Kras

Friday, 28 December 2012

Extremely low start of IL-86 Kras Air in Tivat

ONK motorcross Mill 2011 - Mike Kras vs Petar Petrov

kamal mohamad. kras katan. SOZ kurdsat.2011

Baxtyar Salh 2011 Kras Rash Baxtiyar Salh By Rozhgar.Net

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Barcola
Barcola (Slovene: Barkovlje) is a seaside neighbourhood of Trieste, Italy. To go to Barcola from the centre of town take "viale Miramare" going in the direction of Venezia. Barcola is about 3 km from the train station. It is best known after the Barcolana regatta, a European sailing race that happens every year in October.
Trieste is a popular place for locals to go swimming and sunbathing and a long promenade links the area with nearby Miramare Castle.
According to the last Austro-Hungarian census of 1911, more than 73% of the population of the suburb were of Slovene ethnicity. After the annexation to Italy in 1920, the percentage of Slovene speakers fell significantly; however, Barcola is still an important center of the Slovene minority in Italy. Traditionally, the Karst dialect of Slovene has been spoken in Barcola, differently from most other ethnic Slovene villages around Trieste, where the Inner Carniolan dialect is spoken.
Coordinates: 45°41′N 13°45′E / 45.683°N 13.75°E / 45.683; 13.75

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Brkini Hills
The Brkini Hills (Slovene: Brkini) is a hilly region in Slovenian Istria, bordered on the north by the Reka River, on the southwest by the Materija Valley (Matarsko podolje), on the northwest by the Karst Plateau (Kras), and on the southeast by the Jelšane Valley (Jelšansko podolje). The Brkini region is divided among the municipalities of Hrpelje-Kozina, Pivka, Ilirska Bistrica, and Divača.
The region is 25 km (16 mi.) long and 7 km (4.3 mi.) wide, and covers an area of 180 square km (69 sq. mi.). Its central part is 700 to 800 metres (2,300 to 2,600 ft) high. The center of the region is the village of Pregarje. The climate is mild, and the geological basis is flyschy, with a minor limestone part in the northeast. The region is a link between the Mediterranean and the continental part of Slovenia.
Brkini is an economically underdeveloped region, with the main economic activity being fruit farming, in particular plums. Many people from Brkini commute to work to the nearby towns of Ilirska Bistrica, Podgrad, Hrpelje, and Kozina. During World War II, over one-third of the villages in Brkini were burned by the Italian and German occupying forces due to the Partisan activity in the area, which significantly affected the development of the region. The population density is low, with people still leaving.

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Cerknica
Cerknica (Italian: Circonio, German: Zirknitz) is a town and municipality in the Karst region of southwestern Slovenia, with a population of 10,284 (2002 Census). It belongs to the traditional region of Inner Carniola.
Its best-known landmark is Lake Cerknica, an intermittent lake, the largest lake in Slovenia, to the south of the town of Cerknica. Various watersports including windsurfing are popular on the lake.

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Divača
Divača is a small town and municipality in the Littoral region of Slovenia, a few kilometres from the Italian border.
The Parish Church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Anthony the Hermit and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.
Škocjan Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in the municipality.
Divača is the birthplace of the Slovene actress Ita Rina. The Olympic fencer Rudolf Cvetko and the anti-Fascist insurgence leader Danilo Zelen were born in the village of Senožeče.
Škocjan Caves
Divača railway station

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Doberdò del Lago
Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Gorizia in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 30 km northwest of Trieste and about 11 km southwest of Gorizia. The majority of the population are ethnic Slovenes.
Doberdò del Lago borders the following municipalities: Komen, Duino-Aurisina, Fogliano Redipuglia, Miren-Kostanjevica, Monfalcone, Ronchi dei Legionari, Sagrado, Savogna d'Isonzo. It is located in the westernmost part of the Kras Plateau.
Doberdò is the only municipality in the Province of Gorizia that lies entirely on the Kras (Carso) plateau. The Doberdò area has a crucial strategic position. Throughout the middle of the municipality, in fact, runs a relatively wide and flat canyon that stretches from north to south, connecting the Vipava Valley to the Adriatic sea. The canyon is called simply Dol (Slovene for vale). The main road between Gorizia and Trieste runs through this canyon, which is the most direct connection between the Goriška region and the seaside.

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Duino
Duino (Slovene: Devin, German: Tybein) is a town at the Adriatic coast in the municipality (comune) of Duino-Aurisina, part of the region of Friuli–Venezia Giulia in the province of Trieste, northeastern Italy.
The total population is recorded as 8,753 (4,281 males, 4,472 females in 3,753 families), the population density (per square kilometre) as 193.8, and number of housing units as 3,983.
Duino is noted for being the place where the physicist Ludwig Boltzmann died and for inspiring the poet Rainer Maria Rilke to write his Duino Elegies. It is also the place where the well-known Slovene folk legend Lepa Vida takes place.
The two castles are the main attraction. The older castle, dating back to the eleventh century, is in ruins, while the newer castle is inhabited to this day and can be visited by tourists.
Below the ruins of the ancient castle there lies a white rock projecting into the sea, the Dama Bianca, which resembles a veiled woman and gave origin to many gothic legends.
Since 1982 the town has been home to the United World College of the Adriatic, an international school attended by students from 80 different countries.

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Dutovlje
Dutovlje is a settlement in the Sežana Municipality in the Littoral region of Slovenia close to the border with Italy.
The Parish Church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint George and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

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Geography of Italy
Coordinates: 42°00′N 12°30′E / 42.0°N 12.5°E / 42.0; 12.5
Italy is located in southern Europe and comprises the long, boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the land between the peninsula and the Alps, and a number of islands including Sicily and Sardinia. Corsica, although belonging to the Italian geographical region, has been a part of France since 1769.
Its total area is 301,230 km² (116,310 sq mi), of which 294,020 km² (113,520 sq mi) is land and 7,210 km² is water (2,784 sq mi). It lies between latitudes 35° and 48° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E.
Italy borders with Switzerland (740 km/460 mi), France (488 km/303 mi), Austria (430 km/270 mi) and Slovenia (232 km/144 mi). San Marino (39 km/24 mi) and Vatican city (0.44 km/0.27 mi) are enclaves.
Including islands, Italy has a coastline of 7,600 kilometres (4,700 mi) on the Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Sea.
Almost 40% of the Italian territory is mountainous, with the Alps as the northern boundary and the Apennine Mountains forming the backbone of the peninsula and extending for 1,350 km (840 mi). In between the two lies a large plain in the valley of the Po, the largest river in Italy, which flows 652 km (405 mi) eastward from the Cottian Alps to the Adriatic. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy, with 46,000 km² (18,000 sq mi), and it represents over 70% of the total plain area in the country.

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Gorizia and Gradisca
The County of Gorizia and Gradisca (German: Graftschaft Görz und Gradisca; Italian: Contea di Gorizia e Gradisca; Slovene: Goriška in Gradiščanska grofija) was a Habsburg county in Central Europe, in what is now a multilingual border area of Italy and Slovenia. It was named for its two major urban centers, Gorizia and Gradisca d'Isonzo.
The County of Gorizia became part of the Habsburg domains in AD 1500 when Count Leonhard died without heir. Habsburg suzerainty was interrupted briefly by the Venetians in 1508-1509. In 1647, the nearby town of Gradisca d'Isonzo was made its own county under the princes of Eggenberg. In 1754, Gradisca was re-unified with Gorizia creating the County of Gorizia and Gradisca (Grafschaft Görz und Gradisca / Contea di Gorizia e Gradisca).

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Gulf of Trieste
The Gulf of Trieste (Italian: Golfo di Trieste, Slovene: Tržaški zaliv, Croatian: Tršćanski zaljev, German: Golf von Triest) is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Gulf of Venice and is shared by Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. It is closed to the south by the peninsula of Istria, the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea, shared between Croatia and Slovenia.
The gulf is limited by an imaginary line connecting the Punta Tagliamento on the Italian and Savudrija (Punta Salvore) on the Croatian coast. Its area is approximately 550 km², its average depth 16 m, and its maximum depth 37 m. With the exception of flat islets blocking the entrance to Laguna di Grado, there are no islands in the gulf. Its eastern coasts, with Trieste and the Slovenian Littoral, have more rugged relief.
The sea current in the gulf flows counterclockwise. Its average speed is 0.8 knots. Tides in the gulf are among the largest in the Adriatic Sea, but nevertheless do not usually exceed 60 centimetres (24 in). The average salinity is 37-38‰, but in the summer it falls under 35‰.

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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Čakavian: Istrija, Jistra, Croatian pronunciation: [îstra]; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; German: Istrien; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.
The geographical features of Istria include the Učka mountain ridge, which is the highest portion of the Ćićarija mountain range; the rivers Dragonja, Mirna, Pazinčica, and Raša; and the Lim bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (89%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being Istria County in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include Pula, Poreč, Rovinj, Pazin, Labin, Umag, Motovun, Buzet, and Buje. Smaller towns in Istria County include Višnjan, Roč, and Hum.
The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it is known as Slovenian Istria, and includes the coastal municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper, and the Karstic municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina. Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy. This smallest portion of Istria consists of the comunes of Muggia and San Dorligo della Valle.

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Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

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Komen
Komen is a settlement and a municipality in Slovenia. It is located on the Karst plateau in the Slovenian Littoral.
In the Middle Ages, it was first part of the Duchy of Friuli and in the 13th century it was included in the County of Gorizia. Komen was first mentioned in a document from 1247. In 1500, the whole region fell under Habsburg dominion and it was included in the County of Gorizia and Gradisca until 1918. During World War I, the western parts of the municipality were devastated by the Battles of the Isonzo. After the end of the war in November 1918, the area was occupied by Italian troops and annexed to Italy with the Treaty of Rapallo in 1920. On February 15, 1944, the village of Komen was burned down by the Nazi German troops as a retaliation for Partisan resistance activity in the area; the surviving inhabitants were forcibily resettled to Bavaria, from where they only returned after the end of World War II. In 1947, it became part of Yugoslavia and in 1991 of independent Slovenia.

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KRAS
GTPase KRas also known as V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and KRAS, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRAS gene.
The protein product of the normal KRAS gene performs an essential function in normal tissue signaling, and the mutation of a KRAS gene is an essential step in the development of many cancers.
Like other members of the Ras family, the KRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways. KRAS is usually tethered to cell membranes because of the presence of an isoprenyl group on its C-terminus.
KRAS acts as a molecular on/off switch. Once it is turned on it recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of growth factor and other receptors' signal, such as c-Raf and PI 3-kinase. KRAS binds to GTP in the active state and possesses an intrinsic enzymatic activity which cleaves the terminal phosphate of the nucleotide converting it to GDP. Upon conversion of GTP to GDP, KRAS is turned off. The rate of conversion is usually slow but can be sped up dramatically by an accessory protein of the GTPase activating protein (GAP) class, for example RasGAP. In turn KRAS can bind to proteins of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) class, for example SOS1, which forces the release of bound nucleotide. Subsequently, KRAS binds GTP present in the cytosol and the GEF is released from ras-GTP.

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Kras
Karst (Italian: Carso; German: Karst; Slovene: Kras); also known as the Karst Plateau, is a limestone borderline plateau region extending in southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy. It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes.
The region is famous for having given the name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.
The plateau rises quite steeply above the neighboring landscape, except for its northeastern side, where the steepness is less pronounced. The plateau gradually descends from the southeast to the southwest. On average it lies 334 m above sea level. Its western edge, known as the Karst Rim (Slovene: Kraški rob), is a continuation of the Učka mountain range in eastern Istria, and rises to the east and southeast of Trieste, ending in steep cliffs between Aurisina and Duino. Many interesting geological phenomena occur along the Karst Rim, including the picturesque Rosandra Valley (also known as Glinščica).

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Kras Stadion
Kras Stadion (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkrɑˌstaːdiˌjɔn]) is a multi-purpose stadium in Volendam, Netherlands. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Volendam. The stadium is able to hold 6,984 people and was built in 1975.
Coordinates: 52°29′40″N 5°03′59″E / 52.49444°N 5.06639°E / 52.49444; 5.06639

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Lipica
Lipica is a village in the Municipality of Sežana in the Littoral region of Slovenia, close to the border with Italy.
Lipica is one of the main tourist centers of the Slovenia's Karst region. It is the origin of the Lipizzaner horses. The Lipica stud farm was established in 1580 by Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor). Today the stud farm is fully functional and breeds the finest horses for haute-école riding. The stud farm now also includes a hotel and leisure complex, a modern adjunct to a historical setting.
The name is derived from the Slovenian word lipa 'linden tree', which is common in the area. The staff at the Lipica stud farm plant a new linden tree for every foal born, with the local epithet 'Lipa, Lipica, Lipizzana'.
The history of Lipica is closely connected with the history of the Habsburg monarchy. At the time when Archduke Charles was thinking about establishing a new stud farm, the Spanish horse was considered the ideal horse breed. Since the soil and climate in the Kras region is similar to that of Spain, Lipica was chosen as the perfect spot for the new farm.

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Ljubljana
Ljubljana (locally: [lʲubˈlʲana] ( listen); German: Laibach, Italian: Lubiana, Latin: Labacum or Aemona) is the capital of Slovenia and its only centre of international importance. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. With approximately 272,000 inhabitants, it classifies as the only Slovenian large town. Throughout its history, it has been influenced by its geographic position at the crossroads of the Slavic world with the Germanic and Latin cultures.
For centuries, Ljubljana was the capital of the historical region of Carniola. Now it is the cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative centre of Slovenia, independent since 1991. Its transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and cultural tradition are contributing factors to its leading position.

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Monfalcone
Monfalcone (in the local Bisiac dialect: Mofalcòn, Slovene: Tržič, German: Falkenberg) is a town and comune of the province of Gorizia (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy), located on the coast of the Gulf of Trieste. Monfalcone means "Mount of Falcon" in Italian.
It is a major industrial centre for manufacturing ships, airplanes, textiles, chemicals and refined oil. It is the home of Fincantieri Cantieri Navali Italiani.
Monfalcone is the fifth most populous town in Friuli - Venezia Giulia and the main centre of Bisiacaria territory. Joined to its neighbourhoods, it reaches about 50,000 inhabitants. The town lies between the Carso hills and the Adriatic Sea, being the northernmost port of the Mediterranean Sea.
In prehistoric times the area of Monfalcone housed several prehistorical fortified villages called castellieri. After the foundation of the Roman city of Aquileia (181 BC), some thermal buildings were created on the hills, known as Insulae Clarae.
After the Ostrogoth, Byzantine, Lombard and Frank domination, Monfalcone was controlled by the Patriarch of Aquileia starting from 967.^{[citation needed]} The Venetians conquered it in 1420 after three days of siege, keeping it until 1511, when it fell to the French. Conquered back by Venice, it was ravaged by the troops of emperor Maximilian I in 1513, who destroyed the Rocca. In 1521 it was returned to Venice, under which it remained until 1797. It was controlled by France until the fall of Napoleon, after which it became part of the Austrian Empire.

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Monrupino
Monrupino (Slovene: Repentabor) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Trieste in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 9 km north of Trieste, on the border with Slovenia. As of 31 December 2004^[update], it had a population of 848 and an area of 12.7 km². According to the 1971 census, 77,3% of the population are Slovenes.
The municipality of Monrupino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Fernetti-Fernetiči, Col (Zolla), Repen (Rupingrande)..
Border crossings into Slovenia are located at Monrupino (called Repentabor on the Slovenian side) and Fernetti (Fernetiči).
Monrupino borders the following municipalities: Sežana (Slovenia), Sgonico, Trieste.
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Pivka
Pivka is a small town and a municipality in Slovenia in the Pivka Basin in the Kras region. It was first mentioned in 1300 as Sancti Petri super Piucha (St. Peter above Pivka). Until 1952 it was called Šentpeter na Krasu (St. Peter in the Karst). It belongs to the traditional region of Inner Carniola.
Although the Pivka region has been a strategically important location since ancient times, it became even more important with the construction of the Vienna-Trieste railway (the Austrian Southern Railway) in 1857 and the Št. Peter na Krasu-Rijeka railway twenty years later. In 1930, while it was under the Italian control, the strategic hills over the town were heavily fortified and included in the Alpine Wall system of defenses, which stretched from the Bay of Genoa to the Kvarner Gulf. Št. Peter na Krasu and the nearby barracks in Hrastje (now part of the town of Pivka) were one of the strongest points in the eastern section of the Alpine Wall.
On the basis of this rich military history from ancient times to the 20th century, the municipality of Pivka is working on a Park of Military History, which currently has a tank and artillery collection, but the project team has ambitious plans to develop the park into a tourism and experience center that will be a major tourist attraction in an area that already attracts many tourists to Postojna Cave and elsewhere. The first military re-enactment was staged in the Park in September 2007.

wn.com/Pivka
Postojna
Postojna (German: Adelsberg, Italianized: Postumia) is a town and a municipality in the traditional region of Inner Carniola, 35 kilometers (22 mi) from Trieste, in southwestern Slovenia. Population 14,581 (2002).
The area is known to have been populated since the paleolithic era due to the discovery of a cave settlement near the town of Postojna called Betal Rock Shelter (Betalov spodmol). The town lies on the Pivka River. Written sources first mention the settlement in the 13th century and in 1432 it became a borough. It was proclaimed a town in 1909. It was under Italian rule between 1918 and 1943 (nominally to 1947) and was a commune in province of Trieste as Postumia.
The entire municipality has a typical karst landscape. One of Slovenia's major tourist attractions, Postojna Cave, is located in the municipality. The cave was first described in the 17th century by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, and a further major part of the cave was discovered in 1818. Electric lighting was added in 1872, increasing the cave system's popularity. A second popular tourist attraction, located approximately 9 km from Postojna, is Predjama Castle, a 16th-century castle built in the mouth of another karst cave.

wn.com/Postojna
Province of Trieste
The Province of Trieste (Italian: Provincia di Trieste, Slovene: Tržaška pokrajina) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has an area of 212 km², and a total population of 236,520 (April 2009). It has a coastal length of 48.1 km. There are 6 communes in the province.
After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the area of the province of Trieste was ruled by the Ostrogoths, Eastern Romans (Byzantines), Lombards and by the Franks. With the advent of the Habsburgs (13th century) the territory was divided between the lords of Duino, Trieste, San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia. During the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria and, subsequently, Joseph II, the maritime trades were increased with institution of the free port.
In 1809, the area was ceded to France after the defeat of Austria in that year. After the French definitive defeat, the communes of Duino, Nabrežina, Sgonico and Monrupino, which used to be part of Carniola, were annexed to that of Gorizia and Gradisca, while Trieste became a direct city of the Austrian Empire. San Dorligo della Valle and Muggia became part of Istria.

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Rilke Trail
wn.com/Rilke_Trail
Sagrado
Sagrado (in the local Bisiac dialect: Sagrà, Slovene: Zagraj) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Gorizia in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 35 km northwest of Trieste and about 13 km southwest of Gorizia.
Sagrado is nearby the Monte San Michele, the seat of fierce fightings between Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I.

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Sežana
Sežana is a town and a municipality in the Slovenian Littoral region of Slovenia, near the border with Italy. According to the census of 2008, it has a population of 12,470, of which around 5,332 live in the town of Sežana and the rest in the neighbouring rural areas.
Sežana is located about on the Kras plateau, 17 km from Trieste, Italy, and 80 km from Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia. A major border crossing between Slovenia and Italy used to be located in the village of Fernetti (Fernetiči) in the municipality of Monrupino, but border immigration and customs checks have been abolished since 21 December 2007, when Slovenia joined the Schengen zone. The first main town in Italy is Villa Opicina, which is also the first stop on the railway line on the Italian side.
Slavic tribes, ancestors of modern Slovenes, first settled the area in the late 6th century A.D. In the Middle Ages, the area belonged to the Duchy of Friuli and the Patriarchate of Aquileia, until it was conquered by the Counts of Gorizia in the 14th century. In 1500, it fell under the Habsburg dominion and it was included in the County of Gorizia and Gradisca.

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Sgonico
Sgonico (Slovene: Zgonik) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Trieste in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 12 km northwest of Trieste, on the border with Slovenia. As of 31 december 2004^[update], it had a population of 2,130 and an area of 31.3 km². According to the 1971 census, 81,6% of the population are Slovenes.
Sgonico borders the following municipalities: Duino-Aurisina, Monrupino, Sežana (Slovenia), Trieste.
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Sistiana
Sistiana (Slovene: Sesljan) is a village in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, in the far northeast of Italy near the Slovene border. It is a frazione of the comune of Duino-Aurisina.
The village lies north-west of Trieste, the provincial capital. The closest airport is located 7 nm west of Sistiana. Average altitude: 70 m above sea level. Sistiana is on time zone UTC +1 (+2DT).
The name is derived from the Latin Sextilianum, which may represent the first Roman settlement in the region of Trieste. A Roman villa has been discovered nearby, and the local quarries were exploited in the 2nd century AD.
There were border clashes in the 16th century between the lords of Duino and the city of Trieste.
Coordinates: 45°46′00″N 13°38′29″E / 45.7666667°N 13.64139°E / 45.7666667; 13.64139

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Slovenia
Slovenia (ⁱ/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə, Slovene: Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija]) is a Slavic nation state, situated in South-Central Europe, at the crossroad of main European cultural and trade routes. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Hungary to the northeast. It covers 20,273 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million. It is a parliamentary republic, member of the European Union and NATO. Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character. It is characterised by a high economic and social level. Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
The territory of Slovenia is mainly hilly or mountainous and has an exceptionally high landscape and biological diversity and a mosaic structure, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-lasting presence of humans. Four major European geographic units interweave here: the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea, and the Pannonian Plain. The climate is temperate and significantly influenced by the variety of territory, with a strong interaction of the continental climate, the sub-Mediterranean climate and Alpine climate across most of the country. The country is one of the water-richest in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest.

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Slovenian Littoral
The Slovenian Littoral (Slovene: Primorska, pronunciation (help·info); Italian: Litorale; German: Küstenland) is a traditional region of Slovenia. Its name recalls the historical Habsburg crown land of the Austrian Littoral, of which the Slovenian Littoral was a part.
The region comprises two traditional provinces: Goriška and Slovenian Istria. The Goriška region takes its name after the town of Gorizia (Gorica in Slovene), now in Italy. It comprises those areas of the former County of Gorizia and Gradisca that were assigned to Yugoslavia (Slovenia) after 1947, as well as the Vipava and Idrija municipalities. Slovenian Istria comprises the northern part of the Istria peninsula and provides, at the port of Koper, the country's only access to the sea.
During the period of Austrian rule, the region was known as the Austrian Littoral, and was divided into Istria, the Imperial Free City of Trieste, and the autonomous Crown Lands of Gorizia and Gradisca.
In 1918, the whole area was occupied by the Italian army. In 1920, it was officially annexed to Italy with the Treaty of Rapallo. Italianization, which began in the first years of Italian occupation, itensified after the Fascist takeover in 1922. A policy violent Fascist Italianization continued until 1943.

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Trieste
Trieste (/triːˈɛst/;Italian pronunciation: [triˈɛste] listen (help·info); Slovene: Trst, German: Triest) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures. In 2009, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trieste province.
Trieste was one of the oldest parts of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, it was the most important port of one of the Great Powers of Europe. As a prosperous seaport in the Mediterranean region, Trieste became the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (after Vienna, Budapest, and Prague). In the fin-de-siecle period, it emerged as an important hub for literature and music. However, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Trieste's union to Italy after World War I led to some decline of its "Mittel-European" cultural and commercial importance. Enjoying an economic revival during the 1930s and throughout the Cold War, Trieste was an important spot in the struggle between the Eastern and Western blocs. Today, the city is in one of the richest regions of Italy, and has been a great centre for shipping, through its port (Port of Trieste), shipbuilding and financial services.

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Udine
Udine listen (help·info) (Friulian: Udin, Slovene: Videm, German: Weiden, Latin: Utinum) is a city and comune in northeastern Italy, in the middle of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic sea and the Alps (Alpi Carniche), less than 40 km from the Slovenian border. Its population was 100,032 in 2012, and that of its urban area was 176,000.
Udine is the historical capital of Friuli. The area has been inhabited since the Neolithic age, and was later, most likely, settled by Illyrians.
Based on an old Hungarian legend, Attila (?–453), the great hun emperor built a hill there, when besieging Aquileia, because he needed a winter quarters billet: he instructed his soldiers to bring soil in their helmet and shield, because, the landscape was too flat, without any hill. He established the town there, and built a square-shape tower.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area increased in importance after the decline of Aquileia and afterwards of Cividale also. In 983 AD Udine is mentioned for the first time, with the donation of the Utinum castle by emperor Otto II to the Patriarchs of Aquileia, then the main feudal lords of the region. In 1223, with the foundation of the market, the city became finally the most important in the area for economy and trades, and also became the Patriarch's seat.

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Učka
The Učka is a mountain range (Croatian: Učka; Italian: Monte Maggiore) that rises behind Opatija riviera, on the Istrian peninsula, in northwestern Croatia. It forms a single morphological unit together with the Čičarija range which streches from the bay of Trieste to Rijeka. Učka is a limestone massif with numerous areas of karst, streching for 20 km from the Poklon Pass (920 m) to Plomin Bay, and is between 4 and 9 km wide.
It differs from all the other coastal mountains in Croatia because of its abundant vegetation on the seaward side. Best known are the forests of sweet chestnuts in the area around Lovran.
Učka's highest peaks are considered nature reserves and memorial areas. The highest peak, Vojak, is located at 1396 meters above sea level. From it there is a magnificent view over the whole of Istria, the Bay of Trieste, the Julian Alps and the Adriatic islands, right down to Dugi Otok.
The subject of a degree of local folklore, Učka is visible from much of the peninsula and is snow-capped some months of the year. The town of Opatija (Italian: Abbazia) is said to have derived its popularity as a resort in Imperial Austria because it is located "in the shade" of Mt. Učka, which by legend shields it from the fierce Mediterranean heat in summertime.

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Val Rosandra
Val Rosandra (Slovene: Dolina Glinščice) is a valley centered on the river with the same name (Slovene: Glinščica) in the municipality of Dolina in the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, between the city of Trieste and the border with Slovenia. It is also included into a natural park, mostly set around the river Rosandra and the surrounding hills reach an altitude of 412 metres. The northern end of the valley crosses the Italian-Slovenian border.
Views of the dramatic waterfall and the Church of Santa Maria (perched high in the hills of the valley) attract numerous tourists. The Val Rosandra is part of the Kras geographical region.
Coordinates: 45°36′59″N 13°52′47″E / 45.616343°N 13.879852°E / 45.616343; 13.879852

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Venice
Venice (Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] ( listen), Venetian: Venexia [veˈnɛsja]; (Latin: Venetia) is a city in northeast Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) (population 1,600,000).

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Vilenica Cave
Vilenica Cave or Vilenica Cave at Lokev (Slovene: Jama Vilenica pri Lokvi) is the oldest show cave in Europe. The first tourists to the cave were recorded in 1633. It is located next to the village of Lokev in the municipality of Sežana on the Karst Plateau in southwestern Slovenia. Until the mid-19th century it was known as the biggest, most beautiful, and most frequently visited cave of the Classical Karst. Later it was surpassed by Postojna Cave.
Vilenica Cave is more than 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) in length, with a depth of 180 m (590 ft), but tourists are only allowed into the first 450 m (1,480 ft) of the cave.
Since 1986, the annual international literary Vilenica Festival has taken place in the cave and in the towns and villages of the Karst and elsewhere. The event most commonly happens in the beginning of September. The central part of the festival is the conferral of the Vilenica Prize for literature by the Slovene Writers' Association. The award is bestowed in the cave's Plesna Hall (Plesna dvorana) on an author from Central Europe for his or her achievements in literary and essay writing. In 2010, the prize winner was the Bosnian writer, essayist, and literary critic Dževad Karahasan.

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Vipava Valley
The Vipava Valley (Slovene: Vipavska dolina, German: Wippachtal, Italian: Valle del Vipacco) is a valley located in the Slovenian Littoral, between the towns of Nova Gorica and Vipava.
It is a narrow valley, serving as the main passage between Friulian lowland and central Slovenia, and thus also an important corridor connecting Northern Italy to Central Europe. It is closed to the north by the high Trnovo Forest, and to the south by the Karst Plateau and the narrow Branica Valley, a geographical sub-unit of the Vipava Valley. It is named after the Vipava River. Its main urban center is Ajdovščina. Administratively, it is subdivided into the municipalities of Ajdovščina, Vipava, Nova Gorica, Renče-Vogrsko, and Miren-Kostanjevica. The municipality of Savogna d'Isonzo in the Province of Gorizia (Italy) is also located in the valley.
The Vipava Valley comprises five microregions:
The Lower Vipava Valley with the Gorizia Plain
Central Vipava Valley near Ajdovščina
The Upper Vipava Valley seen from the Nanos Plateau

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Škocjan Caves
Skocjan Caves is a cave system in Slovenia. Due to its exceptional significance, Škocjan Caves was entered on UNESCO’s list of natural and cultural world heritage sites in 1986. International scientific circles have thus acknowledged the importance of the caves as one of the natural treasures of planet Earth. Ranking among the most important caves in the world, Škocjan Caves represents the most significant underground phenomena in both the Karst region and Slovenia. Following its independence, the Republic of Slovenia committed itself to actively protecting the Škocjan Caves area; for this reason, it established the Škocjan Caves Regional Park, Slovenia and its Managing Authority, the Škocjan Caves Park Public Service Agency.
Škocjan Caves is, above all, a natural phenomenon of global significance, ranking side by side with the Grand Canyon, the Great Barrier Reef, the Galapagos Islands, Mount Everest, and others. Ranking among the most important caves in the world, Škocjan Caves represents the most significant underground phenomena in both the Karst region and Slovenia. Škocjan Caves was also entered on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance on 18 May 1999. Together with the underground stream of the Reka River, they represent one of the longest karst underground wetlands in Europe.

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Štanjel
Štanjel (Italian: San Daniele del Carso) is a village in the Municipality of Komen in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located on the Karst plateau overlooking the Vipava Valley. In the 17th century it was fortificated to defend it against Ottoman raids. It was heavily damaged during World War II and it has been slowly rebuilt since.
In the neighboring village of Kobdilj was born very famous architect Max Fabiani and the Roman Catholic bishop Anton Mahnič. The Slovene graphic artist Lojze Spacal lived in the village and an art gallery with a permanent collection of his work is in the castle. The Ferrari Garden is also a tourist attraction in Štanjel. It was created in the 1920s by Max Fabiani for his friend Enrico Ferrari and has been declared a natural park and national monument by the Government of Slovenia.
Because of its geographical location it has been an important settlement in the area since the iron age. The settlement itself began developing in the roman era, although gothic elements in architecture have also been preserved. The castle of Štanjel was built in the middle ages, its final reconstruction which remains up to this day was made at the end of the 17th century by the Counts of Cobenzl. The counts chosen the Parish Church of the Prophet Daniel, which was built in the 15th century as their burial vault. A smaller church dedicated to Saint Gregory was also built on the neighboring hill in the 15th century, where Maks Fabiani's grave is located. The Town walls that surround most of the village were also built in the 15th century to protect the settlement from the Ottoman raids.

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Alojz Gradnik
Alojz Gradnik (August 3, 1882 - July 14, 1967) was a Slovenian poet and translator.
Gradnik was born in the village of Medana in the Goriška Brda region, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is today in the Goriška province of Slovenia. His father was a Slovene from Trieste who came from a poor working family background, but created a considerable wealth by winemaking. His mother was an ethnic Friulian from the County of Gorizia and Gradisca. His younger brother Jožef later served as mayor of the village.
Gradnik attended the multilingual State Gymnasium in Gorizia. He lived in a student home run by the Catholic Church. Among his friends from this period were Avgust Žigon, who later became a renowned literary scholar, the Slovene writer Ivan Pregelj and the Friulian prelate Luigi Fogar, who later served as bishop of Trieste. After finishing high school, he went to study law in Vienna. After graduation in 1907, he served as a district judge in the Istrian city of Pula, in Gorizia and in other smaller towns throughout the Austrian Littoral. During this period, he was active in Slovene and Croat cultural and political associations. Between 1913 and 1915, he frequented the intellectual circles of young Slovene national-liberals in Gorizia. Among his friends from the period were Andrej Gabršček, the leader of the National Progressive Party in Gorizia and Gradisca, the young historian and jurist Bogumil Vošnjak and the lawyers Dinko Puc and Drago Marušič, who all later became prominent liberal politicians in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

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Alojz Rebula
Alojz Rebula (born 21 June 1924) is a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist and translator, who lives and works in the Province of Trieste, Italy. He is a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Rebula was born in the Slovene-inhabited village of San Pelagio (Slovene: Šempolaj) near Duino, in what was then the Kingdom of Italy. Because of anti-Slav Italianization policies of the Fascist regime, Rebula could not have an education in his native language. He attended Italian language schools, where he became acquainted with Italian culture and literature. He went to the prestigious gymnasium of Gorizia and later the lyceum in Udine, which he finished in 1944. After the end of World War II, he moved to Yugoslavia. He studied classical philology at the University in Ljubljana, from where he graduated in 1949. In 1951, he moved back to Italy because of the pressures of the Communist regime. In 1956, he was banned from entering Yugoslavia because of his political opposition to the Communist system. In 1960 Rebula obtained his PhD from the University of Rome with the thesis Dante's Divine Comedy in Slovene Translations. The same year the authorities prohibited him from entering Yugoslavia for a second time, because he had publicly protested in Trieste newspapers against the suppression of the publication of the novel Listina ("The Document") by Edvard Kocbek in Slovenia.

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Anton Mahnič
Dr. Anton Mahnič, also spelled as Antun Mahnić in Croatian ortography (14 September 1850 – 30 December 1920), was a Slovene and Croatian Roman Catholic bishop, theologian and philosopher, founder and the main leader of the Croatian Catholic movement.
He was born in Kobdilj near Štanjel in the Austrian County of Gorizia and Gradisca (in today's Slovenia). He finished theological studies in Vienna and then he worked as a priest and a teacher in Gorizia. During this period, he became actively involved in the Slovene political life, criticising the liberal and liberal Catholic current within the Slovene national movement.
In 1896, he became a bishop of Krk (Croatia).
Very soon in his bishopric he initiates many religious societies and activities, and starts with a Catholic publishing, from which the most important were magazine for Christian philosophy called Hrvatska straža. In the same time he initiates founding student catholic magazines and societies all over the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. He wrote many articles and works from theological, philosophical, esthetical and political area. Later Mahnić initiates Pius society, which fruit was week newspaper Jutro. Later all of these groups of Catholic intellectuals, gathered around these papers, joined together in one unique movement (for more see the article Croatian Catholic movement) before the First World War. After the War, he was persecuted during the Italian occupation, so he went to Zagreb, where he died.

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Avgust Černigoj
Avgust Černigoj, also known in Italian as Augusto Cernigoi (August 24, 1898, – November 17, 1985) was a Slovenian / Yugoslavian painter, known for his avant-garde experiments in Constructivism.
He was born in Trieste, to a Slovenian family, in what was then part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He finished Secondary School of Arts and Crafts in Trieste, continuing his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. Later on, he attended the Bauhaus school of crafts and fine arts in Weimar, which had a profound impact on his development as an artist, having come into contact with Abstraction, the Russian avant-garde and particularly Constructivism through the works and teachings of Wassily Kandinsky, who brought it from Russia.
He returned to Yugoslavia, where he became friends with the avant-garde poet Srečko Kosovel. In 1924, he helped with the mounting of the first Constructivist exhibition in Yugoslavia, held in the premises of the Secondary Technical School in Ljubljana. The exhibits included architectural models, reliefs and sculptures, as well as parts of machines, overalls and politically artistic slogans. This exhibition has now been partially re-constructed as part of the new displays at the re-built Moderna Galerija in Ljubljana.

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Bogomir Magajna
Bogomir Magajna (January 13, 1904 – March 27, 1963) was a Slovene writer and psychiatrist.
Magajna was born in 1904 into a farming family in Gornje Vreme near Divača in what was then the Austrian Littoral. He began his schooling in Vremski Britof and was later sent to the Collegium Marianum (Marijanišče), Catholic boarding-school in Ljubljana. This is where he began to write. After finishing secondary schooling he studied medicine in Ljubljana and Zagreb and specialised in psychiatry. He worked in the psychiatric hospital in Ljubljana for most of his career, though he also worked for short periods in Logatec and Sarajevo. During this period, he became active in the circle of young Catholic and Christian Socialist intellectuals, who gathered around the journal Križ na gori. He became a friend of prominent artists and intellectuals, such as Edvard Kocbek and Božo Vodušek, Miran Jarc and Rajko Ložar. He was also a close friend and advisor to the avant-garde poet Srečko Kosovel.
During the Second World War, he was interned in an Italian concentration camp for a while and then joined the partisans where he worked as a doctor and also edited the Partisan Medical Journal. After the war he returned to work in the hospital in Ljubljana. He lectured in various towns around Slovenia. He died in Ljubljana. The Bogomir Magajna Primary School in Divača is named after him.

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Branka Jurca
Branka Jurca (24 May 1914 – 6 March 1999) was a Slovene writer, best known for her work for children and young adults.
Jurca was born in Kopriva in the Karst region of what is now Slovenia in 1914. After the First World War the family moved to Maribor where she grew up. She worked as a teacher until the outbreak of the Second World War when she moved to Ljubljana. She participated in the Slovene Liberation Front but was arrested and sent to Gonars concentration camp and then Ravensbrück concentration camp. After the end of the war ahe worked as teacher for a while and then editor of the children's journal Ciciban. She wrote 35 stories for children, novels anc collections of short stories. She died in Ljubljana in 1999.
She won the Levstik Award twice, in 1960 for Okoli in okoli (Round and Round) and in 1966 for Vohljači in prepovedane skrivnosti (The Snoopers and Forbidden Secrets).
She was married to the writer and playwiight Ivan Potrč and their daughter Marjetica Potrč is an award winning architect.

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Ciril Zlobec
Ciril Zlobec (born 4 July 1925) is a Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and former politician. He is best known for his poems and has published several volumes of poetry. In 1990 he became a member of the Presidency of Slovenia at a critical time for Slovene independence.
Zlobec was born in 1925 in the village of Ponikve on the Kras Plateau in what was then the Julian March region of the Kingdom of Italy. He attended school in Gorizia and Koper. He was expelled from school in 1941 for writing poetry in Slovene language, the use of which was strictly forbidden under the policies of Fascist Italianization. During the Second World War he was an activist for the Slovene Liberation Front and briefly joined the Partisans. After the war he completed his studies and graduated at the University of Ljubljana in 1953. He worked as a journalist and translator, publishing numerous collections of poetry as well as two novels. In 1989 he was made a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

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Danilo Dolci
Danilo Dolci (June 28, 1924 – December 30, 1997) was an Italian social activist, sociologist, popular educator and poet. He is best known for his opposition to poverty, social exclusion and the Mafia on Sicily, and is considered to be one of the protagonists of the non-violence movement in Italy. He became known as the "Gandhi of Sicily".
In the 1950s and 1960s, Dolci published a series of books (notably, in their English translations, To Feed the Hungry, 1955, and Waste, 1960) that stunned the outside world with their emotional force and the detail with which he depicted the desperate conditions of the Sicilian countryside and the power of the Mafia. Dolci became almost a cult hero-figure in Northern Europe and the United States. Young people idolised him and committees were formed to raise funds for his work.
In 1958 he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize, despite being an explicit non-Communist. He was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), which in 1947 received the Nobel Peace Prize along with the British Friends Service Council, now called Quaker Peace and Social Witness, on behalf of all Quakers worldwide. Among those who publicly voiced support for his efforts were Carlo Levi, Erich Fromm, Bertrand Russell, Jean Piaget, Aldous Huxley, Jean-Paul Sartre and Ernst Bloch. In Sicily, Leonardo Sciascia advocated many of his ideas. In the United States his proto-Christian idealism was absurdly confused with Communism.

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Edvard Kocbek
Edvard Kocbek ( pronunciation (help·info)) (27 September 1904–3 November 1981) was a Slovenian poet, writer, essayist, translator, political activist, and resistance fighter. He is considered as one of the best authors who have written in Slovene, and one of the best Slovene poets after Prešeren. His political role during and after World War II made him one of the most controversial figures in Slovenia in the 20th century.
Kocbek was born in the village of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici in the Duchy of Styria, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now in Slovenia. His father Valentin Kocbek was originally from the nearby Slovenske gorice area, while his mother Matilda, née Plohl was from the neighboring village of Sveti Tomaž in the Prlekija Hills. The couple moved to Sveti Jurij, where Valentin Kocbek worked as an organist in the local Roman Catholic church. Edvard was the second of four children.
He attended the German-language high school in Maribor, where he witnessed with enthusiasm the takeover of the town by the Slovene volunteers led by general Rudolf Maister. He later switched to the Slovene language high school in Ptuj. During his stay in Ptuj, he befriended the later editor and priest Stanko Cajnkar and dramatist Ivan Mrak. His Slovene language teacher was Anton Sovre, the most prominent classical philologist and translator from Greek in Slovenia between the two world wars. Sovre was the first to discover Kocbek's literary talent and encourage him to write and to participate in the dramatic circle. He also developed an early passion for French language and culture. During the same period, he became active in the Catholic athletic club Orel.

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Fulvio Tomizza
Fulvio Tomizza (January 26, 1935 - May 21, 1999) was an Italian language writer. He was born in Giurizzani in Kingdom of Italy (now in Croatia).
In 1955 Tomizza moved to Trieste and his career as a writer took place there. Although he did write a trilogy about his native Istria.

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Igo Gruden
Igo Gruden (18 April 1893 - 29 November 1948) was a Slovene poet and translator.
He was born as Ignacij Gruden in the small fishermen village of Nabrežina (Italian: Aurisina) near Trieste, then part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Gorizia and Gradisca (now in Italy) as first of ten children of Franc Gruden and Justina Košuta. He attended high schools in Trieste and Gorizia, and then studied law in Vienna and Graz. During World War I, he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army and fought in the Battles of the Isonzo, where he was seriously injured. After the war, he continued his studies in Prague, graduating in 1921. The same year, he moved to Ljubljana, then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, where he practiced law.
In the 1920s and 1930s, he was active in spreading the anti-Fascist sentiment among Slovene intellectuals. In 1922, he was arrested by the Italian authorities while visiting his native village, which was then under Italian jurisdiction. He was released after the intervention of the Yugoslav authorities. In Ljubljana, Gruden soon became part of the local left liberal intellectual circles. He collaborated with renowned journals such as Ljubljanski zvon and Sodobnost, and frequented authors such as Josip Vidmar, Juš Kozak, Ferdo Kozak, Fran Albreht, Stanko Leben, Lojze Ude and Anton Vodnik.

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Igor Torkar
Igor Torkar was the pen name of Boris Fakin (13 October 1913 - 1 January 2004) was a Slovenian writer, playwright and poet, best known for his literary descriptions of Communist repression in Yugoslavia after World War II.
He was born in a Slovene family in the village of Kostanjevica na Krasu, then part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Gorizia and Gradisca, now in Slovenia. He attended the prestigious Poljane Grammar School in Ljubljana. He was the classmate of Boris Kraigher, who later became an influential Communist politician, while his professors included the literary historian France Koblar, the writer Juš Kozak and the painter Božidar Jakac.
In 1932, he enrolled to the University of Ljubljana, where he studied law. He never completed his studies. He was member of several left wing student groups which advocated the autonomy of Slovenia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the democratization of the country. Among other, he led a student association that successfully fought for the construction of a new university library building in Ljubljana.

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Istria
Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Čakavian: Istrija, Jistra, Croatian pronunciation: [îstra]; Italian: Istria; Istriot: Eîstria; German: Istrien; Hungarian: Isztria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.
The geographical features of Istria include the Učka mountain ridge, which is the highest portion of the Ćićarija mountain range; the rivers Dragonja, Mirna, Pazinčica, and Raša; and the Lim bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (89%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being Istria County in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include Pula, Poreč, Rovinj, Pazin, Labin, Umag, Motovun, Buzet, and Buje. Smaller towns in Istria County include Višnjan, Roč, and Hum.
The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it is known as Slovenian Istria, and includes the coastal municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper, and the Karstic municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina. Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy. This smallest portion of Istria consists of the comunes of Muggia and San Dorligo della Valle.

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Ita Rina
Italina Lida "Ida" Kravanja (7 July 1907 – 10 May 1979), known under her pseudonym Ita Rina, was a Yugoslav film actress and beauty queen. She was one of the major film stars in Germany and Czechoslovakia in late 1920s and early 1930. Rina retired from her career shortly after her wedding in 1931, when she changed her religion from Roman Catholic to Serbian Orthodox and her name to Tamara Đorđević.
Ita Rina was born on 7 July 1907 in the small town of Divača (then Austro-Hungarian Empire, later Yugoslavia, now Slovenia) as Italina Lida Kravanja. She was called Ida Kravanja for short. The first daughter of Jožef and Marija Kravanja, Rina had a younger sister Danica. Shortly after the outbreak of the World War I, the family moved to Ljubljana, where Rina matriculated in 1923. She was not a good student; she repeated the third grade of elementary school. However, her dream was to be an actress.
In October 1926, Slavic People magazine organized a beauty pagent for national election for Yugoslav representer at Miss Europe, and Rina entered the competition. She was crowned Miss Slovenia and should travel to the final event for Miss Yugoslavia, which was supposed to be held on 20 December 1926 in Zagreb. However, her mother did not want to let her go to Zagreb. After the group visit of Slovenian delegation, Marija Kravanja slacked. Unfortunately, when Rina arrived in Zagreb, the jury was already choosing the most beautiful of three finalists. She was, however, noticed by Alfred Miller, the owner of Balkan Palace cinema in Zagreb. He immediately sent her photographs to German film producer Peter Ostermayer. As her mother did not want to let her go to Berlin, Rina ran away from home.

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Italians
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.

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Italo Svevo
Aron Ettore Schmitz (December 19, 1861 – September 13, 1928), better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian writer and businessman, author of novels, plays, and short stories.
Born in Trieste (then in Austria-Hungary) as Hektor Aaron Schmitz to a Jewish family that originated in Germany, Italo Svevo (literally Italian swabian) wrote the classic novel La Coscienza di Zeno (rendered as Confessions of Zeno, or Zeno's Conscience) and self-published it in 1923. The work, showing the author's interest in the theories of Sigmund Freud, is written in the form of the memoirs of one Zeno Cosini, who writes them at the insistence of his psychoanalyst. Schmitz's novel received almost no attention from Italian readers and critics at the time.
The work might have disappeared altogether if it were not for the efforts of James Joyce. Joyce had met Schmitz in 1907, when Joyce tutored him in English while working for Berlitz in Trieste. Joyce read Schmitz's earlier novel Senilità, which had also been largely ignored when published in 1898.

wn.com/Italo_Svevo
Jan Cvitkovič
Jan Cvitkovič (born 1966) is a critically acclaimed Slovenian film director, screenwriter and actor. As of April 2007 he has already won a total of 12 awards and 3 nominations at various film festivals for his work, including the San Sebastian Film Festival and the Venice Film Festival.
After one year he dropped the study of physics. He then travelled through Israel, Egypt, and Eastern Africa. When he returned, he started studying archaeology and he took a diploma in 1999. Since then he became interested in directing films.

wn.com/Jan_Cvitkovič
Josip Ferfolja
Josip Ferfolja (27 September 1880 – 11 December 1958) was a Slovene lawyer and Social democratic politician, and human rights activist from the Province of Gorizia. Although he was an Italian citizen for most of his life, he considered himself foremost a Slovenian.
He was born in the village of Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob) in what was then the Austro-Hungarian County of Gorizia and Gradisca (now part of the Italian Province of Gorizia). He attended high school in Gorizia, an important Slovene educational centre at the time; Ferfolja's school friends included historian Bogumil Vošnjak, economist Milko Brezigar, poet Alojz Gradnik, writer Ivan Pregelj, literary historian Avgust Žigon, and the prelate Luigi Fogar.
In 1901, he moved to Prague, where he studied law at the Charles University. There, he joined a group of Slovene students that had become influenced by the thought of Tomáš Masaryk, professor of philosophy, and later president of Czechoslovakia. The group, which included figures like Dragotin Lončar, Anton Dermota, Anton Kristan, and Ivan Žmavc, advocated a moderate reformist politics, based on a realistic analysis of social relations; their views were in many ways similar to the Fabian Society in contemporary Britain.

wn.com/Josip_Ferfolja
Josip Osti
Josip Osti (born 19 March, 1945) is a Bosnian poet, prose writer and essayist, literary critic, anthologist and translator.
Osti was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Sarajevo. He was the editor of the culture part of the student magazine Naši dani, editor at the publishing house Veselin Masleša, Secretary of the Literature Society of the City of Sarajevo and Director of the international literary festival Sarajevo Days of Poetry, Secretary of the Writers’ Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina, President of the Association of Literary Translators of Bosnia and Herzegovina and proof-reader/corrector of the publishing house Svijetlost.
Since 1990, Osti has been living in Slovenia, first in Ljubljana and currently in the village of Tomaj in the Kras region, where he works as a freelance writer.
Osti has published some twenty books of poetry (last four were written in Slovene), three books of prose, twelve books of essays, literary criticism and journalistic texts, as well as the book of conversations with Izet Sarajlić and the book of correspondence with Biljana Jovanović.

wn.com/Josip_Osti
Majda Širca
Majda Širca Ravnikar (born 20 April 1953) is a Slovenian art historian, journalist and politician. She is currently serving as Minister of Culture in the left-wing government of Borut Pahor.
She was born in Postojna, then part of the People's Republic of Slovenia of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. She spent her youth in the Karst region in western Slovenia. She attended elementary school in Štanjel and Dutovlje, and high school in Postojna. She has a degree in art history from the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana. She worked as a journalist at Slovenian State Television in cultural programming, especially dealing with art film. During this time, she produced more than 60 short documentary films.
In 1997, she was appointed State Secretary at the Ministry of Culture under Jožef Školč. In the 2000 parliamentary elections, she was elected to the Slovenian National Assembly on the list of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. She was re-elected in 2004. During the centre-right government of Janez Janša between 2004 and 2008, she emerged as the main opposition speaker in culture and media policy, strongly criticizing conservative Minister of Culture Vasko Simoniti. The two developed a personal animosity, which was well known to the public.

wn.com/Majda_Širca
Marjan Rožanc
Marjan Rožanc (21 November 1930 – 18 September 1990) was a Slovenian author, playwright and journalist. He is mostly known for his essays, and is considered one of the foremost essayists in the Slovene language, along with Ivan Cankar, Jože Javoršek and Drago Jančar, and as a great master of style.
He was born in a working-class suborb of Polje in Ljubljana, Slovenia (then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). He attended high school during World War Two, when the Province of Ljubljana was occupied by Italian troops. After the war, he shortly worked as a manual worker. In 1950, he was drafted in the Yugoslav People's Army, serving in Požarevac, Serbia. Because of his non-comformist attitudes, he was accused of "hostile propaganda" against the Communist regime, and sentenced to three and a half years in prison. He was released in 1955, and returned to Slovenia.
He settled in Maribor, where he started a career as a journalist. In the early 1950s, he moved back to Ljubljana, where he took up a career as a freelance writer and columnist. He became involved in a circle of young intellectuals known as the Critical generation. He also became a close friend of the Christian Socialist poet Edvard Kocbek and the existentialist playwright Dominik Smole. In third period, he grew closer to Christian ideals, especially through the influence of Christian existentialist thinkers such as Søren Kierkegaard and Miguel de Unamuno.

wn.com/Marjan_Rožanc
Max Fabiani
Max Fabiani, (29 April 1865 – 18 August 1962) was a Slovene-Italian architect from the Gorizia region. Together with Ciril Metod Koch, he introduced the Vienna Secession style of architecture (a type of Art Nouveau) in the Slovene Lands.
He was born as Maximilian Fabiani in a family of Furlan origin in the village of Kobdilj near Štanjel on the Kras plateau, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian province of Gorizia and Gradisca (now in Slovenia). His father was a farmer and his mother was of an aristocratic family of Tyrolean origin from Trieste. His was a wealthy family which could afford to provide a good education for the children. He grew up in a cosmopolitan trilingual environment: besides Italian, the language of his family, and Slovene, the language of his social environment, he learned German at a very young age.
He attended elementary school in Kobdilj in his father's house, and the German language Realschule in Ljubljana, then moved to Vienna, where he attended architecture courses at the Vienna University of Technology. After earning his diploma in 1889, a scholarship enabled him to travel for three years (1892–1894) to Asia Minor and through most of Europe. When he returned to Vienna, he joined the studio of the architect Otto Wagner on Wagner's personal invitation, and stayed there until the end of the century. During this period he did not only concentrate his interests on design, but also cultivated his vocation as town planner and passionately devoted himself to teaching.

wn.com/Max_Fabiani
Milko Brezigar
Milko Brezigar (6 October 1886 – 25 April 1958) was a Slovene and Yugoslav liberal economist.
Born to a Slovene family the village of Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob) in the Austrian Littoral (now part of Italy), he attended the State gymnasium in Gorizia. He studied law at the universities of Graz and Vienna, graduating in 1910. In 1911, he started publishing articles on economic policies and economic theory. In 1914, he became the editor of the econimic section of the prestigious Viennese newspaper Reichspost.
During World War I, Brezigar maintained close contacts with the Yugoslav Committee through his friend, the Slovene émigré Bogomil Vošnjak; together with Janko Hacin, Brezigar was among the organizers of a secret network which made espionage on behalf of the Entente against the Austro-Hungarian Empire
After the establishment of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in October 1918, he moved to Ljubljana. In 1919, he was member of the Yugoslav delegation at the Versailles conference. In the same period, he joined the Yugoslav Democratic Party, and was elected member of the Temporary Representative Assembly. As a close collaborator of the Slovenian liberal leader Gregor Žerjav, Brezigar was influential in composing the Democratic Party's economic program, which was based on economic liberalism, but favoured state economic protectionism against foreign capital. In this period, he published his most important work, An Outline of the Slovenian National Economy (1918).

wn.com/Milko_Brezigar
Rainer Maria Rilke
René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnɐ maˈʁiːa ˈʁɪlkə]; 4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926), better known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was a Bohemian-Austrian poet. He is considered one of the most significant poets in the German language. His haunting images focus on the difficulty of communion with the ineffable in an age of disbelief, solitude, and profound anxiety: themes that tend to position him as a transitional figure between the traditional and the modernist poets.
He wrote in both verse and a highly lyrical prose. Among English-language readers, his best-known work is the Duino Elegies; his two most famous prose works are the Letters to a Young Poet and the semi-autobiographical Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge. He also wrote more than 400 poems in French, dedicated to his homeland of choice, the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

wn.com/Rainer_Maria_Rilke
Scipio Slataper
Scipio Slataper (14 July 1888 - 3 December 1915) was an Italian language writer from Trieste, most famous for his lyrical essay My Karst. He is considered, alongside Italo Svevo, as the initiator of the prolific tradition of Italian literature in Trieste.
He was born to a relatively wealthy middle class family the city of Trieste, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (today in Italy). His family was of Slavic origin (mostly Slovenes from Goriška), but had assimilated to the Venetian-speaking urban environment of Trieste. After completing his high school studies in the native city, he moved to Florence in Italy, where he studied Italian philology. In Florence, he collaborated to the literary journal La Voce, edited by Giuseppe Prezzolini and Giovanni Papini. During his stay in Florence, he started writing essays and articles on the literary and cultural situation in Trieste. He maintained a close contact with his native city, collaborating both with young Italian intellectuals from the Austrian Littoral, both those who lived in Italy and those who remained in their native region. Slataper's circle included the journalist and critic Giulio Caprin, author Giani Stuparich, his wife Elody Oblath and his brother Carlo Stuparich, the emerging literary critic Silvio Benco, and poets Umberto Saba, Virgilio Giotti and Biagio Marin.

wn.com/Scipio_Slataper
Slovenes
The Slovenes, Slovene people, Slovenians, or Slovenian people (Slovene Slovenci, dual Slovenca, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenke, dual Slovenki, singular Slovenka), living primarily in Slovenia in South-Central Europe, are the northernmost South Slavic people. The language the Slovenes speak is Slovene, a South Slavic language with significant similarities to the West Slavic languages. Recognised Slovene minorities are present in Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, and there are significant Slovene expatriate communities in the United States and Canada, the European countries, Argentina, and Australia.
Most Slovenes today live within the borders of the independent Slovenia (2,007,711 est. 2008). There are autochthonous Slovene minorities in northeastern parts of Italy (estimated at 83,000 – 100,000), southern Austria (24,855), Croatia (13,200) and Hungary (3,180). Slovenes are recognized as national minorities in all four countries with which Slovenia shares a land border (Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy).

wn.com/Slovenes
Srečko Kosovel
Srečko Kosovel ( pronunciation (help·info)) (18 March 1904 – 26 May 1926) was a Slovene expressionist poet who evolved towards avant-garde forms. Since the 1960s, Kosovel has become a poetic icon, in the league of the most prestigious Slovene literates like France Prešeren and Ivan Cankar. Alongside Edvard Kocbek, he is considered as the most important Slovene poet of the post-World War I period. He produced an impressive body of work of more than 1000 poems with a quality regarded as unusually high for his age. Most of his works were published almost four decades after his early death.
Kosovel was born in 1904 to Anton and Katarina Kosovel (née Streš) in Sežana, a town in the Kras region of the County of Gorizia and Gradisca, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His mother, descendant of a wealthy Slovene family from Trieste, was 40 years old at the time of his birth. His father was a local teacher and a choir leader from the Vipava Valley. Srečko was the youngest of five children; he had a brother and three sisters. Srečko and his family lived in the nearby village of Tomaj until 1924.

wn.com/Srečko_Kosovel
Susanna Tamaro
Susanna Tamaro (born 12 December 1957) is an Italian novelist. She has also worked as a scientific documentarist and movie maker direction assistant.
Susanna Tamaro was born in a family of middle class. Her mother is Italo Svevo's relative.
In 1976, Tamaro obtained a diploma with teacher, and she registered with the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, an Italian school of cinema. She obtained a diploma in direction.
In 1978, she wrote a first stories and in 1981 she wrote a first novel: Illmitz, declined by editors and now unpublished.
In 1980s she collaborated with RAI, a public Italian television. She was not employed by Rai Tre, because her diploma in direction not recognised as a degree.
In 1989, her novel La testa fra le nuvole (Head in Clouds) was published by Marsilio Editor. She fell ill with asthmatic bronchitis and she was forced to move from Rome to Orvieto, in Umbria. Her successful second novel Per voce sola (Just For One Voice) (1991) won the International PEN price and was translated into several languages.

wn.com/Susanna_Tamaro
Taras Kermauner
Taras Kermauner (13 April 1930 – 11 June 2008) was a Slovenian literary historian, critic, philosopher, essayist, playwright and translator.
Taras Kermauner was born in Ljubljana as the son of the Slovene communist politician and intellectual Dušan Kermauner. His younger brother was Aleš Kermauner, a poet and avantguarde artist. Taras attended the Ljubljana Classical Lyceum and later studied philosophy at the University of Ljubljana, where he graduated in 1954. Between 1957 and 1958 he studied in Paris under the supervision of Henri Lefebvre.
During his college years, Kermauner started collaborating with a group of Slovene intellectuals and artists who became known as the Critical generation. They published several magazines, such as Revija 57 and Perspektive, which challenged the cultural policies of the Titoist system in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Among Kermauner's closest collaborators during this period were the writer and playwright Dominik Smole, poet Dane Zajc, essayist and playwright Primož Kozak, literary historian Janko Kos, and sociologist and dissident Jože Pučnik.

wn.com/Taras_Kermauner

Extremely low start of IL-86 Kras Air in Tivat

Extremely low start of IL-86 Kras Air in the old colors of the Trans European Airlines in ...

published: 16 Dec 2010

author: TivatCZ

Kras Air Tupolev Tu-204-100

RA-64018...

published: 16 Sep 2006

author: Rui Santos

ONK motorcross Mill 2011 - Mike Kras vs Petar Petrov

Petar Petrov weet in de laatste wedstrijd in het ONK motorcros MX2 de derde plek weg te ka...

published: 05 Nov 2011

author: FMFsupermoto

goran inzebat kras rash

kurdish music ,kurdi,hawler,slemania kordi duhok zaxo halparke...

published: 28 Sep 2007

author: heyylin

Nori Barikay - kras rash

kurdish music...

published: 21 Oct 2007

author: salahkurds

kamal mohamad. kras katan. SOZ kurdsat.2011

kamal mohamad. kras katan. SOZ kurdsat.2011...

published: 02 Jan 2011

author: dleer rasul

Aziz Waisi 2011 - new clip kras rash

Aziz Waisi 2011 - new clip kras rash...

published: 12 Sep 2011

author: Darrya91

Goran Inzebat-day kras rash

video clip von kake goran inzebat...

published: 12 Jan 2007

author: bokan36

Tahir Tofiq - Kras Zerde

This video belongs to: 7awty3 (which have deleted her/his account)....

published: 31 Dec 2009

author: zirak93

Baxtyar Salh 2011 Kras Rash Baxtiyar Salh By Rozhgar.Net

like bka tkaya www.facebook.com click Lera Bka www.rozhgar.netBest Kurdish Music Alan jama...

published: 25 Jan 2011

author: RozhgarNet

Goran - kras Rash

Goran inziban gorani kras resh www.aramshad.com...

published: 13 Feb 2007

author: aramshad

KIKI KRAS

...

published: 10 Mar 2009

author: mojnoa

KRAS SIP Home

SIP Panel Home For You...

published: 16 Mar 2008

author: SIBPOLIMET

Kurdish Saz (Kras Zerd)

Meriwan Sherwani & Ferman Sherwani playing couple of kurdish songs.... Enjoy...

published: 27 Feb 2011

author: hawleri1992

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photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Spc. Jacob Bobbe, security force team member for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, maintains security on the street during a key leader engagement in the Lash-e Juwayn district of Farah province, Afghanistan, Dec. 11 2012.

Imperial Lockstep

CounterPunch

27 Dec 2012

Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)

photo: WN / Janice Sabnal

Six dead as winter snowstorms pound US

Zeenews

27 Dec 2012

Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary

Supporters of Pakistan's slain leader Benazir Bhutto, stand beside her portrait after lighting earth lamps at a ceremony to mark the second anniversary of her death

Pakistan marks fifth anniversary of Benazir Bhutto murder

BBC News

27 Dec 2012

Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / Ben Curtis

In this Sunday, April 29, 2012 file photo, troops from the Central African Republic stand guard at a building used for joint meetings between them and U.S. Army special forces, in Obo, Central African Republic, where U.S. special forces have paired up with local troops and Ugandan soldiers to seek out Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).

CAR seeks foreign help against rebels

Al Jazeera

28 Dec 2012

The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)

photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File

FILE - In this Saturday, Dec. 22, 2012 file photo, an elderly Egyptian man shows his inked finger after casting his vote on the second round of a referendum on a disputed constitution drafted by Islamist supporters of President Mohammed Morsi in Fayoum, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) south of Cairo , Egypt.

Egypt constitution passes, economic crunch looms

The Salt Lake Tribune

26 Dec 2012

Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)

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KRAS, Japanese company to make automotive steel

Jakarta Post

28 Dec 2012

The country’s largest steel maker PT Krakatau Steel (KRAS) and its Japanese partner will set up a new factory to produce cold-rolled coil (CRC) and galvanized CRC to meet the steel demand from the country’s fast-growing automotive industry ... KRAS will have a 49 percent stake in the joint venture, while NSSMC will control the remaining 51 percent. The new company will built its factory in KRAS’ industrial estate in Cilegon, Banten....(size: 6.4Kb)

Sebi extends bid deadline for verification job in Sahara case

The Times of India

24 Dec 2012

Market watchdog Sebi has extended the deadline for the second time for submission of bids by public sector banks and KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs) to conduct "in-person verification" of investors in the high-profile Sahara case ... Sebi had first floated this tender on November 2 and had asked the public sector banks and KRAs to submit their applications by November 22....(size: 2.7Kb)

Biotech Portfolio Update: 2012 Summary And 2013 Outlook

Seeking Alpha

24 Dec 2012

In the last post of the year, I will try to provide a status update as well as key 2013 milestones for the stocks in our portfolio ... Seattle Genetics ... (click to enlarge) ... Nat ... The drug led to 2 objective responses (KRAS+ lung cancer and breast cancer) in a phase I among 45 evaluable patients ... Debiopharm's Debio 0932 is an earlier stage compound, which had anecdotal activity in 2 patients (KRAS+ lung cancer and breast cancer) in phase I ... ....(size: 22.6Kb)

Stock Watch Thursday, 20 December

Seeking Alpha

20 Dec 2012

Here we go - a reversal of tone in the fiscal cliff negotiations ... Newsmakers. ... Earnings. ... TrovaGene has developed a line of diagnostic technology that may identify specific markers for various cancer types through simple urine tests and some of those tests are nearing the commercial stages, the first of which - a diagnostic able to detect KRAS mutations through urine samples - is expected to reach that milestone this coming January ... ....(size: 16.9Kb)

PSV reach quarter finals after 0-4 win at Rijnsburgse Boys (PSV NV)

noodls

19 Dec 2012

Goals 4 Manolev 22 Matavz 26 Matavz 64 Strootman Cards Van Bochoven Line-ups Goal Van der Meer Defense Van Beuningen Kolder Kras Strooker Midfield Van den Boogaart Bart Freke Van der Vijver Attack Gootjes Schet Van Bochoven Waterman Derijck Manolev Wijnaldum Matavz Zanka Jørgensen Strootman Narsingh Vukovic Depay Van Ooijen Substitutes 58 Sardar ......(size: 8.1Kb)

This Week's Biotech Summary (December 16-21, 2012)

Seeking Alpha

19 Dec 2012

Here's a quick look inside a number of biotech players that have seen serious action recently, or that are due for a closer look in the near term. (TROV). Stock in TrovaGene Inc ... That's a full 25% higher than they were trading just three short sessions ago (see chart below) ... The upcoming launch of the company's diagnostic for KRAS mutations, which offers advance warning on potential pancreatic carcinomas, is set for this January ... (ALXA) ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)

ArQule: A Strong Speculation BioPharma Poised For A Quick Move Up On Near Term Catalyst

Seeking Alpha

19 Dec 2012

ArQule (NASDAQ. ARQL) engages in the research and development of cancer therapeutics directed toward molecular targets and biological processes ... It has partnership agreement with Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd ... 1.33 ... 1.70M ... The data release will estimate the difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between the study and control arms in subjects with CRC with wild-type KRAS who have received front-line therapy....(size: 11.4Kb)

Strong Small Cap Biopharma Catalyst Trades And Investments For Consideration

Seeking Alpha

18 Dec 2012

Trading biophama stocks before a catalyst event, if done correctly, can be a very profitable proposition. Some traders and investors who enjoy bringing more risk into play oftentimes will hold through the actual catalyst event ... ArQule Inc. (ARQL) ... The data release will estimate the difference in progression-free survival between the study and control arms in subjects with CRC with wild-type KRAS who have received front-line therapy ... 30+ ... ....(size: 12.7Kb)

Do looks matter at workplace?

The Times of India

17 Dec 2012

Is beauty really skin deep? Guess, not anymore. With an international survey, done a while back, suggesting that beautiful people are paid better than their not-so-well endowed counterparts, we wonder if looks and beauty held high grounds within the Indian corporates as well ... I don't think this logic would apply to any professional company, for in KRAs, all performance data is in black and white." ... arunima.srivastava@indiatimes.co.in. ....(size: 3.5Kb)

Weekly Stock Watch, Week Of 17 December

Seeking Alpha

17 Dec 2012

Another factor that could come into play for the remainder of the year is capital gains selling ... So, it's all eyes on Washington, with little distractions ... The White House is still standing fast ... Newsmakers. ... Multiple of the company's diagnostics are slated for commercialization in 2013, the first of which - a diagnostic able to detect KRAS mutations through urine samples - is expected achieve that milestone this coming January ... Roundup ... ....(size: 14.1Kb)

Study confirms prognostic value of new IASLC/ATS/ERS adenocarcinoma sub-classification

PhysOrg

15 Dec 2012

Conversely, KRAS mutations were frequently identified in mucinous sub¬types.". On the basis of these findings, they conclude, "that histologic subtyping and molecular testing for EGFR and KRAS muta¬tions are helpful for predicting prognosis ......(size: 1.2Kb)

Stock Watch For December 13

Seeking Alpha

13 Dec 2012

Wednesday was a prime example of the finicky trading environment that we're dealing with these days ... Technology .. RIMM Registers a Clean Double in Price ... Not a bad rebound story ... The encouraging analyst coverage is likely related to the pending commercialization of a few of TrovaGene's diagnostic tests set for 2013, the first of which - a diagnostic able to detect KRAS mutations through urine samples is slated for a January 2013 launch ... ....(size: 9.8Kb)

Oncolytics Biotech: What Is All The Excitement About?

Seeking Alpha

13 Dec 2012

On December 13, 2012, Oncolytics Biotech Inc ... Researchers found that patients on the Reolysin regimen were more likely to have stable or smaller tumors than patients who only took chemotherapy ... Reolysin ... The first trial, known as REO 16, evaluated 33 patients with non-small cell lung cancer with Kras or EGFR-activated tumors being treated with Reolysin administered intravenously in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin ... The U.S ... ....(size: 18.1Kb)

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This article is about the region in Slovenia and Italy. For the stadium, see Kras Stadion. For the company, see Kraš. For the oncogene, see KRAS. For the wine, see Carso DOC.

The cliffs of Duino (Slovene: Devin) and the gulf of Sistiana, Province of Trieste, Italy, seen from the Rilke Trail.

Karst (Italian: Carso; German: Karst; Slovene: Kras); also known as the Karst Plateau, is a limestone borderline plateau region extending in southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy. It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes.

The region is famous for having given the name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.

1 Geographical position
2 Language, culture and traditions
3 Prominent natives and residents
4 Geographical extension
5 See also
6 External links
7 Sources

Geographical position [link]

Typical rural Karst houses in Štanjel (municipality of Komen), Slovenia

Approximate extent of the Karst region in Slovenia

The plateau rises quite steeply above the neighboring landscape, except for its northeastern side, where the steepness is less pronounced. The plateau gradually descends from the southeast to the southwest. On average it lies 334 m above sea level. Its western edge, known as the Karst Rim (Slovene: Kraški rob), is a continuation of the Učka mountain range in eastern Istria, and rises to the east and southeast of Trieste, ending in steep cliffs between Aurisina and Duino. Many interesting geological phenomena occur along the Karst Rim, including the picturesque Rosandra Valley (also known as Glinščica).

Because the Karst steeply descends towards the Adriatic Sea, it is less exposed to the beneficial climatological effects of the Mediterranean. In the past, the main vegetation on the plateau was oaks, but these were replaced by pine forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Forests now cover only one-third of the Karst. Starting the Middle Ages, the plateau suffered radical deforestation for economic reasons. Although much of the wood for the closely spaced piles that support the island city of Venice, Italy came from this region, Venice carefully managed the Karst forests as a reserve for naval timber. The most radical deforestation occurred in the mid-nineteenth century due to clear-cutting by local farmers and conversion of the land into pastures for sheep.

The Karst is famous for its caves. In Slovenia, they include Vilenica Cave (the oldest show cave in Europe), Lipica Cave, Divača Cave, Kačna Cave, Postojna Cave, and Škocjan Caves (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and Grotta Gigante in Italy (the largest show cave in the world).

Most of the Karst is located in the Slovenian Littoral, covering an area of 429 square kilometres, with a population of about 19,000 people. The Karst as a whole has exactly 100 settlements. The town of Sežana is the center of the region on the Slovene side of the border. The main rural centers are the settlements of Divača, Dutovlje, and Komen. Štanjel is a picturesque clustered settlement at the top of the northern rim of the plateau; its houses are tightly clustered around Turn Hill, giving it the appearance of a medieval town. On the Italian side of the border, important settlements include Opicina, Duino, and Aurisina.

Natural conditions, including the bora (Slovene: burja) wind, and the local way of life all shaped the elements of Karst architecture, creating simple but well-defined forms. The Karst is renowned for its strong red wine, known as teran, and prosciutto. One of the main tourist centers in the area is Lipica, with its stud farm (the home of the Lipizzan horse breed) as well as other tourist facilities.

Language, culture and traditions [link]

Traditional Kras folk costumes in a Slovenian commemorative celebration in Basovizza near Trieste

The vast majority of the inhabitants of the Kras Plateau are ethnic Slovenes. They speak two closely related Slovene dialects, both belonging to the Littoral dialect group. In the southern part of the plateau (in the municipality of Divača, Hrpelje-Kozina, the southern part of the Sežana municipality, in the Italian municipality of Monrupino and in most of the Slovene-speaking areas of the municipality of Trieste), the Inner Carniolan dialect is spoken. In the northern part (the northern part of the Sežana municipality, in the Slovenian municipalities of Komen, Miren-Kostanjevica, in the Italian municipalities of Sgonico, Duino-Aurisina and Doberdò del Lago, as well in some eastern suburbs of Trieste, like Barcola), the Karst dialect is spoken.

The Kras is famous for its red wines and its traditional cuisine, which is a mixture of Mediterranean and Central European cuisine.

Prominent natives and residents [link]

Karst peasants in a engraving from Johann Weikhard von Valvasor's monograph The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, 17th century.

Prominent persons that were born or lived in this region include the poets Srečko Kosovel, Igo Gruden, Ciril Zlobec and Branka Jurca, social activist Danilo Dolci, architect Max Fabiani, painters Avgust Černigoj and Lojze Spacal, writers Alojz Rebula, Igor Torkar, and Bogomir Magajna, theologian Anton Mahnič, politicians Drago Marušič, Josip Ferfolja and Majda Širca, economist Milko Brezigar, and actress Ita Rina. The picturesque Karst landscape inspired numerous artist that were not from this region, including the poets Rainer Maria Rilke, Alojz Gradnik, and Edvard Kocbek, essayists Scipio Slataper and Marjan Rožanc, writers Italo Svevo, Fulvio Tomizza and Susanna Tamaro, and film director Jan Cvitkovič. Many artists and authors settled in the area, including Josip Osti and Taras Kermauner.

Geographical extension [link]

The municipalities that are completely or partially in the Karst include:

Italy
- Savogna d'Isonzo (partially)
- Doberdò del Lago
- Sagrado (partially)
- Monfalcone (partially)
- Duino-Aurisina
- Sgonico
- Monrupino
- Trieste (partially)
- San Dorligo della Valle (partially)

Slovenia
- Miren-Kostanjevica (partially)
- Komen
- Sežana
- Divača
- Hrpelje-Kozina (partially)

Sometimes, the region around Pivka and Postojna is also included.

The Karst landscape as viewed from Štanjel
Landscape near Duino
The cliffs of Duino
Karst landscape in the Province of Trieste
The fortified church in Monrupino
The village of Lokev near Sežana
Lake Doberdò
Karst landscape near Doberdò del Lago

External links [link]

Karst in Slovenia. Slovenia: a geographical overview. Nadja Zupan Hajna
PR Office of the Slovenian Government - Kras and Karst
The Kras and Brkini Region

Sources [link]

Rosanna Bubola, Vivere il Carso edito dalla Pro Loco di Trieste (Basadello di Campoformico (Udine): La tipografica, 2006)
Massimo Gobessi& Sergio Dolce, Il Carso in tasca (Trieste: Edizioni Luglio, 2006)
Elio Forznarič et al., Kras je krasen: vodnik po občinah Kraške gorske skupnosti (Trieste: Kraška gorska skupnost/ Comunità montana del Carso, 1991)
Daniel Jarc, Il patrimonio culturale del Carso goriziano/ Kulturna dediščina goriškega Krasa (Trieste: SLORI, 1997)
Miran Lapanje, Sežanski Kras (Sežana: Jamarsko društvo, 1984)
Mojca Osvald et al., Kras in slovenska Istra (Ljubljana: Gimnazija Bežigrad, 2007)
Matjaž Žnidaršič, Slovenski Kras: umetnostna dediščina (Cerknica: Naklo, d.o.o, 1996)

Coordinates: 45°22′54″N 13°28′53″E / 45.3818°N 13.4815°E / 45.3818; 13.4815

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Contents

Geographical position [link]

Language, culture and traditions [link]

Prominent natives and residents [link]

Geographical extension [link]

See also [link]

External links [link]

Sources [link]

http://wn.com/Kras

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Carso

http://cs.wn.com/Kras (pohoří)

http://es.wn.com/Carso

http://ru.wn.com/Крас

http://pt.wn.com/Carso

http://pl.wn.com/Kras (płaskowyż)

http://fr.wn.com/Carso

http://de.wn.com/Karst (Geographie)