International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help in thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment) housed at the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures. Initially created by Barry B. Hughes of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver in Colorado,^[1] the model is free for public use in both its online and downloadable forms.^[2]

IFs has three main functions, all connected to its conceptual treatment of integrated assessment forecasts: data analysis, scenario analysis, and display.^[3]

Data analysis[link]

The data analysis section of IFs represents a collection of over 2,000 data series from all major international data gatherers. It is constantly updated with new data series. This data forms the foundation of the model structure. Users can analyze historic data cross-sectionally, longitudinally or on a world map. Using cross-sectional analysis, users can select a variables and plot this against up to 5 independent variables. It is then possible to animate the map to see how the cross-sectional relationship changes across the 40+ years of data in the database. Longitudinally, users can plot the relationship between a dependent variable and time, from 1960 (for most data series) through the most recent data year available. A world map allows users to display data from any of these series using GIS options.

Scenario analysis[link]

The software allows users to access and change the parameters and variables that are used in the model. The Scenario Analysis display lets users can create their own global scenario or load a pre-run global scenario in their field of interest. For example, to analyze the effects of a policy intervention on different sub-models and variables within the model, make the changes to the appropriate variable and then analyze the results in comparison to the base-case. Many pre-run scenarios come packaged with the model, including work that has been completed for UNEP and NIC.^[4]

Display[link]

This portion of the software allows users to display the forecast results of their scenario analyses for different provinces, countries and groups across different issue areas. Some of the specialized displays include: population, educational attainment, mortality rate, World Values Survey, Gini coefficient, the Millennium Development Goals, social accounting matrix, advanced sustainability analysis, and World Bank financial flows.

Model structure[link]

The model incorporates dynamically linked sub-models. They include: population, economic, agricultural, educational, energy, socio-political, international political, environmental, health, infrastructure and technology.^[5] IFs is a unique modeling tool because it endogenizes the impact of such a wide range of global systems for 183 countries.

The help system that accompanies the software^[6] provides an extensive overview of the model structure and computer code used to write the model.

Pardee Center for IFs[link]

The project received a gift from Frederick S. Pardee, formerly of RAND, to construct the Pardee Center for International Futures.^[7] at the University of Denver. It is responsible for the further institutionalization of the software, training sessions, and the continued work on the Patterns of Potential Human Progress (PPHP) volumes.^[8] The first PPHP volume discusses reduction in global poverty; the second, global education; the third, health care systems; the fourth, global infrastructure; the fifth, domestic governance.^[9]

The journal Poverty and Public Policy reviewed the first PPHP volume, and concluded the following:

For all their fine effort in data assembly and analysis, Hughes et al. intended that their first volume’s main contribution should be one not of prediction, but of promoting thought about poverty policy. Their attractively presented and lucid volume succeeds in this endeavor; it very usefully fulfills its promise to the student and policymaker.^[10]

African Futures Project[link]

The African Futures Project is a collaboration between the Institute for Security Studies and the Pardee Center for IFs to promote long term planning for African development. This collaboration has led to the publication of various African Futures Project Policy Briefs, monographs on long-term African Development and a website where the IFs model can be used specifically for exploring African development.^[11]

See also[link]

• National Power Index

References[link]

External links[link]

• Project website

Nicky Allen

Date of birth	(1958-08-30)August 30, 1958
Place of birth	Auckland
Date of death	October 7, 1984(1984-10-07) (aged 26)
Place of death	Wollongong
Height	1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Weight	73 kg (160 lb)
Rugby union career
Playing career
Position	First five-eighth
National team(s)
Years	Club / team	Caps	(points)
1980	New Zealand	9	(28)

Nicholas Houghton Allen (b. 30 August 1958 in Auckland and d. 7 October 1984 in Wollongong). He played nine matches including two tests for the All Blacks in 1980. He died from head injuries in rugby match in 1984.

External links[link]

• Nicky Allen at AllBlacks.com