John Hume
Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party
In office 1979–2001
Deputy	Seamus Mallon
Preceded by	Gerry Fitt
Succeeded by	Mark Durkan
Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for Foyle
In office 25 June 1998 – 1 December 2000
Preceded by	New Assembly
Succeeded by	Annie Courtney
Member of the UK Parliament for Foyle
In office 9 June 1983 – 5 May 2005
Preceded by	Constituency Established
Succeeded by	Mark Durkan
Member of the European Parliament for Northern Ireland
In office 10 June 1979 – 13 June 2004
Preceded by	New creation
Succeeded by	Bairbre de Brún
Member of the Northern Ireland Parliament for Foyle
In office 24 February 1969 – 30 March 1972
Preceded by	Eddie McAteer
Succeeded by	Parliament abolished
Personal details
Born	(1937-01-18) 18 January 1937 (age 75) Derry, County Londonderry
Nationality	Irish
Political party	Social Democratic and Labour Party
Spouse(s)	Patricia Hume
Alma mater	St Columb's College St Patrick's College, Maynooth
Religion	Roman Catholic

John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is a former Irish politician from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, and was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble.

He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a position he held from 1979 until 2001. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of Parliament for Foyle, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the recent political history of Ireland and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process there. He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award, the only recipient of the three major peace awards. In 2010 he was named "Ireland's Greatest" in a public poll by Irish national broadcaster RTÉ to find the greatest person in Ireland's history.^[1]

Beginnings[link]

John Hume was born in Derry and was a student at St. Columb's College and at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, the leading Catholic seminary in Ireland and a recognised college of the National University of Ireland, where he intended to study for the priesthood. Among his teachers was the future Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich.

He did not complete his clerical studies, but did obtain a M.A degree from the college, and then returned home to his native city and became a teacher. He was a founding member of the Credit Union movement in the city. Hume became a leading figure in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s along with people such as Hugh Logue. Hume was prominent in the unsuccessful fight to have Northern Ireland's second university established in Derry in the mid-sixties. After this campaign, John Hume went on to be a prominent figure in the Derry Citizen's Action Committee. The DCAC was set up in the wake of 5 October march through Derry which had caused so much attention to be drawn towards the situation in Northern Ireland. The purpose of the DCAC was to make use of the publicity surrounding recent events to bring to light grievances in Derry that had been suppressed by the Unionist Government for years. The DCAC unlike Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), however, was aimed specifically at a local campaign, improving the situation in Derry for all, and maintaining a peaceful stance. The committee also had a Stewards Association that was there to prevent any violence at marches or sit-downs.

Involvement in the Credit Union movement[link]

Hume was a founder member of Derry Credit Union. At the age of 27 he became the youngest ever President of the Irish League of Credit Unions. He served as President from 1964 to 1968. He once said that "all the things I've been doing, it's the thing I'm proudest of, because no movement has done more good for the people of Ireland, north and south, than the credit union movement."^[2]

Political career[link]

Hume was active in the Nationalist Party in the early 1960s, but resigned in 1964, following the disinclination of many in the party to work with the National Political Front.^[3]

Hume became an Independent Nationalist member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in 1969 at the height of the civil rights campaign. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1973, and served as Minister of Commerce in the short-lived power-sharing government in 1974. He was elected to the Westminster Parliament in 1983.

In October 1971 he joined four Westminster MPs in a 48-hour hunger strike to protest at the internment without trial of hundreds of suspected Irish republicans. State papers that have been released under the 30 year rule that an Irish diplomat 8 years later in 1979 believed John Hume supported the return of internment, however the SDLP have strenuously denied this.^[4]

In 1977, Hume challenged a regulation under the Civil Authorities (Special Powers) Act (Northern Ireland) 1922 which allowed any soldier to disperse an assembly of three or more people. Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, Lord Lowry held that the regulation was Ultra Vires under Section 4 Government of Ireland Act 1920 which forbade the Parliament of Northern Ireland to make laws in respect of the army.^[5]

A founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), he succeeded Gerry Fitt as its leader in 1979. He has also served as one of Northern Ireland's three Members of the European Parliament and has served on the faculty of Boston College, from which he received an honorary degree in 1995.

Hume was directly involved in 'secret talks' with the British government and Sinn Féin, in effort to bring Sinn Féin to the discussion table openly. The talks are speculated to have led directly to the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985.

However the vast majority of unionists rejected the agreement and staged a massive and peaceful public rally in Belfast City Centre to demonstrate their distaste. Many republicans and nationalists rejected it also, as they had seen it as not going far enough.^[6] Hume, however, continued dialogue with both governments and Sinn Féin. The "Hume-Adams process" eventually delivered the 1994 IRA ceasefire which ultimately provided the relatively peaceful backdrop against which the Good Friday agreement was brokered.

Reputation[link]

Hume is credited with being the thinker behind many of the recent political developments in Northern Ireland, from the power-sharing Sunningdale Agreement to the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the Belfast Agreement. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 alongside the then-leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, David Trimble.^[7]

When David Trimble became First Minister it was expected that Hume would take the role of his deputy, being leader of the second largest party, the SDLP. Instead this role was handed to Seamus Mallon, also of the SDLP. Some political journalists cited a bad working relationship between Hume and Trimble despite collecting the Nobel prize with him.^[8]

On his retirement from the leadership of the SDLP in 2001 he was praised across the political divide, even by his longtime opponent, fellow MP and MEP, the Rev. Ian Paisley, although Conor Cruise O'Brien, the Irish writer and former politician was a critic of Hume, for what he perceived as Hume's anti-Protestant bias^{[citation needed]}. Hume was a never a typical nationalist though and he chose to play cricket rather than Gaelic games. He was a left arm spin bowler for the City of Derry cricket team when he was the only Catholic in the side. Even during The Troubles he was still welcome at the club. He was unusual in mixing socially with middle class Protestants which helped him later. Hume holds the Tip O'Neill Chair in Peace Studies at the University of Ulster, currently funded by The Ireland Funds.^[9]

During the period when he was conducting a dialogue with Sinn Féin, Hume was heavily criticised by the southern Irish commentator Eoghan Harris. Harris urged the Irish Government, then led by his friend John Bruton, to end all support for Hume's peace efforts.^[10]

Retirement[link]

On 4 February 2004, Hume announced his complete retirement from politics, and shepherded Mark Durkan as the SDLP leader and successor. He did not contest the 2004 European election (when his seat was won by Bairbre de Brún of Sinn Féin) or the 2005 general election, in which Mark Durkan successfully held the Foyle constituency for the SDLP.

Hume and his wife, Pat, continue to be active in promoting European integration, issues around global poverty and the Credit Union movement. In furtherance of his goals, he continues to speak publicly, including a visit to Seton Hall University in New Jersey in 2005, the first Summer University of Democracy of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 10–14 July 2006), and St Thomas University, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada 18 July 2007. A recent building in the National University of Ireland, Maynooth was named after him.

Hume also holds the position of Club President at his local soccer team, Derry City F.C., of whom he has been a keen supporter all his life.^[11]

John Hume is a patron of the children's charity Plan Ireland.^[12][13]

Hume is a devout Catholic and can regularly be seen attending mass in Moville, Donegal .

Awards[link]

• Honorary D.Litt, St Thomas University, Fredericton, N.B., 2007^[14]
• Honorary LL.D., Boston College, 1995. One of the 44 honorary doctorates Hume has been awarded.
• Four Freedoms, Freedom of Speech Medal Recipient, 1996^[15]
• Nobel Prize for Peace (co-recipient), 1998.
• Martin Luther King Peace Award, 1999^[16]
• International Gandhi Peace Prize, 2001.
• Freedom of both cities of Derry City & Cork, 2004.^[17]
• Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builders Prize, 2005 (presented by the Martin Luther King International Chapel, Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia)
• Honorary Patron, University Philosophical Society, Trinity College Dublin.
• Ireland's Greatest (public poll conducted by RTE), 2010

Ireland's Greatest[link]

On 22 October 2010 John Hume was announced as Ireland's greatest person. This was announced by Ryan Tubridy on The Late Late Show after a vote by RTE viewers. Hume was up against Michael Collins, Bono, James Connolly and Mary Robinson for the title.^[18]

Further reading[link]

• John Hume, 'Personal views, politics, peace and reconciliation in Ireland,' Town House, Dublin, 1996.
• John Hume, ‘Derry beyond the walls: social and economic aspects of the growth of Derry,' Ulster Historical foundation, Belfast, 2002.
• Barry White, 'John Hume: a statesman of the troubles,' Blackstaff, Belfast, 1984
• George Drower, 'John Hume: peacemaker,' Gollancz, 1995
• George Drower, 'John Hume: man of peace,' Vista, London, 1996
• Paul Routledge, 'John Hume: a biography,' Harper-Collins, London, 1997
• Gerard Murray, 'John Hume and the SDLP: impact and survival in Northern Ireland,' Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1998.

Quotes[link]

• "Over the years, the barriers of the past—the distrust and prejudices of the past—will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference."
• "I thought that I had a duty to help those that weren't as lucky as me."

External links[link]

• His Nobel Lecture
• His Address to the College Historical Society of Trinity College Dublin, on Northern Ireland
• Tip O'Neill Chair in Peace Studies at the University of Ulster

References[link]

This Ireland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

1. John Hume was leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize and key figure in the Northern Ireland peace process.

2. Michael Collins was Director of Intelligence for the IRA in the Irish War of Independence and later Commander-in-Chief of the Irish Army and Minister for Finance.

3. Mary Robinson was the first female President of Ireland and also United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and Global Elder.

4. James Connolly was a socialist leader, founder of the Labour Party and leader in the Easter Rising.

5. Bono is the lead singer in rock band U2.

Ireland's Greatest Sportsperson: Pádraig Harrington has won three golf majors.

Ireland's Greatest Scientist: Robert Boyle founded modern chemistry and discovered Boyle's Law.

Ireland's Greatest was a 2010 public poll by Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) and associated television documentary series broadcast on RTÉ One, where viewers voted to choose the greatest person in the history of Ireland.^[1] The concept was based on the BBC series 100 Greatest Britons.^[2] The winner was John Hume.^[3]

Format[link]

To draw up an initial shortlist of 40 names, RTÉ commissioned an opinion poll of 1,000 members of the public,^[4] carried out by Ipsos MRBI in late 2009.^[1][5] The shortlist was published on 22 March 2010 on the RTÉ.ie website,^[6] and readers could vote for their preferred person for 12 days, ending on 2 April;^[1] one vote per IP address was permitted.^[4] The top ten was announced on The Tubridy Show with Myles Dungan on 5 April 2010.^[7] The top five was established at this point,^[4] but not publicised until RTÉ's programming schedule for autumn 2010 was unveiled in August.^[8] Each of the top five was profiled in a one-hour documentary programme broadcast in autumn 2010 and presented by a public figure advocating that person's claim to the title of "greatest person". Viewers voted for the overall winner, announced on The Late Late Show on 22 October 2010.^[7][3]

Top five[link]

The ranking of the top five, and the advocates who each present a one-hour documentary about one of them, were as follows:^[9][3]

Top 40[link]

The following people were shortlisted:^[8][7][1][3]

Ireland's Greatest Women[link]

In 2005, Marian Finucane's radio show organised a similar poll to find Ireland's greatest woman. There were some claims of ballot-stuffing.^[10] The top ten was:^[11]

1. Nano Nagle, founder of the Presentation Sisters
2. Mary Robinson, President of Ireland and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
3. Michelle Smith, winner of three gold medals and a bronze medal in swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics (later tarnished by allegations of usage of the performance-enhancing drug androstenedione)
4. Saint Brigid, 4th/5th century abbess and one of Ireland's patron saints (many modern historians believe Brigid to be fictional)
5. Gráinne Ní Mháille, Galway pirate
6. Christina Noble, founder of the Christina Noble Children's Foundation
7. Edel Quinn, Catholic missionary
8. Sophia McColgan, child abuse survivor
9. Kathleen Lynn, suffragette, Sinn Féin TD and Easter Rising participant
10. Nora Herlihy, co-founder of the Irish League of Credit Unions^[12]

[edit] Ireland's Greatest Sportsperson

In September 2009, RTÉ ran an online poll in sponsored by Paddy Power to nominate Ireland's greatest sportsperson.^[13] A shortlist of 32 names was selected by a panel of experts.^[14] The top ten was announced on 31 December 2009:^[15]

1. Pádraig Harrington (golf)
2. Brian O'Driscoll (rugby union)
3. Joey Dunlop (motorcycling)
4. George Best (soccer)
5. Roy Keane (soccer)
6. Sean Kelly (cycling)
7. Sonia O'Sullivan (athletics)
8. Christy Ring (hurling)
9. Vincent O'Brien (horse racing)
10. Paul McGrath (soccer)

The other 22 were:^[14] D. J. Carey, Eamonn Coghlan, Ronnie Delany, Ken Doherty, Mike Gibson, Johnny Giles, Kevin Heffernan, Alex Higgins, Jack Kyle, Eddie Macken, Tony McCoy, Barry McGuigan, Aidan O'Brien, Mick O'Connell, Christy O'Connor Snr, Mick O'Dwyer, Jack O'Shea, Mary Peters, Stephen Roche, Henry Shefflin, Michelle Smith, and John Treacy.

Ireland's Greatest Scientist[link]

In 2010, the website science.ie selected its Top 10 Irish scientists, in response to the exclusion of scientists from the RTÉ longlist.

1. Robert Boyle, founder of modern chemistry and discover of Boyle's law
2. William Rowan Hamilton, mathematician who developed Hamiltonian mechanics and discovered quaternions
3. Ernest Walton, physicist who "split the atom"; the only Irish Nobel laureate in a science (Physics, 1951)
4. Kathleen Lonsdale, X-ray crystallographer who discovered the molecular structure of benzene and diamonds
5. Dorothy Price, introduced the BCG tuberculosis vaccine to Ireland
6. John Tyndall, physicist who studied radiant energy in air
7. Harry Ferguson, inventor of the modern tractor
8. George Gabriel Stokes, physicist who worked in fluid dynamics, optics and mathematical physics; also discovered Stokes' theorem

9. Fr Nicholas Callan, who invented the modern induction coil
9. Charles Algernon Parsons, inventor of the steam turbine
9. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, who formulated the first and second Laws of Thermodynamics

Criticism[link]

The list of nominees for Ireland's Greatest was criticised by historians Diarmuid Ferriter,^[10] Tim Pat Coogan, and Maurice Manning,^[5] and Irish Times columnist Noel Whelan^[16] They said that the list was skewed towards recent times, and that many nominees were celebrities from popular culture or sport rather than people who had made a lasting contribution to society; Ferriter said "It is going to be very hard to take this seriously for historians".^[16][10] Ryan Tubridy, who presents The Late Late Show, commented, "There are some really silly names in there. It's contentious to say the least".^[4] Liam Dolan in the Sunday Independent called it "a shambolic litany of well-intentioned do-gooders and talented non-entities".^[17] People whose inclusion attracted criticism included Stephen Gately, Louis Walsh and Daniel O'Donnell.^[2] The Belfast Telegraph noted the absence of Van Morrison and George Best;^[2] other absentees noted were Michael Davitt, John McCormack,^[5] William Rowan Hamilton, Lady Gregory, and Samuel Beckett.^[17] Ken Sweeney in the Irish Independent criticised the ranking of Stephen Gately ahead of Éamon de Valera.^[4] The dearth of women —3 out of 40— was also noted.^[7][2][4] Website science.ie responded to the lack of scientists on the RTÉ shortlist by organising its own poll for Ireland's greatest scientist, won by Robert Boyle.^[18]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Ireland's Greatest from RTÉ website