- published: 24 Jul 2014
- views: 84
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Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus )
Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize a female face on the moon).
( Ai- Khanoum) is presumed to be (Alexandria-Oxiana), founded by Alexander.
(Ai Khanoum) and was excavated by French archaeologists and looks surprisingly like a Greek city, including temples, a heroön, palace, colonnaded courts, city wall, gymnasium (sport school), houses, Corinthian columns, free-standing statues, and a theater wth 5,000 seats. The citadel, which is on a 60 m high loess-covered natural mound, has not been investigated yet, although it must have had massive walls and high towers.
Cybele dish from Ai Khanum.
Among the finds are Greek and Indian coins, several inscriptions, sundials, jewelry, a famous plate showing the Phrygian goddess Cybele, the Greek god Helios,
Alexandria is situated on the confluence of the mighty Amudar'ya (the ancient Oxus) and the Kokcha. Across the river is a spectacular wall of steep rocks. The city became rich because it controlled the trade in lapis lazuli, but it was also situated on the Silk road
Ai Khanum is an example of genuine, solid Hellenistic city with Greek architecture and institutions, a huge majestic structure with the characteristic central avenue, an Acropolis, Temple of Zeus, Palace, Theatre, Gymnasium dedicated to Hercules, Library, public fountains, statues, Greek pillars, and philosophical epigrams carved on the city's monuments, based on Delphic maxims. The city cleverly blended the local elements with the Hellenic civilization.
Numerous artifacts and structures were found, pointing to a high Hellenistic culture, combined with Eastern influences. It has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards. It seems the city was destroyed, never to be rebuilt, about the time of the death of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides around 145 BC.
The second great center of Hellenistic civilization was Bactria, in Central Asia. The Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms developed there, with forty Greek kings ruling the region in succession, as far deep inside India, for three centuries. The Greek kings established some Greek cities and introduced the Greek coins in these areas (some of the attic type) with Greek gods on the rear. Thousands of coins were discovered showing the Greek cultural influence, the high level of civilization, the wealth of the area and the Hellenic influence on the cultural and economic life of the local people.
THE ancient site of Ai Khanoum was for the past 10 years the target of systematically planned illicit digs. This is little less than tragic for our contemporary understanding of ancient cultural interactions. One of the most significant contributions towards an understanding of Greek presence in Bactria was made through the Ai Khanoum excavations led by French archaeologists under Prof. P. Bernard.
The ruins of Ai Khanoum stand on the left bank of the Oxus river at its meeting point with its tributary, the Kokcha. This triangular area at the confluence of the Oxus and the Kokcha was a strategic choice the Greeks made. It was a well-placed military outpost to control the eastern territories of ancient Bactria. The topography of the site, with a natural acropolis about 60 m higher than the surrounding areas and protected by the two rivers from the west and the south, made it an ideal choice for the Greek city planners. The residential quarters and public buildings - namely the gymnasium, the temple, the fortifications, the royal palace and the administrative apparatus - were built in the lower part of the site, which was less exposed to the winds than the acropolis.
The discoveries made at Ai Khanoum by the French archaeologists demonstrate how the Greek artists of Ai Khanoum not only remained attached to the Greek traditions but also in some ways perpetuated a classical style. For example, the mosaic floor of the palace bathroom displaying dolphins, sea horses and sea monsters was made by setting a field of dark red pebbles, instead of the square-cut stones of the later style.
- published: 09 Jan 2011
- views: 16746
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ."
Dayuan, north of Bactria, was a nation centered in the Ferghana Valley of present-day Central Asia, and even as early as the Han dynasty, China projected its military power to that area. The Han imperial regime required Ferghana horses and imported such great numbers of them that the rulers of Ferghana closed their borders to such trade. That move resulted in a war that China won. In 102 CE, the Chinese required of the defeated Ferghana that they provide at least ten of their finest horses for breeding purposes, and three thousand Ferghana horses of ordinary quality. However, there are other views: the "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Book of Han" provide no description of Ferghana horses, and as it seemed from these chronicles they were not employed in any known Han expeditions and campaigns.
Chinese statuary and paintings, as well as the Bactrian coin shown above, indicate that these horses had legs that were proportionally short, powerful crests, and round barrels. The forelegs of the Chinese depictions are very straight, resembling the Guoxia horse of present-day China. According to tradition, these horses sweat blood, giving rise to the name: "sweats blood horse" . Modern authorities believe that blood-sucking parasites caused sweat to get mixed with blood when the horses were worked.
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Background Music:
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This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferghana+horse, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
- published: 11 Aug 2015
- views: 43
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regarding the behaviour and role: to speak Greek; to engage with the local religious practices of his particular kingdom, which might include democratic institutions, priestly classes, or peoples familiar with subordination to kings; to tax his subject peoples and to issue coins; to engage in warfare, hunting, feasting, and other many activities; to engage in euergetism, that exchange of gifts and grants in return for expressions of civic gratitude which came to characterize the Hellenistic urban landscape; to enact decrees and disseminate correspondence which might lend itself to public display, for example in some inscriptions; to maintain a Macedonian-style court, with family members, close companions, bodyguards, visiting dignitaries, and functionaries, operating under its own code of conduct; and finally, to articulate his personal qualities through the visual and literary arts, in a manner which we shall explore in this chapter.
...
The leg lift
A different arrangement of the legs and hips can be seen in the small bronze statuette of Demetrios Poliorketes from the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum (Fig. 1.3). It shows a diademed ruler, wrapped in a chlamys, with its right leg raised on a rock and its body leaning forward to rest his elbow on his knee. The pose is a familiar one from the Classical period, for example in the figure of the satyr actor on the Pronomos vase, used to denote rest activity. But in the Hellenistic ruler repertoire, the pose benefits from particular associations with divine body language. A tetradrachm of Demetrios Poliorketes (Fig. 1.4) shows Poseidon striking the same pose, but with his left hand raised to hold a trident, a composition known as the Lateran Poseidon type.
The connection between this prose and divinity is significant. Not only is the posture the same, but the bronze ruler himself sports the divine attributes of goat’s horns (as indeed does the portrait of Demetrios Poliorketes on the obverse of Fig. 1.4), which indicates an intentional assimilation of high-status body language. The upward gazing head and the forward leaning torso allow both the coin image of Poseidon and the Demetrios statuette to confidently take possession of a large amount of space, while the asymmetrical relaxed posture of the raised leg and resting elbow correspond to the confidence traits identified by behavioural scientists."
Body Language in Hellenistic Art and Society, by Jane Masséglia, Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation, Oxford University Press, 26 March 2015, is available here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/body-language-in-hellenistic-art-and-society-9780198723592?pubdatemonthto=&pubdatemonthfrom;=&pubdateyearfrom;=&pubdatemonthfrom;_default=select%20month&author;=&title;=&pubdatemonthto;_default=select%20month&pubdateyearto;=&bic;=&submitAdvSrch;=Search⟨=en&cc;=gb
Track: Cold Feet
Artist: Couros (https://majesticartists.io/majesticcasual/couros-cold-feet)
Label: Majestic Casual
Release Date: February 3, 2016
Photograph: Gold 20-stater of Eukratides, the largest gold coin ever minted in Antiquity. The coin weighs 169.2 grams, and has a diameter of 58 millimeters. On the obverse it shows the helmeted, draped and diademed bust of Eukratides. On the reverse, the Dioskouri are shown on horses prancing right, holding lances; monogram; the inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ ("coin of" Great King Eukratides"). It was originally found in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and later acquired by Napoleon III. Today it is at the Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (http://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/report/index.html).
Eukratides I (Εὐκρατίδης Α΄; reigned c. 171–145 BC), was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. Eukratides came to the throne by overthrowing the dynasty of Euthydemos I in Bactria, whose son Demetrios I Aniketos (Invincible) had conquered northwestern India. Having become master of Bactria, Eukratides also acquired the western parts of the Greek-Indian Kingdom after he defeated in battle the enigmatic Greek-Indian king Demetrios II, who is being mentioned in Justin's Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus as "Demetrios, King of the Indians".
- published: 02 Sep 2016
- views: 20
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and according to the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BC, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men".It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda.[8] In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD.
According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
- published: 18 Mar 2016
- views: 189
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins
The history of Ancient Greek coinage can be divided (along with most other Greek art forms) into three periods, the Archaic, the Classical, and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began, and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC, which began the Hellenistic period, extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Roman provincial coins or Greek Imperial Coins.
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The Hellenistic period was characterised by the spread of Greek culture across a large part of the known world. Greek-speaking kingdoms were established in Egypt and Syria, and for a time also in Iran and as far east as what is now Afghanistan and northwestern India. Greek traders spread Greek coins across this vast area, and the new kingdoms soon began to produce their own coins. Because these kingdoms were much larger and wealthier than the Greek city states of the classical period, their coins tended to be more mass-produced, as well as larger, and more frequently in gold. They often lacked the aesthetic delicacy of coins of the earlier period.
Still, some of the Greco-Bactrian coins, and those of their successors in India, the Indo-Greeks, are considered the finest examples of Greek numismatic art with "a nice blend of realism and idealization", including the largest coins to be minted in the Hellenistic world: the largest gold coin was minted by Eucratides (reigned 171--145 BC), the largest silver coin by the Indo-Greek king Amyntas Nikator (reigned c. 95--90 BC). The portraits "show a degree of individuality never matched by the often bland depictions of their royal contemporaries further West" (Roger Ling, "Greece and the Hellenistic World").
The most striking new feature of Hellenistic coins was the use of portraits of living people, namely of the kings themselves. This practice had begun in Sicily, but was disapproved of by other Greeks as showing hubris (arrogance). But the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria had no such scruples: having already awarded themselves with "divine" status, they issued magnificent gold coins adorned with their own portraits, with the symbols of their state on the reverse. The names of the kings were frequently inscribed on the coin as well. This established a pattern for coins which has persisted ever since: a portrait of the king, usually in profile and striking a heroic pose, on the obverse, with his name beside him, and a coat of arms or other symbol of state on the reverse.
- published: 01 May 2013
- views: 4028
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SHORT HISTORY OF PESHAWAR ;
Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Peshawar is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and by the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan. Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history goes back as far as at least 539 BC, making it the oldest living city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Ancient Peshawar
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men". It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda. In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD. According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
- published: 09 Mar 2016
- views: 38
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2:03Bactria - Eucratides I | Peace
Bactria - Eucratides I | PeaceBactria - Eucratides I | Peace
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3:26Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانومHellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus ) Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize a female face on the moon). ( Ai- Khanoum) is presumed to be (Alexandria-Oxiana), founded by Alexander. (Ai Khanoum) and was excavated by French archaeologists and looks surprisingly like a Greek city, including temples, a heroön, palace, colonnaded courts, city wall, gymnasium (sport school), houses, Corinthian columns, free-standing statues, and a theater wth 5,000 seats. The citadel, which is on a 60 m high loess-covered natural mound, has not been investigated yet, although it must have had massive walls and high towers. Cybele dish from Ai Khanum. Among the finds are Greek and Indian coins, several inscriptions, sundials, jewelry, a famous plate showing the Phrygian goddess Cybele, the Greek god Helios, Alexandria is situated on the confluence of the mighty Amudar'ya (the ancient Oxus) and the Kokcha. Across the river is a spectacular wall of steep rocks. The city became rich because it controlled the trade in lapis lazuli, but it was also situated on the Silk road Ai Khanum is an example of genuine, solid Hellenistic city with Greek architecture and institutions, a huge majestic structure with the characteristic central avenue, an Acropolis, Temple of Zeus, Palace, Theatre, Gymnasium dedicated to Hercules, Library, public fountains, statues, Greek pillars, and philosophical epigrams carved on the city's monuments, based on Delphic maxims. The city cleverly blended the local elements with the Hellenic civilization. Numerous artifacts and structures were found, pointing to a high Hellenistic culture, combined with Eastern influences. It has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards. It seems the city was destroyed, never to be rebuilt, about the time of the death of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides around 145 BC. The second great center of Hellenistic civilization was Bactria, in Central Asia. The Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms developed there, with forty Greek kings ruling the region in succession, as far deep inside India, for three centuries. The Greek kings established some Greek cities and introduced the Greek coins in these areas (some of the attic type) with Greek gods on the rear. Thousands of coins were discovered showing the Greek cultural influence, the high level of civilization, the wealth of the area and the Hellenic influence on the cultural and economic life of the local people. THE ancient site of Ai Khanoum was for the past 10 years the target of systematically planned illicit digs. This is little less than tragic for our contemporary understanding of ancient cultural interactions. One of the most significant contributions towards an understanding of Greek presence in Bactria was made through the Ai Khanoum excavations led by French archaeologists under Prof. P. Bernard. The ruins of Ai Khanoum stand on the left bank of the Oxus river at its meeting point with its tributary, the Kokcha. This triangular area at the confluence of the Oxus and the Kokcha was a strategic choice the Greeks made. It was a well-placed military outpost to control the eastern territories of ancient Bactria. The topography of the site, with a natural acropolis about 60 m higher than the surrounding areas and protected by the two rivers from the west and the south, made it an ideal choice for the Greek city planners. The residential quarters and public buildings - namely the gymnasium, the temple, the fortifications, the royal palace and the administrative apparatus - were built in the lower part of the site, which was less exposed to the winds than the acropolis. The discoveries made at Ai Khanoum by the French archaeologists demonstrate how the Greek artists of Ai Khanoum not only remained attached to the Greek traditions but also in some ways perpetuated a classical style. For example, the mosaic floor of the palace bathroom displaying dolphins, sea horses and sea monsters was made by setting a field of dark red pebbles, instead of the square-cut stones of the later style. -
6:03The Greco - Bactrian Kingdom
The Greco - Bactrian Kingdom -
2:04Ferghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.com
Ferghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.comFerghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.com
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ." Dayuan, north of Bactria, was a nation centered in the Ferghana Valley of present-day Central Asia, and even as early as the Han dynasty, China projected its military power to that area. The Han imperial regime required Ferghana horses and imported such great numbers of them that the rulers of Ferghana closed their borders to such trade. That move resulted in a war that China won. In 102 CE, the Chinese required of the defeated Ferghana that they provide at least ten of their finest horses for breeding purposes, and three thousand Ferghana horses of ordinary quality. However, there are other views: the "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Book of Han" provide no description of Ferghana horses, and as it seemed from these chronicles they were not employed in any known Han expeditions and campaigns. Chinese statuary and paintings, as well as the Bactrian coin shown above, indicate that these horses had legs that were proportionally short, powerful crests, and round barrels. The forelegs of the Chinese depictions are very straight, resembling the Guoxia horse of present-day China. According to tradition, these horses sweat blood, giving rise to the name: "sweats blood horse" . Modern authorities believe that blood-sucking parasites caused sweat to get mixed with blood when the horses were worked. Wiz Science™ is "the" learning channel for children and all ages. SUBSCRIBE TODAY Disclaimer: This video is for your information only. The author or publisher does not guarantee the accuracy of the content presented in this video. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Background Music: "The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library. This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferghana+horse, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms. -
3:29ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΗΣ
ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΗΣΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΗΣ
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regarding the behaviour and role: to speak Greek; to engage with the local religious practices of his particular kingdom, which might include democratic institutions, priestly classes, or peoples familiar with subordination to kings; to tax his subject peoples and to issue coins; to engage in warfare, hunting, feasting, and other many activities; to engage in euergetism, that exchange of gifts and grants in return for expressions of civic gratitude which came to characterize the Hellenistic urban landscape; to enact decrees and disseminate correspondence which might lend itself to public display, for example in some inscriptions; to maintain a Macedonian-style court, with family members, close companions, bodyguards, visiting dignitaries, and functionaries, operating under its own code of conduct; and finally, to articulate his personal qualities through the visual and literary arts, in a manner which we shall explore in this chapter. ... The leg lift A different arrangement of the legs and hips can be seen in the small bronze statuette of Demetrios Poliorketes from the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum (Fig. 1.3). It shows a diademed ruler, wrapped in a chlamys, with its right leg raised on a rock and its body leaning forward to rest his elbow on his knee. The pose is a familiar one from the Classical period, for example in the figure of the satyr actor on the Pronomos vase, used to denote rest activity. But in the Hellenistic ruler repertoire, the pose benefits from particular associations with divine body language. A tetradrachm of Demetrios Poliorketes (Fig. 1.4) shows Poseidon striking the same pose, but with his left hand raised to hold a trident, a composition known as the Lateran Poseidon type. The connection between this prose and divinity is significant. Not only is the posture the same, but the bronze ruler himself sports the divine attributes of goat’s horns (as indeed does the portrait of Demetrios Poliorketes on the obverse of Fig. 1.4), which indicates an intentional assimilation of high-status body language. The upward gazing head and the forward leaning torso allow both the coin image of Poseidon and the Demetrios statuette to confidently take possession of a large amount of space, while the asymmetrical relaxed posture of the raised leg and resting elbow correspond to the confidence traits identified by behavioural scientists." Body Language in Hellenistic Art and Society, by Jane Masséglia, Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation, Oxford University Press, 26 March 2015, is available here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/body-language-in-hellenistic-art-and-society-9780198723592?pubdatemonthto=&pubdatemonthfrom;=&pubdateyearfrom;=&pubdatemonthfrom;_default=select%20month&author;=&title;=&pubdatemonthto;_default=select%20month&pubdateyearto;=&bic;=&submitAdvSrch;=Search⟨=en&cc;=gb Track: Cold Feet Artist: Couros (https://majesticartists.io/majesticcasual/couros-cold-feet) Label: Majestic Casual Release Date: February 3, 2016 Photograph: Gold 20-stater of Eukratides, the largest gold coin ever minted in Antiquity. The coin weighs 169.2 grams, and has a diameter of 58 millimeters. On the obverse it shows the helmeted, draped and diademed bust of Eukratides. On the reverse, the Dioskouri are shown on horses prancing right, holding lances; monogram; the inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ ("coin of" Great King Eukratides"). It was originally found in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and later acquired by Napoleon III. Today it is at the Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (http://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/report/index.html). Eukratides I (Εὐκρατίδης Α΄; reigned c. 171–145 BC), was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. Eukratides came to the throne by overthrowing the dynasty of Euthydemos I in Bactria, whose son Demetrios I Aniketos (Invincible) had conquered northwestern India. Having become master of Bactria, Eukratides also acquired the western parts of the Greek-Indian Kingdom after he defeated in battle the enigmatic Greek-Indian king Demetrios II, who is being mentioned in Justin's Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus as "Demetrios, King of the Indians". -
6:15Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROADTravel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and according to the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River. Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BC, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia. Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men".It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby. Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda.[8] In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati. The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD. According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time. -
4:19Ancient Macedonian Coins
Ancient Macedonian CoinsAncient Macedonian Coins
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins The history of Ancient Greek coinage can be divided (along with most other Greek art forms) into three periods, the Archaic, the Classical, and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began, and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC, which began the Hellenistic period, extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Roman provincial coins or Greek Imperial Coins. - The Hellenistic period was characterised by the spread of Greek culture across a large part of the known world. Greek-speaking kingdoms were established in Egypt and Syria, and for a time also in Iran and as far east as what is now Afghanistan and northwestern India. Greek traders spread Greek coins across this vast area, and the new kingdoms soon began to produce their own coins. Because these kingdoms were much larger and wealthier than the Greek city states of the classical period, their coins tended to be more mass-produced, as well as larger, and more frequently in gold. They often lacked the aesthetic delicacy of coins of the earlier period. Still, some of the Greco-Bactrian coins, and those of their successors in India, the Indo-Greeks, are considered the finest examples of Greek numismatic art with "a nice blend of realism and idealization", including the largest coins to be minted in the Hellenistic world: the largest gold coin was minted by Eucratides (reigned 171--145 BC), the largest silver coin by the Indo-Greek king Amyntas Nikator (reigned c. 95--90 BC). The portraits "show a degree of individuality never matched by the often bland depictions of their royal contemporaries further West" (Roger Ling, "Greece and the Hellenistic World"). The most striking new feature of Hellenistic coins was the use of portraits of living people, namely of the kings themselves. This practice had begun in Sicily, but was disapproved of by other Greeks as showing hubris (arrogance). But the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria had no such scruples: having already awarded themselves with "divine" status, they issued magnificent gold coins adorned with their own portraits, with the symbols of their state on the reverse. The names of the kings were frequently inscribed on the coin as well. This established a pattern for coins which has persisted ever since: a portrait of the king, usually in profile and striking a heroic pose, on the obverse, with his name beside him, and a coat of arms or other symbol of state on the reverse. -
8:30PESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUB
PESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUBPESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUB
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ; THE CITY OF BRAVE HEARTS, ENERGETIC , HARDWORKING, UN BEATABLE PAKHTOONS “ PESHAWAR “ 4 DAYS TOURISM ADVENTURE PACKAGE. COME AND ENJOY THIS AMAZING RIDE FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY WITH / SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN / 03007180182 - 03336182244 – 03146116833. LUXURY HOTEL STAY - PICK AND DROP FROM YOUR DOOR STEP - TASTY FOOD - AND AMAZING ADVENTURE INCLUDED. FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ; 1050 USd $ PER TOURIST ( LUXURIOUS HOTEL STAY & COMFORTABLE DRIVE.. ( COUNTRY VISA AND TICKETS ARE NOT INCLUDED , THE RIDE WILL BEGIN FROM ISLAMABAD LAHORE AND MULTAN FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ONLY WITH SECURITY GUARDS ) CALL US 0092 300 7180182 / 0092 333 6182244 MODE OF PAYMENT : 25% DOWN PAYMENT ( Not Refund able) OF EACH TOURIST AND REMAINING AT THE TIME OF DEPARTURE. COMPANY WILL PROVIDE YOU A SECRET CODE IN PERSON AFTER BOOKING THE PACKAGE AS A BOOKING TOKEN. YOU CAN SEND YOUR BOOKING MONEY BY BANK DRAFT , CHECK ON LINE , OR FUND TRANSFER IN THIS ACCOUNT. ALLIED BANK LIMITED. TITLE OF ACCOUNT: MUHAMMAD FAISAL QURESHI. IBAN NO : PK15ABPA0010030816800010 BRANCH CODE: 0848 BRANCH NAME : GARDEN TOWN, MULTAN CANTT, PUNJAB , PAKISTAN. SHORT HISTORY OF PESHAWAR ; Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Peshawar is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and by the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan. Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River. Peshawar's recorded history goes back as far as at least 539 BC, making it the oldest living city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia. Ancient Peshawar Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men". It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby. Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda. In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati. The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD. According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time. -
3:54Wallachia - Mircea | War
Wallachia - Mircea | WarWallachia - Mircea | War
-
2:07Bactria - Demetrius | War
Bactria - Demetrius | WarBactria - Demetrius | War
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Bactria - Eucratides I | Peace
published: 24 Jul 2014 -
Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus ) Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize a female face on the moon). ( Ai- Khanoum) is presumed to be (Alexandria-Oxiana), founded by Alexander. (Ai Khanoum) and was excavated by French archaeologists and looks surprisingly like a Greek city, including temples, a heroön, palace, colonnaded courts, city wall, gymnasium (sport school), houses, Corinthian columns, free-standing statues, and a theater wth 5,000 seats. The citadel, which is on a 60 m high loess-covered natural mound, has not been investigated yet, although it must have had massive walls and high towers. Cybele dish from Ai Khanum. Among the finds are Greek and Indian coins, several inscriptions, sund...
published: 09 Jan 2011 -
-
Ferghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.com
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ." Dayuan, north of Bactria, was a nation centered in the Ferghana Valley of present-day Central Asia, and even as early as the Han dynasty, China projected its military power to that area. The Han imperial regime required Ferghana horses and imported such great numbers of them that the rulers of Ferghana closed their borders to such trade. That move resulted in a war that China won. In 102 CE, the Chinese required of the defeated Ferghana that they provide at least ten of their finest horses for breeding purposes, and three thousand...
published: 11 Aug 2015 -
ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΗΣ
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regarding the behaviour and role: to speak Greek; to engage with the local religious practices of his particular kingdom, which might include democratic institutions, priestly classes, or peoples familiar with subordination to kings; to tax his subject peoples and to issue coins; to engage in warfare, hunting, feasting, and other many activities; to engage in euergetism, that exchange of gifts and grants in return for expressions of civic gratitude which came to characterize the Hellenistic urban landscape; to enact decrees and disseminate correspondence which might lend itself to public display, for example in some inscriptions; to mainta...
published: 02 Sep 2016 -
Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and according to the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River. Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BC, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia. Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men".It ...
published: 18 Mar 2016 -
Ancient Macedonian Coins
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins The history of Ancient Greek coinage can be divided (along with most other Greek art forms) into three periods, the Archaic, the Classical, and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began, and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC, which began the Hellenistic period, extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Ro...
published: 01 May 2013 -
PESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUB
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ; THE CITY OF BRAVE HEARTS, ENERGETIC , HARDWORKING, UN BEATABLE PAKHTOONS “ PESHAWAR “ 4 DAYS TOURISM ADVENTURE PACKAGE. COME AND ENJOY THIS AMAZING RIDE FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY WITH / SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN / 03007180182 - 03336182244 – 03146116833. LUXURY HOTEL STAY - PICK AND DROP FROM YOUR DOOR STEP - TASTY FOOD - AND AMAZING ADVENTURE INCLUDED. FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ; 1050 USd $ PER TOURIST ( LUXURIOUS HOTEL STAY & COMFORTABLE DRIVE.. ( COUNTRY VISA AND TICKETS ARE NOT INCLUDED , THE RIDE WILL BEGIN FROM ISLAMABAD LAHORE AND MULTAN FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ONLY WITH SECURITY GUARDS ) CALL US 0092 300 7180182 / 0092 333 6182244 MODE OF PAYMENT : 25% DOWN PAYMENT ( Not Refund able) OF EACH TOURIST AND REM...
published: 09 Mar 2016 -
Wallachia - Mircea | War
published: 25 Apr 2016 -
Bactria - Demetrius | War
published: 25 Apr 2016
Bactria - Eucratides I | Peace
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 24 Jul 2014
- views: 84
- published: 24 Jul 2014
- views: 84
Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 09 Jan 2011
- views: 16746
Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus )
Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize...
Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus )
Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize a female face on the moon).
( Ai- Khanoum) is presumed to be (Alexandria-Oxiana), founded by Alexander.
(Ai Khanoum) and was excavated by French archaeologists and looks surprisingly like a Greek city, including temples, a heroön, palace, colonnaded courts, city wall, gymnasium (sport school), houses, Corinthian columns, free-standing statues, and a theater wth 5,000 seats. The citadel, which is on a 60 m high loess-covered natural mound, has not been investigated yet, although it must have had massive walls and high towers.
Cybele dish from Ai Khanum.
Among the finds are Greek and Indian coins, several inscriptions, sundials, jewelry, a famous plate showing the Phrygian goddess Cybele, the Greek god Helios,
Alexandria is situated on the confluence of the mighty Amudar'ya (the ancient Oxus) and the Kokcha. Across the river is a spectacular wall of steep rocks. The city became rich because it controlled the trade in lapis lazuli, but it was also situated on the Silk road
Ai Khanum is an example of genuine, solid Hellenistic city with Greek architecture and institutions, a huge majestic structure with the characteristic central avenue, an Acropolis, Temple of Zeus, Palace, Theatre, Gymnasium dedicated to Hercules, Library, public fountains, statues, Greek pillars, and philosophical epigrams carved on the city's monuments, based on Delphic maxims. The city cleverly blended the local elements with the Hellenic civilization.
Numerous artifacts and structures were found, pointing to a high Hellenistic culture, combined with Eastern influences. It has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards. It seems the city was destroyed, never to be rebuilt, about the time of the death of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides around 145 BC.
The second great center of Hellenistic civilization was Bactria, in Central Asia. The Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms developed there, with forty Greek kings ruling the region in succession, as far deep inside India, for three centuries. The Greek kings established some Greek cities and introduced the Greek coins in these areas (some of the attic type) with Greek gods on the rear. Thousands of coins were discovered showing the Greek cultural influence, the high level of civilization, the wealth of the area and the Hellenic influence on the cultural and economic life of the local people.
THE ancient site of Ai Khanoum was for the past 10 years the target of systematically planned illicit digs. This is little less than tragic for our contemporary understanding of ancient cultural interactions. One of the most significant contributions towards an understanding of Greek presence in Bactria was made through the Ai Khanoum excavations led by French archaeologists under Prof. P. Bernard.
The ruins of Ai Khanoum stand on the left bank of the Oxus river at its meeting point with its tributary, the Kokcha. This triangular area at the confluence of the Oxus and the Kokcha was a strategic choice the Greeks made. It was a well-placed military outpost to control the eastern territories of ancient Bactria. The topography of the site, with a natural acropolis about 60 m higher than the surrounding areas and protected by the two rivers from the west and the south, made it an ideal choice for the Greek city planners. The residential quarters and public buildings - namely the gymnasium, the temple, the fortifications, the royal palace and the administrative apparatus - were built in the lower part of the site, which was less exposed to the winds than the acropolis.
The discoveries made at Ai Khanoum by the French archaeologists demonstrate how the Greek artists of Ai Khanoum not only remained attached to the Greek traditions but also in some ways perpetuated a classical style. For example, the mosaic floor of the palace bathroom displaying dolphins, sea horses and sea monsters was made by setting a field of dark red pebbles, instead of the square-cut stones of the later style.
wn.com/Hellenistic City In Afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
Ai Khanoum (Alexandria on the Oxus )
Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative translation is "Face in the Moon", because people over there recognize a female face on the moon).
( Ai- Khanoum) is presumed to be (Alexandria-Oxiana), founded by Alexander.
(Ai Khanoum) and was excavated by French archaeologists and looks surprisingly like a Greek city, including temples, a heroön, palace, colonnaded courts, city wall, gymnasium (sport school), houses, Corinthian columns, free-standing statues, and a theater wth 5,000 seats. The citadel, which is on a 60 m high loess-covered natural mound, has not been investigated yet, although it must have had massive walls and high towers.
Cybele dish from Ai Khanum.
Among the finds are Greek and Indian coins, several inscriptions, sundials, jewelry, a famous plate showing the Phrygian goddess Cybele, the Greek god Helios,
Alexandria is situated on the confluence of the mighty Amudar'ya (the ancient Oxus) and the Kokcha. Across the river is a spectacular wall of steep rocks. The city became rich because it controlled the trade in lapis lazuli, but it was also situated on the Silk road
Ai Khanum is an example of genuine, solid Hellenistic city with Greek architecture and institutions, a huge majestic structure with the characteristic central avenue, an Acropolis, Temple of Zeus, Palace, Theatre, Gymnasium dedicated to Hercules, Library, public fountains, statues, Greek pillars, and philosophical epigrams carved on the city's monuments, based on Delphic maxims. The city cleverly blended the local elements with the Hellenic civilization.
Numerous artifacts and structures were found, pointing to a high Hellenistic culture, combined with Eastern influences. It has all the hallmarks of a Hellenistic city, with a Greek theater, gymnasium and some Greek houses with colonnaded courtyards. It seems the city was destroyed, never to be rebuilt, about the time of the death of the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides around 145 BC.
The second great center of Hellenistic civilization was Bactria, in Central Asia. The Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms developed there, with forty Greek kings ruling the region in succession, as far deep inside India, for three centuries. The Greek kings established some Greek cities and introduced the Greek coins in these areas (some of the attic type) with Greek gods on the rear. Thousands of coins were discovered showing the Greek cultural influence, the high level of civilization, the wealth of the area and the Hellenic influence on the cultural and economic life of the local people.
THE ancient site of Ai Khanoum was for the past 10 years the target of systematically planned illicit digs. This is little less than tragic for our contemporary understanding of ancient cultural interactions. One of the most significant contributions towards an understanding of Greek presence in Bactria was made through the Ai Khanoum excavations led by French archaeologists under Prof. P. Bernard.
The ruins of Ai Khanoum stand on the left bank of the Oxus river at its meeting point with its tributary, the Kokcha. This triangular area at the confluence of the Oxus and the Kokcha was a strategic choice the Greeks made. It was a well-placed military outpost to control the eastern territories of ancient Bactria. The topography of the site, with a natural acropolis about 60 m higher than the surrounding areas and protected by the two rivers from the west and the south, made it an ideal choice for the Greek city planners. The residential quarters and public buildings - namely the gymnasium, the temple, the fortifications, the royal palace and the administrative apparatus - were built in the lower part of the site, which was less exposed to the winds than the acropolis.
The discoveries made at Ai Khanoum by the French archaeologists demonstrate how the Greek artists of Ai Khanoum not only remained attached to the Greek traditions but also in some ways perpetuated a classical style. For example, the mosaic floor of the palace bathroom displaying dolphins, sea horses and sea monsters was made by setting a field of dark red pebbles, instead of the square-cut stones of the later style.
- published: 09 Jan 2011
- views: 16746
The Greco - Bactrian Kingdom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 20 Nov 2010
- views: 11166
Ferghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 11 Aug 2015
- views: 43
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery repre...
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ."
Dayuan, north of Bactria, was a nation centered in the Ferghana Valley of present-day Central Asia, and even as early as the Han dynasty, China projected its military power to that area. The Han imperial regime required Ferghana horses and imported such great numbers of them that the rulers of Ferghana closed their borders to such trade. That move resulted in a war that China won. In 102 CE, the Chinese required of the defeated Ferghana that they provide at least ten of their finest horses for breeding purposes, and three thousand Ferghana horses of ordinary quality. However, there are other views: the "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Book of Han" provide no description of Ferghana horses, and as it seemed from these chronicles they were not employed in any known Han expeditions and campaigns.
Chinese statuary and paintings, as well as the Bactrian coin shown above, indicate that these horses had legs that were proportionally short, powerful crests, and round barrels. The forelegs of the Chinese depictions are very straight, resembling the Guoxia horse of present-day China. According to tradition, these horses sweat blood, giving rise to the name: "sweats blood horse" . Modern authorities believe that blood-sucking parasites caused sweat to get mixed with blood when the horses were worked.
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This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferghana+horse, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
wn.com/Ferghana Horse Video Learning Wizscience.Com
"Ferghana horses" were one of China's earliest major imports, originating in an area in Central Asia. These horses, as depicted in Tang dynasty pottery representations of them, "resemble the animals on the golden medal of Eucratides, King of Bactria ."
Dayuan, north of Bactria, was a nation centered in the Ferghana Valley of present-day Central Asia, and even as early as the Han dynasty, China projected its military power to that area. The Han imperial regime required Ferghana horses and imported such great numbers of them that the rulers of Ferghana closed their borders to such trade. That move resulted in a war that China won. In 102 CE, the Chinese required of the defeated Ferghana that they provide at least ten of their finest horses for breeding purposes, and three thousand Ferghana horses of ordinary quality. However, there are other views: the "Records of the Grand Historian" and "Book of Han" provide no description of Ferghana horses, and as it seemed from these chronicles they were not employed in any known Han expeditions and campaigns.
Chinese statuary and paintings, as well as the Bactrian coin shown above, indicate that these horses had legs that were proportionally short, powerful crests, and round barrels. The forelegs of the Chinese depictions are very straight, resembling the Guoxia horse of present-day China. According to tradition, these horses sweat blood, giving rise to the name: "sweats blood horse" . Modern authorities believe that blood-sucking parasites caused sweat to get mixed with blood when the horses were worked.
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Background Music:
"The Place Inside" by Silent Partner (royalty-free) from YouTube Audio Library.
This video uses material/images from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferghana+horse, which is released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . To reuse/adapt the content in your own work, you must comply with the license terms.
- published: 11 Aug 2015
- views: 43
ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΗΣ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 02 Sep 2016
- views: 20
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regardi...
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regarding the behaviour and role: to speak Greek; to engage with the local religious practices of his particular kingdom, which might include democratic institutions, priestly classes, or peoples familiar with subordination to kings; to tax his subject peoples and to issue coins; to engage in warfare, hunting, feasting, and other many activities; to engage in euergetism, that exchange of gifts and grants in return for expressions of civic gratitude which came to characterize the Hellenistic urban landscape; to enact decrees and disseminate correspondence which might lend itself to public display, for example in some inscriptions; to maintain a Macedonian-style court, with family members, close companions, bodyguards, visiting dignitaries, and functionaries, operating under its own code of conduct; and finally, to articulate his personal qualities through the visual and literary arts, in a manner which we shall explore in this chapter.
...
The leg lift
A different arrangement of the legs and hips can be seen in the small bronze statuette of Demetrios Poliorketes from the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum (Fig. 1.3). It shows a diademed ruler, wrapped in a chlamys, with its right leg raised on a rock and its body leaning forward to rest his elbow on his knee. The pose is a familiar one from the Classical period, for example in the figure of the satyr actor on the Pronomos vase, used to denote rest activity. But in the Hellenistic ruler repertoire, the pose benefits from particular associations with divine body language. A tetradrachm of Demetrios Poliorketes (Fig. 1.4) shows Poseidon striking the same pose, but with his left hand raised to hold a trident, a composition known as the Lateran Poseidon type.
The connection between this prose and divinity is significant. Not only is the posture the same, but the bronze ruler himself sports the divine attributes of goat’s horns (as indeed does the portrait of Demetrios Poliorketes on the obverse of Fig. 1.4), which indicates an intentional assimilation of high-status body language. The upward gazing head and the forward leaning torso allow both the coin image of Poseidon and the Demetrios statuette to confidently take possession of a large amount of space, while the asymmetrical relaxed posture of the raised leg and resting elbow correspond to the confidence traits identified by behavioural scientists."
Body Language in Hellenistic Art and Society, by Jane Masséglia, Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation, Oxford University Press, 26 March 2015, is available here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/body-language-in-hellenistic-art-and-society-9780198723592?pubdatemonthto=&pubdatemonthfrom;=&pubdateyearfrom;=&pubdatemonthfrom;_default=select%20month&author;=&title;=&pubdatemonthto;_default=select%20month&pubdateyearto;=&bic;=&submitAdvSrch;=Search⟨=en&cc;=gb
Track: Cold Feet
Artist: Couros (https://majesticartists.io/majesticcasual/couros-cold-feet)
Label: Majestic Casual
Release Date: February 3, 2016
Photograph: Gold 20-stater of Eukratides, the largest gold coin ever minted in Antiquity. The coin weighs 169.2 grams, and has a diameter of 58 millimeters. On the obverse it shows the helmeted, draped and diademed bust of Eukratides. On the reverse, the Dioskouri are shown on horses prancing right, holding lances; monogram; the inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ ("coin of" Great King Eukratides"). It was originally found in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and later acquired by Napoleon III. Today it is at the Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (http://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/report/index.html).
Eukratides I (Εὐκρατίδης Α΄; reigned c. 171–145 BC), was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. Eukratides came to the throne by overthrowing the dynasty of Euthydemos I in Bactria, whose son Demetrios I Aniketos (Invincible) had conquered northwestern India. Having become master of Bactria, Eukratides also acquired the western parts of the Greek-Indian Kingdom after he defeated in battle the enigmatic Greek-Indian king Demetrios II, who is being mentioned in Justin's Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus as "Demetrios, King of the Indians".
wn.com/Ευκρατιδησ
"Despite the requirement for the king to profess Greek ethnicity, there was no fixed type of Hellenistic king. There were, however, certain expectations regarding the behaviour and role: to speak Greek; to engage with the local religious practices of his particular kingdom, which might include democratic institutions, priestly classes, or peoples familiar with subordination to kings; to tax his subject peoples and to issue coins; to engage in warfare, hunting, feasting, and other many activities; to engage in euergetism, that exchange of gifts and grants in return for expressions of civic gratitude which came to characterize the Hellenistic urban landscape; to enact decrees and disseminate correspondence which might lend itself to public display, for example in some inscriptions; to maintain a Macedonian-style court, with family members, close companions, bodyguards, visiting dignitaries, and functionaries, operating under its own code of conduct; and finally, to articulate his personal qualities through the visual and literary arts, in a manner which we shall explore in this chapter.
...
The leg lift
A different arrangement of the legs and hips can be seen in the small bronze statuette of Demetrios Poliorketes from the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum (Fig. 1.3). It shows a diademed ruler, wrapped in a chlamys, with its right leg raised on a rock and its body leaning forward to rest his elbow on his knee. The pose is a familiar one from the Classical period, for example in the figure of the satyr actor on the Pronomos vase, used to denote rest activity. But in the Hellenistic ruler repertoire, the pose benefits from particular associations with divine body language. A tetradrachm of Demetrios Poliorketes (Fig. 1.4) shows Poseidon striking the same pose, but with his left hand raised to hold a trident, a composition known as the Lateran Poseidon type.
The connection between this prose and divinity is significant. Not only is the posture the same, but the bronze ruler himself sports the divine attributes of goat’s horns (as indeed does the portrait of Demetrios Poliorketes on the obverse of Fig. 1.4), which indicates an intentional assimilation of high-status body language. The upward gazing head and the forward leaning torso allow both the coin image of Poseidon and the Demetrios statuette to confidently take possession of a large amount of space, while the asymmetrical relaxed posture of the raised leg and resting elbow correspond to the confidence traits identified by behavioural scientists."
Body Language in Hellenistic Art and Society, by Jane Masséglia, Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation, Oxford University Press, 26 March 2015, is available here: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/body-language-in-hellenistic-art-and-society-9780198723592?pubdatemonthto=&pubdatemonthfrom;=&pubdateyearfrom;=&pubdatemonthfrom;_default=select%20month&author;=&title;=&pubdatemonthto;_default=select%20month&pubdateyearto;=&bic;=&submitAdvSrch;=Search⟨=en&cc;=gb
Track: Cold Feet
Artist: Couros (https://majesticartists.io/majesticcasual/couros-cold-feet)
Label: Majestic Casual
Release Date: February 3, 2016
Photograph: Gold 20-stater of Eukratides, the largest gold coin ever minted in Antiquity. The coin weighs 169.2 grams, and has a diameter of 58 millimeters. On the obverse it shows the helmeted, draped and diademed bust of Eukratides. On the reverse, the Dioskouri are shown on horses prancing right, holding lances; monogram; the inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ ("coin of" Great King Eukratides"). It was originally found in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and later acquired by Napoleon III. Today it is at the Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris (http://medaillesetantiques.bnf.fr/ws/catalogue/app/report/index.html).
Eukratides I (Εὐκρατίδης Α΄; reigned c. 171–145 BC), was one of the most important Greco-Bactrian kings. Eukratides came to the throne by overthrowing the dynasty of Euthydemos I in Bactria, whose son Demetrios I Aniketos (Invincible) had conquered northwestern India. Having become master of Bactria, Eukratides also acquired the western parts of the Greek-Indian Kingdom after he defeated in battle the enigmatic Greek-Indian king Demetrios II, who is being mentioned in Justin's Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus as "Demetrios, King of the Indians".
- published: 02 Sep 2016
- views: 20
Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 18 Mar 2016
- views: 189
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and accord...
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and according to the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BC, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men".It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda.[8] In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD.
According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
wn.com/Travel To Peshawar ... Gt Road
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and according to the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BC, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men".It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda.[8] In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD.
According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
- published: 18 Mar 2016
- views: 189
Ancient Macedonian Coins
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 01 May 2013
- views: 4028
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins
The history of Ancient Gr...
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins
The history of Ancient Greek coinage can be divided (along with most other Greek art forms) into three periods, the Archaic, the Classical, and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began, and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC, which began the Hellenistic period, extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Roman provincial coins or Greek Imperial Coins.
-
The Hellenistic period was characterised by the spread of Greek culture across a large part of the known world. Greek-speaking kingdoms were established in Egypt and Syria, and for a time also in Iran and as far east as what is now Afghanistan and northwestern India. Greek traders spread Greek coins across this vast area, and the new kingdoms soon began to produce their own coins. Because these kingdoms were much larger and wealthier than the Greek city states of the classical period, their coins tended to be more mass-produced, as well as larger, and more frequently in gold. They often lacked the aesthetic delicacy of coins of the earlier period.
Still, some of the Greco-Bactrian coins, and those of their successors in India, the Indo-Greeks, are considered the finest examples of Greek numismatic art with "a nice blend of realism and idealization", including the largest coins to be minted in the Hellenistic world: the largest gold coin was minted by Eucratides (reigned 171--145 BC), the largest silver coin by the Indo-Greek king Amyntas Nikator (reigned c. 95--90 BC). The portraits "show a degree of individuality never matched by the often bland depictions of their royal contemporaries further West" (Roger Ling, "Greece and the Hellenistic World").
The most striking new feature of Hellenistic coins was the use of portraits of living people, namely of the kings themselves. This practice had begun in Sicily, but was disapproved of by other Greeks as showing hubris (arrogance). But the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria had no such scruples: having already awarded themselves with "divine" status, they issued magnificent gold coins adorned with their own portraits, with the symbols of their state on the reverse. The names of the kings were frequently inscribed on the coin as well. This established a pattern for coins which has persisted ever since: a portrait of the king, usually in profile and striking a heroic pose, on the obverse, with his name beside him, and a coat of arms or other symbol of state on the reverse.
wn.com/Ancient Macedonian Coins
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_coins
The history of Ancient Greek coinage can be divided (along with most other Greek art forms) into three periods, the Archaic, the Classical, and the Hellenistic. The Archaic period extends from the introduction of coinage to the Greek world in about 600 BC until the Persian Wars in about 480 BC. The Classical period then began, and lasted until the conquests of Alexander the Great in about 330 BC, which began the Hellenistic period, extending until the Roman absorption of the Greek world in the 1st century BC. The Greek cities continued to produce their own coins for several more centuries under Roman rule. The coins produced during this period are called Roman provincial coins or Greek Imperial Coins.
-
The Hellenistic period was characterised by the spread of Greek culture across a large part of the known world. Greek-speaking kingdoms were established in Egypt and Syria, and for a time also in Iran and as far east as what is now Afghanistan and northwestern India. Greek traders spread Greek coins across this vast area, and the new kingdoms soon began to produce their own coins. Because these kingdoms were much larger and wealthier than the Greek city states of the classical period, their coins tended to be more mass-produced, as well as larger, and more frequently in gold. They often lacked the aesthetic delicacy of coins of the earlier period.
Still, some of the Greco-Bactrian coins, and those of their successors in India, the Indo-Greeks, are considered the finest examples of Greek numismatic art with "a nice blend of realism and idealization", including the largest coins to be minted in the Hellenistic world: the largest gold coin was minted by Eucratides (reigned 171--145 BC), the largest silver coin by the Indo-Greek king Amyntas Nikator (reigned c. 95--90 BC). The portraits "show a degree of individuality never matched by the often bland depictions of their royal contemporaries further West" (Roger Ling, "Greece and the Hellenistic World").
The most striking new feature of Hellenistic coins was the use of portraits of living people, namely of the kings themselves. This practice had begun in Sicily, but was disapproved of by other Greeks as showing hubris (arrogance). But the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria had no such scruples: having already awarded themselves with "divine" status, they issued magnificent gold coins adorned with their own portraits, with the symbols of their state on the reverse. The names of the kings were frequently inscribed on the coin as well. This established a pattern for coins which has persisted ever since: a portrait of the king, usually in profile and striking a heroic pose, on the obverse, with his name beside him, and a coat of arms or other symbol of state on the reverse.
- published: 01 May 2013
- views: 4028
PESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUB
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Updated: 09 Mar 2016
- views: 38
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ;
THE CITY OF BRAVE HEARTS, ENERGETIC , HARDWORKING, UN BEATABLE PAKHTOONS “ PESHAWAR “ 4 DAYS...
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ;
THE CITY OF BRAVE HEARTS, ENERGETIC , HARDWORKING, UN BEATABLE PAKHTOONS “ PESHAWAR “ 4 DAYS TOURISM ADVENTURE PACKAGE.
COME AND ENJOY THIS AMAZING RIDE FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY WITH / SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN / 03007180182 - 03336182244 – 03146116833.
LUXURY HOTEL STAY - PICK AND DROP FROM YOUR DOOR STEP - TASTY FOOD - AND AMAZING ADVENTURE INCLUDED.
FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ;
1050 USd $ PER TOURIST ( LUXURIOUS HOTEL STAY & COMFORTABLE DRIVE.. ( COUNTRY VISA AND TICKETS ARE NOT INCLUDED , THE RIDE WILL BEGIN FROM ISLAMABAD LAHORE AND MULTAN FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ONLY WITH SECURITY GUARDS ) CALL US 0092 300 7180182 / 0092 333 6182244
MODE OF PAYMENT :
25% DOWN PAYMENT ( Not Refund able) OF EACH TOURIST AND REMAINING AT THE TIME OF DEPARTURE. COMPANY WILL PROVIDE YOU A SECRET CODE IN PERSON AFTER BOOKING THE PACKAGE AS A BOOKING TOKEN.
YOU CAN SEND YOUR BOOKING MONEY BY BANK DRAFT , CHECK ON LINE , OR FUND TRANSFER IN THIS ACCOUNT.
ALLIED BANK LIMITED.
TITLE OF ACCOUNT: MUHAMMAD FAISAL QURESHI.
IBAN NO : PK15ABPA0010030816800010
BRANCH CODE: 0848
BRANCH NAME : GARDEN TOWN, MULTAN CANTT, PUNJAB , PAKISTAN.
SHORT HISTORY OF PESHAWAR ;
Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Peshawar is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and by the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan. Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history goes back as far as at least 539 BC, making it the oldest living city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Ancient Peshawar
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men". It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda. In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD. According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
wn.com/Peshawar Tourism Package By Sdtp Adventure Club
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ;
THE CITY OF BRAVE HEARTS, ENERGETIC , HARDWORKING, UN BEATABLE PAKHTOONS “ PESHAWAR “ 4 DAYS TOURISM ADVENTURE PACKAGE.
COME AND ENJOY THIS AMAZING RIDE FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY WITH / SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN / 03007180182 - 03336182244 – 03146116833.
LUXURY HOTEL STAY - PICK AND DROP FROM YOUR DOOR STEP - TASTY FOOD - AND AMAZING ADVENTURE INCLUDED.
FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ;
1050 USd $ PER TOURIST ( LUXURIOUS HOTEL STAY & COMFORTABLE DRIVE.. ( COUNTRY VISA AND TICKETS ARE NOT INCLUDED , THE RIDE WILL BEGIN FROM ISLAMABAD LAHORE AND MULTAN FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ONLY WITH SECURITY GUARDS ) CALL US 0092 300 7180182 / 0092 333 6182244
MODE OF PAYMENT :
25% DOWN PAYMENT ( Not Refund able) OF EACH TOURIST AND REMAINING AT THE TIME OF DEPARTURE. COMPANY WILL PROVIDE YOU A SECRET CODE IN PERSON AFTER BOOKING THE PACKAGE AS A BOOKING TOKEN.
YOU CAN SEND YOUR BOOKING MONEY BY BANK DRAFT , CHECK ON LINE , OR FUND TRANSFER IN THIS ACCOUNT.
ALLIED BANK LIMITED.
TITLE OF ACCOUNT: MUHAMMAD FAISAL QURESHI.
IBAN NO : PK15ABPA0010030816800010
BRANCH CODE: 0848
BRANCH NAME : GARDEN TOWN, MULTAN CANTT, PUNJAB , PAKISTAN.
SHORT HISTORY OF PESHAWAR ;
Peshawar is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Peshawar is the largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and by the 1998 census was the ninth-largest city of Pakistan. Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the administrative centre and economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is situated in a large valley near the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, close to the Pak-Afghan border. Peshawar is irrigated by various canals of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.
Peshawar's recorded history goes back as far as at least 539 BC, making it the oldest living city in Pakistan and one of the oldest in South Asia.
Ancient Peshawar
Peshawar was known in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), literally meaning "city of men". It also found mention in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most beautiful place on earth created by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown jewel" of Bactria and also held sway over Takshashila (modern Taxila). Being among the most ancient cities of the region between Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for centuries been a center of trade between Bactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an ancient center of learning, the 2nd century BC. Bakhshali Manuscript used in the Bakhshali approximation was found nearby.
Vedic mythology refers to an ancient settlement called Pushkalavati in the area, after Pushkal, presently known as Charsadda. In recorded history, the earliest major city established in the general area of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the current name "Peshawar" is likely derived and was western capital of Ghandhara civilization after Pushkalavati.
The area that Peshawar occupies was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian king, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a series of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek kings, who ruled an empire that geographically spanned from the area of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by several Parthian and Indo-Parthian kings, another group of Iranian peoples germane to the region, the most famous of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, starting in circa AD 46; the period of rule by Gondophares was briefly followed by two or three of his descendants, before they were displaced by the first of the "Great Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the middle of the 1st century AD. According to the historian, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar consisted of a population of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a major city and the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time.
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.It was centered on the north of present-day Afghanistan.The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into present-day northern India and Pakistan from 180 BC established the Indo-Greek Kingdom, which was to last until around 10 AD. ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- About the author(s): No machine-readable author provided. World Imaging assumed (based on copyright claims). License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA-3.0) License Url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Author(s): World Imaging (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:World_Imaging) ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- ...
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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
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The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asi...
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.It was centered on the north of present-day Afghanistan.The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into present-day northern India and Pakistan from 180 BC established the Indo-Greek Kingdom, which was to last until around 10 AD.
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The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.It was centered on the north of present-day Afghanistan.The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into present-day northern India and Pakistan from 180 BC established the Indo-Greek Kingdom, which was to last until around 10 AD.
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Bactria - Eucratides I | Peace
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Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
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Ai Khanoum ('Moon Lady' in Uzbek) (an alternative ...
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Hellenistic city in afghanistan ( كابل كابول افغانستان (أي خانوم
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The Greco - Bactrian Kingdom
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Ferghana horse - Video Learning - WizScience.com
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Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور),(Pashto: پېښور) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province...
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Travel to Peshawar ... GT ROAD
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Ancient Macedonian Coins
Ancient Macedonian Coins Prove the Hellenic Heritage of Macedonia! Ancient Greek coinage
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PESHAWAR TOURISM PACKAGE BY SDTP ADVENTURE CLUB
SOHNI DHARTE TOURISM PAKISTAN PROUDLY PRESENTS FOR THE FIRST TIME ;
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Wallachia - Mircea | War
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Washington mall shooting: Four dead in Burlington, police say
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(CNN)Four people were killed in a shooting Friday night at a mall in Burlington, Washington, a spokesman for the state patrol tweeted ... Mark Francis said ... " Follow all road closures." ... ....
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Barack Obama Used Pseudonym to Email Hillary on Secret Servers
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Well, well, well, Barack Obama knew about the email servers. I figured he did, but then, he has the corrupt DOJ and either the incompetent or blackmailed FBI running cover for him. Via Politico.. In an April 5, 2016 interview with the FBI, Abedin was shown an email exchange between Clinton and Obama, but the longtime Clinton aide did not recognize the name of the sender ... Some notes about what happened ... 28 ... Exit questions ... > ....
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In rare cases, brain damage has unlocked prodigious mental abilities in patients. Now researchers are exploring the hidden potential in all of us. Supported by. About this content. @mocost. On 13 September, 2002, 31-year-old Jason Padgett, a furniture salesman from Washington, was beaten and mugged by two men after leaving a karaoke bar. He survived the vicious attack, but was left unconscious, and sustained a severe concussion ... Read more ... ....
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Theoretical Physicist and Cosmologist Stephen Hawking has, once again, warned of the dangers associated with extraterrestrial life contacting Earth in a half-hour program on CuriosityStream, reports CNET. The renowned scientist has explained the reasoning behind his cautious outlook and it has to do... ....
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Ted Cruz Endorses Donald Trump For President
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In an abrupt shift, U.S. Senator Ted Cruz endorsed Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump on Friday, saying he is the only candidate who can stop Democrat Hillary Clinton from winning the White House on Nov ... Kennedy's assassin."Our country is in crisis ... WN.com, Jim Berrie ....
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Match Preview: LA Galaxy II look to round out regular season campaign with win against Real Monarchs SLC (Los Angeles Galaxy)
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LA Galaxy II vs ... With a spot reserved in the 2016 USL Playoffs, LA Galaxy II (11-7-11, 44 points) will be playing for postseason pole position on Saturday night when they take on Real Monarchs SLC (10-13-6, 36 points) at StubHub Center Track & Field Stadium at 7.30 p.m ... That night, LA Galaxy II will host Fan Appreciation Night ... His eight goals on the season lead LA Galaxy II ... LA Galaxy II ... LA Galaxy II ... LA Galaxy II vs....
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Jordan Solomon completed all 15 passes for 138 yards and four touchdowns to lead the Bulldogs (4-2, 4-1 OIA D-II) over the Tigers (0-5, 0-4) ... Alfred Failauga ran for two touchdowns and Braden Amorozo threw for two more to lead the Marauders (5-1, 4-1 OIA Division II) over the host Bulldogs (3-2, 3-2) ... The win keeps Waipahu a half-game behind D-II leader Pearl City (4-0) in the standings....
‘Transformers 5’ Director Michael Bay Reveals that Winston Churchill Would be a Big Hero in the Movie!
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The Last Knight” would be disrespecting the veterans of the World War II or the memories of the United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The rumors began to swirl when it was learned that the movie’s shooting in the United Kingdom this week includes Nazis during the World War II ... UK prime minister and the British veterans of the World War II....
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Historic England, a body that designates places worthy of legal protection, announced the decision, the latest in an effort to showcase “queer history.” Last September, Historic England gave the Royal Vauxhall Tavern, a well-known gay pub, a Grade II listing, meaning that it cannot be demolished, extended or altered without special permission ... Of the six sites announced Friday, one is a new Grade II listing....
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The 11th Annual Joint Memorial Service, honoring Japanese American solders who served during World War II, will be held Sunday at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific at Punchbowl....
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Earlier this week, we passed along the story of the 1943 Steagles, a group of misfits melded together to keep the NFL upright during World War II ... Not every tidbit fit into the first article, though ... But only the Steagles made it a requirement ... Hinkle, a second-team all-pro in 1943, served in World War II but was discharged because of stomach ulcers ... Other than that, the NFL's expenses were very limited during World War II, Algeo said ... ....
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While deferring the project, the panel stated clearly that the project’s stage-II is not feasible ... of the project may be permitted in future at the site.” It added, “NTPC shall study the feasibility of installation of non-conventional power plants in the area meant for Stage-II within six months and approach the ministry.”....
IGP interacts with Ga Traditional Council
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The Inspector General of Police (IGP), Mr John Kudalor, yesterday paid a courtesy call on the Ga Traditional Council to assess the readiness of the traditional rulers towards the December general election. Mr Kudalor and his entourage were received by the acting President of the Ga Traditional Council, Nii Doodo Nsaki II, and the Gbese Mantse, Nii Ayibonte II, among other key rulers within the council in Accra ... Peaceful coexistence ... ....
Congressional may make amends
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Trainer Bezan Chenoy’s ward Congressional, who ran second in his last start, may make amends in the Southern Command Gold Trophy, the feature event of Sunday’s (Sept.25) races. An amount of Rs. One million will be added to the collection of Super Jackpot Pool ... 1. WARSAW PACT TROPHY, DIV.II (1,000m), Cl. IV, rated 20 to 46 — 1.30 p.m.. 1 ... 1 ... PELICAN TROPHY, DIV.II (1,200m), Maiden, 3-y-o only — 2.30 ... 5, 6 & 7; (ii)....
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Corrections/Additions of Datesheet for CBCS Generic Elective Course - Part I & II (I/III Semester) Sep 22, 2016 Datesheets_UG ... (Sanskrit) - Part II (IV Semester) (SOL) Sep 8, 2016 PG ... (Political Science) - Part II (IV Semester) (SOL) Sep 8, 2016 PG ... (Sanskrit) - Part I (II Semester) (SOL) Sep 8, 2016 PG ... (Political Science) - Part I (II Semester) (SOL) Sep 8, 2016 PG ... (History) - Part II (IV Semester) (SOL) Sep 8, 2016 PG....
Partial closure of airport for 3 months from Jan.
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During the third and final phase of re-carpeting work for three months from January, the airport will remain closed for air traffic for nearly seven hours ... to 5.15 p.m ... Notam has also been issued for the Phase I works from October 1 to 31 and for the Phase II works from November 1 to December 31 ... In Phase II, re-carpeting of 855 m on the Vallakadavu side will be taken up with partial restrictions on flights.” ... Once in a decade ... ....
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(Source. Real Salt Lake). SANDY, Utah (Friday, September 23, 2016) - Real Monarchs SLC (10-13-6, 36 pts, West #11) travel to Southern California Saturday for the club's final 2016 regular-season contest, needing to capture the full three points against rival LA Galaxy II to earn a shot at the USL Playoffs ... How to Follow Real Monarchs at LA Galaxy II ... Original documenthttp.//www.rsl.com/post/2016/09/23/preview-real-monarchs-la-galaxy-ii....
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KOLKATA. The Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (Hidco) will hold an e-auction process by this year-end to allot a 10-acre plot at Action Area-II in New Town on a 99-year lease to set up a private medical college and hospital ... Last year, Belle Vue Clinic got a 2 acre plot in Action Area-II of Rajarhat-New Town to set up its second unit, which will have a trauma care unit ... Stay updated on the go with Times of India News App....
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