Lookout Records was an independent record label based in Berkeley, California focusing on punk rock.

History[link]

Larry Livermore and David Hayes formed the label in 1987. From the start, Lookout released punk rock records, but over time expanded its scope to include various types of pop rock, reggae fusion, acoustic rock, pop punk, and indie rock. Former Lookout bands that have since achieved major label success include Green Day and The Donnas.

Lookout became famous for releasing albums that featured a very distinctive pop punk sound including bands such as Screeching Weasel, The Mr T Experience, The Queers, Green Day, Sweet Baby, Squirtgun, The Wanna-Bes and others.

In recent years, a number of Lookout recording artists have ended their dealings with the label, rescinding their master rights from the label and re-issuing albums on other labels. These bands have cited various reasons including non-renewal of licensing agreements, distribution problems, and breach of contract over unpaid royalties. Among the bands that have taken their masters from Lookout and reissued them on other labels are Screeching Weasel (on Asian Man, then Recess Records), Avail (on Jade Tree), Pansy Division (on Alternative Tentacles), Blatz and Filth (on Alternative Tentacles), The Dollyrots (on Blackheart Records), The Riverdales (on Asian Man), The Queers (on Asian Man), The Lillingtons (on Red Scare Industries), Enemy You (also on Red Scare), and The Groovie Ghoulies (on Springman Records). On August 1, 2005, Green Day became the biggest former Lookout act to rescind their masters from the label, forcing Lookout to lay off its staff and halt new releases for the remainder of the year.^[1] Operation Ivy rescinded their masters on May 4, 2006 and their album was reissued on Hellcat Records in November 2007.^[2]

On September 13, 2009 Larry Livermore commented on the name of the label on his blog, noting that the name is often erroneously spelled with an exclamation point.^[3] While the proper spelling does not include an exclamation point, an exclamation point has become a common spelling in popular usage.^{[citation needed]}

Lookout Records turned 20 years old in 2008. In December 2009, the company entered a major financial reconstruction period.^[4] The label officially closed in January 2012.^[5][6]

Label roster[link]

See also[link]

• List of record labels

References[link]

1. ^ "Green Day Departure Hobbles Lookout". Aversion.com. 2005-08-02. http://www.aversion.com/news/news_article.cfm?news_id=4772. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 
2. ^ "Lookout Loses Operation Ivy". Aversion.com. 2006-05-04. http://www.aversion.com/news/news_article.cfm?news_id=6448. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 
3. ^ "That Damned Exclamation Point". Larrylivermore.blogspot.com. 2009-09-13. http://larrylivermore.blogspot.com/2009/09/that-damned-exclamation-point.html. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 
4. ^ Hicks, J. Rush Jr. (2000). "Should a Record Company Be Alarmed When an Artist Files for Bankruptcy?". MEIEA Journal (Meiea.org) 1 (1): 84–117. http://www.meiea.org/Journal/html_ver/Vol01_No01/Vol_1_No_1_A6.html. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 
5. ^ http://www.punknews.org/article/45835
6. ^ Chris Appelgren (2012-01-16). "Hard to say goodbye". Lookout Records official blog. http://www.lookoutrecords.com/2012/01/hard-to-say-goodbye.html. Retrieved 2012-01-16. 
7. ^ "Alkaline Trio - Hell Yes 7" Vinyl". Lookout Records official website. http://lookout.littletype.com/group-detail.php?item_group_id=3574. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 

External links[link]

• The official Lookout site
• Lookout! Records at MusicBrainz
• Harvilla, Rob. "Kerplunk: The rise and fall of the Lookout Records empire.", East Bay Express, September 14, 2005. Accessed April 20, 2008.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)

Pansy Division
Pansy Division performing in 2007.
Background information
Origin	San Francisco, California, United States
Genres	Punk rock
Years active	1991–present
Labels	Outpunk Alternative Tentacles Mint Records Lookout! Records
Website	www.pansydivision.com
Members
Jon Ginoli Chris Freeman Luis Illades Joel Reader
Past members
David Ayer Dustin Donaldson Patrick Goodwin Liam Hart Jay Paget David Ward Bernard Yin

Pansy Division is an American punk rock band that formed in San Francisco, California in 1991. Featuring primarily gay musicians and focusing mostly on gay-related themes, Pansy Division is one of the more melodic-oriented bands to emerge from the "queercore" movement that began in the 1980s.

Biography[link]

Early days[link]

Frustrated by the lack of openly gay musicians in independent rock, Jon Ginoli formed Pansy Division (the name itself a pun on Panzer division and the word "pansy") in San Francisco in early 1991. The intent of the band was to defy the common stereotypes towards gay men, particularly that they were more or less limited to enjoying and/or performing disco and showtunes, and that rock was strictly heterosexual territory. Originally a solo act on guitar, Ginoli eventually recruited bassist Chris Freeman and drummer Jay Paget, forming the first openly all-gay rock band.

Pansy Division's sound was heavily influenced by 1960s pop and 1970s punk rock, most notably bands such as the Ramones, the Buzzcocks and early Beatles: short, catchy pop punk numbers with humorous, in-your-face lyrics that dealt with various aspects of both gay life and life in general. Most of their early repertoire featured explicit and near-pornographic (though firmly tongue-in-cheek) lyrical depictions of gay sex, though some songs focused on more universal, unisex topics such as loneliness, friendship and attraction.

In 1993, following extensive Californian touring, several 7" singles and compilation appearances, Pansy Division was signed to Lookout! Records, released their first album, Undressed, and embarked their first national tour.

Mainstream recognition[link]

In 1994, with the release of their second album Deflowered and an appearance on Outpunk's seminal compilation Outpunk Dance Party, the band had proven themselves to be one of the more prolific and well-known artists to spring from the budding queercore movement. Also catching the wave of pop punk's mainstream explosion, Pansy Division were selected to tour with Green Day on the band’s Dookie tour, thus introducing the group and queercore to a much larger audience.

While signed to Lookout!, the band continued to release an album a year: 1995's Pile Up (notable for its various cover songs, including Ned Sublette's "Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other" and Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" (covered as "Smells Like Queer Spirit")), 1996's Wish I'd Taken Pictures (featuring the single "I Really Wanted You", whose music video played once on MTV) and the 1997 B-sides compilation More Lovin' From Our Oven.

Pansy Division also toured prolifically during these years, both nationally and internationally, touring with such alternative rock and punk bands as Chixdiggit, the Groovie Ghoulies, cub and Servotron, God Is My Co-Pilot and Team Dresch, while often sharing the stage with such bands as Rancid, The Vandals, New Bomb Turks, Jimmy Eat World, Supergrass and The Supersuckers.

During this time, Pansy Division primarily performed as a trio, with Freeman and Ginoli being the only constant members amid a slew of perpetually rotating drummers, both gay and straight. In 1996, the band finally found a permanent gay drummer in the form of Luis Illades and became a quartet in 1997 with the addition of lead guitarist Patrick Goodwin.

New direction and label[link]

1998 saw the release of their fifth studio album Absurd Pop Song Romance, which was a departure from earlier Pansy work, featuring less humorous, more introspective lyrics and a darker, two-guitar layered alternative rock sound. Although fans regard the album as perhaps the band's best work, it was their least-selling album and curbed their six year long touring and recording streak.

In 2001, Pansy Division was finally ready to record another album, but the lack of support from Lookout! caused the band to leave their long-time label and sign with Alternative Tentacles later that year. What resulted was 2003's Total Entertainment!, an album that the band described as a meeting point between the lighthearted humor of their early work and the introspective rock of their previous album. Goodwin left the band the following year, being temporarily replaced by Bernard Yin and then by former Mr. T Experience member Joel Reader.

In 2006, Alternative Tentacles released The Essential Pansy Division, a comprehensive 'best-of' compilation featuring thirty tracks hand-picked by Ginoli and a DVD of various video footage.

Recent activity[link]

Following the release of Total Entertainment, Pansy Division's active touring and recording schedule declined as most of the members relocated to different parts of the country. The band continued to perform sporadically, usually at various gay pride festivals or local shows in San Francisco. In 2007, Pansy Division launched their first national tour since 2003 with reformed San Francisco punk band The Avengers, whose current line-up features both Illades and Reader.

In 2008, the band became the subject of a documentary film entitled Pansy Division: Life in a Gay Rock Band, directed by Michael Carmona. The film has been touring internationally, playing at various LGBT film festivals, and was released on DVD in 2009.

Recently, Ginoli announced on Pansy Division's official website that 2009 would see the release of their seventh studio album, titled That’s So Gay, a live DVD, another national tour, and his memoirs, a biography of the band entitled Deflowered: My Life in Pansy Division.

In February 2009, the band released a vinyl 7" of "Average Men," their first single from the album. The B-Side is a cover of "Coming Clean" by Green Day.

Members[link]

Current members[link]

• Jon Ginoli - vocals/guitar (1991–present)
• Chris Freeman - bass/vocals (1991–present)
• Joel Reader - lead guitar/vocals (2004–present)
  • Formerly of The Mr. T Experience and The Plus Ones
• Luis Illades - drums (1996–present)

Both Reader and Illades are members of the reformed San Francisco punk rock band The Avengers.

Former members[link]

• Jay Paget - drums (1991–1992)
  • Now of Thinking Fellers Union Local 282
• David Ward - drums (1992–1994)
• Liam Hart - drums (1994)
• David Ayer - drums (1994)
• Patrick Hawley - drums (1995)
• Dustin Donaldson - drums (1995–1996)
  • Now of I Am Spoonbender
• Patrick Goodwin - lead guitar (1997–2004)
  • Now of Hammers of Misfortune and Dirty Power
• Bernard Yin - lead guitar (2004)
  • Now of Astra Heights

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Undressed on Lookout! Records (1993)
• Deflowered on Lookout! Records (1994)
• Wish I'd Taken Pictures on Mint Records (1996)
• Absurd Pop Song Romance on Lookout! Records (1998)
• Total Entertainment! on Alternative Tentacles (2003)
• That's So Gay on Alternative Tentacles (2009)

Compilation albums[link]

• Pile Up on Lookout! Records (1995)
• More Lovin' From Our Oven on Lookout! Records (1997)
• The Essential Pansy Division on Alternative Tentacles (2006)
• Lost Gems & Rare Tracks exclusively on iTunes (2010)

7" singles[link]

• "Meer"
• "Fem In A Black Leather Jacket" b/w "Homo Christmas" & "Smells Like Queer Spirit" (Lookout! Records, 1992)
• "Bill & Ted's Homosexual Adventure" b/w "Big Bottom" (Outpunk, 1993)
• "Touch My Joe Camel" b/w "Homosapien" & "Trash" (Lookout! Records, 1993) (cover art by Anonymous Boy)
• "Nine Inch Males" EP: "Fuck Buddy", "Cry for a Shadow" & "The Biggest Lie" (Lookout! Records, 1994)
• "Jack U Off" b/w "Strip You Down" (Empty Records, 1994)
• "Jackson" b/w "I Really Wanted You" (K Records, 1994) (Collaboration with Calvin Johnson)
• "Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond Of Each Other", on 'Stop Homophobia' compilation with Fagbash, Happy Flowers and Black Angel's Death Song (Turkey Baster Records, 1994)
• "James Bondage" b/w "Flower", "Real Men" & "Denny (Naked)" (Lookout! Records, 1995)
• "Gay Pride" split EP, with Chumbawumba and Spdfgh, (Rugger Bugger Records, 1995)
• "Valentine's Day" b/w "He Could Be The One" & "Pretty Boy (What's Your Name?)" (Lookout! Records, 1996)
• "For Those About to Suck Cock" EP: "Headbanger", "Sweet Pain" & "Breaking the Law" (Lookout! Records, 1996)
• "Manada" b/w "One Night Stand", "Hockey Hair", "Manada (Version Quebecois)" (Mint Records, 1997)
• "Queer to the Core" EP: "Political Asshole", "Two Way Ass" & "Expiration Date" (Lookout! Records, 1997)
• "Scutter Fanzine presents 'Tummy Shaking'" split EP, with Bis, Sourtooth & Ozma (Scutter Records, 1998)
• "Dirty Queers Don't Come Cheap" split EP w/ Skinjobs: "Your Loss" & "I Know Your Type" (Mint Records, 2004)
• "Average Man" b/w "Coming Clean" (Green Day cover) (Alternative Tentacles, 2009)

Compilation appearances[link]

• "I Can't Sleep" on Outpunk Dance Party (Outpunk Records, 1992)
• "Homo Christmas" on Punk Rock Christmas (Rhino Records, 1995)
• "Ring of Joy" on A Slice Of Lemon (Lookout! Records, 1996)
• "Jackson" on Project: Echo (K Records, 1996)
• "Bunnies" on Stars Kill Rock (Kill Rock Stars, 1996)
• "Pillow Talk" on Team Mint (Mint Records, 1996)
• "The Summer You Let Your Hair Grow Out" on Heide Sez Lookout! (Lookout! Records, 1996)
• "Can't Make Love" (with Tré Cool) on Generations, Vol 1: A Punk Look at Human Rights (Ark 21 Records, 1997)
• "Loose" on We Will Fall: The Iggy Pop Tribute (Royalty Records, 1997)
• "Political Asshole" on The Last Great Thing You Did (Lookout! Records, 1997)
• "Expiration Date" on Milkshake - A CD to Benefit the Harvey Milk Institute, (timmi-kat ReCoRDS, 1998)
• "Musclehead" on Forward 'Til Death: A Sampler Compilation (Lookout! Records, 1999)
• "Hockey Hair" on Puck Rock, Vol. 2 (Sudden Death Records, 2000)
• "The Summer You Let Your Hair Grow Out (Live)" on Songs for Summer (Oglio Records, 2000)
• "Used to Turn Me On (Demo)" on Lookout! Freakout (Lookout Records!, 2000)
• "Luv Luv Luv" on Bi the People: A Compilation of Bisexual Artists & Friends (Violent Yodel Records, 2003)
• "Luv Luv Luv" on Queer Stock Queer Soup (Queer Stock, 2003)
• "I Can Make You A Man" on The Rocky Horror Punk Rock Show (Springman Records, 2004)
• "Musclehead" on Plea for Peace, Vol. 2' (Asian Man Records, 2007)

Soundtrack appearances[link]

• "Deep Water" in Angus, directed by Patrick Read Johnson (1995)
• Queercore: A Punk-U-Mentary, directed by Scott Treleaven (1996)
• Skin & Bone, directed by Everett Lewis (1996)
• "Sweet Insecurity" and "Luv Luv Luv", Luster, directed by Everett Lewis (2002)
• "First Betrayal" in Hellbent, directed by Paul Etheredge-Ouzts (2005)
• Pansy Division: Life In A Gay Rock Band (2008)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pansy Division

• The Official Pansy Division Website
• Pansy Division’s page on their label, Alternative Tentacles website.
• Pansy Division on MySpace

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010)

Citizen Fish
Citizen Fish in Manchester, 2008
Background information
Origin	Bath, England
Genres	Punk rock, ska punk
Years active	1990–present
Labels	Bluurg, Lookout!, Fat Wreck Chords, Alternative Tentacles
Associated acts	Culture Shock, Subhumans
Website	www.citizenfish.com
Members
Dick Lucas Jasper Phil Silas Roberto Miguel Jessica Minty Matt
Past members
Larry Trotsky

Citizen Fish is a ska punk band that has been together since 1990. The band often makes strong social and political statements, dealing with themes such as anti-consumerism, vegetarianism, questioning the status quo, and encouraging people to get along with one another. The band is considered to be a side project of Subhumans and both bands share several members.

History[link]

Based around Bath, England, the original members were Dick Lucas (vocals/words), Jasper (bass), Trotsky (drums), and Larry (guitar). Following their first album, Free Souls in a Trapped Environment, Larry left the band and was replaced by Phil, who, along with Dick and Trotsky, had previously been a member of the Subhumans. Jasper and Dick had previously played together in Culture Shock. In July 2006, Silas replaced Trotsky on drums. In the following month, after a five year recording hiatus, the band returned to the studio to record songs for a split album with the New York band Leftöver Crack.

Discography[link]

• Free Souls in a Trapped Environment (Bluurg Records Fish 24, 1990)

(Recorded at the Refuge 17–19 April 1990 and Southern Studios 7–10 June 1990)

1. Supermarket Song (2:43)
2. Break Into A Run/Rainbows (4:11)
3. Possession (1:56)
4. Small Scale Wars (3:44)
5. Home Economics (3:29)
6. Paint (1:03)
7. Talk Is Cheap (2:41)
8. Face Off/Youth (5:19)
9. Flesh And Blood (3:25)
10. Get Off The Phone (2:03)
11. Experiment Earth (2:15)
12. How To Write Ultimate Protest Songs (2:48)
13. Charity (4:37)

• Disposable Dream 7"(Bluurg Records Fish 27/Lookout! Records #60, 1992)

(Recorded and Mixed 2 October 1991 at White House Studio)

1. Disposable Dream
2. Flesh And Blood II ("IE NOT the other version on the 'Free Souls' LP") on the back cover

• Wider Than a Postcard (Bluurg Records, 1992)

(Recorded and Mixed at Southern Studios 21–28 November 1991)

1. Sink Or Swim (3:24)
2. Language Barrier (4:16)
3. Same Old 'Starving Millions' (2:43)
4. Conditional Silence (2:17)
5. Big Big House (3:30)
6. Mind Bomb (4:39)
7. Chili Pain (1:37)
8. Give Me Beethoven... (3:28)
9. Talk It Over (2:41)
10. Offended (3:40)
11. Central Nervous System (3:33)
12. Traffic Lights (2:17)
13. Smells Like Home (8:47)

• Live Fish (Live in Germany) (Bluurg Records Fish 28, 1992)
• Citizen Fish/AOS3 split EP (Bluurg Records Fish 29, 1992)
• Flinch (Bluurg Records Fish 31, 1993)

(Recorded 2-6, Mixed 11–13 August 1993 at St. Marks, London) (Additional musicians: "Alex and Jim from Bender on Trumpets"

1. T.V. Dinner (2:12)
2. Naked (2:46)
3. Small Talk (2:28)
4. Time Control (2:31)
5. Dividing Lines (2:34)
6. Media Men (3:29)
7. Bag Lady (2:33)
8. First Impressions (3:38)
9. Wet Cement (2:46)
10. Circular Vision (3:07)
11. Social Insecurity (3:17)
12. Invisible People (3:43)
13. Flinch (1:51)

• Millennia Madness (Bluurg Records Fish 34, Lookout! Records #123, 1995)

(Recorded and Mixed at St. Marks, London 28 March-6 April 1995) (Additional musicians: "Alex [Bender]-Trumpet. John [P.A.I.N.]-more Voice)

1. P.C. Musical Chairs (4:00)
2. Next Big Thing (2:41)
3. Can't Be Bothered (2:37)
4. 2000 And One (4:01)
5. Panic In The Supermarket (2:21)
6. Can't Complain (4:11)
7. Faster (2:45)
8. Phone In Sick (2:28)
9. Refugees Go West (2:34)
10. Backlash (5:58)
11. Friends (3:24)
12. Skin (3:34)

• Thirst (Lookout! Records #152, 1996)

(Recorded at River Studio, London 1–10 May 1996)

1. Feeding (2:40)
2. Popsongs (3:44)
3. City On A River (3:13)
4. Used To Work (2:30)
5. Plasticash (3:42)
6. Scene 496: Cafe In Melksham (3:06)
7. Words On Overtime (3:29)
8. Talk About The Weather (2:22)
9. Catholic Sex Confession (3:23)
10. Criminal (2:54)
11. What Charlie Said (3:19)
12. Fill Me Up (3:14)

• Psychological Background Reports (Bluurg Records, 1996) - collection rare and previously unreleased material
• Habit 7" (Lookout! Records, 1998)

1. Habit (the same version from the Active Ingredients LP)
2. Phone In Sick (later released on CD on "What Time We On?")
3. Overheard
4. I Had To Guess (both songs only available on vinyl)

• Active Ingredients (Lookout! Records #212, 1998, Bluurg Records FISH38, 1999)

(Recorded November 1998, Mixed January 1999 at Phil's Roadside Cafe, Warminster) (This is the first Citizen Fish album that was recorded without outside help. It was engineered by Phil, and mixed by Phil and Jasper, using Phil's 4-track machine)

1. Active Ingredients (2:35)
2. The B.O.B. Song (1:50)
3. Oslo (3:58)
4. Bitter And Twisted (3:16)
5. Digging A Hole (4:53)
6. Sacred Cows (2:18)
7. Pills (1:49)
8. Habit (3:31)
9. Isolated Incidents (4:53)
10. Barking (3:03)
11. Heard It All Before (4:26)
12. Deep Neuortic (2:55)
13. Not For Sale (3:57)

(This is also the first Citizen Fish album with a hidden track...going by the CD booklet, the song is called 'Breaking A Habit' and plays after "Not For Sale" on the same track.)

• Life Size (Honest Don's Old English Recordings, 2001)

1. Over The Fence (2:04)
2. Revolution (2:36)
3. Out Of Control (3:13)
4. Picture This (2:35)
5. Internal Release (2:25)
6. Autographs (4:22)
7. Back To Zero (2:36)
8. Choice Of Viewing (3:11)
9. Lose The Instructions (1:56)
10. Somewhere To Go (3:22)
11. Shrink The Distance (4:13)
12. Will Swap (2:53)

• What Time We On? Live Album, (Bluurg Records Fish 47, 2006)

(This CD is a live compilation, from the years 1992-1998. Compiled by Jasper)

1. Used To Work (2:16)
2. Next Big Thing (2:36)
3. 2000 And One (3:31) (All recorded at the Living Room in Santa Barbara, 1 May 1997)
4. Phone In Sick (2:23) (Version from the "Habit" 7". Recorded at Bottom Of The Hill in San Francisco, 22 June 1998)
5. Can't Complain (4:13) (Recorded at the Square, Harlow, 25 March 1995)
6. Smells Like Home (9:01)
7. Longbridge Deverill Stomp (1:22)
8. First Impressions (3:42)
9. Traffic Lights (2:42) (All recorded at Klupfel, Nurnberg, Germany, 27 September 1992)

(These songs could be part of the "Live Fish" cassette, but this is not known.)

1. Social Insecurity (3:05)
2. Fill Me Up (3:10)
3. Flinch (1:42)
4. Alienation (:32)
5. Skin (+happy birthday Trotsky) (3:54)
6. Not For Sale (3:42) (All recorded at St. Andrew's in Detroit, 22 June 1998)
7. Habit (3:26)
8. P.C. Musical Chairs (3:43)
9. Deep Neurotic (2:58) (S.F. Bottom of Hill)
10. Dividing Lines (2:34) (Santa Barbara)

• Baby-Punchers/Meltdown Split 7-inch EP with Leftöver Crack (Fat Wreck Chords FAT-226, 2006)
• Deadline split album with Leftöver Crack (Fat Wreck Chords, FAT-720, 2007)

[Citizen Fish's half] (Recorded 28–31 August 2006 at State Of Art, Bristol) New Citizen Fish line-up as listed in the CD booklet: Dick-Voice & Words Phil-Guitar Jasper-Bass & Voice Silas-Drums Alex-Trumpet Matt-Trombone (This album marks the first time that the Citizen Fish line-up has been listed as a whole band rather than a band with additional musicians who played on certain tracks. It can be inferred that the "new" Citizen Fish is a sextet with horns.)

1. Working On The Inside (2:43)
2. Money (2:01)
3. Meltdown (2:43) (The same version as the split 7")
4. Getting Used To It (2:30)
5. Back To Square One (3:00)
6. Join The Dots (3:08)
7. Clear Channel (Fuck Off) [Written as F*ck Off!!! on the back cover] (2:30)

• Goods (Studio Album, Alternative Tentacles - virus424, 2011)

1. Shelf Life (2:51)
2. Free Speech (4:10)
3. Human Conditioner (3:12)
4. Overseas (3:32)
5. Better (3:38)
6. Click (3:24)
7. How Far Does It Go? (3:01)
8. Insane (3:34)
9. Marker Pen (2:52)
10. Fearless (3:37)
11. Discomfort Zone (3:17)
12. Spotless (2:29)
13. Wake Up (4:06)

Compilations:

• Heide Sez... (Lookout! Records, 1996)
• This Is The A.L.F. (Mortarhate Records, 1998)
• Forward Till Death (Lookout! Records, 1999)
• Welcome To The Welfare State (BYO Records, BYO 66, 1999) Song: "Will Swap" (This is a different version from the one released on the Life Size LP)
• You Call This Music?! Volume 1 (Geykido Comet Records, 2000)
• This Are UK Ska, Volume (Do The Dog Records, 2001)

See also[link]

• Punk ideology

External links[link]

• Subhumans and Citizen Fish - official website
• Interview Dick Lucas from Citizen Fish from 1996

Skytrain Mark II, Vancouver, Canada

Yurikamome Line, Tokyo, Japan. More than one hundred thousand people a day use Yurikamome.

A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system.

The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems.

The term was originally applied to three different systems, developed roughly at the same time. One was Skybus, an automated mass transit system prototyped by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation beginning in 1964.^[1][2][3] The second, alternately called the People Mover and Minirail, opened in Montreal at Expo 67. Finally the last, called PeopleMover or Goodyear PeopleMover, was an attraction sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company which opened at Disneyland in 1967.^[4] Now, however, the term "people mover" is generic, and may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction.

Generally speaking, larger APMs are referred to by other names. The most generic is "automated guideway transit", which encompasses any automated system regardless of size. Some complex APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over a track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. These taxi-like systems are more usually referred to as personal rapid transit (PRT). Larger systems, with vehicles with 20 to 40 passengers, are sometimes referred to as "group rapid transit" (GRT), although this term is not particularly common. Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to mass transit systems, and there is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system.

History[link]

Never-Stop Railway[link]

One of the first automated systems for human transportation was the screw-driven 'Never-Stop-Railway',^[5][6] constructed for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, London in 1924. This railway consisted of 88 unmanned carriages, on a continuous double track along the northern and eastern sides of the exhibition, with reversing loops at either end.

The carriages ran on two parallel concrete beams and were guided by pulleys running on the inner side of these concrete beams^[7][8], and were propelled by gripping a revolving screw thread running between the tracks in a pit ; by adjusting the pitch of this thread at different points, the carriages could be sped up, or slowed down to a walking pace at stations, to allow passengers to join and leave. The railway ran reliably for the two years of the exhibition, and was then dismantled.^[9]

Small sections of this track bed, and a nearby heavy rail track bed, have been proposed for reuse.^[10]

Goodyear and Stephens-Adamson[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Late 1949, Mike Kendall, Chief Engineer and Chairman of the Board of Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co asked Al Neilson, an engineer in the Industrial Products Division of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., if Goodyear had ever considered working on People Movers. He felt that with Goodyear’s ability to move materials in large quantities on conveyor belts they should consider moving batches of people.

Four years of engineering design, development, and testing led to a joint patent being issued for three types of people movers which had been named Speedwalk, Speedramp, and Carveyor. Goodyear would sell the concept and Stephens-Adamson would manufacture and install the components.

A speedwalk consisted of a flat conveyor belt riding on a series of rollers, or a flat slippery surface, moving at 1.5 mph (2.4 km/h). (approximately half the speed of walking) the passengers would walk onto the belt and could stand or walk to the exit point. They were supported by a moving handrail. Customers were expected to be airport terminals, ballparks, train stations, etc. Today several manufacturers produce similar units called moving walkways.

A Speedramp was very similar to a Speedwalk but it was used to change elevations; up or down a floor level. This could have been accomplished by an escalator, but the Speedramp would allow wheeled luggage, small handcarts etc. to ride the belt at an operating cost predicted to be much lower than escalators or elevators. The first successful installation of a Speedramp, spring of 1954, was in the Hudson and Manhattan RR Station in Jersey City to connect the Erie RR to the Hudson & Manhattan Tubes. This unit was 227 feet (69 m) long, rose up 22 feet (6.7 m) on a 15 degree grade and only cost $75,000.

A Carveyor consisted of many small cubicles or cars carrying ten people riding on a flat conveyor belt from point A to point B. The belt rode on a series of motorized rollers. The purpose of the motorized rollers was to facilitate the gradual acceleration and deceleration speeds on the conveyor belt and over come the tendency of all belts to stretch at start up and during shutdown. At point “A” passengers would enter a Speedwalk running parallel to the belts and cars of the Carveyor. The cars would be moving at the same speed as the Speedwalk; the passengers would enter the cars and be seated, while the motorized rollers would increase the speed of the cars up to the traveling speed (which would be preset depending on the distance to be covered). At point B Passengers could disembark and by means of a series of flat slower belts (Speedwalks) go to other Carveyors to other destinations or out to the street. The cars at point B would continue on rollers around a semicircle and then reverse the process carrying passengers back to point A. The target installation was to be the 42nd Street Shuttle in NYC between Times Square and Grand Central station. The first mention of the Carveyor in a hardback book was in "There's Adventure in Civil Engineering", by Neil P. Ruzic. The book was one of the 11 books that Popular Mechanics published in the early to mid 1950s in their "Career" series. In the book the Carveyor was already installed and operational in downtown Los Angeles.

Colonel Sydney H. Bingham, Chairman of the New York City Board of Transportation, had several meetings with a group of architects who were trying to revamp the whole New York City Subway system in the heart of town to connect Penn. Station, Madison Square Garden, Times Square, Grand Central and several new office complexes together. Several of these architects were involved in other programs and in later years many variations of the Carveyor people movers developed.

In November 1954 the New York City Transit Authority issued an order to Goodyear and Stephens-Adamson to build a complete Carveyor system between Times Square and Grand Central. A brief summary and confirmation can be found in Time magazine on November 15, 1954. under the heading “Subway of the Future”. The cost was to be under $4 million, but the order was never fulfilled due to political difficulties.

Chocolate World in Hershey Pa., Disneyland in California, and Disney World in Florida are among many other locations that have used variations of the Carveyor concept. If You Had Wings used the Omnimover.

Other developments[link]

The term 'people mover' was used by Walt Disney, when he and his Imagineers were working on the new 1967 Tomorrowland at Disneyland. The name was used as a working title for a new attraction, the PeopleMover. According to Imagineer Bob Gurr, "the name got stuck," and it was no longer a working title.^[11]

Starting in the late 1960s and into the 1970s, people movers were the topic of intense development around the world. Worried about the growing congestion and pollution in downtown areas due to the spread of cars, many countries started studying mass transit systems that would lower capital costs to the point where any city could afford to deploy them. Most of these systems used elevated guideways, which were much less expensive to deploy than underground tunnels. However, elevating the track causes problems with noise, so traditional steel-wheel-on-rail solutions were rare as they squealed when rounding bends in the rails. Rubber tired solutions were common, but some systems used hovercraft techniques or various magnetic levitation systems.

Two major government funded APM projects are notable. In Germany, Mannesmann Demag and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm developed a system known as Cabinentaxi during the 1970s. Cabinetaxi featured small cars with from four to eight seats that were called to pick up passengers on-demand and drove directly to their destination. The stations were "offline", allowing the cabs to stop by moving off the main lines while other cars continued to their destinations. The system was designed so the cars could be adapted to run on top or bottom of the track (but not easily converted from one to the other), allowing dual-track movements from a single elevated guideway only slightly wider than the cars. A test track was completed in 1975 and ran until development was completed in 1979, but no deployments followed and the companies abandoned the system shortly thereafter.

In the U.S., a 1966 federal bill provided funding that led to the development of APM systems under the Downtown People Mover Program. Four systems were developed, Rohr's ROMAG, LTV's AirTrans, Ford's APT and Otis Elevator's hovercraft design. A major presentation of the systems was organized as TRANSPO'72 at Dulles Airport where the various systems were presented to delegations from numerous cities in the US. Prototype systems and test tracks were built during the 1970s. One notable example was Pittsburgh's Skybus, which was proposed by the Port Authority of Allegheny County to replace its streetcar system, which, having large stretches of private right of way, was not suited for bus conversion. A short demonstration line was set up in South Park and large tracts of land were secured for its facilities. However, opposition arose to the notion that it would replace the streetcar system. This, combined with the immaturity of the technology and other factors, led the Port Authority to abandon the project and pursue alternatives. By the start of the 1980s most politicians had lost interest in the concept and the project was repeatedly de-funded in the early 1980s. Only two APMs were developed as a part of the People Mover Program, the Metromover in Miami, and the Detroit People Mover.

Although these government-funded systems were generally considered failures, several APM systems developed by other groups have been much more successful. Notable among these systems are the Docklands Light Railway deployed in London, while the French Véhicule Automatique Léger and the Canadian Bombardier ART have both won developments around the world. The Vancouver SkyTrain system is the largest fully automated metro system in the world, with over 60 km of track. These systems are on the "heavy" end of the APM scale. Lighter systems with shorter tracks are widely deployed at airports; the world's first airport people mover was installed in 1971 at Tampa International Airport in the United States. APMs have now become common at large airports and hospitals in the United States.

Driver-less metros have become common in Europe and parts of Asia. The economics of automated trains tend to reduce the scale so tied to "mass" transit (the largest operating expense is the driver's salary, which is only affordable if very large numbers of passengers are paying fares), so that small-scale installations are feasible. Thus cities normally thought of as too small to build a metro (e.g. Rennes, Lausanne, Brescia, etc.) are now doing so.

On September 30, 2006, the Peachliner in Komaki, Aichi Prefecture, Japan became that nation's first people mover to cease operations.

Manufacturers[link]

Heavy APMs[link]

• Ansaldo STS
• Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit
• Véhicule Automatique Léger (VAL)
• Hyundai Rotem

Light APMs[link]

• Ansaldo STS
• Bombardier Innovia APM 100 (formerly the CX-100)
• Bombardier Innovia APM 200
• DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
• Leitner Group
• Poma Group
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover
• Parry People Movers (PPM)
• Hyundai Rotem

Examples[link]

Skytrain Canada Line, British Columbia, Canada

Docklands Light Railway, Docklands area of London

VAL Automated People mover
(Véhicule Automatique Léger)

Urban transit[link]

Canada[link]

• Toronto, Ontario: Scarborough RT (semi-automated)
• Vancouver, British Columbia: SkyTrain (fully automated)

Denmark[link]

• Copenhagen Metro

United Kingdom[link]

• Gatwick airport Terminal transfer
• London Stansted Airport Transit System
• ULTra personal transit system, London Heathrow Airport
• Docklands Light Railway

France[link]

• Laon (Poma 2000)
• Lille (Lille Metro; VAL system)
• Paris (Orlyval and CDGVAL; both VAL system)
• Rennes (Rennes Metro; VAL system)
• Toulouse (Toulouse Metro; VAL system)

Germany[link]

• Düsseldorf Airport
• Dortmund H-Bahn
• Düsseldorf Skytrain (H-Bahn)

Italy[link]

Automated MiniMetro in Perugia, Italy

• Perugia, MiniMetro (fully automated)
• Milan, MeLA Line 2 - S. Raffaele Hospital (fully automated)
• Venice, Venice People Mover Isola del Tronchetto - Piazzale Roma.

Japan[link]

Astram Line, Hiroshima, Japan

• Hiroshima: Astram Line
• Kobe: Port Liner, Rokkō Liner
• Komaki: Peach Liner (already discontinued)
• Nagoya: Linimo, Nagoya Guideway Bus
• Osaka: New Tram (Osaka Municipal Nankō Port Town Line)
• Saitama: New Shuttle
• Sakura: Yamaman Yūkarigaoka Line
• Tokorozawa: Seibu Railway Yamaguchi Line (Leo Liner)
• Tokyo: Yurikamome, Nippori-Toneri Liner
• Yokohama: Seaside Line

Malaysia[link]

• Kelana Jaya Line (formerly PUTRA)

The Philippines[link]

• Manila Light Rail Transit System
• Manila Metro Rail Transit System

Portugal[link]

• Oeiras: SATU

Sengkang LRT Line, A Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover on the East Loop, Singapore

Singapore[link]

• Bukit Panjang Light Rail Transit
• Sengkang Light Rail Transit
• Punggol Light Rail Transit
• Changi Airport Skytrain

People's Republic of China[link]

• Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover Systems in Guangzhou
• SK (people mover) in Shanghai

Republic of China (Taiwan)[link]

• Wenshan Line, Neihu Line

United Arab Emirates[link]

• Dubai : Dubai Metro

USA[link]

Metromover, Miami, Florida

• Detroit, Michigan: Detroit People Mover
• Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Health People Mover
• Jacksonville, Florida: JTA Skyway
• Las Colinas, Irving, Texas: Las Colinas APT System
• Paradise, Nevada: Mandalay Bay Tram
• Miami, Florida: Metromover (Downtown People Mover), MIA Mover
• Morgantown, West Virginia: Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit
• Washington, District of Columbia: United States Capitol Subway System Dirksen/Hart Line
• Queens, New York: AirTrain JFK Airport
• Chicago, Illinois: ATS Chicago ORD

Airport[link]

Many large international airports around the world feature people mover systems to transport passengers between terminals or within a terminal itself. Some people mover systems at airports connect with other public transportation systems to allow passengers to travel into the airport's city.

• 

  An underground people mover, called The Plane Train, station at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

• 

  LINK Interterminal Shuttle at Toronto Pearson International Airport

• 

  AirRail Link at Birmingham International Airport, West Midlands, UK

• 

  Skytrain (H-Bahn), Düsseldorf Airport, Germany

Rural and suburban transit[link]

Pillar-track Regional People Mover

The Pillar-track Regional People Mover is a concept of a People Mover system, that is optimized for rural and suburban areas with lower population density. The aim of the system is to provide short intervals and appropriate riding and waiting times (including changing between lines) outside of urban areas too.^[12]

Other[link]

• The former PeopleMover attraction at Disneyland, which ran from 1967 to 1995. (This is a source of the name "people mover." It was not meant to be used on a permanent basis, but WED Enterprises could not come up with any other names for it.)
• The Tomorrowland Transit Authority attraction, which was formerly called the WEDway PeopleMover, at Walt Disney World
• West Virginia University (Morgantown, West Virginia) – a Group Rapid Transit system, similar to Personal rapid transit
• The Huntsville Hospital Tram System connects different buildings of the Huntsville Hospital System.
• Slope car, a small automated monorail found in various parts of Japan, can be considered as a simple form of people mover.
• In addition to the Las Vegas Monorail, several people mover systems are in place in the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada. Two connect the McCarran International Airport terminal 1 to its C- and D-gates. Another connects The Mirage to Treasure Island Hotel and Casino. Two people mover connects hotels on the Las Vegas Strip. The Mandalay Bay Tram connects Excalibur, Luxor, and Mandalay Bay. The City Center Tram connects Monte Carlo, The Crystals in City Center, and the Bellagio.
• The Minirail automated monorail at Expo 67, which incorporated track and rolling stock from the 1964 Swiss National Exhibition.

See also[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: People movers

• Detroit's people mover
• Jon Bell's (Mostly) Rail Transit Pages
• Information on electronically guided people mover systems
• DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
• Leitner MiniMetro
• [1]