T. M. Sinclair Mansion
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
The current front entrance of Brucemore was originally the back of the house
Location:	2160 Linden Dr., SE,, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Coordinates:	41°59′32.60″N 91°38′21.67″W / 41.992389°N 91.6393528°W / 41.992389; -91.6393528Coordinates: 41°59′32.60″N 91°38′21.67″W / 41.992389°N 91.6393528°W / 41.992389; -91.6393528
Built:	1886[citation needed]
Architectural style:	Late 19th Century Queen Anne Victorian
Governing body:	Private
NRHP Reference#:	76000780[1]
Added to NRHP:	December 12, 1976[2]

Brucemore, a park-like, 26-acre (110,000 m²) estate in the heart of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is the site of a Queen Anne-style mansion, formal gardens, a children’s garden, night garden, pond, orchard, and woodland. Built between 1884 and 1886 by Caroline Sinclair, widow of pioneer industrialist T.M. Sinclair, Brucemore has been home to three prominent families who used the estate as a center for culture and the arts. Brucemore, whose name alludes to the Scottish moors of the second owner's ancestral home, is Iowa's only National Trust Historic Site and is preserved by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in co-stewardship with Brucemore, Inc. Under the name of the T.M. Sinclair Mansion, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[1] The mansion has three stories, and contains twenty-one rooms. Notable features of the home are its steeply gabled roof, five chimneys, and several turrets.

History[link]

Brucemore is the story of three wealthy families: industrialists, entrepreneurs, philanthropists, boosters, neighbors, and friends. The men created great fortunes: Thomas Sinclair in meatpacking; George Bruce Douglas in starch processing; and Howard Hall in manufacturing. However, the women of Brucemore are at the heart of the story; Caroline Sinclair built the mansion; Irene Douglas transformed it to a country estate; and Margaret Hall gave it to the National Trust.

The Sinclairs (1871-1906)[link]

In 1871, Thomas McElderry and Caroline Soutter Sinclair moved to Cedar Rapids from New York. Thomas started his own meat packing business, the T.M. Sinclair & Co., which became the largest business in Cedar Rapids. Unfortunately, Mr. Sinclair died in 1881 in a fatal accident at the plant. Caroline was left a widow, with six children from her marriage, the youngest was only six months old. Three year later, at age 33, Mrs. Sinclair purchased the land and started work on the home. Originally titled "Fairhome", the Queen Anne-style mansion was completed in 1886. The home cost $55,000 and was the most expensive home or building at that time^{[citation needed]}. At the time of its construction, Brucemore was in the country, as Cedar Rapids had not yet grown to that radius.

The home was designed by Maximillian Allardt, an Indianapolis architect. When his daughter fell ill, Allardt left the job, and Henry Josselyn and Eugene Taylor continued where he left off. The home was described as "the grandest house west of Chicago" to the local paper. The original plan for the house included a great hall, eight bathrooms, nine bedrooms, fourteen fireplaces, and a grand staircase. Mrs. Sinclair also requested a conservatory to be added to the south side of the house.

In 1906, when all her children had grown, Caroline traded homes with George Bruce Douglas, and moved to 800 Second Ave SE.

The Douglases (1906-1937)[link]

George Bruce Douglas was a partner in his father's business, the Quaker Oats Company. George moved into the home with his wife Irene, and daughters Margaret and Ellen and renamed it to Brucemore. Under George's direction, the size of the property was increased to 33 acres (130,000 m²), and several new buildings were constructed, including a guesthouse, greenhouse, carriage house, squash court, and servants' quarters. He also had the entrance moved to the south side. The interior was also upgraded, with exposed ceiling beams and butternut paneling added to the great hall. This expansion cost over $30,000 and was designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw, a Chicago architect known for his North Shore mansions. In the 1920s, a mural was added that showed the story of "The Ring of the Nibelung" from Richard Wagner. A play organ from the Skinner company that had 678 pipes was also added to the third floor. In 1925, Grant Wood designed a sleeping porch which was added to the house. in 1927, a swimming pool was added.

In 1923 George died. Fourteen years later, Irene followed him and willed the home to their oldest daughter Margaret.

The Halls (1937-1981)[link]

Margaret Douglas married Howard Hall in 1924. The couple lived on the Brucemore grounds, residing in the Garden House from the start of their marriage until the death of Margaret's mother. While they lived there, they sold off some of the property, reducing the estate to its current 26 acres (110,000 m²). They also enclosed the western porch, and added picture windows to the master bedroom, the library, and the dining room. In two of their more unusual enhancements to the house, the Halls added two basement recreation rooms, "The Tahitian Room", and a "Grizzly Bar". The Tahitian room is designed to resemble a tropical island, including a faux hut roof, and a switch that can create artificial rain. The Grizzly room is decorated like a Wild West or Alaskan saloon.

The Halls kept several pets on the property, including two German shepherds, a monkey and several birds. But their most famous pets were three lions, all named Leo. Jackie, the lion that roars at the beginning of MGM movies, is related to one of the Leos. One of the lions as well as 20 dogs are buried in the pet cemetery near the gardens.

All of Brucemore's residents used their wealth and standing to promote the community that had supported them. When Margaret died in 1981, she bequeathed Brucemore to the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Community Cultural Center[link]

Today, Brucemore is a hub of cultural, philanthropic, and educational activities, welcoming 40,000 people each year to a variety of events, including festivals, concerts, tours, garden programs, children and family activities, outdoor theatre, and more.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Brucemore's website
• National Trust for Historic Preservation
• Back Stairs at Brucemore:Life as Servants in early 20th-Century America, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009)

Ben Bruce Blakeney (1908 – March 4, 1963) was an American lawyer.

Served during the Second World War in the Pacific theatre. In 1946–1948 served as a defence councel at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, and defended Shigenori Tōgō, General Yoshijirō Umezu and Admiral Soemu Toyoda, who was found not guilty. Among his arguments were that aggressive war could not be defined as a crime under international law.^[1] In 1949, he began work as a lecturer of law at Tokyo University. He was killed in a plane crash in 1963.

Works[link]

• "The Japanese High Command", Military Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Summer, 1945), pp. 95–113 and No. 3 (Autumn, 1945), pp. 208–218

References[link]