Foreign direct investment (FDI) is direct investment into production in a country by a company located in another country, either by buying a company in the country or by expanding operations of an existing business in the country. Foreign direct investment is done for many reasons including to take advantage of cheaper wages in the country, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions offered by the country as an incentive to gain tariff-free access to the markets of the country or the region. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. ^{[1] [2]}

As a part of the national accounts of a country FDI refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.^[3] It is the sum of equity capital, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock of foreign direct investment", which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.^[4] FDI is one example of international factor movements.

History[link]

The figure below shows net inflows of foreign direct investment in the United States. The largest flows of foreign investment occur between the industrialized countries (North America, Western Europe and Japan).

US International Direct Investment Flows:^[5]

Types[link]

1. Horizontal FDI arises when a firm duplicates its home country-based activities at the same value chain stage in a host country through FDI.^[6]
2. Platform FDI
3. Vertical FDI takes place when a firm through FDI moves upstream or downstream in different value chains i.e., when firms perform value-adding activities stage by stage in a vertical fashion in a host country.^[7]

Whereas Horizontal FDI decrease international trade as the product of them is usually aimed at host country, the two other types generally act as a stimulus for it.

Methods[link]

The foreign direct investor may acquire voting power of an enterprise in an economy through any of the following methods:

• by incorporating a wholly owned subsidiary or company
• by acquiring shares in an associated enterprise
• through a merger or an acquisition of an unrelated enterprise
• participating in an equity joint venture with another investor or enterprise...

Foreign direct investment incentives may take the following forms:^{[citation needed]}

• low corporate tax and individual income tax rates
• tax holidays
• other types of tax concessions
• preferential tariffs
• special economic zones
• EPZ – Export Processing Zones
• Bonded Warehouses
• Maquiladoras
• investment financial subsidies
• soft loan or loan guarantees
• free land or land subsidies
• relocation & expatriation
• infrastructure subsidies
• R&D support
• derogation from regulations (usually for very large projects)

Global foreign direct investment[link]

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development said that there was no significant growth of Global FDI in 2010. In 2010 was $1,122 billion and in 2009 was $1,114 billion. The figure was 25 percent below the pre-crisis average between 2005 & 2007.^[8]

Foreign direct investment in the United States[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The United States is the world’s largest recipient of FDI. U.S. FDI totaled $194 billion in 2010. 84% of FDI in the U.S. in 2010 came from or through eight countries: Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Canada.^[9] The $2.1 trillion stock of FDI in the United States at the end of 2008 is the equivalent of approximately 16 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP).

Benefits of FDI in America: In the last 6 years, over 4000 new projects and 630,000 new jobs have been created by foreign companies, resulting in close to $314 billion in investment.^{[citation needed]} US affiliates of foreign companies have a history of paying higher wages than US corporations.^{[citation needed]} Foreign companies have in the past supported an annual US payroll of $364 billion with an average annual compensation of $68,000 per employee.^{[citation needed]}

Increased US exports through the use of multinational distribution networks. FDI has resulted in 30% of jobs for Americans in the manufacturing sector, which accounts for 12% of all manufacturing jobs in the US.

Affiliates of foreign corporations spent more than $34 billion on research and development in 2006 and continue to support many national projects. Inward FDI has led to higher productivity through increased capital, which in turn has led to high living standards.^{[10][dead link]}

Foreign direct investment in China[link]

FDI in China, also known as RFDI (Renminbi foreign direct investment), has increased considerably in the last decade reaching $185 billion in 2010.^[11] China is the second largest recipient of FDI globally. FDI into China fell by over one-third in 2009 due the Global Financial Crisis (global macroeconomic factors) but rebounded in 2010.^[12]

Foreign direct investment in India[link]

Starting from a baseline of less than $1 billion in 1990, a recent UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010–2012. As per the data, the sectors which attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and the UK were among the leading sources of FDI. According to Ernst and Young, foreign direct investment in India in 2010 was $44.8 billion, and in 2011 experienced an increase of 25% to $50.8 billion ^[13].India has seen an eight fold increase in its FDI in March 2012.^[14]

The world’s largest retailer WalMart has termed India’s decision to allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail as a “first important step” and said it will study the finer details of the new policy to determine the impact on its ability to do business in India.However this decision of the government is currently under suspension due to opposition from multiple political quarters.

Foreign direct investment and the developing world[link]

FDI provides an inflow of foreign capital and funds,investment in addition to an increase in the transfer of skills, technology, and job opportunities.^{[citation needed]} Many of the Four Asian Tigers benefited from investment abroad.^{[citation needed]} A recent meta-analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment on local firms in developing and transition countries suggest that foreign investment robustly increases local productivity growth.^[15] The Commitment to Development Index ranks the "development-friendliness" of rich country investment policies.

See also[link]

• List of countries by received FDI

References[link]

External links[link]

• UNCTAD – Division on Investment and Enterprise
• UNCTAD – FDI Statistics
• Investment Map : database provided by the UN/WTO agency "International Trade Centre" (ITC)

Diana Farrell is a member and one of two Deputy Directors of the United States National Economic Council (NEC) in the administration of President Barack Obama. She was also a member of the Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry.^[1][2] On November 22, 2010, Farrell announced that she would be leaving the administration by the end of the year. Lawrence Summers, then the Director of the NEC, who had previously announced that he would return at the end of the year to Harvard University, noted that Farrell had "played a central role" in the efforts of the administration to encourage economic growth, restructure the auto industry, and respond to the housing crisis. Summers further stated: "Her natural talent as a policy maker and her good judgment made her invaluable in setting a course for economic recovery."^[3]

Farrell most recently served as the Director of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), McKinsey & Company's economics research arm. Farrell's work has appeared in academic journals, books, and on the op–ed pages of leading international publications, and she is a frequent speaker at major U.S. and global conferences. She is the editor of an anthology series based on MGI research, published by Harvard Business Press, 2007. Together with Lowell Bryan, she is the co-author of Market Unbound, published by John Wiley & Sons, 1996. Farrell was previously a leader of McKinsey's Global Financial Institutions and Global Strategy practices. Prior to joining McKinsey, she worked for Goldman Sachs in New York. Farrell has a B.A. from Wesleyan University in Economics (College of Social Studies) and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. Farrell is a member of Council on Foreign Relations, the Bretton Woods Committee, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. She is married with two children.^[4]

In 2003, Farrell was the author of a paper in which she argued that sending American jobs overseas might be "as beneficial to the U.S. as to the destination country, probably more so."^[5]

In a video for the McKinsey Global Institute, where she formerly served as a director, Farrell describes four "newly powerful" brokers. One of these is "Asian economies which are...generating significant surpluses."^[6]

Farrell is a supporter of regulation of large banks. In an interview with National Public Radio, she stated: "We have created them, and we're sort of past that point, and I think that in some sense, the genie's out of the bottle and what we need to do is to manage them and to oversee them, as opposed to hark back to a time that we're unlikely to ever come back to or want to come back to."^[7]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Diana Farrell at WhoRunsGov at The Washington Post
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Works by or about Diana Farrell in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Biography at McKinsey & Company, World Economic Forum 2005
• Author info at Bloomberg Businessweek
• Biography at UN.org

v t e Obama Administration personnel v t e Cabinet and cabinet-level Office Name Term Office Name Term Secretary of State Hillary Clinton 2009– Secretary of Treasury Timothy Geithner 2009– Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta 2011– Attorney General Eric Holder 2009– Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar 2009– Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack 2009– Secretary of Commerce John Bryson 2011– Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis 2009– Secretary of Health and   Human Services Kathleen Sebelius 2009– Secretary of Education Secretary of Transportation Arne Duncan Ray LaHood 2009– 2009– Secretary of Housing and Urban   Development Shaun Donovan 2009– Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki 2009– Secretary of Energy Steven Chu 2009– Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano 2009– Vice President Joe Biden 2009– White House Chief of Staff Jacob Lew 2012– Director of the Office of Management and   Budget Vacant 2012– Administrator of the Environmental   Protection Agency Lisa Jackson 2009– Ambassador to the United Nations Trade Representative Susan Rice Ron Kirk 2009– 2009– Chair of the Council of Economic   Advisers Alan B. 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Subodh Gupta (born in 1964) is an artist based in New Delhi. He was born in Khagaul, land famous for ancient mathematician Aryabhatta in Patna. He studied at the College of Art, Patna in 1983–1988, before moving to New Delhi where he currently lives and works. Trained as a painter, he went on to experiment with a variety of media. His work encompasses sculpture, installation, painting, photography, performance and video. He is married to artist Bharti Kher.

Work[link]

Subodh Gupta is best known for incorporating everyday objects that are ubiquitous throughout India, such as the steel tiffin boxes used by millions to carry their lunch as well as thali pans, bicycles, and milk pails. From such ordinary items the artist produces sculptures that reflect on the economic transformation of his homeland and which relate to Gupta's own life and memories. As Gupta says: 'All these things were part of the way I grew up. They are used in the rituals and ceremonies that were part of my childhood. Indians either remember them from their youth, or they want to remember them.'^[1] And: 'I am the idol thief. I steal from the drama of Hindu life. And from the kitchen - these pots, they are like stolen gods, smuggled out of the country. Hindu kitchens are as important as prayer rooms.'^[2]

Gupta transforms the icons of Indian everyday life into artworks that are readable globally. He is among a generation of young Indian artists whose commentary tells of a country on the move, fuelled by boiling economic growth and a more materialistic mindset. Gupta's strategy of appropriating everyday objects and turning them into artworks that dissolve their former meaning and function brings him close to artists like Duchamp; The Guardian called him 'the Damien Hirst of Delhi.'^[3] He succeeds in finding an art language that references India and at the same time can be appreciated for its aesthetic throughout world; as Gupta says: 'Art language is the same all over the world. Which allows me to be anywhere.'^[4]

One of his recent major works, consisting of Indian cooking utensils, is 'Line of Control' (2008), a colossal mushroom cloud constructed entirely of pots and pans. The work was shown in the Tate Triennial at Tate Britain in 2009.

Painting is also an important part of Subodh Gupta's art practice. His series 'Still Steal Steel' consists of photorealistic paintings of kitchen utensils falling and moving in space. In his early paintings, Gupta used another element of Indian every day life, cow dung. This is used in India for building houses and as fuel for cooking fires. Moreover, it is a cleaning agent. The idea that cow dung is inherently clean is ingrained in rural India. There, it is a purifying element, both ritual and symbolic. In his video 'Pure' (2000, 9 min.), Gupta takes the detergent concept literally and has filmed himself taking a shower, to free himself of the thick layer of dung that covers his body.

An earlier series of paintings is 'Saat Samunder Paar'. Baggages, migration and the "return home" have been enduring concerns of Subodh Gupta. It is a theme that crystallised in works such as 'Across the Seven Seas' (2006) where he uses baggage trolleys of modern airports to allude to the grim historical reality of migration from India, especially from his home state of Bihar.

In works that Subodh Gupta presented at Hauser & Wirth in October 2009, the artist moved away from composite sculptures toward objects that possess an auratic quality. Ready-made commodities experience transformations in scale and material. Relations to European art history were now to be found. Among the new works is a three-dimensional reworking in bronze of Duchamp's mustachioed Mona Lisa 'L.H.O.O.Q.' (1919).

His oil on canvas painting 'Saat Samundar Paar' went under the hammer for Rs 3.4 crores in the Saffronart autumn online auction.^[5] In 2008, he along with several other artists raised 3.93 crores for Bihar flood victims.^[6]

In 2010, Gupta designed the stage set for the ballet CREATION 2010 by Angelin Preljocaj, the French choreographer. The ballet was produced by the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow, and the Ballet Preljocaj.

Recent solo exhibitions include 2011's ' Et Tu, Duchamp', at the KÖR am Kunsthalle in Vienna and ' A glass of water' at Hauser & Wirth, New York.

Subodh Gupta is represented by Hauser & Wirth.

Selected solo exhibitions[link]

2011

• A glass of water, Hauser & Wirth, New York NY
• Sara Hildén Art Museum, Tampere, Finland

2010

• Faith Matters, PinchukArtCentre, Kiev, Ukraine
• Take off your shoes and wash your hands, Tramway, Glasgow, UK
• Arario Gallery, Cheonan, Korea
• Arario Gallery, Seoul, Korea
• Et tu, Duchamp, KÖR Kunst im öffentlichen Raum Kunsthalle Wien project space, Vienna, Austria
• Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India
• Hauser & Wirth, Zurich, Switzerland

2009

• Common Man, Hauser & Wirth, London, UK
• Line of Control, The Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia

2008

• Still Steal Steel, Jack Shainman Gallery, New York City, USA
• There is always Cinema, Galleria Continua, San Gimignano, Italy
• Line of Control, Arario Beijing, China

2007

• Start.Stop, Bodhi Art Gallery, Bombay
• Silk Route, Baltic Art Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
• Idol Thief, IN SITU - Fabienne Leclerc, Paris, France

2006

• Hungry God, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi
• Artes Mundi Prize, Cardiff National Museum, UK

2005

• Jootha, IN SITU - Fabienne Leclerc, Paris, France
• I go home every single day, Jack Shainman Gallery, New York NY, USA
• Jootha, Sakshi Gallery, Mumbai, India

2004

• I go home every single day, The Showroom Gallery, London, UK

'2003

• Saat Samunder Paar, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India
• This side is the other side, Art & Public, Geneva, Switzerland

2000

• Recent Works, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India

1999

• Recent Works, Gallery Foundation for Indian Art, Amsterdam, Netherlands

1997

• Bose Pacia Modern, New York NY, USA
• The Way Home, Gallery Chemould, Mumbai, India

1996

• Grey Zones, Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai, India

Selected group exhibitions[link]

2011

• Beijing Online Inlive. 10 Hands 100 Fingers, Beijing, China
• Camulodunum, Firstsite, Colchester, England
• One, Another, FLAG Art Foundation, New York NY
• Home Spun, Devi Art Foundation, New Delhi, India
• Artzuid 2011, Avenues of Berlage's Plan-Zuid, Amsterdam, Netherlands
• Indian Highway V, MAXXI Museo Nazionale delle Arti del XXI Secolo, Rome, Italy (Travelling Exhibition)
• Eating Art: From Goya to Ferran Adrià, La Peddrera, CatalunyaCaixa, Barcelona, Spain
• In Praise of Doubt, Punta della Dogana, François Pinault Foundation, Venice, Italy
• Paris-Delhi-Bombay, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
• Indian Highway IV, Lyon Museum of Contemporary Art, Lyon, France (Travelling Exhibition)
• Time Unfolded, Kiran Nadar Museum of Contemporary Art, New Delhi, India

2010

• Hareng Sauer: Ensor and Contemporary Art, S.M.A.K - Stedelijk Museum voor Actueke Kunst, Ghent, Belgium
• REM(A)INDERS, Galleria Continua, Beijiing, China
• Da Sopra, Castello Svevo di Bari, Bari, Italy
• C'est La Vie. Vanities from Caravaggio to Damien Hirst, Fondation Dina Vierny, Paris, France
• The Empire Strikes Back: Indian Art Today, The Saatchi Gallery, London, England
• Contemplating the Void, Guggenheim Museum, New York NY

2009

• The Sixth Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art, Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, Australia
• Altermodern. Tate Triennial 2009, Tate Britain, London, UK
• Un certain État du Monde?, The Garage Centre for Contemporary Culture in Moscow, Russia
• The 4th Fukuoka Asian Art Triennial, Fukuoka Asian Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
• Chalo! India: A New Era of Indian Art, Essl Museum, Klosterneuburg, Austria (Travelling Exhibition)
• Indian Highway, Astrup Fearnley Museum, Oslo, Norway (Travelling Exhibition)
• Chalo! India: A New Era of Indian Art, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, Korea (Travelling Exhibition)

2008

• Lustwarande 08 - Wanderland. 3rd Edition Lustwarande, Park de Oude Warande & Museum De Pont, Tilburg, Netherlands
• Re-imagining Asia. A Thousand Years of Separation, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (Travelling Exhibition)
• Distant Nearness, The Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art at Johnson Community College, Kansas City KS
• Aurum. Gold in der zeitgenössischen Kunst, Centre PasquArt, Biel, Switzerland
• Martian Museum of Terrestrial Art, Barbican Art Gallery, London, England
• Heavy Metal: The Inexplicable Lightness of a Material, Kunsthalle zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
• India Moderna, Institut Valencia d'Art Modern, Valencia, Spain
• God & Goods – Spirituality and Mass Confusion, Villa Manin, Udine, Italy
• Indian Focus. Artistes Indiens Contemporains dans la Collection de Claude Berri, Espace Claude Berri, Paris, France
• Chalo! India: A new Era of Indian Art, Mori Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan (Travelling Exhibition)
• Indian Highway, Serpentine Gallery, London, England (Travelling Exhibition)
• Where in the World, Devi Art Foundation, New Delhi, India

2007

• Sequence 1. Painting & Sculpture from the François Pinault Collection, Palazzo Grassi, Venice, Italy
• Edge Of Desire: Recent Art in India, National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai, India (Travelling Exhibition)
• New Delhi – New Wave, Primo Marella Gallery, Milan, Italy
• India: Public Places / Private Spaces, The Newark Museum, Newark NJ, USA

2006

• Hungry God, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
• Sequence 1. Painting and Sculpture from the François Pinault Collection, Venice, Italy
• Altered, Stiched & Gathered, P.S.1 MoMA, New York NY, USA
• Venice – Istanbul, Istanbul Modern, Istanbul, Turkey
• Taipei Biennial 2006, China
• Lille 3000, Lille, France
• Edge Of Desire: Recent Art in India, Montalvo Arts Center, Saratoga CA, USA (Travelling Exhibition)
• Edge Of Desire: Recent Art in India, Berkeley Art Museum, Berkeley CA, USA (Travelling Exhibition

2005

• Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, Queens Museum of Modern Art, Queens NY (Travelling Exhibition)
• Edge of Desire: Recent Art in India, The Asia Society, New York NY (Travelling Exhibition)
• 51st Venice Biennale, Italy
• Weightless Space, The Herzliya Museum Of Contemporary Art, Israel
• The Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, Dialectics of Hope, Russia
• Universal Experience: Art, Life and the Tourist's Eye, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago IL, USA (Travelling Exhibition)
• Universal Experience: Art, Life and the Tourist's Eye, Hayward Gallery, London, England (Travelling Exhibition)

2004

• Indian Video Art: History in Motion, Fukuopka Asian Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan
• Edge Of Desire: Recent Art in India, The Art Gallery Of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
• Vanitas Vanitatum, Sakshi Gallery, Mumbai, India

2003

• 8. Biennale Havanna, Cuba
• Body. City. Citing Contemporary Culture in India, House of World Cultures, Berlin, Germany
• The Tree from the Seed, Contemporary Art from India, Henie Onstad Kunstsenter, Høvikodden, Norway

2002

• Creative Space, Sakshi Gallery at Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
• Self: Contemporary Indian Video Art, IMA - Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia
• Inaugural Show, Palais de Toyko, Paris, France
• Kapital & Karma, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, Austria
• Photosphere, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India

2001

• Post Production (Sampling, Programming & Displaying), Galleria Continua, San Gimignano, Italy
• Context as Content – Museum as Metaphor – Museum of Fine Art, Museum of Fine Art, Chandigarh, India (Travelling Exhibition)
• Context as Content / Museum as Metaphor, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India (Travelling Exhibition)

2000

• Vilas, Birla Academy, Mumbai, India
• Kwangju Biennial, Korea
• Invisible Boundary: Metamorphosed Asian Art, Utsunomiya Museum of Art, Japan

1999

• Fukuoka Asian Art Triennial, Fukuoka, Japan
• Of, based on, or obtained, Gallery Nature Morte, New Delhi, India

1998

• New Millenum, New Media, Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai, India

1997

• UNESCO-ASHBERG Bursaries for Artists hosted by InIVA, Gaswork Studios, London, England
• Points of Contact, Shirley Fiterman Gallery, New York NY, USA
• Khoj International Artists Exhibition, British Council, New Delhi, India

1996

• Indo-Cuban Exhibition of Contemporary Art, Lalit Kala Academy, New Delhi, India

1995

• Nessuno Tocchi Caino (Hands off Cain,), La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy

Selected works[link]

• Et tu, Duchamp?, black bronze, 114 x 88 x 59 cm, 2009
• Jeff the Koons, aluminium, painted, 2009
• Aam Aadmi, painted bronze mangoes, 2009
• Wall, fibreglass cast of tree and wall, 2009
• Spooning, 2 cast spoons, stainless steel, 34 x 275 x 52 cm, 2009
• Line of Control, stainless steel utensils, 10 x 10 x 10 m, 2008
• Date by Date, installation, 2008
• Mind shut down, skull of stainless steel utensils and old utensils, 240 x 150 x 205 cm, 2008
• Still Steal Steel #9, oil and enamel on canvas, 198 x 364 cm, 2008
• Still Steal Steel #8, oil and enamel on canvas, 198 x 364 cm, 2008
• School, 45 brass cast stools and stainless steel utensils, installation, 2008
• Gandhi's Three Monkeys, bronze, old utensils, steel, three heads, one with terrorist mask, one with military helmet, one with gas mask, 2007–2008
• Faith matters, sushibelt with cooking utensils, 2007–2008
• U.F.O., brass and stainless steel utensils, 2007
• 1 kg War, 1 kg gold, 24 carat, 2007
• Potato Eaters, bronze potatoes, plastic bag, 45 x 35 x 15 cm, 2007
• Bhandarghar, Indian pots, metal, ropes, 2007
• Leap of Faith, stainless steel buckets, 700 x 180 x 180 cm, 2006
• Cheap Rice, life size rickshaw, brass utensils, metal, 170 x 120 x 280 cm, 2006
• Very Hungry God, skull of stainless steel utensils, 2006
• Across Seven Seas, conveyor belt with luggage cast in bronze and aluminium, 2006
• Curry, stainless steel utensils, 5 cabinets, 360 x 270 x 330 cm each cabinet, 2006
• Cow, lifesize aluminium and bronze cast from bicycle and milk pails, 2005
• Everything is Inside, taxi roof, luggage cast in bronze, 162 x 276 x 104 cm, 2004
• Doot, lifesize aluminium cast of an Ambassador car, 2003
• Saat Samunder Paar VII, oil on canvas, 167 x 228 cm, 2003
• Bihari, cow dung, acrylic, sequence light on handmade paper, 109 x 76 cm, 1999
• How to spell cow in Hindi (III), oil, acrylic, cowdung on canvas, 225 x 153 cm, 1999

Selected films and performances[link]

• Still Life Juggler, film on DVD, 1:50', 2008
• All Things are Inside, film on DVD, 4:30', 2007
• Haasil, appeared in his friend Tigmanshu Dhulia's film, 2003
• Pure (I), performance at Khoj workshop, Modi Nagar, India, 1999
• Pure, video on DVD, 9', 1999

See also[link]

• Gallery Nature Morte's Subodh Gupta page for biography, curriculum vitae and images.
• hauserwirth.com^[7]

Biography, bibliography, images and press - Subodh Gupta

• artfacts.net^[8]

Additional information and images – Subodh Gupta

• artnet.com^[9]

Various other resources and images – Subodh Gupta

• artists-org^[10]

Modern and contemporary artists and art – Subodh Gupta

• artpublic.ch^[11]

Raised in the northern province of Bihar (India's poorest and most violent) Subodh Gupta spent his formative years traveling with a Hindi language theatre group, working as a set designer and fabricator as well as an actor.

• bbc.co.uk^[12]

In her exhibition entitled Around and Around 1000 Times, Schandra Singh presents large-scale paintings that address the issue of escapism as a means of coping with suffering.

• paletteartgallery.com^[13]

Subodh Gupta was born in Khagaul, Bihar. He did his BFA (Painting) from the College of Art Patna. He has had several solo shows including one at Bose Pacia Modern, New York in 1997.

• jackshainman.com^[14]

American Gallery representing Subodh Gupta – additional images and information on past and current exhibitions

• universes-in-universe.de^[15]

• The installation refers to Indian workers in the Gulf States. On their way home after months of slaving away and living in the closest of quarters, they proudly carry their acquisitions with them in such cartons (never in suitcases).

• saatchigallery.com^[16]

Whilst the skull on everyone's lips of late has been Damien Hirst's diamond-encrusted 'For the Love of God', the skull exciting many people at the Venice Biennale is by Indian artist Subodh Gupta. 'Very Hungry God', an enormous skull made out of stainless steel utensils, was first exhibited in Paris in 2006 and is now in the collection of François Pinault. 'Very Hungry God' is currently on view by the Grand Canal outside Pinault's Palazzo Grassi in Venice. Subdoh explains here the background to this work.

• manchesterinternationalfestival.com^[17]

Subodh Gupta is one of India's most prolific artists and has participated in numerous highly-acclaimed international exhibitions. Gupta works in a wide range of mediums from sculpture and painting to installation, photography, video and performance.

• asianart.com^[18]

New Perspectives From India – images of work by contemporary Indian artists, including work of Subodh Gupta

• artsmundi.org^[19]

Subodh Gupta works in a wide range of mediums from sculpture and painting to installation, photography, video and performance. He elevates the status of found objects from everyday items to artworks; using the products of rural India such as cow dung, milk buckets, kitchen utensils, scooters, guns and gulal powder as his materials.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Subodh Gupta at Hauser & Wirth
• Subodh Gupta at Gallery Nature Morte
• Subodh Gupta Solo review at Arario on The Arts Trust Online Magazine
• Subodh Gupta on ArtNet.com
• More information and images from the Saatchi Gallery
• Further images and biography from Jack Shainman
• Galleria Continua