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Anatole France
Born	(1844-04-16)16 April 1844 Paris, France
Died	12 October 1924(1924-10-12) (aged 80) Tours, France
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	French
Notable award(s)	Nobel Prize in Literature 1921
Signature

Anatole France (pronounced: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]) (16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924), born François-Anatole Thibault,^[1] [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo], was a French poet, journalist, and novelist. He was born in Paris, and died in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire. He was a successful novelist, with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie française, and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in recognition of his literary achievements.

France is also widely believed^[2] to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.

Early life[link]

The son of a bookseller, France spent most of his life around books. His father's bookstore, called the Librairie France, specialized in books and papers on the French Revolution and was frequented by many notable writers and scholars of the day.^[1] Anatole France studied at the Collège Stanislas, a private Catholic school, and after graduation he helped his father by working in his bookstore. After several years he secured the position of cataloguer at Bacheline-Deflorenne and at Lemerre. In 1876 he was appointed librarian for the French Senate.

Literary career[link]

Anatole France began his career as a poet and a journalist. In 1869, Le Parnasse Contemporain published one of his poems, La Part de Madeleine. In 1875, he sat on the committee which was in charge of the third Parnasse Contemporain compilation. As a journalist, from 1867, he wrote a lot of articles and notices. He became famous with the novel Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (1881). Its protagonist, skeptical old scholar Sylvester Bonnard, embodied France's own personality. The novel was praised for its elegant prose and won him a prize from the French Academy. In La Rotisserie de la Reine Pedauque (1893) Anatole France ridiculed belief in the occult; and in Les Opinions de Jerome Coignard (1893), France captured the atmosphere of the fin de siècle.

He was elected to the Académie française in 1896.

France took an important part in the Dreyfus Affair. He signed Emile Zola's manifesto supporting Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer who had been falsely convicted of espionage. France wrote about the affair in his 1901 novel Monsieur Bergeret.

France's later works include L'Île des Pingouins (1908) which satirizes human nature by depicting the transformation of penguins into humans - after the animals have been baptized in error by the nearsighted Abbot Mael. La Revolte des Anges (1914) is often considered France's most profound novel. It tells the story of Arcade, the guardian angel of Maurice d'Esparvieu. Arcade falls in love, joins the revolutionary movement of angels, and towards the end realizes that the overthrow of God is meaningless unless "in ourselves and in ourselves alone we attack and destroy Ialdabaoth."

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. He died in 1924 and is buried in the Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemetery near Paris.

On 31 May 1922, France's entire works were put on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (Prohibited Books Index) of the Roman Catholic Church.^[3] He regarded this as a "distinction".^[4] This Index was abolished in 1966.

Bibliography[link]

Poetry[link]

• Les Légions de Varus, poem published in 1867 in the Gazette rimée.
• Poèmes dorés (1873)
• Les Noces corinthiennes (The Bride of Corinth) (1876)

Prose fiction[link]

• Jocaste et Le Chat maigre (Jocasta and the Famished Cat) (1879)
• Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard) (1881)
• Les Désirs de Jean Servien (The Aspirations of Jean Servien) (1882)
• Abeille (Honey-Bee) (1883)
• Balthasar (1889)
• Thaïs (1890)
• L’Étui de nacre (Mother of Pearl) (1892)
• La Rôtisserie de la reine Pédauque (At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque) (1892)
• Les Opinions de Jérôme Coignard (The Opinions of Jerome Coignard) (1893)
• Le Lys rouge (The Red Lily) (1894)
• Le Puits de Sainte Claire (The Well of Saint Clare) (1895)
• L’Histoire contemporaine (A Chronicle of Our Own Times)
  • 1: L’Orme du mail (The Elm-Tree on the Mall)(1897)
  • 2: Le Mannequin d'osier (The Wicker-Work Woman) (1897)
  • 3: L’Anneau d'améthyste (The Amethyst Ring) (1899)
  • 4: Monsieur Bergeret à Paris (Monsieur Bergeret in Paris) (1901)
• Clio (1900)
• Histoire comique (A Mummer's Tale) (1903)
• Sur la pierre blanche (The White Stone) (1905)
• L'Affaire Crainquebille (1901)
• L’Île des Pingouins (Penguin Island) (1908)
• Les Contes de Jacques Tournebroche (The Merrie Tales of Jacques Tournebroche) (1908)
• Les Sept Femmes de Barbe bleue et autres contes merveilleux (The Seven Wives Of Bluebeard and Other Marvellous Tales) (1909)
• Les dieux ont soif (The Gods Are Athirst) (1912)
• La Révolte des anges (The Revolt of the Angels) (1914)

Memoirs[link]

• Le Livre de mon ami (My Friend's Book) (1885)
• Pierre Nozière (1899)
• Le Petit Pierre (Little Pierre) (1918)
• La Vie en fleur (The Bloom of Life) (1922)

Plays[link]

• Au petit bonheur (1898)
• Crainquebille (1903)
• La Comédie de celui qui épousa une femme muette (The Man Who Married A Dumb Wife) (1908)
• Le Mannequin d'osier (The Wicker Woman) (1928)

Historical biography[link]

• Vie de Jeanne d'Arc (The Life of Joan of Arc) (1908)

Literary criticism[link]

• Alfred de Vigny (1869)
• Le Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte (1888)
• Le Génie Latin (1913)

Social criticism[link]

• Le Jardin d’Épicure (The Garden of Epicurus) (1895)
• Opinions sociales (1902)
• Le Parti noir (1904)
• Vers les temps meilleurs (1906)
• Sur la voie glorieuse (1915)
• Trente ans de vie sociale, in four volumes, (1949, 1953, 1964, 1973)

Famous sayings[link]

Anatole France early in his career

• "We do not know what to do with this short life, but we want another which will be eternal."
• "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich and the poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread." (Le Lys Rouge)
• "If the path be beautiful, let us not question where it leads."
• "The history books which contain no lies are extremely tedious."
• "I prefer the folly of enthusiasm to the indifference of wisdom."
• "A person is never happy except at the price of some ignorance."
• "To accomplish great things, we must not only act but also dream, not only plan but also believe."
• "Irony is the gaiety of reflection and the joy of wisdom."
• "Wandering re-establishes the original harmony which once existed between man and the universe."
• "For every monarchy overthrown the sky becomes less brilliant, because it loses a star. A republic is ugliness set free."
• "She fought him off vigorously, scratched, cried that she will die before she submits, but the chevalier paid no attention to her words and took her. Afterwards, she smiled coyly and told him: "Do not think, dear chevalier, that you won me against my will. Better thank our good preacher who reminded me that we are mortal, and a pleasure missed today is missed forever. Now we can proceed, for I missed too many pleasures while being too prudent for my own good." (Fable by Anatole France.)
• "If 50 million people say a foolish thing, it is still a foolish thing."
• "Nine tenths of education is encouragement."
• "All religions breed crime." (Thaïs)
• "The people who have no weaknesses are terrible: there is no way of taking advantage of them." (The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard)
• "It is human nature to think wisely and act in an absurd fashion."
• "The whole art of teaching is only the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of satisfying it afterwards."
• "Until one has loved an animal, a part of one's soul remains unawakened."
• "Stupidity is far more dangerous than evil, for evil takes a break from time to time, stupidity does not."
• "All changes, even the most longed for, have their melancholy; for what we leave behind us is part of ourselves; we must die to one life before we can enter another."
• "We have never heard the devil's side of the story, God wrote all the book."
• "One must learn to think well before learning to think; afterward it proves too difficult."
• "An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't."
• "When a thing has been said and well said, have no scruple; take it and copy it."

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Anatole France

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anatole France

• Works by Anatole France at Project Gutenberg
• Works by Anatole France on Open Library at the Internet Archive
• Anatole France: A Brief Introduction
• Anatole France, Nobel Prize Winner by Herbert S. Gorman, The New York Times, 20 November 1921
• Correspondence with architect Jean-Paul Oury at Syracuse University
• Université McGill: le roman selon les romanciers
• (French) Anatole France, his work in audio version
• Dreyfus Rehabilitated