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Treaty of Trianon negotiations

Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties, intended to reach an understanding, resolve point of difference, or gain advantage in outcome of dialogue, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests of two people/parties involved in negotiation process. Negotiation is a process where each party involved in negotiating tries to gain an advantage for themselves by the end of the process. Negotiation is intended to aim at compromise.

Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. The study of the subject is called negotiation theory. Professional negotiators are often specialized, such as union negotiators, leverage buyout negotiators, peace negotiators, hostage negotiators, or may work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators or brokers.

Etymology[link]

The word "negotiation" originated from the Latin expression, "negotiatus", past participle of negotiare which means "to carry on business". "Negotium" (from "Nec Otium") means literally "not leisure".

Approaches to negotiation[link]

Negotiation typically manifests itself with a trained negotiator acting on behalf of a particular organization or position. It can be compared to mediation where a neutral third party listens to each side's arguments and attempts to help craft an agreement between the parties. It is also related to arbitration which, as with a legal proceeding, both sides make an argument as to the merits of their "case" and then the arbitrator decides the outcome for both parties. There are two opposite types of negotiation: Integrative and Distributive.

Distributive Negotiation[link]

The term distributive means; there is a giving out; or the scattering of things. By its mere nature, there is a limit or finite amount in the thing being distributed or divided amongst the people involved. Hence, this type of negotiation is often referred to as 'The Fixed Pie'. There is only so much to go around, but the proportion to be distributed is limited but also variable. A distributive negotiation usually involves people who have never had a previous interactive relationship, nor are they likely to do so again in the near future. Simple everyday examples would be buying a car or a house.

Integrative negotiation[link]

The word integrative means to join several parts into a whole. Conceptually, this implies some cooperation, or a joining of forces to achieve something together. Usually involves a higher degree of trust and a forming of a relationship. Both parties want to walk away feeling they've achieved something which has value by getting what each wants. Ideally, it is a twofold process. Integrative negotiation process generally involves some form or combination of making value for value concessions, in conjunction with creative problem solving. Generally, this form of negotiation is looking down the road, to them forming a long term relationship to create mutual gain. It is often described as the win-win scenario.

There are many different ways to segment negotiation to gain a greater understanding of the essential parts. One view of negotiation involves three basic elements: process, behavior and substance. The process refers to how the parties negotiate: the context of the negotiations, the parties to the negotiations, the tactics used by the parties, and the sequence and stages in which all of these play out. Behavior refers to the relationships among these parties, the communication between them and the styles they adopt. The substance refers to what the parties negotiate over: the agenda, the issues (positions and - more helpfully - interests), the options, and the agreement(s) reached at the end.

Another view of negotiation comprises 4 elements: strategy, process and tools, and tactics. Strategy comprises the top level goals - typically including relationship and the final outcome. Processes and tools include the steps that will be followed and the roles taken in both preparing for and negotiating with the other parties. Tactics include more detailed statements and actions and responses to others' statements and actions. Some add to this persuasion and influence, asserting that these have become integral to modern day negotiation success, and so should not be omitted.

Skilled negotiators may use a variety of tactics ranging from negotiation hypnosis, to a straight forward presentation of demands or setting of preconditions to more deceptive approaches such as cherry picking. Intimidation and salami tactics may also play a part in swaying the outcome of negotiations.

Another negotiation tactic is bad guy/good guy. Bad guy/good guy tactic is when one negotiator acts as a bad guy by using anger and threats. The other negotiator acts as a good guy by being considerate and understanding. The good guy blames the bad guy for all the difficulties while trying to get concessions and agreement from the opponent.^[1]

When a party pretends to negotiate, but secretly has no intention of compromising, the negotiator is considered to be negotiating in bad faith.

The advocate's approach[link]

In the advocacy approach, a skilled negotiator usually serves as advocate for one party to the negotiation and attempts to obtain the most favorable outcomes possible for that party. In this process the negotiator attempts to determine the minimum outcome(s) the other party is (or parties are) willing to accept, then adjusts their demands accordingly. A "successful" negotiation in the advocacy approach is when the negotiator is able to obtain all or most of the outcomes their party desires, but without driving the other party to permanently break off negotiations, unless the best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) is acceptable.

Traditional negotiating is sometimes called win-lose because of the assumption of a fixed "pie", that one person's gain results in another person's loss. This is not true, however, unless only one issue needs to be resolved, such as a price in a simple sales negotiation.

Getting to YES was published by Roger Fisher and William Ury as part of the Harvard negotiation project. The book's approach, referred to as Principled Negotiation, is also sometimes called mutual gains bargaining. The Mutual Gains Approach has been effectively applied in environmental situations (see Lawrence Susskind and Adil Najam) as well as labor relations where the parties (such as management and a labor union) frame the negotiation as "problem solving". If multiple issues are discussed, differences in the parties' preferences make win-win negotiation possible. For example, in a labor negotiation, the union might prefer job security over wage gains.

If the employers have opposite preferences, a trade is possible that is beneficial to both parties. Such a negotiation is therefore not an adversarial zero-sum game. Principled Negotiation method consists of four main steps: separating the people from the problem, focus on interests, not positions, generating a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do and insisting that the result be based on some objective standard.^[2]

There are a tremendous number of other scholars who have contributed to the field of negotiation, including Holly Schroth and Timothy Dayonot at UC Berkeley, Gerard E. Watzke at Tulane University, Sara Cobb at George Mason University, Len Riskin at the University of Missouri, Howard Raiffa at Harvard, Robert McKersie and Lawrence Susskind at MIT, and Adil Najam and Jeswald Salacuse at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.^{[citation needed]}and John D. Males.

Other negotiation styles[link]

Shell identified five styles/responses to negotiation.^[3] Individuals can often have strong dispositions towards numerous styles; the style used during a negotiation depends on the context and the interests of the other party, among other factors. In addition, styles can change over time.

1. Accommodating: Individuals who enjoy solving the other party’s problems and preserving personal relationships. Accommodators are sensitive to the emotional states, body language, and verbal signals of the other parties. They can, however, feel taken advantage of in situations when the other party places little emphasis on the relationship.
2. Avoiding: Individuals who do not like to negotiate and don’t do it unless warranted. When negotiating, avoiders tend to defer and dodge the confrontational aspects of negotiating; however, they may be perceived as tactful and diplomatic.
3. Collaborating: Individuals who enjoy negotiations that involve solving tough problems in creative ways. Collaborators are good at using negotiations to understand the concerns and interests of the other parties. They can, however, create problems by transforming simple situations into more complex ones.
4. Competing: Individuals who enjoy negotiations because they present an opportunity to win something. Competitive negotiators have strong instincts for all aspects of negotiating and are often strategic. Because their style can dominate the bargaining process, competitive negotiators often neglect the importance of relationships.
5. Compromising: Individuals who are eager to close the deal by doing what is fair and equal for all parties involved in the negotiation. Compromisers can be useful when there is limited time to complete the deal; however, compromisers often unnecessarily rush the negotiation process and make concessions too quickly.

Adversary or Partner?[link]

Clearly, these two basically different ways of negotiating will require different approaches. To ignore this can be devastating for the result, but it all too often happens. Because in the distributive approach each negotiator is battling for the largest possible piece of the pie, it may be quite appropriate - within certain limits - to regard the other side more as an adversary than a partner and to take a somewhat harder line. This would however be less appropriate if the idea were to hammer out an arrangement that is in the best interest of both sides. If both win, it's only of secondary importance which one has the greater advantage. A good agreement is not one with maximum gain, but optimum gain. This does not by any means suggest that we should give up our own advantage for nothing. But a cooperative attitude will regularly pay dividends. What is gained is not at the expense of the other, but with him.^[4]

Bad faith negotiation[link]

Bad faith is a concept in negotiation theory whereby parties pretend to reason to reach settlement, but have no intention to do so, for example, one political party may pretend to negotiate, with no intention to compromise, for political effect.^[5][6]

Inherent bad faith model in international relations and political psychology[link]

Bad faith in political science and political psychology refers to negotiating strategies in which there is no real intention to reach compromise, or a model of information processing.^[7] The "inherent bad faith model" of information processing is a theory in political psychology that was first put forth by Ole Holsti to explain the relationship between John Foster Dulles’ beliefs and his model of information processing.^[8] It is the most widely studied model of one's opponent.^[9] A state is presumed to be implacably hostile, and contra-indicators of this are ignored. They are dismissed as propaganda ploys or signs of weakness. Examples are John Foster Dulles’ position regarding the Soviet Union, or Hamas's position on the state of Israel.^{[10][neutrality is disputed]}

Emotion in negotiation[link]

Emotions play an important part in the negotiation process, although it is only in recent years that their effect is being studied. Emotions have the potential to play either a positive or negative role in negotiation. During negotiations, the decision as to whether or not to settle, rests in part on emotional factors. Negative emotions can cause intense and even irrational behavior, and can cause conflicts to escalate and negotiations to break down, but may be instrumental in attaining concessions. On the other hand, positive emotions often facilitate reaching an agreement and help to maximize joint gains, but can also be instrumental in attaining concessions. Positive and negative discrete emotions can be strategically displayed to influence task and relational outcomes ^[11] and may play out differently across cultural boundaries.^[12]

Affect effect[link]

Dispositional affects affect the various stages of the negotiation process: which strategies are planned to be used, which strategies are actually chosen,^[13] the way the other party and his or her intentions are perceived,^[14] their willingness to reach an agreement and the final negotiated outcomes.^[15] Positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) of one or more of the negotiating sides can lead to very different outcomes.

Positive affect in negotiation[link]

Even before the negotiation process starts, people in a positive mood have more confidence,^[16] and higher tendencies to plan to use a cooperative strategy.^[13] During the negotiation, negotiators who are in a positive mood tend to enjoy the interaction more, show less contentious behavior, use less aggressive tactics^[17] and more cooperative strategies.^[13] This in turn increases the likelihood that parties will reach their instrumental goals, and enhance the ability to find integrative gains.^[18] Indeed, compared with negotiators with negative or natural affectivity, negotiators with positive affectivity reached more agreements and tended to honor those agreements more.^[13] Those favorable outcomes are due to better decision making processes, such as flexible thinking, creative problem solving, respect for others' perspectives, willingness to take risks and higher confidence.^[19] Post negotiation positive affect has beneficial consequences as well. It increases satisfaction with achieved outcome and influences one's desire for future interactions.^[19] The PA aroused by reaching an agreement facilitates the dyadic relationship, which result in affective commitment that sets the stage for subsequent interactions.^[19]
PA also has its drawbacks: it distorts perception of self performance, such that performance is judged to be relatively better than it actually is.^[16] Thus, studies involving self reports on achieved outcomes might be biased.

Negative affect in negotiation[link]

Negative affect has detrimental effects on various stages in the negotiation process. Although various negative emotions affect negotiation outcomes, by far the most researched is anger. Angry negotiators plan to use more competitive strategies and to cooperate less, even before the negotiation starts.^[13] These competitive strategies are related to reduced joint outcomes. During negotiations, anger disrupts the process by reducing the level of trust, clouding parties' judgment, narrowing parties' focus of attention and changing their central goal from reaching agreement to retaliating against the other side.^[17] Angry negotiators pay less attention to opponent’s interests and are less accurate in judging their interests, thus achieve lower joint gains.^[20] Moreover, because anger makes negotiators more self-centered in their preferences, it increases the likelihood that they will reject profitable offers.^[17] Opponents who really get angry (or cry, or otherwise lose control) are more likely to make errors:make sure they are in your favor.^[1] Anger does not help in achieving negotiation goals either: it reduces joint gains^[13] and does not help to boost personal gains, as angry negotiators do not succeed in claiming more for themselves.^[20] Moreover, negative emotions lead to acceptance of settlements that are not in the positive utility function but rather have a negative utility.^[21] However, expression of negative emotions during negotiation can sometimes be beneficial: legitimately expressed anger can be an effective way to show one's commitment, sincerity, and needs.^[17] Moreover, although NA reduces gains in integrative tasks, it is a better strategy than PA in distributive tasks (such as zero-sum).^[19] In his work on negative affect arousal and white noise, Seidner found support for the existence of a negative affect arousal mechanism through observations regarding the devaluation of speakers from other ethnic origins." Negotiation may be negatively affected, in turn, by submerged hostility toward an ethnic or gender group.^[22]

Conditions for emotion affect in negotiation[link]

Research indicates that negotiator’s emotions do not necessarily affect the negotiation process. Albarracın et al. (2003) suggested that there are two conditions for emotional affect, both related to the ability (presence of environmental or cognitive disturbances) and the motivation:

1. Identification of the affect: requires high motivation, high ability or both.
2. Determination that the affect is relevant and important for the judgment: requires that either the motivation, the ability or both are low.

According to this model, emotions are expected to affect negotiations only when one is high and the other is low. When both ability and motivation are low the affect will not be identified, and when both are high the affect will be identify but discounted as irrelevant for judgment.^[23] A possible implication of this model is, for example, that the positive effects PA has on negotiations (as described above) will be seen only when either motivation or ability are low.

The effect of the partner’s emotions[link]

Most studies on emotion in negotiations focus on the effect of the negotiator’s own emotions on the process. However, what the other party feels might be just as important, as group emotions are known to affect processes both at the group and the personal levels. When it comes to negotiations, trust in the other party is a necessary condition for its emotion to affect,^[14] and visibility enhances the effect.^[18] Emotions contribute to negotiation processes by signaling what one feels and thinks and can thus prevent the other party from engaging in destructive behaviors and to indicate what steps should be taken next: PA signals to keep in the same way, while NA points that mental or behavioral adjustments are needed.^[19]
Partner’s emotions can have two basic effects on negotiator’s emotions and behavior: mimetic/ reciprocal or complementary.^[15] For example, disappointment or sadness might lead to compassion and more cooperation.^[19] In a study by Butt et al. (2005) which simulated real multi-phase negotiation, most people reacted to the partner’s emotions in reciprocal, rather than complementary, manner. Specific emotions were found to have different effects on the opponent’s feelings and strategies chosen:

• Anger caused the opponents to place lower demands and to concede more in a zero-sum negotiation, but also to evaluate the negotiation less favorably.^[24] It provoked both dominating and yielding behaviors of the opponent.^[15]
• Pride led to more integrative and compromise strategies by the partner.^[15]
• Guilt or regret expressed by the negotiator led to better impression of him by the opponent, however it also led the opponent to place higher demands.^[14] On the other hand, personal guilt was related to more satisfaction with what one achieved.^[19]
• Worry or disappointment left bad impression on the opponent, but led to relatively lower demands by the opponent.^[14]

Problems with lab negotiation studies[link]

Negotiation is a rather complex interaction. Capturing all its complexity is a very difficult task, let alone isolating and controlling only certain aspects of it. For this reason most negotiation studies are done under laboratory conditions, and focus only on some aspects. Although lab studies have their advantages, they do have major drawbacks when studying emotions:

• Emotions in lab studies are usually manipulated and are therefore relatively ‘cold’ (not intense). Although those ‘cold’ emotions might be enough to show effects, they are qualitatively different from the ‘hot’ emotions often experienced during negotiations.^[25]
• In real life there is self-selection to which negotiation one gets into, which effects the emotional commitment, motivation and interests. However this is not the case in lab studies.^[19]
• Lab studies tend to focus on relatively few well defined emotions. Real life scenarios provoke a much wider scale of emotions.^[19]
• Coding the emotions has a double catch: if done by a third side, some emotions might not be detected as the negotiator sublimates them for strategic reasons. Self report measures might overcome this, but they are usually filled only before or after the process, and if filled during the process might interfere with it.^[19]

Team negotiations[link]

Due to globalization and growing business trends, negotiation in the form of teams is becoming widely adopted. Teams can effectively collaborate to break down a complex negotiation. There is more knowledge and wisdom dispersed in a team than in a single mind. Writing, listening, and talking, are specific roles team members must satisfy. The capacity base of a team reduces the amount of blunder, and increases familiarity in a negotiation.^[26]

Barriers to negotiations[link]

• Die hard bargainers.
• Lack of trust.
• Informational vacuums and negotiator's dilemma.
• Structural impediments.
• Spoilers.
• Cultural and gender differences.
• Communication problems.
• The power of dialogue.

^[27]

Negotiation Tactics[link]

Tactics are always an important part of the negotiating process. But tactics don't often jump up and down shouting "Here I am, look at me." If they did, the other side would see right through them and they would not be effective. More often than not they are subtle, difficult to identify and used for multiple purposes.

• Atom Bomb / Armageddon
• Back Burner
• Brinkmanship
• Building Block Technique
• Defense in Depth
• Divide and Rule
• Dunce
• Flinch
• Good Guy / Bad Guy

See also[link]

Notes[link]

References and further reading[link]

Jack Wilshere

Wilshere playing for Arsenal in 2009
Personal information
Full name	Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere[1]
Date of birth	(1992-01-01) 1 January 1992 (age 20)
Place of birth	Stevenage, England
Height	1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)[2]
Playing position	Midfielder
Club information
Current club	Arsenal
Number	19
Youth career
2001	Luton Town
2001–2008	Arsenal
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2008–	Arsenal	37	(1)
2009–2010	→ Bolton Wanderers (loan)	14	(1)
National team‡
2006–2007	England U16	2	(0)
2007–2009	England U17	9	(1)
2009–2012	England U19	1	(0)
2009–	England U21	7	(0)
2010–	England	5	(0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 10:03, 23 May 2011 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 18:10, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere (born 1 January 1992) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Arsenal and the England national team.

Wilshere came up through Arsenal's youth academy and impressed from an early age. He made his first team debut in 2008, at the age of 16, and was Arsenal's youngest ever league debutant. In his short career thus far Wilshere has earned a number of accolades including the PFA Young Player of the Year, PFA Team of the Year, and Arsenal's Player of the Season as voted on by the fans for his performances in his first full campaign for Arsenal during the 2010–11 season.

Early life[link]

Wilshere was born in Stevenage, Hertfordshire and currently lives in Hitchin, where he grew up, attending Whitehill Junior School and The Priory School.^[3] He captained The Priory School Football team to County Cup and District Cup glory from Year 7 through to Year 10, and also added the Under 15s National Cup to his list in Year 8, playing alongside Leyton Orient's Jake Argent-Martin and Jack Reeves.

Club career[link]

Youth and Reserves[link]

Wilshere joined the Arsenal Academy in October 2001 at the age of nine, after a short spell in the Luton Town youth programme.^[4][5] He rose through the ranks, and at the age of 15 was named the captain of the under-16s; he also made a few appearances for the Under-18s. In the summer of 2007 Wilshere featured in the Champions Youth Cup and upon his return to England, Arsenal Academy coach Steve Bould gave him a start for the Under-18s first game against the Chelsea Under-18 team.^[6] He scored his first goal against Aston Villa Under-18s in a 4–1 win.^[7] He then scored a hat-trick against Watford Under-18s, helping his side to an Academy Group A title.^[8] He finished his first full season with the Under-18s with 13 goals in 18 appearances, most of which coming at age 15.^[9]

In February 2008, he made his debut for Arsenal Reserves aged 16 against Reading, and scored Arsenal's only goal of the match, which ended in a draw.^[10] He scored a memorable goal against West Ham reserves in March, picking the ball up and curling a shot into the top left corner under the watching eye of Arsène Wenger.^[11] He managed to record 2 goals and 2 assists in just 3 appearances for the reserves at the end of the 2007–08 season. He played in the Under-16s victory in the Atalanta Cup, being named as player of the tournament.^[12] He played an important role in Arsenal's 2009 FA Youth Cup win, scoring goals in the semi final^[13] and producing a man-of-the-match display in the first leg of the final against Liverpool, assisting two goals and scoring himself.^[14]

Wilshere warming up before a game against West Bromwich Albion

2008–09 season[link]

In July 2008, Wilshere was selected in the first team for the pre-season friendlies. He made his first team debut against Barnet as a half-time substitute for Henri Lansbury, setting up a goal for Jay Simpson.^[15] Wilshere scored his first two goals for Arsenal in a 10–2 win against a Burgenland XI, and again two days later in a friendly against Stuttgart.

Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger gave Wilshere a place in Arsenal's first team squad for the 2008–09 season,^[16] and he was given the number 19 shirt which he has retained to this day.^[17] He made his competitive debut in a Premier League match against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in September 2008, as an 84th-minute substitute for Robin van Persie.^[18] At the age of 16 years and 256 days, he was Arsenal's youngest-ever league debutante, a record previously held by Cesc Fàbregas.^[19] Ten days later, on 23 September, Wilshere scored his first competitive Arsenal goal in a 6–0 victory against Sheffield United in the Football League Cup.^[20] On 25 November 2008, Wilshere came on as a substitute in a UEFA Champions League match against Dynamo Kyiv, becoming the fifth sixteen-year-old to ever play in the Champions League.^[21] In January 2009 Wilshere signed his first professional contract,^[22] extending it in July the same year.^[23]

2009–10 season[link]

In the preparation for the 2009–10 season, Wilshere scored twice and was twice awarded Man of the Match as Arsenal regained the friendly tournament, the Emirates Cup.^[24] On 22 September 2009, he started for Arsenal in their 2–0 Football League Cup win over West Bromwich Albion. In the 37th minute of the match, he was involved in a controversial incident with Jerome Thomas as Thomas pushed Wilshere's face and was shown a red card.^[25]

Loan to Bolton Wanderers[link]

On 29 January 2010, Wilshere joined Premier League side Bolton Wanderers on loan until the end of the 2009–10 season.^[26] He made his first league start in the away game at Manchester City on 9 February, and scored his first Bolton goal, his first in the Premier League, on 6 March 2010 in the 2–1 victory at West Ham United.^[27] He impressed at Bolton and they tried, unsuccessfully, to sign him on loan for another season.^[28]

2010–11 season[link]

The 2010–11 football season was a year of breakthrough for Wilshere. On 15 August 2010, he made his first start in the Premier League for Arsenal against Liverpool at Anfield.^[29] He followed that up with another start the next weekend against Blackpool contributing with an assist. On 15 September, Wilshere started his first Champions League game of the season providing an assist.^[30] Wilshere was named Arsenal's Player of The Month for September 2010.^[31] On 16 October, Wilshere received his first straight red card in first-team football in a Premier League match against Birmingham City for a challenge on Nikola Žigić.^[32] On 19 October, Wilshere scored his first Champions League goal with a chip over Andriy Pyatov at the Emirates Stadium for Arsenal in a 5–1 thrashing of Shakhtar Donetsk in the group stage.^[33] On 1 November, it was announced that Wilshere had signed a new long-term contract.^[34] On 27 November, Wilshere scored his first Premier League goal for Arsenal in a 4–2 win at Aston Villa. Wilshere was praised for his highly influential display against Barcelona in Arsenal's 2–1 victory, he completed 93.5% of his passes overall and 91% of his passes in the final third of the pitch.^[35][36] Manager Arsene Wenger described his performance as "outstanding".^[37] In April 2011, Wilshere won the PFA Young Player of the Year award, and was also named in the PFA Team of the Year for the 2010–11 season, along with Arsenal team-mates Samir Nasri and Bacary Sagna.^[38] In his breakthrough season he was also voted Arsenal's Player of the Season, ahead of the likes of Fàbregas, van Persie and Nasri.^[39]

2011–12 season[link]

During the summer leading into the 2011-12 season, Wilshere suffered a stress fracture ankle injury during a pre-season friendly. The injury proved a persistent problem throughout Arsenal's pre-season and on 26 September, Wilshere underwent successful surgery, and was to be ruled out for four to five months. However, on 27 January, he suffered a recurrence of the ankle injury^[40], and in April 2012, he was ruled out for the remainder of the Premier League season, as well as England's UEFA Euro 2012 campaign.^[41]

Style of play[link]

Wilshere is a player known for his movement, vision, passing and combination play.^[42][43][44] More recently, Owen Coyle, manager of Bolton during Wilshere's loan spell, praised his ability to "tackle and take a knock", despite his lack of height. He has been compared to Paul Gascoigne for his attributes as an all-round midfielder.^{[by whom?]} However, Arsenal head of youth development Liam Brady noted that Wilshere had problems with his temper early on in his career.^[45]

Wilshere has been used in a number of positions, including attacking midfielder, winger, and most recently deep-lying central midfielder, where he has played in all but one of Arsenal's matches during the 2010–11 season. In Wenger's words: 'He's a box-to-box player, more than just a holding midfielder.^[46]

International career[link]

Wilshere and Bobby Zamora making their debuts for England against Hungary, 11 August 2010.

Since 2006, the England national football team have decided to play Wilshere in an age group above his age. Wilshere was just 14 when he played for the England national under-16 football team at the Victory Shield in 2006. At the age of 15, he began playing for the England national under-17 football team. He was then named in the squad for the 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship in May, starting the first two games, particularly impressing in the 2nd game against Germany before going off with an injury which kept him out of the final game.^[47][48] After the tournament, he was named among the 10 future stars from the tournament.^[49]

He has also been praised by former England manager Fabio Capello, who indicated there was a chance that he would include the young midfielder in his 2010 FIFA World Cup squad,^[50] though this did not happen. He also came on as substitute for his England U-21 debut against the Netherlands.^[51]

On 7 August 2010, Wilshere was called up to the Senior squad for the first time for their friendly against Hungary on 11 August.^[52] He made his England debut on 11 August 2010, coming on as a 83rd minute substitute for Steven Gerrard against Hungary.^[53] This made him the 10th youngest player ever to play for the English national team.^[54]

On 9 February 2011 he made his full England debut when he started in a friendly against Denmark. He impressed despite playing in an unfamiliar role just in front of the defence and was praised by Fabio Capello.^[55]

Career statistics[link]

Club[link]

As of 22 May 2011.^[56]

National team[link]

National team Club Year Apps Goals Assists England Arsenal 2010 1 0 0 2011 4 0 1 Total 5 0 1 Personal life[link] Wilshere was arrested in the early hours of the morning on 29 August 2010 in connection with a "fracas".[57] However, it appeared Wilshere played the role of peacemaker and so did not face charges but received a caution.[58] In March 2011, Wilshere received a police warning for spitting on a taxi driver, who happened to be wearing a hat of Arsenal's rivals Tottenham, after the driver refused to drive him home because he was too drunk.[59] On 29 September 2011, Wilshere's girlfriend Lauren Neal gave birth to their son, Archie Jack Wilshere.[60] Wilshere appeared on the UK and Ireland cover of FIFA 12 alongside Wayne Rooney.[61] In November 2011, Jack Wilshere became an ambassador for St John Ambulance.[62] Honours[link] Arsenal[link] Winner: Premier Academy League: 2008–09 FA Youth Cup: 2008–09 International[link] Winner: Victory Shield: 2006, 2007 Individual[link] PFA Young Player of the Year: 2010–11 PFA Team of the Year: 2010–11 Arsenal Player of the Season (2010–11) References[link] ^ "Jack Wilshere on Twitter". Twitter. 16 December 2010. http://twitter.com/jack_wilshere/status/15523573263245313. Retrieved 20 December 2010.  ^ http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/jack-wilshere ^ Wyett, Charlie (13 November 2008). "Hero Jack still has time for his pals". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article1923691.ece. Retrieved 3 August 2009.  ^ "Sowing the seeds". The Football League. 26 November 2008. http://www.football-league.co.uk/latestnews/sowing-the-seeds-20081126_2245681_1467413.  ^ "The next Gazza? Why 16-year-old Jack is the talk of football". The Independent (London). 13 November 2008. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-next-gazza-why-16yearold-jack-is-the-talk-of-football-1015358.html.  ^ "Academy League: Arsenal 3–1 Chelsea". Arsenal F.C.. 20 August 2007. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2872671/youth/arsenal-yth-v-chelsea-yth?tab=report. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Academy: Arsenal 4–1 Aston Villa". Arsenal F.C.. 3 September 2007. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2873097/youth/arsenal-yth-v-aston-villa-yth?tab=report. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Academy: Watford 1–7 Arsenal — Report". Arsenal F.C.. 18 September 2007. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2895330/youth/watford-yth-v-arsenal-yth?tab=report. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Reserves and Youth Statistics— Report". Arsenal F.C.. 1 May 2008. http://www.arsenal.com/reserves-youth/statistics?season=2007-2008. Retrieved 25 February 2011.  ^ "Match Report". Arsenal F.C.. 21 February 2008. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2952284/reserves/reading-res-v-arsenal-res?tab=report. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Reserves: Arsenal 2–0 West Ham — Report". Arsenal F.C.. 21 April 2008. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/2982145/reserves/arsenal-res-v-west-ham-res?tab=report. Retrieved 25 February 2011.  ^ "Arsenal Under 16’s Beat Juventus To Win Atalanta Cup". Young Guns. 5 May 2008. http://youngguns.wordpress.com/2008/05/05/arsenal-under-16s-beat-juventus-to-win-atalanta-cup/. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Youth Cup: Arsenal 4–1 Man City — Report | Fixtures & Reports | Fixtures". Arsenal F.C.. 22 April 2009. http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/0809/post/reserves/youth-cup-arsenal-4-1-man-city-report?tab=report. Retrieved 3 August 2009.  ^ Lawrence, Amy (23 May 2009). "FA Youth Cup final, first leg: Jack Wilshere orchestrates young Gunners' thrashing of Liverpool". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/may/23/arsenal-liverpool-fa-youth-cup. Retrieved 3 August 2009.  ^ "Match Report". Arsenal F.C.. 19 July 2008. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080730030655/http://www.arsenal.com/matchreport.asp?thisNav=&fxid=338312&cpid=708&clid=4421. Retrieved 5 August 2008.  ^ "Wilshere named in Arsenal's first-team squad". Arsenal F.C.. 3 August 2008. http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=News&article=494828&lid=Homepage+-+Reserves+News&Title=Wilshere+named+in+Arsenal%27s+first-team+squad. Retrieved 5 August 2008. [dead link] ^ "19. Jack Wilshere". Arsenal F.C.. http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/jack-wilshere. Retrieved 1 November 2010.  ^ Lyon, Sam (13 September 2008). "Blackburn 0–4 Arsenal". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/7601879.stm. Retrieved 17 August 2009.  ^ Castles, Duncan (14 September 2008). "Walcott sets up another rout". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/sep/14/blackburn.arsenal. Retrieved 14 September 2008.  ^ "Arsenal 6–0 Sheffield United Match Report". Arsenal F.C.. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/3060510/first-team/arsenal-v-sheff-utd?tab=report. Retrieved 23 September 2008.  ^ "Minute-by-minute". UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/fixturesresults/round=15276/match=302773/report=mbm.html. Retrieved 12 December 2008.  ^ "Arsenal's Wilshere signs pro deal". BBC Sport. 5 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/7812069.stm. Retrieved 9 January 2009.  ^ "Wilshere extends Arsenal contract". BBC Sport. 2 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/8131569.stm. Retrieved 3 August 2009.  ^ "Arsenal teenager Jack Wilshere impresses in pre-season play". Peoplestar.co.uk. 3 August 2009. http://www.peoplestar.co.uk/index.html?watch=66.  ^ "Arsenal star Jack Wilshere in red card storm". Daily Mirror. 22 September 2009. http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Arsenal-star-Jack-Wilshere-in-red-card-storm-article168503.html. Retrieved 2009-22-23.  ^ "Jack Wilshere joins Bolton Wanders on loan". Arsenal F.C.. 29 January 2010. http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/jack-wilshere-joins-bolton-wanderers-on-loan.  ^ Cox, Gerry (7 March 2010). "West Ham United 1 Bolton Wanderers 2: match report". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/westham/7384984/West-Ham-United-1-Bolton-Wanderers-2-match-report.html. Retrieved 5 May 2010. [dead link] ^ "Coyle admits Wilshere defeat". Sky Sports. 5 August 2010. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12876_6296186,00.html. Retrieved 1 November 2010.  ^ Clarke, Richard (16 August 2010). "Liverpool 1–1 Arsenal". Arsenal F.C.. http://www.arsenal.com/match-menu/3293494/first-team/liverpool-v-arsenal?tab=report. Retrieved 16 August 2010.  ^ Wallace, Sam (16 September 2010). "Wilshere comes of age for rampant Arsenal but tougher tasks await". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/wilshere-comes-of-age-for-rampant-arsenal-but-tougher-tasks-await-2080550.html. Retrieved 11 April 2011.  ^ "Wilshere – It was a great month for me". Arsenal F.C. 11 October 2010. http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/wilshere-is-ea-sports-player-of-the-month. Retrieved 11 October 2010.  ^ Sheringham, Sam (16 October 2010). "Arsenal 2–1 Birmingham". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/9085759.stm. Retrieved 16 October 2010.  ^ Williamson, Laura (21 October 2010). "Arsenal 5 Shakhtar Donetsk 1: Cesc Fabregas's return inspires super display from the Gunners". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1321980/Arsenal-5-Shakhtar-Donetsk-1-Cesc-Fabregass-return-inspires-super-display-Gunners.html. Retrieved 11 April 2011.  ^ "Midfielder Jack Wilshere signs new Arsenal contract". BBC Sport. 1 November 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/9146582.stm.  ^ "Jack Wilshere's dazzling display against Barcelona offers Arsenal and England genuine hope for the future". The Telegraph (London). 17 February 2011. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/sport/robkelly/100015329/jack-wilsheres-dazzling-display-against-barcelona-offers-arsenal-and-england-genuine-hope-for-the-future/.  ^ Wilson, Steve (17 February 2011). "Jack Wilshere’s radar on par with Barcelona greats". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/arsenal/8330408/Jack-Wilsheres-radar-on-par-with-Barcelona-greats-as-Arsenal-refuse-to-be-passed-into-submission.html.  ^ "Jack Wilshere's stunning display". Canadian Press. 17 February 2011. http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5irude28UfSTD-r_scJs8gqpZK14g?docId=5977281.  ^ "Gareth Bale & Samir Nasri lead PFA nominations". BBC Sport. 8 April 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/13012491.stm. Retrieved 11 April 2011.  ^ "Jack Wilshere player of the season". Arsenal.com. 28 May 2011. http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/player-of-the-season-and-the-winner-is.... Retrieved 11 April 2011.  ^ "Wilshere has successful surgery on ankle". Arsenal FC. 26 September 2011. http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/wilshere-has-successful-surgery-on-ankle. Retrieved 3 November 2011.  ^ "Jack Wilshere ruled out of Euro 2012 by ankle injury". BBC Sport. 16 April 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17737391.  ^ Emirates experience leaves me jealous, BBC Sport. Retrieved 19 September 2010. ^ Comment: Forget Joe Cole – In Jack Wilshere, Arsenal Have England's Finest Young Talent, Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 19 September 2010. ^ The team showed desire, energy and quality, Arsenal F.C.. Retrieved 19 September 2010. ^ Ornstein, David (1 October 2010). "Jack Wilshere ready to shine for Arsenal and England". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/a/arsenal/9043465.stm. Retrieved 18 October 2010.  ^ Speck, Ivan (20 October 2010). "Wenger lauds Wilshere matuirty". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1322021/Arsenal-boss-Arsene-Wenger-lauds-Jack-Wilsheres-maturity-midfielder-stars-Euro-rout.html. Retrieved 28 May 2011.  ^ "Pezzaiuli: We could have won by more". UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/competitions/under17/news/kind=1/newsid=827309.html. Retrieved 11 September 2009. [dead link] ^ "Euro U17 Championships: Germany 4–0 England". Daily Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/match-reports/2009/05/11/young-lions-mauled-115875-21348945/. Retrieved 3 August 2009.  ^ "Ten future stars from 2009 finals". UEFA. http://www.uefa.com/under17/news/newsid=830804.html. Retrieved 14 May 2010.  ^ Bremner, Charles. "Jack Wilshere: a prodigious talent". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/premier_league/arsenal/article6788610.ece/. Retrieved 3 August 2009. [dead link] ^ "New-look Under-21s draw comfort in Holland". The Football Association. http://www.thefa.com/England/MensUnder-21Team/MatchCentre/2009/England%20v%20Holland/HollandvEngland_report.aspx. Retrieved 11 September 2009. [dead link] ^ "Capello calls up Wilshere, Gibbs and Zamora for England". BBC Sport. 7 August 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8894651.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2010.  ^ "Gerrard brace saves England blushes". ESPNsoccernet. 11 August 2010. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=292673&cc=5739&league=FIFA.FRIENDLY. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  ^ "Gibbs and Wilshere make senior England debuts". Arsenal F.C.. 11 August 2010. http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/wilshere-makes-senior-england-debut. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  ^ "Fabio Capello hails Jack Wilshere after England win over Denmark". Metro. 11 August 2010. http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/855097-fabio-capello-hails-jack-wilshere-after-england-win-over-denmark. Retrieved 9 February 2011.  ^ "Jack Wilshere Bio, Stats, News". ESPNsoccernet. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=122089&cc=5739. Retrieved 30 October 2008.  ^ "Arsenal player Jack Wilshere arrested after 'fracas'". BBC. 29 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11126887. Retrieved 3 November 2011.  ^ "Wilshere receives caution". Sky Sports. 19 November 2010. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11661_6516175,00.html. Retrieved 3 November 2011.  ^ http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/20032011/58/premier-league-wilshere-spat-spurs-fan-cabbie.html ^ Littlejohn, Georgina (30 September 2011). "Proudest day of my life! Arsenal's Jack Wilshere Tweets touching photo with his newborn baby boy hours after the birth". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2043430/Arsenals-Jack-Wilshere-Tweets-paternal-joy-girlfriend-Lauren-gives-birth-baby-boy.html#ixzz1ZPZ4ILKP.  ^ "FIFA 12 cover revealed with Rooney and Wilshire as stars". T3. 8 September 2011. http://www.t3.com/news/fifa-12-cover-revealed-with-rooney-and-wilshire-as-stars. Retrieved 3 November 2011.  ^ "Arsenal star Jack Wilshere becomes St John Ambulance ambassador". The Mirror. 1 November 2011. http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/11/01/arsenal-star-jack-wilshere-becomes-st-john-ambulance-ambassador-115875-23529926/. Retrieved 3 November 2011.  External links[link] Jack Wilshere profile at Arsenal.com Jack Wilshere career stats at Soccerbase ESPNsoccernet profile   Awards v t e PFA Young Player of the Year 1974: Beattie 1975: Day 1976: Barnes 1977: Gray 1978: Woodcock 1979: Regis 1980: Hoddle 1981: Shaw 1982: Moran 1983: Rush 1984: Walsh 1985: Hughes 1986: Cottee 1987: Adams 1988: Gascoigne 1989: Merson 1990: Le Tissier 1991: Sharpe 1992: Giggs 1993: Giggs 1994: Cole 1995: Fowler 1996: Fowler 1997: Beckham 1998: Owen 1999: Anelka 2000: Kewell 2001: Gerrard 2002: Bellamy 2003: Jenas 2004: Parker 2005: Rooney 2006: Rooney 2007: C. Ronaldo 2008: Fàbregas 2009: Young 2010: Milner 2011: Wilshere 2012: Walker v t e 2010–11 Premier League PFA Team of the Year GK: Edwin van der Sar DF: Bacary Sagna DF: Nemanja Vidić DF: Vincent Kompany DF: Ashley Cole MF: Nani MF: Samir Nasri MF: Jack Wilshere MF: Gareth Bale FW: Carlos Tévez FW: Dimitar Berbatov v t e Arsenal F.C. Player of the Year 2006: Henry 2007: Fabregas 2008: Fabregas 2009: van Persie 2010: Fabregas 2011: Wilshere v t e England squad – 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship 1 Steer 2 Hurst 3 Garbutt 4 Gardner 5 Laing 6 Parkes 7 Shelvey 8 Bostock 9 Baxter 10 Wilshere 11 Afobe 12 Freeman 13 Johnstone 14 Tunnicliffe 15 Oshodi 16 Elford-Alliyu 17 Walcott 18 Habergham Coach: Peacock v t e Arsenal F.C. – current squad 2 Diaby 3 Sagna 4 Mertesacker 5 Vermaelen 6 Koscielny 7 Rosický 8 Arteta 9 J.Y. Park 10 v. Persie (c) 11 A. Santos 13 Szczęsny 14 Walcott 15 Oxlade-Chamberlain 16 Ramsey 17 Song 18 Squillaci 19 Wilshere 20 Djourou 21 Fabiański 23 Arshavin 24 Mannone 25 Jenkinson 26 Frimpong 27 Gervinho 28 Gibbs 29 Chamakh 31 Miyaichi 33 Afobe 34 Aneke 35 Ansah 37 Boateng 39 Coquelin 40 Eastmond 43 Hajrović 44 Henderson 46 Lansbury 48 Meade 49 Miquel 51 Neita 52 Bendtner 53 Özyakup 55 Watt 56 Yennaris 57 Angha 58 Ebecilio 59 Martinez 60 Monteiro 61 Rees 62 Shea Manager: Wenger Persondata Name Wilshere, Jack Andrew Garry Alternative names Short description Footballer Date of birth 1992-01-01 Place of birth Stevenage, England Date of death Place of death

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David Bazan
David Bazan in Örebro, Sweden on February 9, 2008.
Background information
Born	(1976-01-22) 22 January 1976 (age 36)
Genres	indie rock
Occupations	singer-songwriter
Years active	1995–present
Labels	Barsuk Records, Jade Tree, Suicide Squeeze, Tooth and Nail
Associated acts	Pedro The Lion, Headphones
Website	http://davidbazan.com, http://pedrothelion.org

David Bazan (born January 22, 1976) is an indie rock singer-songwriter from Seattle, Washington. Bazan (pronounced "buh-zahn") was the lead singer and creative force behind the band Pedro the Lion and was the lead singer of Headphones. In early 2006, he began performing and recording under his own name.

Collaborations[link]

In the early 90's he played drums in the band The Guilty (later named Coolidge) with fellow songwriter Damien Jurado.^[1] Bazan had attended Shorewood High School with Jurado.

In 2002, he played drums and sang backup vocals for Seldom; in 2004, he played with Starflyer 59. Bazan has made various studio appearances with Seattle-based bands; for instance, In 2004 he sang on the Six Parts Seven remix album Lost Notes From Forgotten Songs, played drums in 1998 on Unwed Sailor's Firecracker EP,^[2] Bazan also contributed to the Rosie Thomas album These Friends of Mine.

In 2005, Bazan collaborated with TW Walsh, Frank Lenz of Starflyer 59 and Nick Peterson (formerly of Fleet Foxes), comprising the band Headphones. Walsh later left the band for personal reasons after a tour on which he handled drum duties. Peterson filled in on drums for the remaining Headphones live shows. The band released one self-titled LP and there were no subsequent plans from Bazan to continue recording under the Headphones moniker.^[3][4]

Bazan was part of The Undertow Orchestra with Mark Eitzel (American Music Club), Will Johnson (Centro-matic, South San Gabriel), Vic Chesnutt, and Scott Danbom (Centro-matic, South San Gabriel). They toured the USA and Europe in 2006.

Bazan is a personal friend of comedian Horatio Sanz,^[5] and performed at Sanz's 2006 Christmas show, The Ho-Ho-Horatio Christmas Special, at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York City.^[6] In 2007 he did a Take-Away Show acoustic video session.^[7]

Bazan has also been involved with Crystal Skulls and Walsh's band The Soft Drugs.

Solo projects[link]

Bazan, 2011

Bazan recorded his first solo project, the EP Fewer Moving Parts, in between touring as a member of The Undertow Orchestra. The EP was released on June 13, 2006. In 2007, he completed a nationwide solo tour featuring Ben Gibbard of Death Cab for Cutie and Johnathan Rice and also contributed a cover of the song "Let Down" to Stereogum's OK X^[8] project, a tribute to the Radiohead album OK Computer.

In September 2008, in an interview with 89.3 The Current , Bazan mentioned that his next album would be played entirely by him and that he would recruit friends to play live when he tours. During his solo tour in September 2008, Bazan debuted six other songs that were on the short list for Curse Your Branches: "Weeds in the Wheat", "Curse Your Branches", "Broken Arm", "In Stitches," and "Harmless Sparks."

Bazan released his first DVD the following month. The DVD contains interviews and intimate live performances filmed in his home studio, on his front porch, and while driving around in his Ford Bronco. It was shot during two weekends in June and July 2008 in Seattle. The DVD, entitled Bazan: Alone at the Microphone, was released October 21, 2008.

In October 2008, Bazan released the album version of "American Flags" on his Facebook and Myspace pages to coincide with the 2008 United States presidential election. The track was made available for purchase on iTunes and other online vendors in November, along with a version of "Please, Baby, Please" recorded for the DVD.^[9]

Beginning in March 2009, Bazan played a series of small, acoustic house shows. The smaller shows allowed him to debut new material and generate income, while still maintaining a low profile per the request of his record label.^[10]

Bazan's full length debut album, Curse Your Branches, was released on September 1, 2009 on Barsuk Records.^[11] His announced his second full length solo album, Strange Negotiations, was released May 24, 2011.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Curse Your Branches (September 1, 2009)
• Strange Negotiations (May 24, 2011)

DVDs[link]

• Bazan: Alone at the Microphone (October 21, 2008)

EPs[link]

• 7 song demo (1994)
• Fewer Moving Parts (June 13, 2006)
• Live at Electrical Audio (March 15, 2010)

Singles[link]

• The Poison Makes, split single b/w Walk Slow by Casey Foubert (January 2003, Bedside Recordings)

500 numbered on black vinyl on Ben Gibbard's short lived label

• Away in a Manger (October 25, 2006, Suicide Squeeze)

B-Side: O Little Town Of Bethlehem

1,000 printed on marbled vinyl

• Jingle Bells (November 4, 2008, Suicide Squeeze)

B-side: All I Want for Christmas

200 printed on white vinyl

400 printed on red vinyl

400 printed on green vinyl

• American Flags 7" Single

B-side: Please Baby Please

• The Man in Me (September 1, 2009, Barsuk Records)

B-side: Hallelujah

• Happy Xmas (War Is Over) (October 6, 2009, Suicide Squeeze)

B-side: Say It Isn't Greensleeves (A Change At Christmas)

200 printed on blue vinyl

400 printed on golden vinyl

400 printed on clear vinyl

• Wish My Kids Were Here (November 9, 2010, Suicide Squeeze)

B-Side: I Heard The Bells On Christmas Day

200 printed on orange vinyl

400 printed on red vinyl

400 printed on yellow vinyl

Compilation appearances[link]

• Hard Times - Bifrost Arts' Come O Spirit (Sounds Familyre 2009)

See also: Pedro the Lion discography, Headphones discography

Notes and references[link]

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (February 2010)

• Official website
• The Passion of David Bazan (Chicago Reader)
• David Bazan wrestles with tough questions on his solo debutRiverfront Times
• David Bazan Interview on The Nick and Josh Podcast