Service Employees International Union (SEIU) is a labor union representing about 1.8 million workers in over 100 occupations in the United States (including Puerto Rico), and Canada.[1] SEIU is focused on organizing workers in three sectors: health care (over half of members work in the health care field), including hospital, home care and nursing home workers; public services (local and state government employees); and property services (including janitors, security officers and food service workers).
SEIU is the fastest growing labor union in the United States[2][3] and has over 150 local branches. It is affiliated with the Change to Win Federation and the Canadian Labour Congress. SEIU is based out of Washington, D.C., and has several internal divisions which include: Communications, Government Affairs, New Media, Organizing, Political, Global Strength, Pension/Benefits, Community Strength, Research, and Legal.
The union states that its top priorities are to stand up for working families to help bring economic relief to millions across the country, fix the nation's broken health care system, and fight to guarantee workers' rights on the job. SEIU is sometimes referred to as the "purple ocean" at political events because of the union's recognizable purple shirts. The union is also known for its Justice for Janitors program and strong support for Democratic candidates. It spent $28 million supporting Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election, making it the "organization that spent the most to help Barack Obama get elected president."[4]
The SEIU was founded in 1921 in Chicago as the Building Services Employees Union (BSEU); its first members were janitors, elevator operators, and window washers. Membership increased significantly with a 1934 strike in New York City's Garment District. Growth from organizing new members, and affiliating with other unions, it includes more than 225,000 janitors in at least 29 cities in the United States and at least four cities in Canada, and mergers with other unions resulted in a membership working in industries well beyond BSEIU's initial boundaries. In 1968 it renamed itself Service Employees International Union. In 1980 it absorbed the International Jewelry Workers Union, later the Drug, Hospital, and Health Care Employees Union (Local 1199), and the Health & Human Services Workers.[citation needed][clarification needed]
In 1995, SEIU President John Sweeney was elected president of the AFL-CIO, the confederation of labor unions in the United States and Canada. After Sweeney's departure, former social worker Andrew Stern was elected president of SEIU. In the first ten years of Stern's administration, the union's membership grew rapidly, making SEIU the largest union in the AFL-CIO by 2000.[citation needed]
In 2003, SEIU was a founding member of the New Unity Partnership, an organization of unions that pushed for reforms[specify] at the national level, and a greater commitment to organizing unorganized workers into unions. In 2005, SEIU was a founding member of the Change to Win Coalition, which furthered the reformist agenda, criticizing the AFL-CIO for focusing its attention on electoral politics, instead of taking sufficient action to encourage organizing in the face of decreasing union membership.
In June 2004, SEIU launched a non-union-member affiliate group called Purple Ocean to stand with workers in the fight for economic justice.
On the eve of the 2005 AFL-CIO convention, SEIU, along with its Change to Win partners, the Teamsters union, and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, announced that it was disaffiliating from the AFL-CIO after the 50-year-old labor federation declined to pass the Coalition's suggested reforms.[5] The Change to Win Federation held its founding convention in September 2005, where SEIU Secretary-Treasurer Anna Burger was announced as the organizations' Chair. As with other Change to Win unions, many individual SEIU locals remain affiliated to regional AFL-CIO bodies through "solidarity charters."
- President - Mary Kay Henry
- Secretary-Treasurer - Eliseo Medina
- Executive Vice President - Tom Woodruff
- Executive Vice President - Gerry Hudson
- Executive Vice President - Dave Regan
- Executive Vice President - Mitch Ackerman
- Executive Vice President - Kirk Adams
- Executive Vice President - Eileen Kirlin
In Missouri, 12,000 home care attendants in the Consumer Directed Services program voted to unite in the Missouri Home Care Union, a joint local of AFSCME and SEIU.[6] In Wisconsin, 5,500 home care providers voted 'yes' to unite in SEIU.[7] In a landslide vote, part-time adjunct faculty members in the Maine Community College System formed a union with the Maine State Employees Association, Local 1989 of SEIU. And in New York, 30,000 SEIU Local 32BJ apartment building workers—doormen, security guards, bellhops, and others—averted a strike and won a new contract.[8]
Over the course of the past several years, the union has made a concerted effort to expand outside of its traditional base on the coasts.
Notable health care organizing successes in 2009 include more than 800 healthcare workers at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, the largest medical center in Boston's Caritas Christi Health Care chain, voting to unite together with thousands of health care workers in 1199SEIU. And in July 2009, 13,000 home care attendants in the state's consumer directed home care program voted to join the Missouri Home Care Union, a statewide union of home care attendants.
In 2009, the union launched a nationwide campaign against Sodexo to improve wage and job standards. Clean Up Sodexo serves as the online voice of the workers at Sodexo, many of whom make near poverty-level wages working as food service workers at universities around the country.
Since 2004, the union has seen success organizing workers in Texas, Florida, Nevada, and Arizona in particular. Over 5,000 janitors organized with SEIU in Houston, Texas in 2005, which was especially significant due to the size of the campaign and its location in an area with low union density.[9] In Florida, a high-profile strike at the University of Miami which lasted nine weeks and included a hunger strike, ended with the union winning representation of 425 janitors on campus.[10] This victory was shortly followed by another 600 workers at North Shore Medical Center, also in Miami, voting to join the SEIU in early 2006.[11]
One of the major potential areas of union growth in the United States is organizing workers usually hitherto considered "unorganizable," especially low-wage service sector workers, in what is often called "social movement organizing."[12] Many of these service sector workers are minorities, immigrants, and women.[13]
As an example of this, in 2006 and 2007 Oregon's SEIU Local 503, OPEU (Oregon Public Employees Union) built on its earlier successes in organizing state-paid "long-term care providers", including homecare workers (in-home care providers) and family-child-care providers, by organizing "commercial" adult foster home providers who receive state funding. Commercial providers are licensed to operate foster homes with up to five senior or disabled residents. By forming a union, providers would for the first time be able to collectively bargain a contract with the state over service fees, benefits, regulations, and respect.
In the spring of 2007 the state Employment Relations Board (ERB) verified that a significant majority of the commercial providers across Oregon had signed authorization cards supporting forming a union, and Governor Ted Kulongoski signed an executive order recognizing commercial adult foster care providers as a union, and opening the path to contract bargaining.[14] Following the governor's executive order, the Oregon legislature passed a bill, on June 28, 2007,[15] codifying the executive order and making the adult foster care providers state employees solely for the purpose of collective bargaining. After successfully organizing commercial providers, SEIU 503 continued the campaign and organized "relative" adult foster home providers, who are licensed and paid by the state to provide care for senior or disabled family members.
In November 2007 the Oregon ERB verified that a significant majority of relative providers had signed authorization cards and Governor Kulongoski signed Executive Order No. 07-20 recognizing them as part of the union.[14] With the success of the two stages of this organizing campaign, adult foster care providers were able to form a union for the first time in the United States.[16] In August 2008, the new adult foster care providers in SEIU Local 503 and the State of Oregon completed negotiations on the first adult foster care provider union contract in the US.[17]
More and more SEIU Locals have embraced free social networking and microblogging service Twitter to help get out their message online in 2009 and 2010. The International maintains a Locals Twitter list, which pulls in tweets from every SEIU Local on Twitter.
There is a joint local of SEIU and the New York-based union UNITE HERE called Service Workers United, which represents food service, facilities, and laundry workers.
SEIU's largest local union, 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East has a membership of roughly 300,000 and claims to be the largest local union in the world. It represents workers in various parts of New York state, chiefly in New York City, Syracuse, and Buffalo, with additional members located in and around the Canton-Potsdam and Plattsburgh areas of northern New York, as well as Maryland, Washington, D.C., and Massachusetts.
SEIU United Healthcare Workers West (UHW West) is a large (150,000 member) local union based in Oakland, California. In August 2008, the international union announced plans for a hearing to consider trusteeing UHW West. On January 27, 2009, SEIU placed UHW West under trusteeship and dismissed 70 of the local's executives, including president Sal Rosselli.[18][19] Rosselli and other ousted leaders reformed under the National Union of Healthcare Workers and pushed for UHW West members at 60 facilities to vote to decertify SEIU.[20] As of 2012, NUHW only represents 6 former SEIU-UHW facilities. [21]
SEIU 32BJ is a politically outspoken building services local based in New York. 32BJ represents 120,000 property service workers,[22] and is part of SEIU Justice for Janitors, Stand for Security and Multi Service Workers campaigns.
Recently, SEIU 32BJ's Thomas Shortman Training Fund was awarded a $2.8 million grant[23] by the Department of Labor, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act aiming to create jobs in expanding green industries over the next two years. The program (1,000 Green Supers) will help train 2,200 NYC building superintendents in energy efficiency.
SEIU Local 1000 is affiliated with the California State Employees Association (CSEA) with one other union, the California State University Employees Union, SEIU Local 2579, and two other non-union affiliates of unrepresented managers, confidential and supervisory employees and an affiliate of retired state employees. Yvonne Walker has been president since 2008.[24] It is the exclusive legal representative for 95,000 California state employees. Local 1000 deals with issues of concern to current rank-and-file state employees, such as salaries, benefits, working conditions and contract negotiations. Local 1000 has nine bargaining units and represents a variety of state workers, including DMV employees, prison support staff (excluding uniformed guards), information technology workers, nurses and administrative staff.
Negotiations for a new contract between the state and Local 1000 bogged down in 2005-6.[25][26] On June 12, union members voted to authorize a strike in the event negotiations failed.[27][28][29] This would have been the first strike by state employees in California history.[30] However, a deal was reached on June 17.[31] The new contract was approved by union members in July,[30] and signed into law on September 6.[32]
Local 1000 played a prominent role in opposing Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's response to the budget crisis of 2008-9, much of which focused on cutting public services such as home care and education in order to reduce the deficit.
In September 2011, a small group of members proposed raising the Executives of SEIU 1000 annual salaries by up to 300%. The proposal was not going to be voted on by the regualar membership, but only the executive membership. When news of this proposal made it to the rank-and-file members a huge email campaign started Statewide calling for the resignation of the current leadership. During the Executive meeting in Oakland, CA where the proposal was to be voted upon a last minute decision was made by Yvonne Walker to pull the topic from the agenda with the comment that the pay proposal "would be studied further."[1]
SEIU Healthcare Illinois & Indiana was founded in 2008, when members of three SEIU locals (Local 4, Local 20, Local 880) voted to join and create a single entity across the two states. The organization has 85,000 members SEIU Healthcare Illinois & Indiana.
One of the first SEIU locals was Local 87, a local that can trace its origins back to the 1920s, when it was known as Local 9 of the Building Service Employees International Union (BSEIU). Labor legend George Hardy[33] got his start organizing janitors with Local 9, where he helped quickly grow its membership; improving wages, benefits and working conditions for the janitors who worked in San Francisco's office buildings.[citation needed] Under future leaders such as Herman Eimers, Rex Kennedy, and Robert Parr, members of Local 87 continued to enjoy improved wages, benefits and working conditions.[citation needed] These victories were all won with very few strikes. Unfortunately during the 1990s and the first few years of the 21st Century, workloads in many of San Francisco's high-rise office buildings drastically increased along with a deterioration of working conditions.[citation needed]
The largest local in Canada is SEIU Local 1 Canada. It represents over 50,000 health care and community services workers in Ontario and British Columbia. Its members work in hospitals, home care, nursing and retirement homes and community services.
In November 2009, national news media reported that Nick Balzano, president of SEIU Local 473/395a in Allentown, Pennsylvania threatened to file a grievance against the town for allowing a Boy Scout, Kevin Anderson, to voluntarily clear a walking path for the town. Balzano said that, because several SEIU members had been laid off, "there are to be no volunteers." He continued to state that, "We'll be looking into the Cub Scout or Boy Scout who done the trails." The local mayor as well as U.S. Rep. Charlie Dent, R-15th District, criticized Balzano and called on him to apologize to the city and city residents. Following the backlash, Balzano resigned as head of the local chapter. SEIU members from Allentown, Philadelphia and New Jersey joined the Boy Scouts to help with the project and to make an apology. Wayne MacManiman, SEIU district leader stated "Kevin's doing an amazing thing.…We've always supported the Boy Scouts, whether it's here in Allentown, Bethlehem or Philadelphia."[34]
SEIU's Los Angeles Justice for Janitors campaign was portrayed in the motion picture Bread and Roses.
On the popular long-running television show ER, the service employee Jerry Markovic (played by Abraham Benrubi) often wears an SEIU t-shirt, reflecting SEIU representation of hospital service workers in the United States (approximately 250,000).
SEIU's Popular Media Organizing Program is an initiative to connect popular culture and the labor movement's platform with support from the creative arts. In 2008, SEIU partnered with Manifest Hope: DC, MoveOn PAC and Obey Giant to launch a nationwide online contest to gather the best artwork celebrating the grassroots campaign that helped elect Barack Obama as president. The winning artwork was displayed to DC area residents and millions of people expected to gather in Washington for Barack Obama's inauguration. SEIU has also produced a "Social Justice" calendar featuring the work of Manifest Hope artists in 2009 and 2010.
The non-profit 501c3 Bread and Roses program started by 1199SEIU was founded in 1978 as a cultural resource for union members and students in New York who, for the most part, are not reached by traditional arts institutions and programs. Since that time, the Bread and Roses program has spread widely beyond the New York City area. In 2006, “Unseen America”--a book of photography taken by 1199SEIU members and other workers—was published,[35] with New York’s Guggenheim Museum hosting a party to celebrate Bread and Roses’ “Unseen America” project,[36] which was one of dozens of events held in cities around the U.S.
In January 2011, The National Labor Relations Board issued a report finding that SEIU unlawfully threatened Kaiser Permanente employees with loss of wages and benefits if a rival union won the election and that SEIU had engaged in various acts of physical force and violence against supporters of a rival union.[37]
In April 2010, The National Labor Relations Board regional office in Winston-Salem, North Carolina issued a federal complaint against a local SEIU chapter for maintaining an “annual objection” policy designed to force nursing home workers into full union dues payments against their will.[38]
In June 2003 SEIU was found guilty of violating security workers' rights and ordered to pay back dues and fees to over 400 workers.[39]
In December 2010, SEIU agreed in a settlement to stop trying to prevent workers who do not support its activities from coming to work at Morehouse College dining venues operated by Sodexo. The settlement also forces SEIU to post notice that it will not "restrain or coerce" Sodexo employees.[40] According to Sodexo, SEIU leads a smear campaign to spread misinformation about Sodexo in an attempt to drive out UNITE HERE and other unions that have historically operated within the food service industry.[41]
Sodexo USA filed a civil lawsuit against SEIU under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act on March 17, 2011. In the complaint, Sodexo alleges that SEIU engaged in blackmail, vandalism, trespassing, harassment, and lobbying law violations, referring to the "Clean Up Sodexo" campaign as "old-fashioned, strongarm tactics" and SEIU behavior as "egregious" and "illegal."[42][43] This suit was settled in September 2011; the parties withdrew their respective charges and lawsuits and SEIU terminated its public campaign focused on Sodexo.[44]
During a drive to organize 10,000 healthcare workers in November 2009, SEIU was accused of ballot rigging and using intimidation to persuade workers to vote in SEIU instead of the National Union of Healthcare Workers as their representative.[45][46]
Aramark employees from Johns Hopkins University, Towson University, Morgan State University and Coppin State University, as well as students from all four universities, participated in a protest alleging SEIU was acting to prevent a fair employee representation by the union of their choice.[47]
The SEIU's tactics were featured in a book entitled The Devil At My Doorstep chronicling the 3 year battle between the union and an Indiana based building services company [48].
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- ^ a b "Collective Bargaining With Adult Foster Home Providers. Executive Order No. 07-07" (PDF). Executive Office of the Governor. State of Oregon.. June 1, 2007. http://governor.oregon.gov/Gov/pdf/eo0720.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
- ^ "Enrolled Senate Bill 858 - AN ACT Relating to adult foster care providers" (PDF). 74th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY--2007 Regular Session. June 28, 2007. http://www.leg.state.or.us/07reg/measpdf/sb0800.dir/sb0858.en.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-12. "State of Oregon shall recognize as the exclusive representative of adult foster care home providers the labor organization that was recognized as the majority representative of adult foster care home providers under Executive Order 07-07..."
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