Tribune Company

Type	Private
Industry	News, entertainment
Founded	1847
Headquarters	Chicago, Illinois
Key people	Sam Zell, Chairman Tony Hunter & Eddy Hartenstein, Co-CEO Publishers Gerry Spector, COO Nils Larsen, Chairman, Tribune Broadcasting Gary Weitman, SVP/Corporate Relations Sean Compton, President Programming & Entertainment, Tribune Broadcasting Jerry Kersting, President Broadcasting
Products	television, newspapers, radio
Revenue	US$3.18 billion (FY 2010)
Employees	14,000
Website	Tribune.com

The Tribune Tower is the headquarters of the company

The Tribune Company is a large American multimedia corporation based in Chicago, Illinois. It is the nation's second-largest newspaper publisher, with ten daily newspapers and commuter tabloids including Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Hartford Courant, Orlando Sentinel, South Florida Sun-Sentinel, Baltimore Sun, Daily Press and The Morning Call, among others.

Through Tribune Broadcasting, the company operates 23 television stations, WGN America on national cable, and Chicago's WGN-AM. The group's combined reach is more than 80 percent of U.S. television households. Investment interests include Food Network (31%).

Tribune Interactive, another subsidiary, manages the interactive operations of major daily newspapers such as Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times and their associated websites. Its national network sites owned with partners include CareerBuilder.com, Cars.com, Apartments.com and Topix.net. With more than 50 websites overall, Tribune Interactive ranks among the nation's leading news and information networks. The sites attract more than 20 million unique visitors per month.

Tribune Media Services provides syndicated content to print and electronic media.

Key company investment interests include CareerBuilder (30.8% owned), Classified Ventures (28%) and Topix.com (34%).

Early history[link]

Print pioneer[link]

Tribune was founded in 1847. That year, on June 10, the Chicago Tribune published its first edition in a one-room plant located at LaSalle and Lake streets. The original press run consisted of 400 copies printed on a hand press.

The Tribune erected its first building in 1869 with a four-story structure at Dearborn and Madison Streets. In October 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the building, along with most of the city. The Tribune reappeared two days later with an editorial declaring "Chicago Shall Rise Again." The newspaper's editor and part-owner, Joseph Medill, was elected mayor and led the city's reconstruction. A native Ohioan who first acquired an interest in the Tribune in 1855, Medill gained full control of the newspaper in 1874 and ran it until his death in 1899.

Medill's two grandsons, cousins Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson, assumed leadership of the company in 1911. That same year, the Chicago Tribune's first newsprint mill opened in Thorold, Ontario. The mill marked the beginnings of the Canadian newsprint producer later known as QUNO, in which Tribune held an investment interest until 1995.

The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate was formed in 1918, leading to Joseph Patterson's establishment of the company's second newspaper, the New York Daily News on June 26, 1919. Tribune's ownership of the New York tabloid was considered "interlocking" due to an agreement between McCormick and Patterson. In the wake of a dispute with some of its labor unions the Daily News was sold to British businessman Robert Maxwell in 1991.

In 1925, the company completed a new headquarters and one of Chicago's first "skyscrapers", the Tribune Tower.

In the 1960s, the company entered the fast-growing Florida market, acquiring the Fort Lauderdale-based Sun-Sentinel in 1963 and the Orlando Sentinel in 1965. The Daily Press of Newport News, Virginia, joined Tribune's newspaper group in 1986.

A merger with the Los Angeles-based Times Mirror Company, completed in June 2000, effectively doubled the size of Tribune by adding more newspapers to the company's holdings. The $8.3 billion transaction was the largest acquisition in newspaper industry history. The Times Mirror merger added seven daily newspapers to the Tribune group, including the Los Angeles Times, Newsday, The Baltimore Sun and the Hartford Courant. Tribune was now the only media company with newspapers and television stations in the top three markets. Among other advantages from the merger, including various economies of scale, Tribune newspapers could now effectively compete for national advertising. Tribune Media Net, the national advertising sales organization of Tribune Publishing, was established in 2000 to take advantage of the company's expanded scale and scope. By 2002, revenues had grown to $5 billion.

Tribune also launched daily newspapers targeting urban commuters, including the Chicago Tribune's RedEye edition in 2002, followed by an investment in AM New York one year later. In 2006 Tribune acquired the minority equity interest in AM New York, giving it full ownership in the newspaper. The company sold both Newsday and AM New York to Cablevision in 2008.

Move into broadcasting[link]

The company entered broadcasting in 1924 by purchasing WDAP, one of Chicago's first radio stations. Tribune later changed the station's call letters to WGN, reflecting the Tribune's slogan, "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN was first to broadcast the World Series, the Indianapolis 500 and the Kentucky Derby, and introduced microphones in the courtroom during the 1925 Scopes "monkey trial" in Tennessee.

Tribune moved the infant television industry in 1948, with the establishments of WGN-TV in Chicago and WPIX in New York City. These stations became the foundation for Tribune Broadcasting, today one of the country's largest independent TV groups. In 1978 WGN-TV became one of the first national "superstations", as its signal was linked via satellite to cable systems across the United States. The present-day cable version of the Chicago station, known as WGN America (formerly Superstation WGN), reaches about 60 million U.S. homes outside Chicago through cable and direct broadcast satellite.

In the early 1980s Tribune Broadcasting expanded its broadcast holdings and moved into television production and syndication through its Tribune Entertainment subsidiary. Programs either produced or distributed by Tribune Entertainment have included U.S. Farm Report, Independent Network News, Soul Train, and Geraldo. Tribune Entertainment was closed in 2007.

In 1993 Chicagoland Television (CLTV), the Chicago area's first 24-hour cable news television channel, was launched by the company. CLTV utilizes the resources of both the Chicago Tribune and WGN-TV. Tribune is also a minority (30 percent) owner of the Food Network, along with majority partner Scripps Networks Interactive.

Later expansion[link]

In 1981 Tribune acquired the Chicago Cubs baseball team and its stadium, Wrigley Field, from the Wrigley family for $20.5 million. The WGN stations in Chicago enjoyed a long relationship with the team, and the company's acquisition of the Cubs further cemented the partnership.

In 1983, after 136 years of private ownership, Tribune became a public company with an initial public offering (IPO) of 7.7 million shares valued at $206 million. The opening price per share was $26.75. At the time, it was one of the largest IPOs ever made. The company's New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol was TRB. Tribune's total operating revenues had grown to $2.2 billion in 1995.^{[citation needed]}

Tribune's broadcasting subsidiary became a minority shareholder in the WB Television Network, a new program service launched by the Warner Bros. Television division of Time Warner. All but a handful of Tribune's television stations became affiliates of the WB Network when it was launched in January 1995. During this period Tribune's TV station holdings grew, nearly tripling in number from eight in 1995 to 23 as of 2012. The reverse occurred in radio, as Tribune sold all of its radio properties with the exception of WGN in Chicago. Tribune's partnership in the WB Network ended in 2006 when it was merged with CBS-owned UPN. The result was the CW Television Network, jointly owned by CBS and Time Warner and affiliated with several Tribune-owned stations; Tribune does not own any portion of the network.

Tribune's television stations and newspapers are complemented by several news and information websites. The sites are operated by Tribune Interactive, established in 1999. The group manages all aspects of the company's TV and newspaper sites, plus special-interest sites like ChicagoSports.com and many sites featuring local dining and entertainment information. Affiliated national-brand classified advertising sites, in which Tribune owns an equity interest, include CareerBuilder, cars.com and apartments.com.

Recent developments[link]

On April 2, 2007, Chicago-based investor Sam Zell announced plans to buy out the media company for $34.00 a share, totalling $8.2 billion.^[1] Zell's intentions were to turn the company private. The deal was approved by 97% of the Company's shareholders on August 21, 2007.^[2] Privatization of the Tribune Company occurred on December 20, 2007 with termination of trading in Tribune stock at the close of the market.^[3]

On December 21, 2007, Tribune and Local TV announced plans to collaborate in the formation of an as yet unnamed "broadcast management company".^[4]

On January 31, 2008, Tribune Company announced it will purchase real estate leased from TMCT, LLC, which includes properties used by the Los Angeles Times, Newsday, Baltimore Sun and Hartford Courant. The company received an option to purchase the real estate for $175 million through the 2006 restructuring of TMCT, LLC.

In addition, Tribune announced the sale of Tribune Studios and related real estate in Los Angeles to Hudson Capital, LLC, for $125 million. The parties also agreed to a five-year lease allowing KTLA-TV to continue operating at the location through 2012.^[5]

On February 4, 2008, Tribune Company today named broadcast veteran Ed Wilson as president of Tribune Broadcasting, overseeing the company's 23 television stations, Superstation WGN, Tribune Entertainment, and WGN Radio. His appointment is effective February 11.^[6]

On April 28, 2008, Tribune completed an acquisition of real estate from TMCT Partnership.^[7]

On July 29, 2008, Cablevision completed a purchase of Newsday from Tribune.^[8]

On September 8, 2008, United Airlines lost (and later the same day almost regained) USD 1 billion in market value when an archived Chicago Tribune article from 2002 about United filing for bankruptcy appeared in the "most viewed" category on the website of the Sun-Sentinel. Google News index's next pass found the link as new news. Income Security Advisors found the Google result to be new news, which was passed along to Bloomberg News where it became a headline. (Tribune Company which owns both papers noted that one click on a story in non-peak hours could flag an article as "most viewed".)^[9]

On December 8, 2008, faced with high debts related to the company going private, Tribune filed for bankruptcy.^[10] Company plans call for it to emerge from bankruptcy on May 31, 2010.^[11] It was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the American media industry.^[1]

On October 27, 2009, Thomas S. Ricketts purchased a majority (95 percent) ownership of the Chicago Cubs. The sale also included Wrigley Field and a 25 percent ownership stake of Comcast SportsNet Chicago, as part of a deal designed to help Tribune restructure.^[12]

In October 2010, Randy Michaels, who was made CEO after Zell's purchase of the company, was removed and replaced by an executive council. The New York Times had reported earlier in the month about his "outlandish, often sexual behavior"; that he also exercised in his previous job at Clear Channel Communications.^[13][14]

Assets[link]

Print media[link]

English-language newspapers:

• Burbank Leader, Burbank, California
• Daily Pilot, Costa Mesa and Newport Beach, California
• Glendale News-Press, Glendale, California
• Huntington Beach Independent, Huntington Beach, California
• Valley Sun, La Cañada Flintridge, California
• Costline Pilot, Laguna Beach, California
• Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, California
• Pasadena Sun, Pasadena, California
• Hartford Courant, Hartford, Connecticut
• South Florida Sun-Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
• Orlando Sentinel, Orlando, Florida
• Chicago Tribune and Redeye, Chicago, Illinois
• Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, Maryland
• The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania
• Daily Press, Newport News, Virginia

Spanish-language newspapers:

• Hoy, Los Angeles and Chicago
• El Sentinel del Sur de la Florida, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
• El Sentinel, Orlando, Florida

Broadcast media[link]

For a complete list of the company's past and present broadcast holdings, please see Tribune Broadcasting.

Cable television[link]

• Chicagoland Television (regional cable news channel)
• Food Network (30%, with Scripps Networks Interactive)

Digital assets[link]

Note: This list is partial

See also[link]

	Chicago portal
	Companies portal

• List of assets owned by Tribune Company
• List of professional sports team owners
• Lists of corporate assets
• Tribune Interactive

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• McMeekin, Tara (May 2009). "Trib deploys hub to manage content groupwide". Newspapers & Technology: pp. 1, 24. http://www.newsandtech.com/issues/2009/May/05-09_trib-hub.htm. ^{[dead link]}

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tribune Company

• Tribune Company's official website
• Media properties owned by the Tribune Company according to the Center for Public Integrity
• Nieman Journalism Lab. "Tribune Company". Encyclo: an encyclopedia of the future of news. http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/tribune-company/. Retrieved 1 April 2012. 

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White House Correspondents' Association v t e Tribune Company Corporate directors Sam Zell (Chairman and Chief Executive) · Betsy Holden · Randy Michaels · Ed Wilson Tribune Publishing Newspapers The Baltimore Sun · Chicago Tribune · Hartford Courant · Los Angeles Times · South Florida Sun-Sentinel · Orlando Sentinel · The Morning Call · Daily Press · The Virginia Gazette · RedEye · Hoy (Chicago and Los Angeles) · El Sentinel del Sur de la Florida Times community papers Daily Pilot · Huntington Beach Independent · Burbank Leader · Glendale News Press Other Chicago · Hartford · Advocate Weekly Newspapers · Metromix (50%) · ChicagoNow Investments Classified Ventures · CareerBuilder · Topix Tribune Broadcasting Television networks Broadcast network Antenna TV Cable networks CLTV · Food Network (30%) · WGN America ABC network affiliate WGNO CW network affiliates KDAF · KIAH · KPLR-TV · KRCW-TV · KTLA · KWGN-TV · WCCT-TV · WDCW · WGN-TV · WNOL-TV · WPIX · WSFL-TV · WTTV Fox network affiliates KCPQ · KSWB-TV · KTXL · WPMT · WTIC-TV · WXIN · WXMI MyNetworkTV affiliates KZJO · WPHL-TV Radio WGN · Chicago Cubs Radio Network Tribune Media Services Comic strips Animal Crackers · Bottom Liners · Bound and Gagged · Brenda Starr, Reporter · Brewster Rockit: Space Guy! · Broom-Hilda · Dick Tracy · Gasoline Alley · Gil Thorp · Jumble · Little Orphan Annie · Loose Parts · Love Is... · The Middletons · The Pink Panther · Pluggers Editorial cartoons Dan Wasserman · Dana Summers · Dick Locher · Don Wright · Drew Sheneman · Jack Ohman · Matt Davies · Paul Conrad · Scott Stantis · Walt Handelsman Humor columnists Andy Rooney · Dave Barry · Diane Farr · Jen Lancaster · Mark Russell · Michael Showalter · Today's Chuckle Political columnists Arianna Huffington · Bill Press · Cal Thomas · Carl Hiaasen · Clarence Page · Garrison Keillor · Henry Kissinger · Ian Bremmer · Jesse Jackson · Jonah Goldberg · Jules Witcover · Leonard Pitts Jr. · Paul Kennedy · Andrés Oppenheimer · Victor Davis Hanson · William Pfaff Other columnists Amy Dickinson · Billy Graham · Goren Bridge · Liz Smith · Mitch Albom · Omarr's Astrological Forecast · Rick Steves · Robert Pagliarini · Wolfgang Puck · Zap2it Annual revenue: $5.73 billion USD (2% FY 2005) · Employees: 21,500 · Website: tribune.com v t e Chicago Cubs Formerly the Chicago White Stockings, Chicago Colts and the Chicago Orphans • Based in Chicago, Illinois Franchise History • Seasons • Records • No-hitters • Players • Managers • Owners and executives • Broadcasters • Opening Day starting pitchers • First-round draft picks Ballparks 23rd Street Grounds • Lakefront Park • West Side Park I • South Side Park • West Side Park II • Wrigley Field Spring training: Plant Field • Blair Field • HoHoKam Park Lore Babe Ruth's called shot • The Inning • Gatorade Glove Play • Homer in the Gloamin' • The Sandberg Game • Fall of '69 • Home Run Chase • Brock for Broglio • Merkle's Boner • Worst to First • Monday Saves the Flag • College of Coaches • Ken Hubbs incident • Billy Jurges incident • Game 163 Culture Steve Bartman • Curse of the Billy Goat • Ex-Cubs Factor • Tinker to Evers to Chance • Rookie of the Year • This Old Cub • Ronnie Woo Woo • Grant DePorter • Wrigley Rooftops • Cubby Bear • Wrigleyville • Wayne Messmer • Yosh Kawano • Mike Royko • Holy Cow! • Wrigley Company • Hey Hey Holy Mackerel • Bill Holden • Bleacher Bums • The Heckler • Arne Harris • Voice of Chicago • Billy Sianis • "Go, Cubs, Go" • The Natural • Pat and Ron Show • "All the Way" • Cubs Win Flag • Brant Brown • JDRF • Addison Red Line Station • Sheridan Red Line Station • Taking Care of Business • Billy Goat Tavern • Heel Click • Winter Classic • Clark Street • Addison Street • Radio Network • "Let's Play Two!" • Mr. Cub • A League of Their Own • Take Me Out to the Ball Game • I.O. • The Cubs Fan's Guide To Happiness • Pat Pieper • The Cubby Bear • Great Chicago Fire • Harry Caray's Italian Steakhouse • Bohemian National Cemetery Columbarium Rivalries Milwaukee Brewers • St. Louis Cardinals • Chicago White Sox Retired numbers 10 • 14 • 23 • 26 • 31 • 31 • 42 • Hey Hey! 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Jim Lehrer
Lehrer at the 2007 Texas Book Festival
Born	James Charles Lehrer (1934-05-19) May 19, 1934 (age 78) Wichita, Kansas, USA
Education	Victoria College (Texas) University of Missouri
Occupation	Journalist, news anchor, author
Notable credit(s)	PBS NewsHour The Dallas Morning News The Dallas Times Herald
Spouse	Kate Lehrer (1960-present)

James Charles "Jim" Lehrer ( /ˈlɛrə/; born May 19, 1934) is an American journalist and the executive editor and former news anchor for PBS NewsHour on PBS, known for his role as a frequent debate moderator during elections. Lehrer is an author of non-fiction and fiction, drawing from his experiences and interests in history and politics.

Early years[link]

Lehrer was born in Wichita, Kansas, the son of Lois Catherine (née Chapman), a bank clerk, and Harry Frederick Lehrer, a bus station manager.^[1] He attended middle school in Beaumont, Texas, and graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School (San Antonio, TX), where he was one of the three sports editors at the Jefferson Declaration. He also graduated from Victoria College in Texas and the Missouri School of Journalism at the University of Missouri. Lehrer joined the United States Marine Corps^[2] and attributes his service and travels with helping him to look past himself and feel a connection to the world that he would not have otherwise experienced.^[3]

Career[link]

Lehrer began his career in journalism at The Dallas Morning News and the Dallas Times-Herald, where he covered the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. From 1970 to 1973, Lehrer anchored the local single-story news show, Newsroom on KERA-TV, the local Public Broadcasting affiliate station in Dallas. Lehrer began working with PBS network in 1973, and in 1975 developed and co-anchored The MacNeil/Lehrer Report with Robert MacNeil. The news show was later renamed The MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, and after MacNeil's departure in 1995 was named The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer and finally PBS NewsHour in 2009.

Nicknamed the "Dean of Moderators" by CNN's Bernard Shaw, Lehrer has moderated eleven presidential candidate debates,^[4] with the most recent being the presidential debate between senators Barack Obama and John McCain on September 26, 2008.

Lehrer underwent a heart valve surgery in April 2008, and, while he recuperated, Ray Suarez anchored in his stead until his return on June 28, 2008.^[5]

On May 12, 2011, Lehrer announced he would be stepping down as anchor of PBS NewsHour on June 6, 2011, but would continue to moderate the Friday news analysis segments, and would continue to be involved with the show's production company, MacNeil/Lehrer Productions.^[6]

Personal life[link]

Lehrer is a bus enthusiast. His father was a bus driver and also briefly operated a bus company. As a college student in the 1950s, he worked as a Trailways ticket agent in Victoria, Texas. He is a supporter of the Pacific Bus Museum in Williams, California and the Museum of Bus Transportation in Hershey, Pennsylvania. He is a collector of bus memorabilia, including depot signs, driver caps, and antique toy buses.

Lehrer is married to the novelist Kate Lehrer. They have three daughters and six grandchildren.

Honors and awards[link]

• American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow (1991)
• University of Missouri School of Journalism's Medal of Honor
• William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit
• George Foster Peabody Award
• Fred Friendly First Amendment Award,
• Emmy Award
• National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Silver Circle (1999)
• Television Hall of Fame (1999)
• National Humanities Medal (1999)

Bibliography[link]

Novels (One-Eyed Mack Series)

• Lehrer, Jim (1988). Kick the Can. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13350-X. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1989). Crown Oklahoma. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13434-4. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1990). The Sooner Spy. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13536-7. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1991). Lost and Found. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13601-0. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1992). Short List. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13665-7. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1994). Fine Lines. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-517-16435-3. 

Novels (Charlie Henderson Series)

• Lehrer, Jim (1993). Blue Hearts. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-42216-1. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1998). Purple Dots. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45237-0. 

Novels (Stand-alone)

• Lehrer, Jim (1966). Viva Max!. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce. ASIN B001TNUMVE. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1995). The Last Debate. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-517-17761-7. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1996). White Widow. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45236-2. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2000). The Special Prisoner. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50371-4. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2002). No Certain Rest. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50372-2. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2004). Flying Crows: A Novel. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6197-0. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2005). The Franklin Affair. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6198-9. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2005). False Moves. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6198-9. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2006). The Phony Marine. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6486-4. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2007). Eureka. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6487-2. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2009). Oh, Johnny. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6762-6. 
• Lehrer, Jim (2010). Super. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6763-3. 

Memoirs

• Lehrer, Jim (1975). We Were Dreamers. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-10693-9. 
• Lehrer, Jim (1992). A Bus of My Own. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13765-3. 

Screenplays

• White Widow screenplay is currently^[when?] being written by Luke Wilson
• Viva Max! (1970) writing credit with Elliott Baker

Plays

• The Will and Bart Show
• Church Key Charlie Blue
• Chili Queen

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Art at Our Doorstep: San Antonio Writers and Artists featuring Jim Lehrer. Edited by Nan Cuba and Riley Robinson (Trinity University Press, 2008).

External links[link]

United States Marine Corps portal

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Jim Lehrer

• Biography on PBS NewsHour
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Jim Lehrer on Charlie Rose
• Jim Lehrer at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Jim Lehrer in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• 1998 UW Commencement Speech
• Write TV Public Television Interview with Jim Lehrer
• Archive of American Television interview
• A conversation with Jim Lehrer, on The Media Report, 10 May 2007
• Jim Lehrer discusses his novel, The Phony Marine (video)