Name | Jack Nitzsche |
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Background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
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Birth name | Bernard Alfred Nitzsche |
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Born | April 22, 1937Chicago, Illinois |
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Died | August 25, 2000Hollywood, Los Angeles, California |
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Instrument | Saxophone, piano |
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Genre | Rock, jazz, classical |
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Occupation | Composer, orchestrator, arranger, session musician, record producer |
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Years active | 1955–2000 |
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Associated acts | The Nooney Rickett 4, Sonny Bono, Phil Spector, The Wrecking Crew, Neil Young and Crazy Horse, The Rolling Stones, Willy DeVille |
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Bernard Alfred "Jack" Nitzsche (22 April 1937 – 25 August 2000) was an arranger, producer, songwriter, and film score composer. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s as the right-hand-man of producer Phil Spector, and went on to work with the Rolling Stones, Neil Young and others. He also worked extensively in film scores, winning a song of the year Oscar in 1983 for co-writing "Up Where We Belong" (from An Officer and a Gentleman.)
Biography
Born in
Chicago, Illinois and raised on a farm in
Newaygo, Michigan, Nitzsche moved to
Los Angeles, California in 1955 with ambitions of becoming a
jazz saxophonist. He found work copying
musical scores, where he met
Sonny Bono, with whom he wrote the song "
Needles and Pins" for
Jackie DeShannon, later covered by
Cher,
The Searchers,
The Ramones,
Crack the Sky and
Willy DeVille and Tom Petty with Stevie Nicks (Pack up the Plantation). His own instrumental composition "The Lonely Surfer" became a minor hit, as did a
big-band swing arrangement of
Link Wray's "Rumble".
He eventually became arranger and conductor for producer Phil Spector, and orchestrated the ambitious Wall of Sound for the song "River Deep, Mountain High" by Ike and Tina Turner.
Besides Spector, he worked closely with West Coast session musicians such as Leon Russell, Roy Caton, Glen Campbell, Carol Kaye, and Hal Blaine in a group known as The Wrecking Crew. They created backing music for numerous sixties pop recordings by various artists such as The Beach Boys and The Monkees. Nitzsche also arranged the title song of Doris Day's Move Over, Darling that was a successful single on the pop charts of the time.
Nitzsche also was the producer and arranger for two of Bob Lind's albums: Don't Be Concerned and Photographs of Feeling; a compilation disc entitled , issued in 2007, contains the material on these two albums.
While organizing the music for
The T.A.M.I. Show television special in 1964, he met
The Rolling Stones, and went on to contribute the keyboard textures to their albums
The Rolling Stones, Now! (or
The Rolling Stones No. 2 in the UK),
Out of Our Heads,
Aftermath and
Between the Buttons, as well as the hit singles "
Paint It Black" and "
Let's Spend the Night Together" and the choral arrangements for "
You Can't Always Get What You Want". In 1968, Nitzsche introduced the band to slide guitarist
Ry Cooder, a seminal influence on the band's 1969-1973 style.
Some of Nitzsche's most enduring rock productions were conducted in collaboration with Neil Young, beginning with his production and arrangement of Buffalo Springfield's "Expecting To Fly", considered by many critics to be a touchstone of the psychedelic era. In 1968, he produced Young's eponymously titled solo debut with David Briggs. Even as the singer's style veered from the baroque to rootsy hard rock, Young continued to work with Nitzsche on some of his most commercially successful solo recordings, most notably Harvest. Nitzsche played electric piano with Crazy Horse throughout 1970 (a representative performance can be heard on the Live at the Fillmore East album) and went on to produce their sans-Young debut album a year later.
While prolific and hard working throughout the 1970s, he began to suffer from depression and problems connected with substance abuse. After he castigated Young in a drunken 1974 interview, the two men became estranged for several years and would only collaborate sporadically thereafter; later that year, he was dropped from Reprise Records' roster after recording a scathing song criticizing executive Mo Ostin. This culminated in his arrest for a violent assault on longtime girlfriend Carrie Snodgress, formerly Young's companion, in 1979.
In 1979, he produced Graham Parker's album Squeezing Out Sparks. Nitzsche produced three Willy DeVille albums beginning in the late 1970s: Cabretta (1977), Return to Magenta (1978), and Coup de Grâce (1981). Nitzsche said that DeVille was the best singer he had ever worked with.
In the 1970s he began to concentrate more on film music rather than pop music, and became one of the most prolific film orchestrators in Hollywood in the period, winning an Academy Award for Best Song for co-writing with Buffy Sainte-Marie "Up Where We Belong" from 1982's An Officer and a Gentleman. (Nitzsche had already worked with Sainte-Marie on She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina in the early 1970s.) Nitzsche had also worked on film scores throughout his career, such as his contributions to the Monkees movie Head, the theme music from Village of the Giants (recycling an earlier single, "The Last Race"), and the distinctive soundtracks for Performance, The Exorcist, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Hardcore (1979), The Razor's Edge (1984), and Starman (also 1984).
At the start of the next decade, he scored Revenge (1990). On Revenge he worked with Joanna St. Claire, who wrote, recorded and produced the original song "Are You Ready" for the film's soundtrack. Nietzsche called St. Claire "one of the most phenomenal singers I have heard or had the pleasure to work with”, and “a great, innovative songwriter”.
His intensive output declined somewhat during the rest of the decade. In the mid-1990s, a clearly inebriated Nitzsche was seen in an episode of the reality show COPS, being arrested in Hollywood after brandishing a gun at some youths who had stolen his hat. In attempting to explain himself to the arresting officers he is heard exclaiming that he was an Academy Award winner. In 1997, he expressed interest in producing a comeback album for Link Wray, although this never materialized due to their mutually declining health.
In 1983, he married Canadian/First Nations folk singer/songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie. His first wife was blue-eyed soul singer Gracia Ann May; they divorced in 1974. In the 1990s, he was frequently seen once more in the company of Snodgress.
Nitzsche suffered a stroke in 1998 that effectively ended his career. He died in Hollywood's Queen of Angels Hospital in 2000 of cardiac arrest brought on by a recurring bronchial infection. The R.E.M. instrumental b-side "2JN" was written by guitarist Peter Buck the week Nitzsche died, and the title uses his initials in tribute.
Discography
1963: The Lonely Surfer
1964: Dance To The Hits Of The Beatles
1966: Chopin '66
1972 : St. Giles Cripplegate
1978 : OSR Blue Collar
1984 : OSR The Razor's Edge
1991 : OSR The Indian Runner with David Lindley
2007 : OSR Quentin Tarantino's Death Proof (Reuses "The Last Race" as opening theme.)
Filmography
Village of the Giants (1965)
Performance (1970)
Greaser's Palace (1972)
Sticks and Bones (1973)
The Exorcist (1973)
Moment to Moment (1975)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
Heroes (1977)
Blue Collar (1978)
Hardcore (1979)
When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder? (1979)
Cruising (1980)
Heart Beat (1980)
Cutter and Bone a.k.a. Cutter's Way (1981)
Personal Best (1982)
Cannery Row (1982)
An Officer and a Gentleman (1982)
Without a Trace (1983)
Breathless (1983)
Windy City (1984)
The Razor's Edge (1984)
Starman (1984)
The Jewel of the Nile (1985)
Stripper (1986)
9½ Weeks (1986)
Stand by Me (1986)
The Whoopee Boys (1986)
Streets of Gold (1986)
The Seventh Sign (1988)
Next of Kin (1989)
Revenge (1990)
The Last of the Finest (1990)
The Hot Spot (1990)
Mermaids (1990)
The Indian Runner (1991)
Blue Sky (1994)
The Crossing Guard (1995)
References
External links
The Sorcerer's Apprentice, a fan site
Jack Nitzsche discography
Nitzsche discography at Spectropop
Category:1937 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:American film score composers
Category:American jazz saxophonists
Category:American record producers
Category:American rock saxophonists
Category:American session musicians
Category:Best Song Academy Award winning songwriters
Category:Infectious disease deaths in California
Category:Neil Young and Crazy Horse members
Category:The Rolling Stones
Category:The Wrecking Crew members
Category:People from Newaygo County, Michigan
Category:Musicians from Chicago, Illinois