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The world in 500

Year 500 (D) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Patricius and Hypatius (or, less frequently, year 1253 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 500 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events[link]

By place[link]

Europe[link]

• Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex or possibly Cerdic of Wessex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 517). This battle may have influenced the legend of King Arthur.
• Possible date at which Fergus Mór begins his reign – the historicity of Mór is doubtful.
• Approximate beginning of the Heptarchy period in the history of England.
• Approximate year of the founding of the Kingdom of Essex.
• The Frankish Kingdom is formed.
• The monument of Ale's Stones is built in Sweden (approximate date).
• Burial in catacombs ends (approximate date).

Asia[link]

• Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei China becomes sovereign of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

America[link]

• Uxmal is founded (approximate date).

Africa[link]

• Traders from southern Arabia settle in northern Ethiopia.

Births[link]

• Erzhu Shilong
• Procopius, historian (approximate date)
• Theodebert I, king of Austrasia (approximate date, could also have been 495)
• Theodora, empress of Byzantium
• Tribonian, jurist in the Roman Empire (approximate date)
• Bhavaviveka, Indian Madhyamaka Scholar
• Xie He, Chinese artist (d. c. 535) (approximate date)

Deaths[link]

• Zu Chongzhi, Chinese mathematician

References[link]

The Proclaimers
The Proclaimers on stage April 2010.
Background information
Born	(1962-03-05) 5 March 1962 (age 50) (both) Leith, Scotland
Origin	Auchtermuchty, Fife, Scotland
Genres	Folk rock, New Wave, power pop
Instruments	Vocals, acoustic guitar, tambourine
Years active	1983–present
Labels	Chrysalis
Website	Proclaimers.co.uk
Members
Charlie Reid Craig Reid

The Proclaimers are a Scottish band composed of identical twin brothers, Charlie and Craig Reid. They are probably best known for the songs "Letter from America", "I'm On My Way" and "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)". The band tours extensively throughout Europe and other continents. They have released nine studio albums from 1987 until the present, as well as two compilation albums and a DVD.

In 2011, the band scored history in Scotland when two of their tracks, "Sunshine on Leith" and "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" were featured on Scotland's Greatest Album (2011).

History[link]

Career[link]

The band playing live in 2008

Craig Reid and Charlie Reid were born in Leith in 1962, and grew up in Edinburgh, Cornwall and Auchtermuchty. When they stayed in Auchtermuchty they attended Bell Baxter High School. After several punk rock bands at school they formed The Proclaimers in 1983.

The pair came to public attention when an Inverness based fan sent their demo to the British band The Housemartins, who were impressed enough to invite The Proclaimers on their 1986 UK tour. The exposure of the tour won them a January 1987 appearance on the British pop music television programme The Tube on Channel Four;^[1] "Letter from America" peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart,^[2] whilst the album This is the Story went gold. The follow-up album Sunshine on Leith featured "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" and "I'm On My Way".^[2] They had a hit with their EP King of the Road, which reached number 9 in UK in 1990.

In March 2007 they recorded a new version of "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" with television comedy characters Andy Pipkin (played by Matt Lucas) and Brian Potter (Peter Kay) for the Comic Relief charity. A long list of celebrities were featured in the music video for this new version, including David Bellamy, Rod, Jane and Freddy, Paul O'Grady, David Tennant, Frank Sidebottom and many more. This new version of the song reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart.^[2]

The band was one of The B-52s' touring partners on their Funplex tour in Australia and New Zealand in November 2009, alongside Mental as Anything.

In addition, they featured in VH1's 100 greatest one hit wonders ("I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" having been their only US hit single).^[3]

Influence[link]

The brothers are fans of Hibernian Football Club, and "Sunshine on Leith" has become a club anthem, being played at home matches for important fixtures, such as the Edinburgh derby versus Heart of Midlothian FC, the club's city rivals. Charlie and Craig Reid appeared at their Easter Road stadium for the 'Hands Off Hibs' campaign in 1990 when Wallace Mercer, a wealthly Edinburgh businessman with direct connections to Hearts FC, attempted a takeover of the club but was defeated by fan pressure.

They are also well-known supporters of Scottish independence and have at various stages of their lives been activists for the Scottish National Party, expressing such views during their promotional tour of Britain in March 2007.^[4] However in April 2007 Charlie Reid announced that he had switched his allegiance to the Scottish Socialist Party in protest at the Scottish National Party's receipt of funding from big business.^[5] Many of their songs reflect their political views, such as "Letter from America" and "Cap in Hand".

On 16 May 2006 the twins announced their participation in a campaign to free a fellow Scot, Kenny Richey, from his death row sentence in Ohio, including an appearance at a charity concert.^[6] Also, in 2010 they participated with Billy Bragg in a show supporting Reprieve, charity that fights the death penalty. The Proclaimers also support other charities such as The Lighthouse Foundation (addiction victims), AICR (cancer research), Drake Music Scotland (help disabled people through music) or 500 miles (amputees or disabled people in Africa).

Discography[link]

EPs[link]

1. King of the Road (1990)
2. 17 (Acoustic EP) (2009)

Studio albums[link]

Compilation and Remastered albums[link]

Soundtracks[link]

1. The Crossing (1990) (song, "King of the Road")
2. Benny and Joon (1993) (song, "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)")
3. Dumb and Dumber (1994) (song, "Get Ready")
4. Bye Bye Love (1995) (song, "Bye Bye Love")
5. Bottle Rocket (1996) (song, "Over And Done With")
6. Slab Boys (1997) (songs, "Maybe Baby" and "No Particular Place to Go")
7. Shrek (2001) (song, "I'm on My Way")
8. How I Met Your Mother (2007, 2009 – episodes Arrivederci, Fiero; Duel Citizenship) (song, "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)")
9. Mama's Boy (2008) (song, "Then I Met You")
10. Burke and Hare (2010) (song, "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)")

DVD[link]

1. The Best of the Proclaimers 1987–2002
   (2002)
   

Singles[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official UK website
• Official North American website
• Comprehensive Discography
• The Proclaimers Exclusive Interview
• The Proclaimers on Twitter
• The Proclaimers on Facebook
• The Proclaimers on MySpace

Louis Oosthuizen
Oosthuizen after winning the 2010 Open Championship at St Andrews.
Personal information
Full name	Lodewicus Theodorus Oosthuizen
Born	(1982-10-19) 19 October 1982 (age 29) Mossel Bay, South Africa
Height	5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)
Weight	159 lb (72 kg; 11.4 st)
Nationality	South Africa
Residence	Mossel Bay, South Africa Manchester, England[1]
Spouse	Nel-Mare (m. 2007)
Partner	Jana, Sophia
Career
Turned professional	2002
Current tour(s)	European Tour Sunshine Tour PGA Tour
Professional wins	10
Number of wins by tour
PGA Tour	1
European Tour	5
Sunshine Tour	7
Best results in Major Championships (Wins: 1)
Masters Tournament	2nd: 2012
U.S. Open	T9: 2011
The Open Championship	Won: 2010
PGA Championship	73rd: 2008

Lodewicus Theodorus "Louis" Oosthuizen (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈlu.i ˈoəst.ɦœjzən]^[2] born 19 October 1982) is a South African professional golfer who won the 2010 Open Championship and was runner-up in the 2012 Masters Tournament.

Early life and career[link]

Oosthuizen was born in Mossel Bay, South Africa. His early career was supported financially for three years by the foundation of fellow South African golfer Ernie Els.^[3] He won numerous amateur titles before turning professional in 2002 at the age of 19.

Oosthuizen at the 2008 Telkom PGA Championship

He has won five professional tournaments on the Sunshine Tour: the 2004 Vodacom Origins of Golf Tour event at Arabella, the 2007 Dimension Data Pro-Am and Platinum Classic, and the Telkom PGA Championship twice, in 2007 and 2008. He played on the European Challenge Tour in 2003 and has been a member of the European Tour since 2004. In 2009, he finished 31st on the Race to Dubai. He has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Rankings.

In March 2010, he won his first European Tour event at the Open de Andalucia de Golf.^[4] He also won the 2010 Masters Par 3 Contest.^[5]

2010 Open Championship[link]

Oosthuizen entered the 2010 Open Championship at St Andrews ranked 54th in the Official World Golf Rankings,^[6] and only having made one cut in eight major championship appearances.^[7] He shot a 65 on the first day, placing him in second place, behind a 63 shot by Rory McIlroy.^[8]

Oosthuizen's 67 on Friday was the low round of the day^[8] and gave him a lead that he would not relinquish throughout the final two rounds.^[9] His two-day total of 132 tied the record for the lowest 36-hole score in an Open Championship at St Andrews.^[10] A 69 on Saturday placed Oosthuizen at 15-under-par, and four shots clear of second-place Paul Casey with one round to play.^[11]

On Sunday, Casey closed the gap to three shots on the 8th hole, before Oosthuizen drove the 9th green and made a long putt for eagle.^[12] On the 12th hole, Oosthuizen made birdie, while Casey hit his drive into a gorse bush, and wound up making triple bogey to give Oosthuizen an eight-shot lead.^[12][13] In the end, Oosthuizen shot 71 on Sunday, and 16-under-par 272 for the championship, to win by seven strokes. His 272 was the second lowest in St Andrews history. Casey eventually finished third with Lee Westwood taking second.

Oosthuizen became the fourth man from South Africa to win the Claret Jug – following Bobby Locke, Gary Player, and Ernie Els – and moved to 15th in the Official World Golf Rankings,^[14][15] leapfrogging fellow South African Retief Goosen in 16th position.

Oosthuizen claims his exemplary focus during the tournament, which enabled him to win by a wide margin, was due to a red spot marked on his glove. He would look at that spot as the beginning of his pre-shot routine and use it to help him remain focused before and during his swing. Oosthuizen had consulted Karl Morris, a Manchester-based sports psychologist, prior to the event for ways in which he could improve his concentration.^[16]

After 2010[link]

Oosthuizen finished the 2010 season in 10th place on the Race to Dubai, posting three further top-10s after his major win. In January 2011, he claimed his third European Tour title, and his sixth in his home country, winning the Africa Open in a playoff.^[17] In 2012, Oosthuizen successfully defended his title at the Africa Open with a two stroke victory over Tjaart van der Walt. His success was helped by a second round 62, which took Oosthuizen to the top of the leaderboard at the halfway stage and from there he held on for victory.^[18]

Oosthuizen was runner-up at the 2012 Masters Tournament. In the final round, he hit an albatross on the second hole of Augusta National Golf Club. This was only the fourth ever albatross in Masters history, and the first to be televised, as well as the first ever on that hole. Oosthuizen took the outright lead of the tournament with this exceptional shot, and maintained the lead until caught on the 16th hole, by Bubba Watson. He was eventually defeated by Watson on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff.^[19] The following week he won his fifth European Tour title at the Maybank Malaysian Open.

Amateur wins (6)[link]

• 2000 World Junior Championship
• 2001 All African Games (Kenya), Transvaal Amateur Stroke Play Championship (South Africa)
• 2002 Indian Amateur Open Championship (tied), Irish Amateur Open Stroke Play Championship, Natal Open Stroke Play Championship (South Africa)

Professional wins (10)[link]

Oosthuizen at the 2007 Valle Romano Open at the Aloha Golf Club, Marbella, Spain

European Tour wins (5)[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Winning score	Margin of victory	Runner(s)-up
1	28 Mar 2010	Open de Andalucia de Golf	–17 (67-63-66-67=263)	3 strokes	Richard Finch, Peter Whiteford
2	18 Jul 2010	The Open Championship	–16 (65-67-69-71=272)	7 strokes	Lee Westwood
3	9 Jan 2011	Africa Open (co-sanctioned with the Sunshine Tour)	–16 (70-67-69-70=276)	Playoff	Manuel Quirós, Chris Wood
4	8 Jan 2012	Africa Open (co-sanctioned with the Sunshine Tour)	–27 (69-62-67-67=265)	2 strokes	Tjaart van der Walt
5	15 Apr 2012	Maybank Malaysian Open (co-sanctioned with the Asian Tour)	–17 (66-68-69-68=271)	3 strokes	Stephen Gallacher

Sunshine Tour wins (7)[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Winning score	Margin of victory	Runner(s)-up
1	19 Sep 2004	Vodacom Origins of Golf Tour at Arabella	–1 (74-70-71=215)	1 stroke	Keith Horne
2	28 Jan 2007	Dimension Data Pro-Am	–11 (66-71-71-69=277)	1 stroke	Omar Sandys
3	25 Feb 2007	Telkom PGA Championship	–22 (67-65-69-65=266)	1 stroke	Richard Sterne
4	27 Oct 2007	Platinum Classic	–11 (64-71-70=205)	Playoff	Marc Cayeux, Adilson da Silva
5	24 Feb 2008	Telkom PGA Championship	–28 (66-63-66-65=260)	14 strokes	Hennie Otto
6	9 Jan 2011	Africa Open (co-sanctioned with the European Tour)	–16 (70-67-69-70=276)	Playoff	Manuel Quirós, Chris Wood
7	8 Jan 2012	Africa Open (co-sanctioned with the European Tour)	–27 (69-62-67-67=265)	2 strokes	Tjaart van der Walt

Major championships[link]

Wins (1)[link]

Year	Championship	54 holes	Winning score	Margin	Runner(s)-up
2010	The Open Championship	4 shot lead	−16 (65-67-69-71=272)	7 strokes	Lee Westwood

Results timeline[link]

DNP = Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10.

Summary[link]

• Tournaments played: 15
• Wins: 1
• 2nd: 1
• 3rd: 0
• Top 10s: 3
• Top 25s: 3
• Missed cuts: 10
• Most consecutive cuts made: 2

Results in World Golf Championship events[link]

DNP = Did not play
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = tied
Yellow background for top-10.
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

Team appearances[link]

Amateur

• Eisenhower Trophy (representing South Africa): 2002

Professional

• World Cup (representing South Africa): 2011

References[link]

External links[link]

• Louis Oosthuizen at the European Tour official site
• Louis Oosthuizen at the Sunshine Tour official site
• Louis Oosthuizen at the Official World Golf Ranking official site
• Listen to Louis Oosthuizen say his name