The shift key on a modern Windows keyboard (above the "Ctrl" key)

The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate "upper" characters. There are typically two shift keys, on the left and right sides of the row below the home row. The shift key's name originated from the typewriter, where one had to press and hold the button to shift up the case stamp to change to capital letters; the shift key was first used in the Remington No. 2 Type-Writer of 1878; the No. 1 model was capital-only.^[1]

On an English keyboard, characters that typically require the use of the shift key include the parentheses, the question mark, the exclamation point, and the colon.

When the caps lock key is engaged, the shift key can be used to type lowercase letters on many systems, but not Mac OS X.

On computer keyboards, as opposed to typewriter keyboards, the shift key can have many more uses:

• It is sometimes used to modify the function keys. Modern Microsoft Windows keyboards typically have only 12 function keys; Shift+F1 must be used to type F13, Shift+F2 for F14, etc.
• It can modify various control and alt keys. For example, if Alt-tab is used to cycle through open windows, Shift-Alt-tab cycles in the reverse order.
• Holding shift while in a word processor will anchor the insertion point, such that moving the pointer and clicking the mouse to a new point will select the range of text in between.
• Holding shift while drawing with the mouse in graphics programs generally confines the shape to a straight line, usually vertically or horizontally, or to draw squares and circles using the rectangle and ellipse tools, respectively.
• The shift key can also be used to modify the mouse behavior on a computer. For example, holding shift while clicking on a link in a web browser might cause the page to open in a new window, or to be downloaded.
• In some Web browsers, holding shift while scrolling will scan through previously viewed Web pages.
• In Mac OS X, holding shift while performing certain actions, such as minimising a window or enabling/disabling Dashboard or Exposé, makes the animation occur in slow motion. For some animations, holding control will make the animation move just slightly slower, and holding control+shift will result in an extremely slow motion animation.

On some keyboards, if both shift keys are held down simultaneously only some letters can be typed. For example, on the Dell keyboard Model RT7D20 only 16 letters can be typed. This phenomenon is known as "masking" and is a fundamental limitation of the way the keyboard electronics are designed.^[2]

On some Apple keyboards, the key is indicated by an outlined up-pointing arrow (U+21E7, ⇧), which is also used in menus to describe the shortcut key. On others, the word “shift”, or a combination of the two, is used.

Windows specific[link]

The following is a list of actions involving the shift key for the Microsoft Windows operating system.

See also[link]

• AltGr key
• Command key
• Option key
• StickyKeys

References[link]

IBM PC keyboard (Windows, US layout) v t e
Esc		F1	F2	F3	F4		F5	F6	F7	F8		F9	F10	F11	F12		PrtScn/ SysRq	ScrLk	Pause/ Break
																	Ins	Home	PgUp		Num Lock	/	*	-
																	Del	End	PgDn		7	8	9	+
																					4	5	6
																		↑			1	2	3	Ent
																	←	↓	→		0		.

Look up shift in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Shift generally means to change (position).

Shift may refer to:

• Gear shift, to change gears in a car
• Shift work, an employment practice
• Shift (weapon), an improvised knife used as a weapon
• Shift (clothing), a simple kind of undergarment

In arts and entertainment:

• Shift (music), a change of level in music
• Shift (string technique)
• Shift (magazine), a former Canadian technology and culture magazine
• Shift the Ape, a character in The Chronicles of Narnia novel series
• Shift (album), a 2004 album by a Swedish Grindcore band Nasum
• Need for Speed: Shift, a 2009 racing video game
• Shift 2: Unleashed, the 2011 sequel to the aforementioned video game
• Shift (game), an online video game series developed and presented by Armor Games.
• The Shift (film), a 2010 short film from London, England
• The Shift (song), a 'Beach Boys' song off their 1962 "Surfin' Safari" album.

In mathematics and computing:

• Shift key, a key on a computer keyboard
• Bit shift, a bitwise operator in computing
  • Barrel shifter, a digital circuit that can shift a data word by a specified number of bits
  • Arithmetic shift in telecommunication
  • Logical shift
  • Circular shift or bit rotation, often used in cryptography
• Shift operator, a linear operator in mathematics

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Shift"
• Red shift (disambiguation)
• Vowel shift, a change in the pronunciation of vowel sounds
• Paradigm shift, a change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science
• Tax shift, a fiscal policy
• Baseball positioning, where "shift" is a strategic alteration in defenders' normal fielding locations
• Shapeshifting

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Key may refer to:

Look up key in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Key (lock), device used to open a lock or door
  • Skeleton key or master key, a key altered to bypass wards placed inside a lock
• Key (chart), a guide to colours and symbols used in a data chart, graph, plot or diagram
• Key (cryptography), a piece of information that controls the operation of a cryptography algorithm
• Key (engineering), a type of coupling used to transmit rotation between a shaft and an attached item
• Key (map), a guide to a map's symbology
• Key (tool), tool used to wind a clockwork motor
• A part inserted into aligned slots (key ways) in a shaft and the object (bore) that the shaft is inserted into in order to "lock" the two together rotationally.

Biology[link]

• Identification key, a method of deducing the correct species assignment of a living thing
• Single-access key, a method used for categorizing species using logical choices

Computing[link]

• Computer keyboard keys
• KeY, a software verification tool
• Unique key, a set of fields that uniquely identify any record in a database or registry
• Superkey, a similar concept or idea
• Candidate key, a minimal superkey
• Keychain (Mac OS), the Apple-created utility for the Macintosh that stores passwords
• Key, which make up the key-value pairs of a hash table
• .key, file extension used by Keynote

Fiction[link]

• Key (comics), a DC Comics supervillain
• Key (Marvel Comics), a fictional mutant character
• Key the Metal Idol, Japanese anime OVA series
• Kirby's Epic Yarn (KEY), a 2010 game by Nintendo
• The Keys, Seinfeld episode

Places[link]

• Key Island, Tasmania, Australia
• Florida Keys, an archipelago of about 1700 such islands in the southeast United States

Music[link]

• Key (instrument), musical instruments have keys for tuning and keys for playing; such as on a guitar
• Key (music), a set of notes in music
• Key (singer) (born 1991), South Korean entertainer
• Key (album), an album by Son, Ambulance
• Key pattern (rhythm), an African bell pattern that represents the structural core of a musical piece in an extremely condensed and concentrated form, defining rhythmic structure, as scales or tonal modes define harmonic structure.
• Key signature, in musical notation and tablature
• Keys can be short for keyboards, a type of musical instrument part of the percussion family

Surnames[link]

• Key (surname)
• Keys (surname)
• Keyes (disambiguation)

Companies and organizations[link]

• Key (company), a Japanese visual novel studio
• KeyBank, a bank headquartered in the Key Tower in Cleveland, Ohio
• Key Club, a worldwide student service organization
• House of Keys, the directly elected lower branch of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man

Printing[link]

• Key color (typically black), in the CMYK color model
• Keyline, a dark line separating color elements in four-color printing
• Key plate, a plate which prints the detail in an image, often using the color black
• Chroma key, a method to superimpose several video layers using areas of a defined color as a mask

Other[link]

• Churchkey, various kinds of bottle and can openers
• Clef (from the French for "key"), the symbol that assigns note names to the lines and spaces of the musical staff
• Greek key pattern, a meander pattern
• Key (basketball), also known as the shaded lane in a basketball court
• Keychain, small chain that connects a small item to a keyring
• Key frame, a frame made by an animator from which other frames are derived
• Key light, the primary light source that illuminates an image or scene
• Keys, a truce term used in western Scotland
• Keystone (architecture), the stone at the apex of an arch that holds the arch in place
• Samara (fruit) or key, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall
• Subkey (disambiguation)
• Telegraph key, the button used by a telegraph operator

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Key"
• All pages with titles containing "Key"
• The Key (disambiguation)
• The Keys (disambiguation)
• Keying (disambiguation)
• Cay, a small, low island
• Quay

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2008)

Annie Mac
Annie Mac DJing in Brighton
Birth name	Annie MacManus
Born	(1978-07-18) July 18, 1978 (age 33) Dublin, Republic of Ireland
Show	Annie Mac
Station(s)	BBC Radio 1
Time slot	7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Friday
Show	Nick Grimshaw and Annie Mac (Co-presented with Nick Grimshaw)
Station(s)	BBC Radio 1
Time slot	10:00pm - Midnight Sunday
Style	Dance & Entertainment
Country	Ireland/United Kingdom
Website	anniemacpresents.com

Annie Mac (born Annie MacManus; 18 July 1978 in Dublin) is an Irish DJ and television presenter who hosts an eponymous electronic dance music show on BBC Radio 1 in the United Kingdom which airs at 7:00 pm on Friday evenings as well as a Sunday evening show alongside co-presenter Nick Grimshaw.

Personal life[link]

Annie Mac was born in Dublin, Ireland. She studied English Literature at Queens University, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Annie lives in London with her boyfriend, fellow club and Radio 1 DJ, Toddla T.^[1] Her brother, Davey McManus, was the lead singer and guitarist in The Crocketts.

Career[link]

Annie currently hosts a number of shows on Radio 1. Her main show, Annie Mac's Mash Up, airs 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm on Friday nights. She also hosted BBC Switch with Nick Grimshaw on Sunday evenings from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm until 21 March 2010. After this date they moved to 10:00pm - midnight with a new show simply called Nick Grimshaw and Annie Mac. She is currently one of only two presenters on the station to present shows in both the specialist and entertainment sector, the other being Huw Stephens.

A popular feature of Annie Mac's Mash Up is the Annie Mac Mini Mix, an opportunity to showcase various DJs ability to produce a five minute mix with other DJs. The Mini mix was also a feature of her previous show on a Thursday night. As well as her own Friday show, Annie also covers for other Radio 1 shows. She is a regular stand in for Zane Lowe's show. In 2009 Annie won the Best female award at the drum and bass awards for her contribution to the promotion of this genre of music.

Annie makes regular appearances as a feature presenter on BBC Two's The Culture Show, giving her opinions on the latest music offerings.^[2] She appeared on Never Mind the Buzzcocks in January 2006 and she co-presented Top Of The Pops on 18 June 2006 with Reggie Yates and on 11 July 2006 with Rufus Hound in a T in the Park special. Annie has also filled in for Zane Lowe on his Gonzo show on MTV2. She regularly DJs at clubs such as Fabric London, Moles Club in Bath, Digital in Brighton and university venues such as Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge and Aston University. She also recently appeared on ITV Comedy, FM, as herself.

On 18 February 2007 BBC Radio 1 launched their first video podcast or vodcast. It featured Annie on a backstage tour around the Radio 1 buildings. This has since been stopped, however there is now a podcast of the Mini Mix.

She has also presented Other Voices for RTÉ Two.^[3]

In September 2009, Mac released her first compilation album, Annie Mac Presents, followed in the two years since by Annie Mac Presents 2010 and Annie Mac Presents 2011.^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Annie Mac at BBC Programmes
• Nick Grimshaw & Annie Mac at BBC Programmes
• Annie Mac on Twitter
• Annie Mac on Myspace
• Annie Mac's channel on YouTube
• More Than The Music - Annie Mac (Tess Askew)

Tinie Tempah
Tempah at the 2010 Way Out West Festival.
Background information
Birth name	Patrick Junior Chukwuemeka Okogwu
Born	(1988-11-07) 7 November 1988 (age 23) Plumstead, London, England
Genres	Grime, Hip hop, drum and bass
Occupations	Rapper, songwriter
Years active	2005–present
Labels	Parlophone, Disturbing London
Associated acts	Labrinth, Ellie Goulding, Swedish House Mafia, Chase & Status, Usher, Kelly Rowland, Eric Turner, Range, Emeli Sandé, Wiz Khalifa, Bei Maejor, Snoop Dogg, Ester Dean, Taio Cruz, Wretch 32, J. Cole, Lupe Fiasco, Rita Ora, Taylor ThePALACE
Website	tinietempah.com

Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu^[1] (born 7 November 1988),^[2] better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is an English rapper. He made his first mixtape in 2007; his first album, Disc-Overy, debuted at number one in October 2010 and was preceded by two number-one singles.

Early life[link]

Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu, was born in London, England on 7 November 1988, and is of Ibusa, Delta State, Nigerian origin. ^[3] He lived on the Aylesbury Estate in South East London until he was 12 with his parents and three younger siblings.^[3] He attended St. Paul's Catholic School in Abbey Wood, London SE2, (now known as St. Paul's Academy). He went on to study A Levels at St Francis Xavier Sixth Form College, SW12. Of his London upbringing, Tempah states: “London is one of the only places in the world where you can live in a council block and see a beautiful semi-detached house across the street. Growing up around that was inspirational, it kept me motivated".^[1]

Career history[link]

Early career[link]

In 2006, Tempah gained a great deal of airplay on British music TV channel, Channel AKA, for his song "Tears" He made his first mixtape in 2007 with 28 songs, freestyles and remixes, featuring Mz Bratt, Chipmunk and G-Unit.^{[citation needed]} His first album, Disc-Overy, debuted at number one in October 2010 and was preceded by the number-one singles "Pass Out" and "Written in the Stars" and the UK Top 5 hits "Frisky" and "Miami 2 Ibiza". In late 2007, he collaborated on a track ("Perfect GCD Hood Economics Room 147") with grime artist Ultra and producers/songwriters Agent X.

Tempah toured with Chipmunk in February 2010. His first break as a musician came when Sony launched its PlayStation Portable (PSP) and used a track entitled "Listen To The Vibe" featuring Yasmin and DJ Ironik, and "Atlantic/Warner" for the futuristic racing game, Wipeout Pure. This resulted in a promotional European tour alongside the likes of Sway and Dizzee Rascal.

Tempah, his manager and cousin Dumi Oburota founded the independent label Disturbing London primarily as an official outlet for Tempah's music, but with the idea of also signing other young artists. According to Dumi: "We wanted to have a platform to put out our music and there wasn't any Def Jam or Roc-A-Fella label equivalent in England. [Also] I wanted to create a major independent label with quality artists. I felt like the major labels had lost the passion for music."^[4] The activities of the label were initially largely funded by student loans and the proceeds from buying and selling cars.^[4]

When scout and music consultant Jade Richardson saw Tempah performing at the 2009 Wireless Festival she called Parlophone Records president Miles Leonard saying: “You’ve got to check out this guy Tinie Tempah. He came on at lunchtime and there’s about 1,000 kids screaming for him. He’s only put out one independent release and he’s got this huge audience.”^[5] Leonard and A&R Nathan Thompson visited Tempah and his manager Dumi at their studio a few weeks later and were hugely impressed to hear about the work they had already done in developing Tempah's career and by the ambitious plans they had for his future.^[5] Leonard told HitQuarters: "I thought it was incredible that an artist and manager were doing so much so soon with so little ... That impressed as much as the music."^[5]

Tempah announced his signing to Parlophone in October 2009 by running a competition on his blog, with the winner invited to High Tea at Claridges to celebrate the deal.^[6]

[edit] 2010–2011: Success and Disc-Overy

Tempah released his debut single "Pass Out" with Parlophone on 28 February 2010, with it entering the UK Singles Chart at number 1. Selling just over 92,000 copies, making this his first number 1 which it remained for two consecutive weeks. Tempah would later perform "Pass Out" on 25 June 2010 at Glastonbury on the Pyramid stage with Snoop Dogg. Tempah then announced his second single, "Frisky", which was released on 6 June 2010 entering the UK Singles Chart at number 2. Tempah supported Rihanna for four dates in May on her 10-date UK tour with Tinchy Stryder and Pixie Lott.^[8] Tempah performed at many summer balls at various universities around the United Kingdom.^{[citation needed]} Tempah performed at Radio 1 Big Weekend in Bangor on 22 May 2010 on the In New Music We Trust stage. He also toured with Mr Hudson in May 2010. Tinie Tempah played the Summertime Ball at Wembley Stadium on 6 June 2010, at Wakestock in Abersoch on 3 July 2010, both T4 on the Beach and the Wireless Festival in London's Hyde Park on 4 July, and V Festival on 21 and 22 August 2010. Tempah released his third single "Written in the Stars" on 19 September 2010. This again charted at number 1 in the UK Singles Chart selling over 115,000 copies in its first week, making it his biggest-selling single to date. The song also went on to chart in a number of other countries. Tempah went on to team up with Swedish House Mafia for his fourth single "Miami 2 Ibiza" which was released on 1 October 2010. This went on to reach a peak of number 4 in the UK Singles Chart and his first number 1 in the Netherlands Mega Single Top 100 chart. He released his long-awaited debut album, Disc-Overy on 4 October 2010 which featured all his previous charted singles.

On 11 October 2010, he kicked off his first UK tour which was supported by Chiddy Bang. He went on to win his first 2 MOBO Awards in October. Tempah also featured on the Tinchy Stryder single "Game Over" which was released on 15 November 2010. This reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart. On 25 December, Tempah released his fifth single "Invincible" featuring Kelly Rowland, which peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. "Wonderman", featuring Ellie Goulding, was released and was the fifth official single. Tempah joined Usher on the European leg of his OMG Tour in January 2011. Tempah was also nominated for 4 Brit Awards making him the most nominated artist at the awards. His single "Written in the Stars" was used for a WrestleMania XXVII countdown promo during the WWE PPV Royal Rumble on 30 January 2011. It was later confirmed by WWE that it will be the official theme for Wrestlemania XXVII. It's also the theme song for the 2011 MLB Post Season. On 15 February 2011, he won his first ever Brit Award, for Best British Breakthrough Act. He also won a Brit for Best British Single.^[9] On 7 March 2011, Tempah expressed his desire for his next album to go triple platinum. "I reckon in 2011, towards the end of it, I'm going to do an arena tour – and sell it out – then I reckon I'm going to release another album, and fingers crossed it can go platinum again, and double platinum, and triple. Let's just sell a million."^[10] In early 2011, Tinie Tempah announced a UK Arena tour. Support acts included Nero, Labrinth and Chase and Status (After Party DJ Set).^{[citation needed]} In 2011, Labrinth revealed that Tempah will be releasing "Pass Out" in the United States, featuring a well recognised artist in the American rap game.^[11] On 28 November 2011, Tinie Tempah hosted an episode of the TV show, Never Mind the Buzzcocks.^[12] Also in November, Tinie Tempah released two tracks, "Like It or Love It" which featured both Wretch 32 & J. Cole, and "Lucky Cunt" which featured Big Sean. On 16 December, Tempah released a 9-track mixtape/EP titled Happy Birthday. In early 2012 Tempah featured with Eric Turner and Lupe Fiasco on a track called "Angels and Stars". Tempah's song "Written in the Stars" was used as the entrance song for the New York Giants before Super Bowl XLVI.

[edit] 2012–present: Demonstration

By December 2010 Tempah was writing a second album,^[13] saying there will be a more electronic and live feel to it. It was originally intended for a late 2011 release.^[7][14] but is now scheduled for October 2012.^[15] During an interview, Tempah commented on his second album: "I always like to work with different people on each project I do, just so you get a different sound and angle. I will be working with some of the same people I did for the first album, you know what they say ‘if it ain't broke then don’t try and fix it’."^[16] Tempah hoped to collaborate with other artists; "I really want to collaborate with Toronto's very own Drake. I think he's amazing at what he does. I'd also like to collaborate with Adele, Sleigh Bells, Lykke Li, Dev, James Blake ― those are the few that I'd really like to work with."^[17] Tempah announced in an interview with Rolling Stone that his next single is to be called "Till I'm Gone" which will feature Wiz Khalifa and is produced by Stargate.^[18][19] The single and the video song were released at the end of June 2011.^[20] Tinie Tempah, world renowned drummer Travis Barker and Irish boxing champion Katie Taylor, joined forces to launch Lucozade’s new Yes Campaign, which signals a repositioning of its sports and energy drink brand. Featuring a performance of Tempah's "Simply Unstoppable" with Travis Barker on drums, remixed especially for Lucozade Sport,^{[citation needed]} the campaign was released in Summer 2011.

Tinie Tempah has asked a number of artists to appear on his upcoming second album, including Gary Barlow, Chris Martin, Dizzee Rascal, and The Script.^[21]

At the Brit Awards in 2012, he announced his second album would be called 'Demonstration'.^[22]

Discography[link]

• Disc-Overy (2010)
• Demonstration (2012)

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website