William Windom
39th United States Secretary of the Treasury
In office March 7, 1889 – January 29, 1891
President	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	Charles S. Fairchild
Succeeded by	Charles W. Foster
33rd United States Secretary of the Treasury
In office March 8, 1881 – November 13, 1881
President	James Garfield Chester A. Arthur
Preceded by	John Sherman
Succeeded by	Charles J. Folger
United States Senator from Minnesota
In office November 15, 1881 – March 4, 1883 Serving with Samuel J. R. McMillan
Preceded by	Alonzo J. Edgerton
Succeeded by	Dwight M. Sabin
In office March 4, 1871 – March 7, 1881 Serving with Alexander Ramsey, Samuel J. R. McMillan
Preceded by	Ozora P. Stearns
Succeeded by	Alonzo J. Edgerton
In office July 15, 1870 – January 22, 1871 Serving with Alexander Ramsey
Preceded by	Daniel S. Norton
Succeeded by	Ozora P. Stearns
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's 1st district
In office March 4, 1859 – March 4, 1869
Preceded by	James M. Cavanaugh
Succeeded by	Morton S. Wilkinson
Personal details
Born	(1827-05-10)May 10, 1827 Belmont County, Ohio
Died	January 29, 1891(1891-01-29) (aged 63) New York City
Political party	Republican
Profession	Lawyer and politician
Religion	Quaker

William Windom (May 10, 1827 – January 29, 1891) was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1869, and as U.S. Senator from 1870 to January 1871, from March 1871 to March 1881, and from November 1881 to 1883. He also served as Secretary of the Treasury from March to November 1881, and from 1889 to 1891. He was a Republican. He was the great-grandfather of actor William Windom.

Early life[link]

He was born in Belmont County, Ohio. He moved to Minnesota Territory in 1855 and settled in the town of Winona on the banks of the Mississippi River in southeastern Minnesota.^[1]

Political career[link]

William Windom, 1855.

Windom was elected U.S. Representative in 1859, filling one of Minnesota's two at-large seats.^[2] He was re-elected in 1861, again at-large. By 1862, Minnesota had established Congressional districts, and in that year he was re-elected from Minnesota's 1st congressional district; and also in 1864 and 1866. He was not a candidate in 1868.

Senator Daniel S. Norton died on July 13, 1870. On July 15, Governor Alexander Ramsey appointed Windom to the resulting vacancy, to serve until the legislature elected a replacement.^[3] When the legislature met in January 1871, they elected Ozora P. Stearns to serve the last 41 days of the current term (January 22-March 4), and elected Windom to serve the next full term, beginning March 4. Windom was re-elected in 1877, and served until March 7, 1881 when he resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury.

In the United States Senate, Windom was recognized as a strong advocate of railroad regulation. Indeed in December 1872, he became the chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard to investigate transportation practices. The select committee's report was submitted to the Senate on April 24, 1874, and was ordered to be printed the same day. The analytical report, among other conclusions and recommendations, recommended a Bureau of Commerce; it would have all the basic elements of the Interstate Commerce Commission, as created thirteen years later, in January 1887,^[4] and other follow-on. Almost 35 years later the Progressive Era Inland Waterways Commission, looking into similar issues and many new ones, would recognize the "Report of the Windom Select Committee" as the third epoch in the movement toward developing the inland waterways of the country.^[5]

In 1880, Windom sought the Republican nomination for President.^[6] But at the Republican National Convention, he received only 10 votes on the first ballot. The convention deadlocked, and after over 30 ballots began to consider choosing a "dark horse" candidate, such as Windom. But instead of Windom, they nominated James A. Garfield, who was subsequently elected President.^[7]

On March 7, 1881, Windom resigned from the Senate and was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by Garfield, taking office the next day.

Windom served as Treasury Secretary until November 13, when he resigned. On October 26, he was again elected Senator by the Minnesota Legislature, this time to fill the vacancy left by his own resignation. He re-assumed his Senate seat on November 15 and served until the end of his term on March 4, 1883. He sought re-election in 1882, but was defeated.

In 1883, he moved to New York City, where he practiced law until 1889. After President Benjamin Harrison was elected in 1888, he appointed Windom as Secretary of the Treasury. Taking office on March 8, 1889, Windom served as Treasury Secretary until his death on April 29, 1891.

Memorials[link]

Windom's engraved portrait appeared on the $2.00 denomination of U.S. silver certificates from 1891 to 1896. The revenue cutter USSWindom was named for him.

The city of Windom in Cottonwood County, Minnesota is named for him.

References[link]

1. ^ Theodore Blegen, Minnesota: a History of the State (University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, 1963) p. 249.
2. ^ Ibid., p. 235.
3. ^ Ibid. p. 290.
4. ^ John A. Garraty, The New Commonwealth: 1877-1890 (Harper & Row Pub.: New York, 1968) p. 118.
5. ^ Introductory note to the Gallatin Report of 1808, included in the Preliminary Report of the Inland Waterways Commission, 1908
6. ^ Reeves, Thomas C. Gentleman Boss: The Life of Chester Alan Arthur (Alfred A. Knopf: New York, 1975) p. 164.
7. ^ Allan Peskin, Garfield (Kent State University Press: Kent, Ohio, 1999) p. 477.

• William Windom at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Treasury biography
• Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco [1]

v t e United States Secretaries of the Treasury Hamilton Wolcott Dexter Gallatin Campbell Dallas Crawford Rush Ingham McLane Duane Taney Woodbury Ewing Forward Spencer Bibb Walker Meredith Corwin Guthrie Cobb Thomas Dix Chase Fessenden McCulloch Boutwell Richardson Bristow Morrill Sherman Windom Folger Gresham McCulloch Manning Fairchild Windom Foster Carlisle Gage Shaw Cortelyou MacVeagh McAdoo Glass Houston Mellon Mills Woodin Morgenthau Vinson Snyder Humphrey Anderson Dillon Fowler Barr Kennedy Connally Shultz Simon Blumenthal Miller Regan Baker Brady Bentsen Rubin Summers O'Neill Snow Paulson Geithner

v t e Cabinet of President James A. Garfield (1881) Vice President Chester A. Arthur Secretary of State James G. Blaine Secretary of the Treasury William Windom Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln Attorney General Wayne MacVeagh Postmaster General Thomas Lemuel James Secretary of the Navy William H. Hunt Secretary of the Interior Samuel J. Kirkwood

v t e Cabinet of President Chester A. Arthur (1881–1885) Vice President None (1881–1885) Secretary of State James G. Blaine (1881) Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (1881–1885) Secretary of the Treasury William Windom (1881) Charles J. Folger (1881–1884) Walter Q. Gresham (1884) Hugh McCulloch (1884–1885) Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln (1881–1885) Attorney General Wayne MacVeagh (1881) Benjamin H. Brewster (1881–1885) Postmaster General Thomas Lemuel James (1881) Timothy O. Howe (1881–1883) Walter Q. Gresham (1883–1884) Frank Hatton (1884–1885) Secretary of the Navy William H. Hunt (1881–1882) William E. Chandler (1882–1885) Secretary of the Interior Samuel J. Kirkwood (1881–1882) Henry M. Teller (1882–1885)

v t e Cabinet of President Benjamin Harrison (1889–1893) Vice President Levi P. Morton (1889–1893) Secretary of State James G. Blaine (1889–1892) John W. Foster (1892–1893) Secretary of the Treasury William Windom (1889–1891) Charles W. Foster (1891–1893) Secretary of War Redfield Proctor (1889–1891) Stephen B. Elkins (1891–1893) Attorney General William H. H. Miller (1889–1893) Postmaster General John Wanamaker (1889–1893) Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy (1889–1893) Secretary of the Interior John W. Noble (1889–1893) Secretary of Agriculture Jeremiah M. Rusk (1889–1893)

v t e United States Senators from Minnesota Class 1 Rice Ramsey McMillan Davis Towne Clapp Kellogg Shipstead Thye McCarthy H. Humphrey M. Humphrey Durenberger Grams Dayton Klobuchar Class 2 Shields Wilkinson Norton Windom Stearns Windom Edgerton Windom Sabin Washburn K. Nelson Johnson Schall Benson Howard Lundeen Ball A. Nelson Ball H. Humphrey Mondale Anderson Boschwitz Wellstone Barkley Coleman Franken

• William Windom at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

Cloris Leachman
Leachman as the Grand Marshal for the 2009 Rose Parade.
Born	(1926-04-30) April 30, 1926 (age 86) Des Moines, Iowa
Occupation	Actress, comedienne
Years active	1947–present
Spouse	George Englund (m. 1953-1979; 5 children)

Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress of stage, film and television. She has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards—more than any other performer—and one Daytime Emmy Award. She co-starred in the 1971 film The Last Picture Show. Leachman's longest running role was the nosy, self-centered and manipulative landlady Phyllis Lindstrom on the 1970s TV series Mary Tyler Moore, and later on the spinoff series, Phyllis. She also appeared in three Mel Brooks films, including Young Frankenstein. She had a regular role on the last two seasons of The Facts of Life portraying the character Beverly Ann Stickle. In recent years, she had a recurring role as Lois's mother Ida Gorski on Malcolm in the Middle. She also starred in the roast of Bob Saget in 2008. Leachman was a contestant on Season 7 (2008) of Dancing with the Stars, paired with Corky Ballas. At the age of 82, she was the oldest contestant to dance on the series.^[1]

Leachman was the grand marshal for the 2009 New Year's Day Tournament of Roses Parade and Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California.^[2] She presided over the 120th parade, the theme being "Hats Off to Entertainment", and the 95th Rose Bowl game. Leachman plays a supporting role in Raising Hope, a sitcom that premiered in the fall of 2010 on Fox. She will star with Tara Reid in The Fields,^[3] and with Colin Firth and Cameron Diaz in Gambit, a remake of a 1966 film.

Early life[link]

Leachman at the June 2009 premiere for The Proposal

Leachman was born in Des Moines, Iowa, where she attended Roosevelt High School. She is the eldest of three daughters of Cloris (née Wallace) and Berkeley Claiborne "Buck" Leachman, who worked at the family-owned Leachman Lumber Company.^[4][5][6][7] Her youngest sister, Claiborne Cary (1932–2010), was an actress and singer.^[8] Leachman's maternal grandmother was of Bohemian (Czech) descent.^[9]

Leachman majored in drama at Illinois State University and Northwestern University, where she was a member of Gamma Phi Beta and a classmate of future comic actor Paul Lynde. Leachman began appearing on television and in films shortly after competing in Miss America as Miss Chicago 1946. Before that she was very active at the Des Moines Playhouse, starring in many productions.

Career[link]

Early career[link]

After winning a scholarship in the beauty pageant, Leachman studied acting in New York City at the Actors Studio with Elia Kazan. It was there that she met the first love of her life, Andrew Morgan. Leachman was a replacement for character Nellie Forbush during the original run of Rodgers & Hammerstein's South Pacific. A few years later, she appeared in the Broadway-bound production of William Inge's Come Back, Little Sheba, but left the show before it reached Broadway when Katharine Hepburn asked her to co-star in a production of William Shakespeare's As You Like It.^[10]

Leachman appeared in many live television broadcasts in the 1950s, including such programs as Suspense and Studio One. She was also one of the Raisonette Girls in the 1960s. She made her feature film debut as an extra in the 1947 film Carnegie Hall, but had her first real role in Robert Aldrich's film noir classic Kiss Me Deadly,^[11] released in 1955. Leachman was several months pregnant during the filming, and appears in one scene running down a darkened highway wearing only a trenchcoat. A year later she appeared opposite Paul Newman and Lee Marvin in The Rack (1956). She appeared with Newman again, in a brief role as a prostitute in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969).

She continued to work mainly in television, with appearances in Rawhide and in The Twilight Zone episode It's a Good Life. During this period, Leachman notably appeared on the popular anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents in an engaging episode entitled "Premonition" opposite John Forsythe. Later in the decade, Leachman appeared as Ruth Martin, Timmy's adoptive mom, in the last half of season four (1957) of Lassie. Jon Provost ("Timmy Martin") said, "Cloris did not feel particularly challenged by the role. Basically, when she realized that all she'd be doing was baking cookies, she wanted out."^[12] She was replaced by June Lockhart in 1959. In 1959, she appeared in an episode of One Step Beyond titled "The Dark Room", where she portrayed an American photographer living in Paris. In 1960 she played Marilyn Parker, the roommate of Janice Rule's character, Elena Nardos, in the Checkmate episode The Mask of Vengeance.

Recognition and acclaim[link]

Leachman has won numerous awards during her career. She won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in The Last Picture Show (1971), based on the bestselling book by Larry McMurtry. She played the high school gym teacher's wife, with whom Timothy Bottoms' character has an affair. Director Peter Bogdanovich had predicted to Leachman during production that she would win an Academy Award for her performance. The part was originally offered to Ellen Burstyn, who wanted another role in the film.^[13]

Leachman has also won a record-setting eight primetime and one daytime Emmy Awards and been nominated more than 20 times for her work in television over the years, most notably as the character of neighbor/landlady/nosy friend Phyllis Lindstrom on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. The character was a recurring character on the program for five years and was subsequently featured in a spinoff series, Phyllis (1975–1977), for which Leachman garnered a Golden Globe award. The series ran for two seasons. Its cancellation was partly due to the deaths of three regular or recurring cast members during its brief run: Barbara Colby, Judith Lowry and Burt Mustin.

Cloris Leachman as Phyllis Lindstrom, 1974.

In 1977, she guest starred on The Muppet Show, episode 2.24 (48th episode). In 1978, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre. In 1987 she hosted the VHS releases of Schoolhouse Rock.^[14] In 1986, Leachman returned to television, replacing Charlotte Rae's character Edna Garrett as the den mother on The Facts of Life. Leachman's role, as Edna's sister, Beverly Ann Stickle, could not save the long-running series, and it was canceled two years later.

She has voice-acted in numerous animated films, including My Little Pony: The Movie as the evil witch mother from the Volcano of Gloom, The Iron Giant, and most notably as the voice of the cantankerous sky pirate Dola in Hayao Miyazaki's 1986 feature Castle in the Sky. Dubbed by Disney in 1998, Leachman's performance in this film received nearly unanimous praise. Leachman played embittered, greedy, Slavic Canadian “Grandma Ida” on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, for which she won two Emmy Awards, both for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (once in 2002, then again in 2006). She was nominated for playing that same character for six consecutive years.

Later television credits include the successful Lifetime Television miniseries Beach Girls with Rob Lowe and Julia Ormond. Leachman was nominated for a SAG Award for her role as the wine-soaked, former jazz singer and grandmother Evelyn in the Sony feature Spanglish opposite Adam Sandler and Tea Leoni. She had replaced an ailing Anne Bancroft in the role. The film reunited her with her The Mary Tyler Moore Show writer-producer-director James L. Brooks. That same year she appeared with Sandler again, in the remake of The Longest Yard. She also appeared in Kurt Russell comedy Sky High as the school nurse with X-ray vision. In 2005, she guest starred as Charlie Harper's neighbor Norma in an episode (#3.9 "Madame and Her Special Friend") of Two and a Half Men.

In 2006, Leachman's performance alongside Sir Ben Kingsley and Annette Bening in the HBO special Mrs. Harris earned her an Emmy nomination for outstanding supporting actress in a miniseries or TV movie as well as an SAG Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries. On May 14, 2006, she was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from Drake University.^{[citation needed]}

Leachman was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2011.

In 2011, Leachman was ranked #23 on the TV Guide Network special, Funniest Women on TV.^[15]

Mel Brooks films[link]

Leachman has appeared in three Mel Brooks films. She played Frau Blücher in Young Frankenstein (1974), in which the mere mention of her character's name elicits the loud neighing of horses (an homage to a cinematic villain stereotype).^[16] She also appeared in High Anxiety (1977) as the demented villainess, psychiatric nurse Charlotte Diesel, and as Madame Defarge in the segment of History of the World: Part I (1981) which parodied Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities.

She auditioned for a chance to revive her role from Young Frankenstein in the 2007 Broadway production opposite Megan Mullally (replacing formerly cast Kristin Chenoweth) and Roger Bart. However, Andrea Martin was cast in the role. Mel Brooks was quoted as saying that Leachman, at 81, was too old for the role. "We don't want her to die on stage", he told columnist Army Archerd, at which Leachman took umbrage.^[17] However, due to Leachman's success on Dancing with the Stars, Brooks reportedly asked her to reprise her role as Frau Blücher in the Broadway production of Young Frankenstein after Beth Leavel, who had succeeded Martin.^[18][19] The Broadway production closed before this could be realized.

[edit] Dancing With the Stars

Leachman was a contestant on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars, and was paired with Corky Ballas, the oldest of the professionals. Leachman is the oldest person to compete on the show to date.

Personal life[link]

From 1953 to 1979, Leachman was married to Hollywood impresario George Englund. Leachman's former mother-in-law was character actress Mabel Albertson, best known for playing Samantha Stevens's bewildered mother-in-law on Bewitched. The marriage produced five children: Bryan (died 1986), Morgan, Adam, Dinah and George Englund, Jr. Some of them are in show business. Her son Morgan played Dylan on Guiding Light throughout the 1980s and early 1990s.

Leachman's son Bryan died from a drug overdose on February 25, 1986.^[20] Some reports state that it was an overdose of ulcer medication, while others, such as in the Lifetime Television program Intimate Portrait: Cloris Leachman (in which Leachman participated), state that it was from cocaine.^[21][22] In an interview by Cal Fussman in Esquire, Jan. 2009, Leachman stated, “I've been so relieved and so grateful to not have a god to believe in.”^[23] She called herself an agnostic in an interview with Grandparents magazine.^[24]

The Englunds were Bel Air neighbors of Judy Garland and Sid Luft, and of their children, Lorna and Joey Luft, during the early 1960s. Lorna Luft states in her memoir Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir that Leachman was "the kind of mom I'd only seen on TV". Knowing of the turmoil at the Garland home but never mentioning it, Leachman prepared meals for Judy's children and made them feel welcome whenever they needed a place to stay.

Leachman was also a friend of Marlon Brando, whom she met while studying under Elia Kazan in the 1950s. She introduced him to her husband, who became close to Brando as well, directing him in The Ugly American and writing a memoir about their friendship called Marlon Brando: The Way It's Never Been Done Before (2005).^[25]

In a parody of the famous Demi Moore Vanity Fair magazine cover photo, Leachman posed "au naturel" on the cover of Alternative Medicine Digest (issue 15, 1997) body-painted with images of fruit. A vegetarian, Leachman also posed clad only in lettuce for a 2009 PETA advertisement.^[26]

Leachman's autobiography Cloris: My Autobiography^[27] was published in March 2009. She wrote the bestselling book with her former husband, George Englund.

Filmography[link]

Short Subjects:

• My Strange Uncle (1981)

Television work[link]

• Hold It Please (1949) (canceled after 3 episodes)
• Charlie Wild, Private Detective (1950 – 1952)
• Bob and Ray (regular in 1952)
• Gunsmoke "Legal Revenge" (1956), "The Love of Money" (1961)
• Lassie (cast member from 1957 – 1958)
• Alfred Hitchcock Presents episodes "Premonition" and "Don't Interrupt"
• Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond, episode 4, "The Dark Room" (1959)
• Johnny Staccato as Jessica Winthrop in "Solomon" (1960)
• The Man in the Moon (1960)
• The Donna Reed Show 1 episode: "Mouse at Play" (1961)
• Twilight Zone 1 episode: "It's a Good Life" (1961)
• Perry Mason 1 episode: "The Case of the Crafty Kidnapper" (1966)
• The Virginian (1967 & 1969)
• The Road West (1967)
• Adam-12 (1968) (series episode 2)
• Silent Night, Lonely Night (1969)
• The Mary Tyler Moore Show (cast member from 1970 – 1975)
• Suddenly Single (1971)
• Haunts of the Very Rich (1972)
• Of Thee I Sing (1972)
• A Brand New Life (1973)
• Crime Club (1973) (unsold pilot)
• Dying Room Only (1973)
• The Migrants (1974)
• Hitchhike! (1974)
• Pete 'n' Tillie (1974) (unsold pilot)
• Thursday's Game (1974)
• Ernie, Madge and Artie (1974) (unsold pilot)
• Death Sentence (1974)
• Rhoda (1974)
• Someone I Touched (1975)
• Ladies of the Corridor (1975)
• A Girl Named Sooner (1975)
• Phyllis (1975 – 1977)
• Death Scream (1975)
• Wonder Woman (1975) (1 episode, pilot episode)^[28]
• The Love Boat (1976) (pilot for series)
• It Happened One Christmas (1977)
• Long Journey Back (1978)
• Backstairs at the White House (1979) (miniseries)
• Willa (1979)
• Mrs. R's Daughter (1979)
• S.O.S. Titanic (1979) (Made-for-TV Movie)
• The Oldest Living Graduate (1980)
• The Acorn People (1981)
• Advice to the Lovelorn (1981)
• Miss All-American Beauty (1982)
• Dixie: Changing Habits (1983)
• The Woman Who Willed a Miracle (Emmy Award) (1983)
• The Demon Murder Case (1983)
• Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter (1984)
• Breakfast with Les and Bess (1985)
• Deadly Intentions (1985)
• Blind Alleys (1985)
• The Little Troll Prince (1985) (voice)
• Shadow Play (1986)
• The Facts of Life (cast member from 1986 – 1988)
• The Facts of Life Down Under (1987)
• ABC Grammar Rock (1987)
• The Nutt House (1989) (canceled after 11 episodes)
• Fine Things (1990)
• In Broad Daylight (1991)
• Walter & Emily (1991 – 1992)
• A Little Piece of Heaven (1991)
• Spies (1992)
• Fade to Black (1993)
• Without a Kiss Goodbye (1993)
• Miracle Child (1993)
• The Simpsons (1993) (voice)
• Double, Double, Toil and Trouble (1993)
• The Nanny (1994)
• Between Love and Honor (1995)
• Annabelle's Wish (1997) (voice)
• Thanks (1999 – 2000)
• Malcolm in the Middle (recurring cast member from 2001 – 2006 as Grandma Ida)
• The Ellen Show (2001 – 2002)
• Cubix (2001) as Mrs. Ramsey
• The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series), "It's Still a Good Life" (2003)
• Crazy Love (2003) (unsold pilot)
• Family Guy (2005) (voice)
• Mrs. Harris (2005)
• Two and a Half Men (2005)
• The Great Malones (2006) (unsold pilot)
• Lake Placid 2 (2007)
• Roast of Bob Saget (2008)
• Dancing with the Stars (celebrity contestant in 2008) 17 episodes
• Love Takes Wing (2009)
• The Office (Post-Super Bowl XLIII "Stress Relief" 2009)
• Phineas and Ferb (2009)
• "Hawthorne" (2009)
• Chelsea Lately (2010) (Round Table Guest)
• Raising Hope (2010-) (currently on air)
• RuPaul's Drag Race (2010) (Special Guest Judge along with Debbie Reynolds)
• Top Gear (2012)