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Islam Portal v t e

A minaret (Turkish: minare,^[1] from Arabic manārah (lighthouse)مناره, sometimes مئذنه) is a distinctive architectural feature of Islamic mosques, generally a tall spire with an onion-shaped or conical crown, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure. The basic form of a minaret includes a base, shaft, and gallery.^[2] Styles vary regionally and by period. Minarets provide a visual focal point and are used for the call to prayer (adhan).

Functions[link]

As well as providing a visual cue to a Muslim community, the main function of the minaret is to provide a vantage point from which the call to prayer is made. The call to prayer is issued five times each day: dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and night. In most modern mosques, the adhan is called from the musallah, or prayer hall, via microphone to a speaker system on the minaret. Minarets also function as air conditioning mechanisms: as the sun heats the dome, air is drawn in through open windows then up and out of the minaret, thereby providing natural ventilation.^{[citation needed]}

History[link]

The minaret of the Great Mosque of Kairouan- the oldest standing minaret.^[3] City of Kairouan, Tunisia

The Great Qutub minar in Delhi constructed in 1192.

The earliest mosques were built without minarets, the call to prayer was performed elsewhere; hadiths relay that the Muslim community of Madina gave the call to prayer from the roof of the house of Muhammad, which doubled as a place for prayer. Around 80 years after Muhammad's death the first known minarets appeared.^[4]

Minarets have been described as the "gate from heaven and earth", and as the Arabic language letter alif (which is a straight vertical line).^[5]

The massive minaret of the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia is the oldest standing minaret.^[3][6] Its construction began during the first third of the 8th century and was completed in 836 CE.^[7] The imposing square-plan tower consists of three sections of decreasing size reaching 31.5 meters.^[7] Considered as the prototype for minarets of the western Islamic world, it served as a model for many later minarets.^[7]

The tallest minaret, at 210 metres (689 ft.) is located at the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco The tallest brick minaret is Qutub Minar located in Delhi, India.^[8]

In some of the oldest mosques, such as the Great Mosque of Damascus, minarets originally served as illuminated watchtowers (hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic nur, meaning "light").^{[citation needed]}

Construction[link]

Minarets basic form consist of three parts: a base, shaft, and a gallery. For the base, the ground is excavated until a hard foundation is reached. Gravel and other supporting materials may be used as a foundation; it is unusual for the minaret to be built directly upon ground-level soil. Minarets may be conical (tapering), square, cylindrical, or polygonal (faceted). Stairs circle the shaft in a counter-clockwise fashion, providing necessary structural support to the highly elongated shaft. The gallery is a balcony which encircles the upper sections from which the muezzin may give the call to prayer. It is covered by a roof-like canopy and adorned with ornamentation, such as decorative brick and tile work, cornices, arches and inscriptions, with the transition from the shaft to the gallery typically sporting muqarnas. Originally plain in style, a minaret's origin in time can be determined by its level of ostentation.^{[citation needed]}

Local styles[link]

Styles and architecture can vary widely according to region and time period. Here are a few styles and the localities from which they derive:

Minaret (malwiya) of the Great Mosque of Samarra

In pre-Islamic Firouzabad, Iran, at the center of the circular city was a spiral fire temple tower, the architectural precedent of the Minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra, illustratig the Sassanid influence on early Islamic architecture.

Tunisia

(7th century) Quadrangular, the Mosque of Uqba of kairouan have the oldest Minaret in the Muslim world.

Turkish (11th century) 

1, 2, 4 or 6 minarets related to the size of the mosque. Slim, circular minarets of equal cross-section are common.

Egypt (7th century) / Syria (until 13th century) 

Low square towers sitting at the four corners of the mosque.

Iraq 

For a free-standing conical minaret surrounded by a spiral staircase, see Malwiya.

Egypt (15th century) 

Octagonal. Two balconies, the upper smaller than the lower, projecting mukarnas, surmounted by an elongated finial.

Persia (17th century) 

Generally two pairs of slim, blue tile clad towers flanking the mosque entrance, terminating in covered balconies.

Tatar (18th century)

Tatar mosque:A sole minaret is used, placed at the centre of a gabled roof.

Morocco

Typically a single square minaret. Notable exceptions are the octagonal minaret located in Chefchaouen and the round minaret located in Moulay Idriss.

South Asia

Octagonal, generally three balconied, with the upper most roofed by an onion dome and topped by a small finial.

Examples[link]

• 

  Square three-tiered minaret (the oldest in existence) of the Mosque of Uqba also known as the Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Kairouan, Tunisia.

• 

  1000 years old Qutub minar in Delhi.

• 

  Minaret in Eger, Hungary, the most northern left from Ottoman rule.

• Minar Baitul Futuh.jpg

  Baitul Futuh Mosque minaret in London, United Kingdom.

• 

  Islamic-Specific Architecture in a Mosque with Two Minarets in Nishapur

• 

  Minaret in Wangen bei Olten, Switzerland.

• 

  Faisal Mosque Minaret, Islamabad, Pakistan

• 

  The Charminar in Hyderabad, India

• 

  The four Minerats in Quba Mosque, the first mosque in history built by Prophet Muhammad upon arrival in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

• 

  The minaret of the Al Muhdhar mosque in Tarim, Yemen

• 

  The six minareted Blue Mosque or Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey.

• 

  Majapahit-style minaret of Menara Kudus Mosque in Java, Indonesia

• 

  The minaret of the Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan

• Shahi Mosque 6.jpg

  One of the minarets of the Badshahi Mosque also in Lahore, Pakistan

• 

  Old adobe minaret in Kharanagh, Iran

• 

  Simple wooden pole used as minaret in Nouadhibou, Mauritania

• 

  A minaret in Linxia, typical of small-town mosques in Gansu, China

• 

  Chinese-style minaret of Tongxin Mosque, Ningxia, China

• 

  Wooden minaret of the Dungan Mosque in Karakol, Kyrgyzstan

• 

  Sabah State Mosque minaret in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (Borneo).

• 

  Minaret at mosque in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

• 

  The White Minaret in Qadian, India.

• 

  The 74m Minerat of the Grand Mosque in Kuwait City, Kuwait

• The Profit Mosque.jpg

  The Minerat in the Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad in Madinah,Saudi Arabia

• 

  The "bare tower" of Huaisheng Mosque, Guangzhou, China

• 

  A Burmese-style mosque with an elaborately carved minaret in Amarapura

• 

  Minaret in Kashgar, China.

• 

  Chinguetti mosque minaret, in Mauritania

• 

  El-Tabia Mosque with two minarets in Aswan, Egypt.

• 

  The four minarets in Mashkhur Jusup central mosque, Pavlodar , Kazakhstan.

• 

  A Minaret of a Mosque in central Jubail, Saudi Arabia.

• 

  Minaret of Al Othman Mosque in Jebla, Kuwait; build in 1857.

• Ghawanima Minaret-Aqsa.JPG

  The Ghawanima Minaret, 1900; one of the four minarets of Al-Aqsa Mosque, Old City Jerusalem

See also[link]

• Minaret controversy in Switzerland
• Spire

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Jonathan M. Bloom (1989), Minaret, symbol of Islam, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-728013-3

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Minarets

• "The Minaret, Symbol of a Civilization"

Sheila Chandra
Sheila Chandra at The Big Chill in 2008
Background information
Birth name	Sheila Savithri Elizabeth Chandra
Born	(1965-04-14) 14 April 1965 (age 47)
Origin	London, England
Genres	pop, world fusion, English folk music
Occupations	singer, author, songwriter, actor
Instruments	vocals
Years active	1981–present
Labels	Indipop Records, Phonogram, Mercury Records, Real World Records
Associated acts	Monsoon, Ancient Beatbox, The Imagined Village
Website	sheilachandra.com

Sheila Chandra (born 14 April 1965 in London) is an English pop singer of Indian descent.

Indian-Western pop fusion period[link]

Sheila Chandra first came to public attention as an actress, playing Sudhamani Patel in the BBC school drama Grange Hill from 1979 to 1981.^[1]

As a teenager she formed the band Monsoon with Steve Coe (who became the band's producer), and Martin Smith. Monsoon created a fusion of Western and Indian pop styles. They recorded their lone album Third Eye in 1982 from which they had a surprise hit single Ever So Lonely, which peaked at #12 in the UK. They followed-up with the single, "Shakti", which peaked at #41, but this was to be the band's final charting single. The album also includes a cover of The Beatles' "Tomorrow Never Knows", featuring the distinctive EBow guitar sound of Bill Nelson.

Resenting pressure from their record company over musical direction, Monsoon dissolved in 1982 and Coe and Smith set about promoting Chandra as a solo artist on independent Indipop Records. Phonogram "posthumously" released Third Eye in 1983.

Chandra went on to release a number of albums in the 1980s, at times experimenting with her voice as an instrument through a range of techniques. In the 1990s she released three albums on Peter Gabriel's Real World label, although Martin Smith was no longer actively involved by this time.

Shift to solo voice and drone style[link]

In the 1990s Chandra decided, having been a studio artist exclusively, to give concerts for the first time, and concurrently released a trilogy of albums on Peter Gabriel's Real World label. These were in the minimalist ‘solo voice and drone’ style which she developed especially for live performances, so that she could perform alone on stage with only the occasional taped drone for accompaniment. Martin Smith was no longer actively involved by this time. Drawing on similarities of structure between Indian ragas and English folk melodies, she started to incorporate many British and Irish traditional songs and techniques, as well as other vocal styles and techniques from around the world.^[2] Vocal stamina issues caused her to abandon live performances in 1994 and she only returned to the concert stage in 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Other projects[link]

In 1990 Chandra interrupted her sabbatical to record a single (“Raining”) with the folk/synth band ‘Ancient Beatbox’ which also appeared on their self-titled album. In 2000 she contributed 2 tracks, one a cover version of Tim Buckley's “Song to the Siren” and the other a remix or her solo track “Ever So Lonely/Eyes/Ocean” by Stephen Haig, to the ‘Gifted’ album on Real World Records.

Chandra is a respected performer on the world music scene and remains active into the 21st Century. In 2001 Chandra released a collaborative album with ‘The Ganges Orchestra’ entitled ‘This Sentence Is True’ based on her two experimental EPs with them (EEP 1, EEP2)

2002 saw the release of a remix of her original hit single “Ever So Lonely” retitled “So Lonely” by the band Jakatta. It charted at no 8 in the UK. In 2002 she performed the song entitled "Breath of Life" (retitled "The Grace of Valar" in 2006 release)^[3] with Howard Shore for the The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers soundtrack.

In 2007, she recorded two songs for Simon Emmerson's project The Imagined Village, which set out to re-interpret traditional English songs using a wide range of contemporary English musicians. She also appeared with The Imagined Village on a concert tour of England in the late autumn of 2007. Her website lists seven concert dates in the UK and other parts of Europe in 2009.^[4]

Chandra has recently taken a new path as an author. Her first book Banish Clutter Forever-How The Toothbrush Principle Will Change Your Life (published by Ebury Publishing/Random House on 4 March 2010) contains her own system for being well organized, and is particularly aimed at those who work from home.^[5]

Discography[link]

	Monsoon - Ever So Lonely excerpt noicon An excerpt from Monsoon's Ever So Lonely
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Albums[link]

With Monsoon:

• Third Eye (1982)

Solo:

• Out on My Own (1984)
• Quiet (1984)
• Nada Brahma (1985)
• The Struggle (1985)
• Roots and Wings (1990)
• Weaving My Ancestors' Voices (1992)
• Silk (1993)
• The Zen Kiss (1994)
• ABoneCroneDrone (1996)
• Moonsung: A Real World Retrospective (1999)
• This Sentence Is True (The Previous Sentence Is False) (2001)
• The Indipop Retrospective (2003)

Singles[link]

• Ever So Lonely (1982)
• "Shakti (The Meaning of Within)" (1982)
• "Tomorrow Never Knows" (1982)
• "Wings of the Dawn (Prem Kavita)" (1982)
• "Ever So Lonely" (Remix by Ben Chapman) (1990)
• "So Lonely" ("Ever So Lonely" remixes by Jakatta) (2002)

Other[link]

• "Raining (My Eyes Are Filled With Clouds)" with Ancient Beatbox (1990)
• "Breath of Life" in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
• "Welcome Sailor" and "'Ouses, 'Ouses, 'Ouses" from Imagined Village (2007)

Books[link]

• Banish Clutter Forever – How the Toothbrush Principle Will Change Your Life (2010) ISBN 978-0-09-193502-3

Interviews[link]

• Mathur, Rakesh (1991). Nada Brahma; DEVI in Hinduism Today, August 1991.
• Schaefer, John (1993). Sheila Chandra's Interview with John Schaefer at WNYC 1993: Weaving My Ancestors' Voices.
• Schaefer, John (1996). Sheila Chandra's Interview with John Schaefer at WNYC 1996: ABoneCroneDrone.
• Prasad, Anil (2000). Sheila Chandra: Natural extensions in Innerviews, 3 May 2000.
• Joe F. Compton (2000). "The Commonality is Brilliance...".
• Mite (2000). Sheila Chandra Interview in Mutant Renegade Zine #13, Winter 2000.
• Teropong (2008). Sheila Chandra in Womad Singapore, 23 August 2008.
• Millard, Rosie (2010). Another Fine Mess You’ve Got Me Out Of at Times Online

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sheila Chandra

• Official website
• Official website of book "Banish Clutter Forever - How The Toothbrush Principle Will Change Your Life" by Sheila Chandra
• Sheila Chandra at Imagined Village
• Sheila Chandra at Allmusic
• Sheila Chandra at the Internet Movie Database
• Sheila Chandra at Ectophiles' Guide to Good Music

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since July 2009. It includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Tagged since April 2010. It may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since July 2009.

Tomáš Klus
Album release, Prague (2008)
Background information
Born	(1986-05-15)May 15, 1986 Třinec, Czech Republic
Genres	folk, rock, pop
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, Drama student
Instruments	guitar
Labels	Sony BMG
Website	'http://www.tomasklus.cz/

Tomáš Klus (born May 15, 1986) is a Czech musician and songwriter from the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.^[1]

Klus was born in the industrial town of Třinec, where he spent most of his childhood. Both his parents were folk music fans, taking Tomáš with them to many different concerts and music festivals. Growing up he was heavily influenced by musicians Karel Plíhal, Karel Kryl and Jaromír Nohavica who were a big inspiration to the young Tomáš, especially Nohavica, who remains one of his favourite musicians, and whose style his own closely resembles.

Klus won a gold medal with his team in 2002 in modern pentathlon on a European championship^[2], but became more interested in performance art and music after moving to Prague, where he initially moved aged 15 to pursue a sporting career.

In 2007 he was the winner of the Czech Talent Zlín competition.

In 2008 he released his debut album, Cesta do záhu(d)by. The single "Do Nebe," featured in the album, was played on Czech Radio previous to the album release. He also produced music for Czech film Anglické jahody ("English Strawberries").

He is currently a student of drama at Prague's drama/theatre university DAMU (Divadelni fakulta AMU).

In 2011 he released a song called "Pánu bohu do oken" (To the God's window) in which he sings about Czech politics, about politicians who make fun of and mock common people. He asks the God what his people deserved this treatment for. It was performed live in Český Slavík 2011, a mainstream Czech music awards ceremony, which only demonstrated its growing popularity among broad audiences of all generations.

On September 26th, 2011, his latest album Racek was released. It debuted at number one in Czech Album Sales Chart and it was certified Gold in its first week on sale. ^[3]. Racek has spent 23 non-consecutive weeks at number one^[4]. It was the best selling album of 2011^[5] in the Czech Republic and later it was certified as double platinum album.^[6]

Discography[link]

Albums:

• Cesta do záhu(d)by (February 2008, Sony BMG)^[7]
• Hlávní uzávěr splínu (2009)^[8]
• Racek (2011)^[9]

Awards and certifications[link]

Awards[link]

Anděl - Czech Music Academy Awards
Český Slavík - Czech equivalent of Emmy awards

• 2008 - Anděl - The best new act^[10]
• 2009 - Anděl - Singer of the year^[11]
• 2010 - TV Óčko Music Awards - Singer of the year
• 2011 - OSA Award - The most successful young artist
• 2011 - Český Slavík Awards - Silver award (2nd place) in category of Male singers^[12]
• 2011 - Anděl - Singer of the year ^[13]
• 2011 - Anděl - Album of the year award for "Racek" ^[14]
• 2011 - Anděl - The best selling album of the year award for "Racek"^[15]
• 2011 - Žebřík Awards - Album of the year award for "Racek"
• 2011 - Žebřík Awards - Male singer of the year - 2nd place
• 2011 - Žebřík Awards - Song of the year award for "Nina"
• 2011 - TýTý Awards - Male singer of the year - 2nd place
• 2011 - TýTý Awards - The best new artist

Certifications[link]

• 2009 - Gold album for selling more than 6,000 copies of "Cesta do záhu(d)by"
• 2010 - Gold album for selling more than 8,000 copies of "Hlavní úzavěr splínu"
• 2011 - Platinum album for selling more than 12,000 copies of "Hlavní uzávěr splínu"
• 2011 - Gold album for selling more than 6,000 copies of "Racek"
• 2011 - Platinum album for selling more than 12,000 copies of "Racek"
• 2011 - 2 times platinum album for selling more than 24,000 copies of "Racek"

References[link]

• tomas klus mtv
• Tomas Klus official website CZ
• Anglicke Jahody (English Strawberries)
• Czech Talent Zlin 2007 results
• Tomas Klus profile on Osobnosti.cz

Erik Truffaz
Background information
Birth name	Erik Truffaz
Born	c. 1960
Origin	Switzerland
Genres	Jazz fusion Acid jazz Post bop
Occupations	Trumpeter
Instruments	Trumpet
Years active	1990s–present
Labels	Blue Note Records (current) EMI
Associated acts	Erik Truffaz Ladyland Quartet Matt Penman Thor Madsen
Website	Official Website

Erik Truffaz (born 1960 in Switzerland) is a Swiss-born French jazz trumpeter, infusing elements of hip hop, rock and roll and dance music into his compositions. He signed with the French EMI label in 1996. Truffaz gained international attention with his second album on Blue Note, The Dawn, produced together with Pat Muller, Marcello Giuliani and Mark Erbetta. Since then they have produced many Blue Note albums together such as Bending New Corners, which became a Silver Album in France. The 2007 release Arkhangelsk is a mixture of pop songs, French chanson, and jazz-groove. In 2007 he and Ed Harcourt appeared in a Take-Away Show video session shot by Vincent Moon.

Discography[link]

• Nina Valéria (1994)
• Out of a Dream (1997)
• The Dawn (1998)
• Bending New Corners (1999)
• The Mask (2000)
• Mantis (2001)
• ReVisité (2001)
• Magrouni (2002)
• Tales Of The Lighthouse (2002)
• The Walk of the Giant Turtle (2003)
• Saloua (2005)
• Face-à-face (2CD Live + DVD) (2006)
• Arkhangelsk (2007)
• Benares (2008)
• Mexico (2008)
• Paris (2008)
• In between (2010)

External links[link]

• Official site
• A documentary about the recording of Erik Truffaz's album 'Arkhangelsk' featuring Nya, Christophe & Ed Harcourt.

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Issey Miyake (三宅 一生, Miyake Issei^?, born 22 April 1938) is a Japanese fashion designer. He is known for his technology-driven clothing designs, exhibitions and fragrances.

Life and career[link]

An Issey Miyake gown on display in Florence, Italy, in 2007.

A design from the 1990 Rhythm Pleats collection; polyester, pleated, heat-and-pressure-set.

A vintage Issey Miyake gown in a museum exhibit.

Miyake was born 22 April 1938 in Hiroshima, Japan. As a seven year-old, he witnessed and survived the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.^[1] He studied graphic design at the Tama Art University in Tokyo, graduating in 1964. After graduation, he worked in Paris and New York City. Returning to Tokyo in 1970, he founded the Miyake Design Studio, a high-end producer of women's fashion.

In the late 1980s, he began to experiment with new methods of pleating that would allow both flexibility of movement for the wearer as well as ease of care and production. This eventually resulted in a new technique called garment pleating in 1993's Pleats Please in which the garments are cut and sewn first, then sandwiched between layers of paper and fed into a heat press, where they are pleated. The fabric's 'memory' holds the pleats and when the garments are liberated from their paper cocoon, they are ready-to wear. He did the costume for Ballett Frankfurt with pleats in a piece named "the Loss of Small Detail" William Forsythe and also work on ballet "Garden in the setting".

He had a long friendship with Austrian-born pottery artist Dame Lucie Rie. She bequeathed to him her substantial collection of ceramic and porcelain buttons, which he integrated into his designs and presented in new collections.

He also developed a friendship with Apple's Steve Jobs and produced the black turtlenecks which would become a part of Jobs' signature attire. Jobs said, "So I asked Issey to make me some of his black turtlenecks that I liked, and he made me like a hundred of them."^[2]

In 1994 and 1999, Miyake turned over the design of the men's and women's collections respectively, to his associate, Naoki Takizawa, so that he could return to research full-time. In 2007, Naoki Takizawa opened his own brand, supported by the Issey Miyake Group and was replaced, as a Creative Director of the House of Issey Miyake, by Dai Fujiwara.

As of 2012, he is one of the co-Directors of 21 21 DESIGN SIGHT, Japan's first design museum.^[3]

Issey Miyake lines and brands[link]

Mr. Miyake "oversees the overall direction of all lines created by his company", even though the individual collections have been designed by his staff since his 'retirement' from the fashion world in 1997.^[4][5]

• Issey Miyake - main collection line, subdivided into men (since 1978/85) and women (since 1971) collections, designed by Dai Fujiwara^[6] (succeeded Naoki Takizawa in 2006)^[7]
• Issey Miyake Fête - colorful women's line that "draws on the technological innovations of Pleats Please"^[8] (Fête means 'celebration' in French) (since 2004)
• Pleats Please Issey Miyake - polyester jersey garments for women that are first "cut and sewn and then pleated [...] (normally, fabric is first pleated and then cut and sewn [...])"^[9] "to permanently retain washboard rows of horizontal, vertical or diagonal knife-edge pleats."^[10] (since 1989/93)
• HaaT - women's line, designed by Miyake's former textile designer, Makiko Minagawa. HaaT means 'village market' in Sanskrit, the word sound similar to 'heart' in English.^[11][12] (since 2000).
• A-POC - custom-collection for men and women. Tubes of fabric are machine-processed and can be cut into various shapes by the consumer. A-POC is an acronym of 'a piece of cloth', and a near homonym of 'epoch'.^{[4][6][13][14][15][16]} (since 1997)
• me Issey Miyake - line of "exclusive one-sized shirts that stretch to fit the wearer" that are sold in plastic tube, named Cauliflower for the non-Asian market.^[17][18] (since 2001)
• Issey Miyake Watches - men's and women's watches
• Issey Miyake Perfumes - line of fragrances for men and women. See below
• Evian by Issey Miyake - Limited edition bottle designed by Issey Miyake for Evian water.
• Issey Miyake maintains a freestanding store, named ELTTOB TEP Issey Miyake (reverse for 'Pet Bottle') in Osaka where the full array of lines is available.^[19]
• 21-21 Design Sight (a play on 20/20 vision) is a museum-style research center for design, constructed by Tadao Ando, that was opened in Roppongi, Tokyo in March 2007. The center is headed by Issey Miyake and four other Japanese designers, and operated by The Miyake Issey Foundation.^[20][21]
• The Miyake Issey Foundation, founded in Tokyo in 2004, operates the 21_21 Design Sight center, organizes exhibitions and events, and publishes literature.

Perfumes[link]

Like many fashion designers, Issey Miyake also has a line of perfumes. His first fragrance, the light aquatic-floral L'eau d'Issey for women, was launched in 1992. The name L'eau d'Issey (engl.: Issey's water) is a pun. In French, it sounds identical to "l'odyssée" (engl. odyssey).The bottle, designed by Miyake himself, is based on the view of the moon behind the Eiffel Tower from his Paris apartment.

The scent was followed by L'eau d'Issey Pour Homme (for men) in 1994. L'eau Bleue d'Issey Pour Homme was introduced in 2004; and its evolution, L'eau Bleue d'Issey Eau Fraiche was introduced in 2006. Every year since 2007, Issey Miyake has brought out a "limited time only" fragrance for ladies in which he brings in a "guest" perfumer. In 2007, he launched 'Drop on a Petal', and in 2008 he launched 'Reflections in a Drop'. A new Issey Miyake men's fragrance, L'eau d'Issey Pour Homme Intense, was introduced at Nordstrom in the United States in June 2007, with a larger worldwide rollout following in September 2007. Issey Miyake fragrances are produced under a long-term agreement by the Beauté Prestige International division of Shiseido, who also produces fragrances for Narciso Rodriguez, Elie Saab, and Jean-Paul Gaultier.

Awards[link]

• Miyake won the Arts and Philosophy Kyoto Prize in 2006.^[22]
• In 2005, he was awarded the Praemium Imperiale for Sculpture.
• Order of Culture, 2010^[23]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Issey Miyake

• Issey Miyake - official website
• ELTOTOB TEP Issey Miyake web site
• Issey Miyake Watches web site
• Issey Miyake Parfums web site
• Issey Miyake designer profile at Fashion Model Directory
• Issey Miyake TribeCa store web site
• Pleats Please Issey Miyake web site
• Pleats Please online store by Issey Miyake USA Corp.
• Issey Miyake at the Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain (Paris)
• Exhibition including Miyake's work at the Cincinnati Art Museum
• Art Directors Club biography, portrait and images of work
• 'A Flash of Memory' New York Times Op-Ed