sarn Park services |
J36
Services |
Bridgend A4061
Maesteg A4063
Sarn Park services |
278.1
279.3 |
Porthcawl, Pyle A4229 |
J37 |
Porthcawl, Pyle A4229 |
284.9
285.3 |
Port Talbot A48 |
J38 |
Port Talbot A48 |
| 286.9 |
No access (on-ramp only) |
J39 |
No access |
289.2
289.6 |
Port Talbot A4107 |
J40 |
Port Talbot A4107 |
291.1
291.8 |
Port Talbot A48 |
J41 |
Port Talbot, Baglan A48 |
295.9
297.3 |
Swansea A483
Briton Ferry A48 |
J42 |
Swansea A483 |
297.5
298.8 |
Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465 |
J43 |
Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465 |
300.9
301.6 |
Swansea A48 |
J44 |
Swansea A48 |
303.9
304.7 |
Swansea, Pontardawe, Morriston, Clydach A4067 |
J45 |
Swansea, Pontardawe, Morriston, Clydach A4067 |
307.0
308.0 |
Swansea, Llangyfelach B4489 |
J46 |
Swansea, Llangyfelach B4489 |
309.6
310.7 |
Swansea A483
Pontarddulais A48
Penllergaer, Gorseinon A4240
Swansea services |
J47
Services |
Swansea A483
Pontarddulais A48
Penllergaer, Gorseinon A4240
Swansea services |
316.0
317.2 |
Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138 |
J48 |
Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138 |
| 320.6 |
Start of motorway |
J49
Terminus
Services
[coord 6] |
Carmarthen A48
Ammanford A483
Pont Abraham services |
| Data[33][34][35][36] from driver location signs and location marker posts are used to provide distance and carriageway identification information. Where a junction spans several hundred metres and the data is available, both the start and finish values for the junction are shown. |
Motorway • Primary road • Secondary road
Concurrency terminus • Closed/former • Incomplete access • Unopened |
- Coordinate list
- ^ 51°29′22″N 0°16′40″W / 51.48944°N 0.27778°W / 51.48944; -0.27778 (Start of M4) Eastern end of M1
- ^ 51°29′41″N 0°29′44″W / 51.49472°N 0.49556°W / 51.49472; -0.49556 (Junction 5b of M4) Intersection of M25 and M4
- ^ 51°27′14″N 1°18′52″W / 51.45389°N 1.31444°W / 51.45389; -1.31444 (Junction 13 of M4) Intersection of M4 and A34(E05)
- ^ 51°33′01″N 2°33′11″W / 51.55028°N 2.55306°W / 51.55028; -2.55306 (J20 of M4) Almondburty Interchange - Intersection of M4 and M5
- ^ 51°34′21″N 2°41′31″W / 51.5725°N 2.69194°W / 51.5725; -2.69194 (M4 Severn Crossing) Second Severn Crossing
- ^ 51°44′42″N 4°03′54″W / 51.745°N 4.065°W / 51.745; -4.065 (End of M4) Western end of M1
Media related to M4 motorway at Wikimedia Commons
- ^ "The M4 London to South Wales Motorway. Holyport to Tormarton". The Motorway Archive Trust. http://www.ukmotorwayarchive.org/page1.htm. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
- ^ [|Curtis, Nick] (1 October 2009) "The 'sweet little Chiswick Flyover' hits 50" (in English) This Is London http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/lifestyle/article-23751213-the-sweet-little-chiswick-flyover-hits-50.do. Retrieved 3 March 2012 "The showbiz opening on 30 September 1959 was therefore a shrewd publicity stunt by Alderton's managing director, J E Dayton. It worked."
- ^ "THE OLDEST MOTORWAY" The Motorway Archive Trust http://www.ciht.org.uk/motorway/stats.htm. Retrieved 3 March 2012
- ^ "The M4 in Wales". The Motorway Archive Trust. http://www.motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/m4wales.htm. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ^ "On the road". The Motor nbr 3625: Page 30. 23 December 1971.
- ^ "The Motorway Archive: M4 Second Severn Crossing". Iht.org. 28 April 1992. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4sscscheme.htm. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Does this look like a U-turn?". BBC. 18 January 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1119193.stm. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
- ^ a b c "Stretch of M4 bus lane opens to all motorists". BBC News. 16 November 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11763882. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
- ^ "Drivers hold M4 speed camera demo". BBC News. 30 April 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/4498551.stm.
- ^ ": : M4 Motorway Widening : :". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080115074004/http://www.m4widening29to32.com/overview.htm. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ "M4 in Wales to be 'hydrogen highway,' ministers to say". BBC News. 12 February 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8511319.stm. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
- ^ Fraser, Douglas (8 September 2009). "'Hydrogen highway' plans backed". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/8245093.stm. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
- ^ "Government to scrap M4 bus lane". BBC News. 1 October 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11451350. Retrieved 1 October 2010. "The controversial M4 bus lane is due to be scrapped at the end of the year. Under the plans, all motorists will be able to use the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) lane which operates on the London-bound carriageway from near Heathrow"
- ^ "M4 Junction 11 Improvement Scheme". Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/19089.aspx.
- ^ "M4 Junction 11 Improvements". Reading Borough Council. http://www.reading.gov.uk/ltp/General.asp?id=SX9452-A7832CD2.
- ^ "Reading is the fastest-growing economic centre in UK". Reading Chronicle. 10 July 2007. http://icberkshire.icnetwork.co.uk/chronicle/headlines/tm_headline=reading-is-the-fastest-growing-economic-centre-in-uk&method=full&objectid=19433560&siteid=50102-name_page.html.
- ^ "M4 VICKERS MACHINE GUN PILLBOX, PILLBOX STUDY GROUP". Pillbox-study-group.org.uk. 11 April 2008. http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/m4vmgpillboxpage.htm. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Speed cameras slow bridge traffic". BBC News. 5 October 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/3714770.stm.
- ^ Edwards, Tom (11 September 2009). "M4 bus lane is 'barely enforced'". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8249919.stm. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
- ^ "Work starts to remove M4 Bus Lane". Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/news/pressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=416512. "The suspension of the M4 Bus Lane is being carried out under an Experimental Order under the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984"
- ^ "2006 Fourth quarter foundation magazine - Operations and products". Hanson.biz. 31 May 2011. http://www.hanson.biz/files/pdf/magazine/2006/2006Q4_op.pdf. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Managed Motorways implementation guidance – Hard shoulder running". Standards for Highways. http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ians/pdfs/ian111.pdf.
- ^ "M4 J19-20 and M5 J15-17 Managed Motorways". Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/23382.aspx. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ "M4 Junctions 24 to 28 - Average Speed Cameras". Traffic Wales. http://www.traffic-wales.com/13837. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
- ^ "M4 Variable Speed Limit". Welsh Assembly Government. http://www.traffic-wales.com/vsl.
- ^ "Council will look again at case for M-way link". icwales. 23 June 2007. http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/news/cardiff-news/2007/06/23/council-will-look-again-at-case-for-m-way-link-91466-19345314/.
- ^ "Business park plan ‘would hit green land’". icwales. 19 December 2007. http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/business-in-wales/business-news/2007/12/19/business-park-plan-would-hit-green-land-91466-20266885/.
- ^ "Plans for the M4 Toll (Newport)". BBC News. 20 September 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7003690.stm. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
- ^ "The New M4 Project – Magor to Castleton". Welsh Assembly Government. 13 July 2009. http://wales.gov.uk/publications/accessinfo/drnewhomepage/transportdrs2/transportdrs2009/m4projmagor-castleton/?lang=en.
- ^ M4 corridor enhancement measures: Overview. Accessed 5 March 2012
- ^ "ARE M4 PLANS ON RIGHT TRACK?". South Wales Evening Post. 12 December 2007. http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=161818&command=displayContent&sourceNode=161644&contentPK=19049034&folderPk=88499&pNodeId=161375.
- ^ a b c "Death toll on British roads". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-187995/Death-toll-British-roads.html. "13 died in a crash on the M4 near Maidenhead, Berks, in June 1984."
- ^ Area 3 Driver Location Signs (map) - Highway Authority, 2009
- ^ Driver Location Signs, M5 J18-11, M4 J22-15 (map) Highway Authority 2009
- ^ "Traffic England Live Traffic Condition Map (selected Popups)". Highways Agency. http://www.trafficengland.com/map.aspx. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
- ^ "Resources". Traffig Cymru/Traffic Wales. http://www.traffic-wales.com/resources. Retrieved 2011-08-22. "Select Telephone & marker post locations."
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Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 2°09′45″W / 51.5101°N 2.1624°W / 51.5101; -2.1624 (M4 motorway)
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