Native name | Rheinbund (de)États confédérés du Rhin (fr) |
---|---|
Conventional long name | Confederation of the Rhine |
Common name | Confederation of the Rhine |
Continent | Europe |
Region | Germany |
Country | Germany |
Era | Napoleonic Wars |
Empire | First French Empire |
Status | Confederation |
Status text | Confederation of clients of the French Empire |
Today | |
Flag type | Unofficial flag |
Image coat | Imperial Standard of Napoléon I.svg |
Symbol type | Imperial Standard ofNapoleon I |
Image map caption | The Confederation of the Rhine in 1812 |
Year start | 1806 |
Year end | 1813 |
Event start | Formation |
Date start | 12 July |
Event1 | Holy Roman Empire dissolved |
Date event1 | 6 August 1806 |
Event end | Collapse |
Date end | 4 November |
P1 | Holy Roman Empire |
Flag p1 | Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg |
S1 | German Confederation |
Image s1 | |
Capital | Frankfurt |
Common languages | Official languages:German, French |
Title leader | Protector (Emperor of the French) |
Leader1 | Napoleon I |
Year leader1 | 1806–13 |
Title deputy | Prince-Primate (Grand Duke of Frankfurt) |
Deputy1 | Karl von Dalberg |
Year deputy1 | 1806–1813 |
Deputy2 | Eugène de Beauharnais |
Year deputy2 | 1813 }} |
The members of the confederation were German princes (Fürsten) from the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, all together ruling a total of over 15 million subjects providing a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern front.
According to the treaty, the confederation was to be run by common constitutional bodies, but the individual states (in particular the larger ones) wanted unlimited sovereignty.
Instead of a monarchical head of state, as the Holy Roman Emperor had been, its highest office was held by Karl Theodor von Dalberg, the former Arch Chancellor, who now bore the title of a Prince-Primate of the confederation. As such, he was President of the College of Kings and presided over the Diet of the Confederation, designed to be a parliament-like body though it never actually assembled. The President of the Council of the Princes was the Prince of Nassau-Usingen.
The Confederation was above all a military alliance: the members had to supply France with large numbers of military personnel. In return for their cooperation some state rulers were given higher statuses: Baden, Hesse, Cleves, and Berg were made into grand duchies, and Württemberg and Bavaria became kingdoms. States were also made larger by incorporating the many smaller "Kleinstaaten," or small former imperial member states.
After Prussia lost to France in 1806, many medium-sized and small states joined the Rheinbund. It was at its largest in 1808, including four kingdoms, five grand duchies, 13 duchies, seventeen principalities, and the Free Hansa towns of Hamburg, Lübeck, and Bremen.
In 1810 large parts of northwest Germany were quickly incorporated into the Napoleonic Empire in order to better monitor the trade embargo with Great Britain, the Continental System.
The Confederation of the Rhine collapsed in 1813, with the aftermath of Napoleon's failed campaign against the Russian Empire. Many of its members changed sides after the Battle of Leipzig, when it became apparent Napoleon would lose the War of the Sixth Coalition.
Flag | Member monarchy | Year joined | Notes |
Co-founder; former margraviate (8000) | |||
Co-founder; former duchy (30,000) | |||
Former duchy (20,000) | |||
Napoleonic creation (25,000) | |||
Co-founder; former duchy (12,000) | |||
Napoleonic creation (2,000) |
width="3%" class="unsortable" | Flag | Member monarchy | Year joined | Notes |
(700) | ||||
(700) | ||||
(700) | ||||
Co-founder; mediatized 13 December 1810 (4000) | ||||
Co-founder (4000) | ||||
Co-founder (4000) | ||||
Co-founder (4000) | ||||
Co-founder (4000) | ||||
(650) | ||||
(1900) | ||||
align="center" | (400) | |||
Union of 20px|Nassau Usingen Nassau-Usingen and border|20px|Nassau-Weilburg Nassau-Weilburg, both co-founders (4000 each) | ||||
annexed by France 13 December 1810 (800) | ||||
(400) | ||||
(400) | ||||
(400) | ||||
(400) | ||||
Co-founder; annexed by France 13 December 1810 (4000) | ||||
(650) | ||||
(650) | ||||
(650) | ||||
(400) |
On 30 May 1814 the Treaty of Paris declared the German states independent.
In 1815, the Congress of Vienna redrew the continent's political map. In fact, most surviving members had only minor border changes, and the resulting German Confederation consisted more or less of the same members as the Confederation of the Rhine, with the important addition of the two German great powers of Austria and Prussia.
Category:Short-lived states Category:1813 disestablishments Category:Former confederations Category:19th century in Germany Category:States and territories established in 1806 Category:Client states of the Napoleonic Wars
ar:اتحاد الراين bg:Рейнски съюз ca:Confederació del Rin ceb:Kompederasyon sa Rin cs:Rýnský spolek da:Rhinforbundet de:Rheinbund et:Reini Liit es:Confederación del Rin eo:Rejna Federacio fr:Confédération du Rhin gl:Confederación do Rin ko:라인 동맹 id:Konfederasi Rhein it:Confederazione del Reno he:הקונפדרציה של הריין ka:რაინის კავშირი la:Confoederatio Rhenana lt:Reino konfederacija hu:Rajnai Szövetség (1806) ms:Pergabungan Sungai Rhine nl:Rijnbond (1806) ja:ライン同盟 no:Rhinforbundet pl:Związek Reński pt:Confederação do Reno ro:Confederația Rinului ru:Рейнский союз simple:Confederation of the Rhine sk:Rýnsky spolok sr:Рајнска конфедерација fi:Reinin liitto sv:Rhenförbundet ta:ரைன் கூட்டமைப்பு th:สมาพันธรัฐแห่งลุ่มแม่น้ำไรน์ uk:Рейнський союз vi:Liên bang sông Rhine zh:萊茵邦聯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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